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    Lesson 1.3 and 1.4

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    lzlie Rbsra
    Historical sources are historians' most important research tools and are classified as primary or secondary sources. Primary sources were created during the event being studied, like documents from a constitutional convention. Secondary sources were created later by authors using primary sources, like books analyzing a revolution. Historians must apply both external and internal criticism to sources, such as verifying authenticity and examining context and intent. Without this criticism, historical deception could occur, as demonstrated by hoaxes like the Code of Kalantiaw that was debunked. The task of historians is to organize the past revealed in sources to provide lessons for the future.

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    Lesson 1.3 and 1.4

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    lzlie Rbsra
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    Historical sources are historians' most important research tools and are classified as primary or secondary sources. Primary sources were created during the event being studied, like documents from a constitutional convention. Secondary sources were created later by authors using primary sources, like books analyzing a revolution. Historians must apply both external and internal criticism to sources, such as verifying authenticity and examining context and intent. Without this criticism, historical deception could occur, as demonstrated by hoaxes like the Code of Kalantiaw that was debunked. The task of historians is to organize the past revealed in sources to provide lessons for the future.

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    Historical sources are historians' most important research tools and are classified as primary or secondary sources. Primary sources were created during the event being studied, like documents from a constitutional convention. Secondary sources were created later by authors using primary sources, like books analyzing a revolution. Historians must apply both external and internal criticism to sources, such as verifying authenticity and examining context and intent. Without this criticism, historical deception could occur, as demonstrated by hoaxes like the Code of Kalantiaw that was debunked. The task of historians is to organize the past revealed in sources to provide lessons for the future.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    292 views3 pages

    Lesson 1.3 and 1.4

    Uploaded by

    lzlie Rbsra
    Historical sources are historians' most important research tools and are classified as primary or secondary sources. Primary sources were created during the event being studied, like documents from a constitutional convention. Secondary sources were created later by authors using primary sources, like books analyzing a revolution. Historians must apply both external and internal criticism to sources, such as verifying authenticity and examining context and intent. Without this criticism, historical deception could occur, as demonstrated by hoaxes like the Code of Kalantiaw that was debunked. The task of historians is to organize the past revealed in sources to provide lessons for the future.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Historical sources are considered as historian’s most important research tools.

    Generally, historical sources are classified into primary and secondary sources, depending on
    the historical subject being studied.

    Primary sources – produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being
    studied.

    • For example, if a historian wishes to study the Commonwealth Constitution


    Convention of 1935, he can make use of the minutes of the meetings of the
    convention, newspaper clippings, Philippine Commission reports of the U.S.
    Commissioners, records of the convention, draft of the Constitution, photographs, and
    even the eyewitness accounts of the convention.

    • Another example of primary source, if one wishes to study about the psychological
    effects of World War II to the Filipinos during the Japanese Occupation, he can make
    use of books or articles published during or after the war.

    Secondary sources – produced by an author who used primary sources to produce a


    material.

    • For example, on the Philippine Revolution of 1896, one can read Teodoro Agoncillo’s
    Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan originally published
    in 1956. In writing the book, Agoncillo used primary sources like documents of the
    Katipunan, interview with the veterans, and correspondence between and among
    Katipuneros.

    Historians, aside from collecting and utilizing both primary and secondary sources
    must also apply both external and internal criticisms, particularly in primary sources which
    can age on centuries.
    • External criticism – verifying the authenticity of an evidence by examining its
    physical characteristics (i.e., quality of the paper, type of the ink, language and words
    used).
    ▪ For example, by examining the novels of Dr. Jose Rizal, they were both
    written in Spanish which was prevalent during his time (external criticism).
    Furthermore, one must realize that his novels and most of his poems were
    written also in Spanish for the reason that they were really dedicated to the
    Spaniards (internal criticism). Thus, through his works, Dr. Jose Rizal aimed
    that the Spaniards would realize the real situation of the Filipinos during their
    colonization.
    • Internal criticism – examines the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by
    looking at the content of the source and the circumstance of its production (i.e., author
    of the source, context, knowledge and intended purpose of it, and agenda behind).
    ▪ For example, Japanese reports and declarations during the war should not be
    taken as a historical fact hastily since such reports can be manipulated to be
    used as war propaganda.

    Without thorough criticisms of historical evidences, frauds and lies will be highly
    probable. In the Philippines, here are some cases of historical deceptions:

    • The hoax Code of Kalantiaw – a set of rules contained in an epic Maragtas and was
    allegedly written by Datu Kalantiaw. It was sold into National Library and was
    regarded as an important precolonial document until 1968, when American historian
    William Henry Scott debunked its authenticity due to anachronism and lack of
    evidence.
    • Ferdinand Marcos during the World War II – the latter was claiming that he was a
    soldier who led a guerilla unit called Ang Maharlika and even had war medals to
    show. This was disproven by historians who counterchecked Marcos’s claims with the
    US war records.

    The task of the historian is to look at the available and most relevant sources for
    history and to organize the past that is being created so that it can offer lessons for nations,
    societies, and civilization. History has come a long way but still has a lot of remaining tasks
    to do, and as long as questions are continuously asked, and as long as time unfolds, the study
    of history can never be complete.

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