A Metasurface-Based Low-Profile Wideband Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna For 5G Millimeter-Wave Systems
A Metasurface-Based Low-Profile Wideband Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna For 5G Millimeter-Wave Systems
A Metasurface-Based Low-Profile Wideband Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna For 5G Millimeter-Wave Systems
net/publication/338870949
CITATIONS READS
15 1,272
5 authors, including:
Nam Kim
Chungbuk National University
552 PUBLICATIONS 3,134 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
All content following this page was uploaded by Niamat Hussain on 04 May 2020.
ABSTRACT This paper presents the design and realization of a metasurface-based low-profile wideband
Circularly Polarized (CP) patch antenna with high performance for Fifth-generation (5G) communication
systems. The antenna consists of a modified patch, sandwiched between an array of 4 × 4 symmetrical square
ring Metasurface (MTS) and a ground plane. Initially, the intrinsic narrow bandwidth of the conventional
patch antenna is increased using a diagonal rectangular slot. For further performance enhancement, the
additional resonances and CP radiations are achieved for wideband operation in terms of impedance and
Axial Ratio (AR) by effective excitation of surface waves propagating along the MTS. The stacking of MTS
on the modified patch without any air gap resulted in an overall compact size of 1.1λ0 × 1.1λ0 × 0.093λ0 .
Simulated and measured results show that the MTS-based antenna offers a wide impedance bandwidth
ranging from 24 – 34.1 GHz (34.7%) for |S11 | < −10 with a maximum gain of 11 dBic and a 3-dB AR
bandwidth of 24.1 – 29.5 GHz (20.1 %). Moreover, the proposed antenna has a smooth gain response with a
small variation in its gain (9.5 – 11 dBic) and a stable left-hand CP radiation in the desired frequency range.
The operating bandwidth of this antenna is covering the proposed entire global millimeter-wave spectrum
(24.2 – 29.5 GHz) for 5G communication systems.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
VOLUME 8, 2020 22127
N. Hussain et al.: Metasurface-Based Low-Profile Wideband Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna
FIGURE 6. The design procedure and optimization of the proposed FIGURE 7. Characteristics of the antenna with and without metasurface:
metasurface-based wideband CP antenna. (a) |S11 |, (b) AR, and broadside gain.
FIGURE 10. Photographs of the (a) fabricated antenna and its parts of the
assembly, and (b) far-field measurement setup.
complicated design (multiple printed layers and air gap). [10] H. Wong, Q. W. Lin, H. W. Lai, and X. Y. Zhang, ‘‘Substrate inte-
Among MTS antennas [16], [17], [28], [29], [33], the designs grated meandering probe-fed patch antennas for wideband wireless
devices,’’ IEEE Trans. Compon., Packag., Manuf. Technol., vol. 5, no. 3,
presented in [17], [28], [29] offer wide bandwidths due to the pp. 381–388, Mar. 2015.
design freedom at microwave frequencies. Although, these [11] J. A. Sheersha, N. Nasimuddin, and A. Alphones, ‘‘A high gain wideband
designs have disadvantages of low gain. Meanwhile, the MTS circularly polarized antenna with asymmetric metasurface,’’ Int. J. RF
Microw. Comput.-Aided Eng., vol. 29, no. 7, Jul. 2019, Art. no. e21740.
antennas [16], [33] at 5G MWM frequency band, only [16] [12] P. K. T. Rajanna, K. Rudramuni, and K. Kandasamy, ‘‘A wideband cir-
has CP radiations, however, it possesses three printed lay- cularly polarized slot antenna backed by a frequency selective surface,’’
ers with an air gap, while the AR bandwidth is restricted J. Electromagn. Eng. Sci., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 166–171, Jul. 2019.
[13] Y. Liu, K. Song, Y. Qi, S. Gu, and X. Zhao, ‘‘Investigation of circularly
to only 6%. Though, the electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) polarized patch antenna with chiral metamaterial,’’ IEEE Antennas Wire-
antenna presented in [34] offers a simple design and a very less Propag. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 1359–1362, 2013.
wide impedance bandwidth covering the entire 5G MMW [14] W. Yang, J. Zhou, Z. Yu, and L. Li, ‘‘Single-fed low profile broadband cir-
cularly polarized stacked patch antenna,’’ IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,
band, has linearly polarized radiation. It is worth mentioning vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 5406–5410, Oct. 2014.
that, among all MWM CP antennas [8], [16], [35]–[39], [15] M. J. Jeong, N. Hussain, J. W. Park, S. G. Park, S. Y. Rhee, and N. Kim,
only the proposed design covers the frequency band ‘‘Millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna using vertically coupled split
ring metaplate for gain enhancement,’’ Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 61,
(24.2 – 29.5 GHz) adopted globally for 5G communication no. 10, pp. 2360–2365, Oct. 2019.
systems. [16] M. Akbari, H. A. Ghalyon, M. Farahani, A.-R. Sebak, and T. A. Denidni,
‘‘Spatially decoupling of CP antennas based on FSS for 30-GHz MIMO
systems,’’ IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 6527–6537, 2017.
VI. CONCLUSION [17] K. Agarwal, Nasimuddin, and A. Alphones, ‘‘Wideband circularly polar-
A low-profile wideband CP patch antenna with high perfor- ized AMC reflector backed aperture antenna,’’ IEEE Trans. Antennas
mance using a square ring MTS is presented in this paper. Propag., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 1456–1461, Mar. 2013.
[18] X. Li, J. Yang, Y. Feng, M. Yang, and M. Huang, ‘‘Compact and broadband
The operating bandwidth of the patch antenna is improved antenna based on a step-shaped metasurface,’’ Opt. Express, vol. 25, no. 16,
using resonances of truncated corner patch and diagonally p. 19023, Aug. 2017.
slotted patch. Moreover, for the wideband operation to cover [19] S. X. Ta and I. Park, ‘‘Artificial magnetic conductor-based circularly
polarized crossed-dipole antennas: 2. AMC structure without grounding
the 5G MMW band, a lattice of a periodic layer of square pins,’’ Radio Sci., vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 642–652, May 2017.
ring MTS is used. The antenna prototype is fabricated and [20] J. Hu, G. Q. Luo, and Z.-C. Hao, ‘‘A wideband quad-polarization reconfig-
measured to validate the simulated data. The antenna exhibits urable metasurface antenna,’’ IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 6130–6137, 2018.
[21] N. Nasimuddin, Z. N. Chen, and X. Qing, ‘‘Bandwidth enhance-
wide bandwidth from 24 to 34.1 GHz for |S11 | < −10 with ment of a single-feed circularly polarized antenna using a metasurface:
an overlapping AR bandwidth of 20.1 % (24.1 – 29.5 GHz). Metamaterial-based wideband CP rectangular microstrip antenna.,’’ IEEE
Additionally, stable radiation patterns with a little gain varia- Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 39–46, Apr. 2016.
[22] Q. Chen and H. Zhang, ‘‘Dual-patch polarization conversion metasurface-
tion from 9.5 – 11 dBic are also achieved across the operating based wideband circular polarization slot antenna,’’ IEEE Access, vol. 6,
band. With the aforementioned advantages including low- pp. 74772–74777, 2018.
profile of the antenna (1.1λ0 × 1.1λ0 × 0.093λ0 ), the pro- [23] N. Hussain, K. E. Kedze, and I. Park, ‘‘Performance of a planar leaky-wave
slit antenna for different values of substrate thickness,’’ J. Electromagn.
posed antenna can be a good candidate for 5G MMW systems Eng. Sci., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 202–207, Oct. 2017.
including smart devices and sensors. [24] Z. Wu, H. Liu, and L. Li, ‘‘Metasurface-inspired low profile polarization
reconfigurable antenna with simple DC controlling circuit,’’ IEEE Access,
vol. 7, pp. 45073–45079, 2019.
REFERENCES [25] N. Hussain and I. Park, ‘‘Performance of multiple-feed metasurface anten-
[1] M. Masoudi, ‘‘Green mobile networks for 5G and beyond,’’ IEEE Access, nas with different numbers of patch cells and different substrate thick-
vol. 7, pp. 107270–107299, 2019. nesses,’’ Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J., vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 49–55,
[2] R. Vannithamby and S. Talwar, Towards 5G: Applications, Requirements 2018.
and Candidate Technologies. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2017. [26] S. Nelaturi and N. V. S. N. Sarma, ‘‘A compact microstrip patch antenna
[3] J. F. Harvey, M. B. Steer, and T. S. Rappaport, ‘‘Exploiting high millimeter based on metamaterials for Wi-Fi and WiMAX applications,’’ J. Electro-
wave bands for military communications, applications, and design,’’ IEEE magn. Eng. Sci., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 182–187, Jul. 2018.
Access, vol. 7, pp. 52350–52359, 2019. [27] J. Park, M. Jeong, N. Hussain, S. Rhee, S. Park, and N. Kim, ‘‘A low-
[4] Qualcomm Technologies. (Dec. 2017). Spectrum for 4G and 5G. profile high-gain filtering antenna for fifth generation systems based on
Accessed: Aug. 10, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.qualcomm. nonuniform metasurface,’’ Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 61, no. 11,
com/news/media-center pp. 2513–2519, Nov. 2019.
[5] N. Hussain, M.-J. Jeong, J. Park, and N. Kim, ‘‘A broadband circularly [28] C. Zhao and C.-F. Wang, ‘‘Characteristic mode design of wide band
polarized Fabr–Perot resonant antenna using a single-layered PRS for 5G circularly polarized patch antenna consisting of H-shaped unit cells,’’ IEEE
MIMO applications,’’ IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 42897–42907, 2019. Access, vol. 6, pp. 25292–25299, 2018.
[6] Z.-G. Liu and W.-B. Lu, ‘‘Low-profile design of broadband high gain cir- [29] L.-M. Si, W. Zhu, and H.-J. Sun, ‘‘A compact, planar, and CPW-
cularly polarized Fabry–Perot resonator antenna and its array with linearly fed metamaterial-inspired dual-band antenna,’’ IEEE Antennas Wireless
polarized feed,’’ IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 7164–7172, 2017. Propag. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 305–308, 2013.
[7] N. Nguyen-Trong, H. H. Tran, T. K. Nguyen, and A. M. Abbosh, ‘‘A com- [30] T. Li and Z. N. Chen, ‘‘Design of dual-band metasurface antenna array
pact wideband circular polarized Fabry–Perot antenna using resonance using characteristic mode analysis (CMA) for 5G millimeter-wave applica-
structure of thin dielectric slabs,’’ IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 56333–56339, tions,’’ in Proc. IEEE-APS Top. Conf. Antennas Propag. Wireless Commun.
2018. (APWC), Cartagena des Indias, Colombia, Sep. 2018, pp. 721–724.
[8] M. Asaadi, I. Afifi, and A.-R. Sebak, ‘‘High gain and wideband high [31] T. Li and Z. N. Chen, ‘‘Wideband substrate-integrated waveguide-fed end-
dense dielectric patch antenna using FSS superstrate for millimeter-wave fire metasurface antenna array,’’ IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 66,
applications,’’ IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 38243–38250, 2018. no. 12, pp. 7032–7040, Dec. 2018.
[9] Q. W. Lin, H. Wong, X. Y. Zhang, and H. W. Lai, ‘‘Printed meandering [32] T. Li and Z. N. Chen, ‘‘Metasurface-based shared-aperture 5G S-/ K -
probe-fed circularly polarized patch antenna with wide bandwidth,’’ IEEE band antenna using characteristic mode analysis,’’ IEEE Trans. Antennas
Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 654–657, 2014. Propag., vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 6742–6750, Dec. 2018.
[33] T. Li and Z. N. Chen, ‘‘A dual-band metasurface antenna using charac- MIN-JOO JEONG received the B.S. degree in
teristic mode analysis,’’ IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 66, no. 10, electronics engineering from Chosun University,
pp. 5620–5624, Oct. 2018. in 2013, and the M.S. degree in LED fusion
[34] X. Lin, B.-C. Seet, F. Joseph, and E. Li, ‘‘Flexible fractal electromagnetic engineering from Pukyong National University,
bandgap for millimeter-wave wearable antennas,’’ IEEE Antennas Wireless South Korea, in 2015. He is currently pursuing
Propag. Lett., vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1281–1285, Jul. 2018. the Ph.D. degree in information and communica-
[35] M.-C. Tang, T. Shi, and R. W. Ziolkowski, ‘‘A study of 28 GHz, pla- tion engineering with Chungbuk National Univer-
nar, multilayered, electrically small, broadside radiating, huygens source
sity, Chungju, South Korea. His research interests
antennas,’’ IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 6345–6354,
include EMC, antenna design, and EMF.
Dec. 2017.
[36] W. Lin, R. W. Ziolkowski, and T. C. Baum, ‘‘28 GHz compact omnidirec-
tional circularly polarized antenna for device-to-device communications
in the future 5G systems,’’ IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 65, no. 12,
pp. 6904–6914, Dec. 2017.
[37] A. Dadgarpour, M. S. Sorkherizi, and A. A. Kishk, ‘‘High-efficient circu-
larly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna for 5G applications using ANEES ABBAS received the bachelor’s degree in
dual-polarized split-ring resonator lens,’’ IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., telecommunication engineering from BUTEMS,
vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 4263–4267, Aug. 2017. Queta, Pakistan, in 2014. He is currently pur-
[38] M. Mantash and T. A. Denidni, ‘‘CP antenna array with switching-beam suing the master’s degree with the Department
capability using electromagnetic periodic structures for 5G applications,’’ of Information and Communication Engineering,
IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 26192–26199, 2019. Chungbuk National University, South Korea. His
[39] D. M. Elsheakh and M. F. Iskander, ‘‘Circularly polarized triband printed research interests include antenna design for WIFI
quasi-Yagi antenna for millimeter-wave applications,’’ Int. J. Antennas and mobile communication.
Propag., vol. 2015, Feb. 2015, Art. no. 329453.
[40] J. R. James and P. S. Hall, Handbook of Microstrip Antennas. London,
U.K.: Peter Peregrinus, 1989.
[41] Nasimuddin, Z. N. Chen, and X. Qing, ‘‘Slotted microstrip antennas for
circular polarization with compact size,’’ IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag.,
vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 124–137, Apr. 2013.
[42] K. F. Tong and T. P. Wong, ‘‘Circularly polarized U-slot antenna,’’ IEEE TAE-JUN KIM received the bachelor’s degree in
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 2382–2385, Aug. 2007. electrical and electronics engineering from Yonsei
[43] K. Lau and K. Luk, ‘‘A novel wide-band circularly polarized patch antenna University, South Korea, in February 2003, and
based on L-probe and aperture-coupling techniques,’’ IEEE Trans. Anten- the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from
nas Propag., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 577–582, Jan. 2005. KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea, in February 2011.
[44] K.-F. Tong and J. Huang, ‘‘New proximity coupled feeding method for He worked as a Senior Researcher with the Mobile
reconfigurable circularly polarized microstrip ring antennas,’’ IEEE Trans. Media Application Technology Team, ETRI, from
Antennas Propag., vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 1860–1866, Jul. 2008. October 2011 to August 2013. He is currently an
[45] F. Costa, O. Luukkonen, C. R. Simovski, A. Monorchio, S. A. Tretyakov, Associate Professor with the School of Informa-
and P. M. De Maagt, ‘‘TE surface wave resonances on high-impedance tion and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk
surface based antennas: Analysis and modeling,’’ IEEE Trans. Antennas
National University, Cheongju, South Korea. His research interest is mainly
Propag., vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 3588–3596, Oct. 2011.
focused on network systems.
[46] D. Ferreira, R. F. S. Caldeirinha, I. Cuinas, and T. R. Fernandes, ‘‘Square
loop and slot frequency selective surfaces study for equivalent circuit
model optimization,’’ IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 63, no. 9,
pp. 3947–3955, Sep. 2015.