APP 005: Practical Research 1

Student Activity Sheet Day 18

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _____________

Lesson Title: Writing Research Methodology Materials:

Student Activity Sheet

Lesson Objectives: References:

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: 1. Retrieved from
http://expertjournals.com/how-to-
• choose appropriate qualitative research design; and write-a-research-methodology-for-
• construct appropriate research design and research environment. your-academic-article/ May 2020
2. Retrieved from
https://gradcoach.com/what-is-
research-methodology/

Productivity Tip: Keep a list of your sources: There are few things more frustrating than having to track down
a source weeks after you first accessed it. To save yourself time and potential frustration, keep a running
bibliography as you write; cite each source as you use it. That way you'll have all the information you need
right in front of you. - https://nmu.edu/writingcenter/tips-writing-research-paper

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction (2 mins)

Good to know that all of you are making progress in making your research project. Let’s begin by reading
this short description of our task today.

The research methodology section of any academic research paper gives you the opportunity to convince your
readers that your research is useful and will contribute to your field of study. An effective research
methodology is grounded in your overall approach, in this case using qualitative research design, and
adequately describes the methods you used. Justify why you chose those methods over others then explain
how those methods will provide answers to your research questions

Let’s first identify the following details according to your research project. Kindly answer the exercise below.

Which of the four major types of qualitative research you believe is the most difficult to make a
research/study/topic? Give three reasons for your choice.

Qualitative Research Type: __________________________________________________________

Reasons for choosing this type:

1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________

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 APP 005: Practical Research 1
Student Activity Sheet Day 18

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _____________

Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)

You are getting there to completing your manuscript for this research class. Good Job for accomplishing your
chapters 1 and 2. However, you need to establish how your study will progress and will be conducted towards
analysis in Chapter 4. Now, we are set to know what research methodology is and its components. Do you
know anything about the focus of this session?? Try answering the questions below by writing your ideas
under the first column What I Know. You may use key words or phrases that you think are related to the
questions.

What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)

1. What is a research
methodology?

2. What are the

components of research
methodology?

B.MAIN LESSON
Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins)

Research methodology simply refers

to the practical “how” of any given piece of
research. More specifically, it’s about how a
researcher systematically designs a study to
ensure valid and reliable results that address
the research aims and objectives.

For example, how did the researcher go about deciding:

What data to collect (and what data to ignore)

Who to collect it from (in research, this is called “sampling design”)
How to collect it (this is called “data collection methods”)
How to analyse it (this is called “data analysis methods”)

What are qualitative methodologies?

Qualitative research refers to research which focuses on collecting and analysing words (written or spoken)
and textual data, whereas quantitative research focuses on measurement and testing using numerical data.
Qualitative analysis can also focus on other “softer” data points, such as body language or visual elements.

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 APP 005: Practical Research 1
Student Activity Sheet Day 18

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _____________

It’s quite common for a qualitative methodology to be used when the research aims and objectives are
exploratory in nature. For example, a qualitative methodology might be used to understand peoples’
perceptions about an event that took place, or a candidate running for president.

Designing your research and working out your methodology is a large topic, which we’ll cover in other
posts. For now, however, the key takeaway is that you should always start with your research aims and
objectives. Every methodology decision will flow from that.

Methodology

RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH

DESIGN ENVIRONMENT SUBJECT / RESPONDENTS INSTRUMENTS

- is well-explained, which - is described briefly and - are clearly described WHO or WHAT - are described in detail
states the type of concisely where the the research is all about, it includes according to parts, their
technique/s the researcher research will be conducted discussion of the sampling validation procedures and its
utilized in the study. but is not limited to the techniques/selection criteria. qualification.
details of the population,
situations and other
important details of the SAMPLING is a process or technique of choosing a sub-
locale. group from a population to participate in the study; it is the
process of selecting a number of individuals for a study in
such a way that the individuals selected represent the
large group from which they were selected (Ogula, 2005).

RANDOM SAMPLING NON-RANDOM SAMPLING

RESEARCH PROCEDURES
- are divided in 2 parts: Data e.g. e.g.
 Simple random  Quota sampling
Gathering which provides
sampling  Convenience
detailed information about
how the data were gathered  Fishbowl sampling sampling
from where, and from  Lottery sampling  Purposive sampling
whom, by whom and when.
Data Analysis is the part
which also discusses on
how the data will be treated
and if necessary it
discusses its parameter
limits. Remember, under research instruments, the
researcher must discuss the research procedures.

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 APP 005: Practical Research 1
Student Activity Sheet Day 18

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _____________

If you’ve selected a qualitative methodology for your study, the next step is selecting the right research design.
There are 5 primary qualitative approaches selected in making a qualitative research. We have specific
expertise developing studies that follow each of the below designs:

Phenomenology
The overall aim of phenomenology is to derive an understanding of essential meanings as
constructed through interpretation of people’s lived experiences.
 In-depth interviews (usually 90 to 20 minutes)
 Small number of participants (typically 6-10 , sometimes as much as 20)
 Data saturation is critical here to determine when adding new participants stops yielding
new or novel insights
Case Studies
Case studies take a more holistic approach to qualitative research. They can be descriptive,
exploratory, or explanatory, so they are certainly one of the more versatile qualitative
methodologies.
 Single case studies explore participants’ experiences of complex phenomena in a single
setting or group
 Multiple case studies compare experiences across different settings
 Triangulation for case studies. You need myltiple data sources (interviews, written
reponses, observations, focus groups, and /or artifacts) to assess for degree of data
convergence.
Ethnography
The overall aim of ethnographic research is to develop an in-depth understanding of complex social
and/ore cultural phenomena within specific settings or groups, through direct immersion and
interaction.
 Researcher’s own experiences, perspectives and interpretations are central to the findings
and conclusions of the study
 Data collection must take place over an extended period of time - includes participants and
non-participants observation, as well as interviews, review arcival documents, artifacts, or
symbols
Grounded Theory
The overall aim of grounded theory is to construct a theoretical model that explains phenomena of
interest, based on the direct experiences and persepective of participants.
 Data collection involves interviews with participants who are selected using theoretical
sampling
 Interactive process between data collection and analysis to develop and elaboarte on the
new theory emerging for analysis

General Qualitative Inquiry

If you don’t want to be constrained by a spesific mehodology, or if your design oes not fully mesh
with those decribed above, you can follow a general qualitative inquiry design.
 Greater flexibility in terms of samplw size and data collection prodecures
 Research can focus solely on interviews or use multiple forms of data

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 APP 005: Practical Research 1
Student Activity Sheet Day 18

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _____________

Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)

Now, it’s Practice time! The following exercises are prepared to check your understanding of the concepts.
The moment that you complete each exercise, you may refer to the Key to Corrections part for feedback. Try
to complete each exercise before looking at the feedback.

Exercise 1: Now, try to draft the information of your research project. Fill in the chart below.

Methodology

RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH RESEARCH

DESIGN ENVIRONMENT SUBJECT / RESPONDENTS INSTRUMENTS

Exercise 2. Analyze your research problem. Which design do you think best applies for your research project?
Why?

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 APP 005: Practical Research 1
Student Activity Sheet Day 18

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _____________

Exercise 3. Let’s now plan what research instrument to be used in the research project.
Read first!

What is a Research Instrument?

 Research Instruments are measurement tools (for example, questionnaires or scales) designed to obtain data on
a topic of interest from research subjects. ...
 Research Instrument Records - provide details on validation and utilization of research instruments.

The scientific method Datar efers to any information

involves answering gathered from the respondents
questions through or subjects of the research
Commonly used of this type project. It is necessary in finding
systematic and public
are questionnaires; self- answers/solutions to the
data collection and
checklists; attitude scales; question/problem of the
analysis. presented in the research.
personality inventories;
achievement, aptitude, and
performance tests; and
The process of data
projective and socio-metric
collection is called
devices (Fraenknel&Wallen,
“instrumentation”.
2003)

Now, go back to the

research questions. Then,
plan what and how the
instrument of your
research be like.

Check the sample on the

right.

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 APP 005: Practical Research 1
Student Activity Sheet Day 18

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _____________

1st DRAFT

Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)

Go back to Activity 1 because it’s time to answer the questions in the What I Know chart. Input your answers
in the third column. Express it in your own words. Let us see if you improve greatly in terms of your
knowledge about the kinds of quantitative research designs.You may use the back portion of the page for
your other answers.

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 APP 005: Practical Research 1
Student Activity Sheet Day 18

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _____________

Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins)

Do the following:
 Go back to Exercise 1
 Finalize what you have written there.
 Rewrite this in a narrative form. Follow the format below. Make an introductory statement

Methodology

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Research Design

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Research Environment

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Research Subject/Respondents

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Research Instruments

___________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)
A. Work Tracker
Another set of research concepts was given to you. High five for finishing this module! Keep the
enthusiasm going for the succeeding lessons. Now, let’s track your progress. Shade the session number
you just completed. Mark the place in the work tracker to know what you have accomplished and how
much work there is left for you to do.

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 APP 005: Practical Research 1
Student Activity Sheet Day 18

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _____________

B. Think about your Learning

1. Did you encounter challenges learning the concepts in this module? If none, which parts of the module
helped you understand better?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. Do you have questions about a particular concept of the lesson? What are these that you want to clarify?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

FAQs

1. What is qualitative research in research methodology?

Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio)
to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth insights into a
problem or generate new ideas for research. Qualitative research is the opposite of quantitative
research, which involves collecting and analyzing numerical data for statistical analysis. Qualitative
research is commonly used in the humanities and social sciences, in subjects such as anthropology,
sociology, education, health sciences, history, etc. - www.scribbr.com

2. Why use qualitative methods?

Qualitative methods derive from a variety of disciplines and traditions. They are used to learn directly
from patients and others what is important to them, to provide the context necessary to understand
quantitative findings, and to identify variables important for future clinical studies. -
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

ANSWERS VARY DEPENDING ON STUDENT’S RESPECTIVE RESEARCH

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