Agroforestry by Baduy Community in Banten Province, Indonesia
Agroforestry by Baduy Community in Banten Province, Indonesia
Agroforestry by Baduy Community in Banten Province, Indonesia
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Bixia Chen
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Key words: Agroforestry, land use, Indigenous people in tropics, forest utilization
concentrate on trees for fuel wood. Economic function of dwindling. Suitable use of trees can do so much to
agroforest has been mentioned as serving the low-income improve soil (Westoby 1989).
households as essential production system. With recent Agroforestry was categorized as social forestry. It is
research foci of ecological concern (Wiersum 1982), a new name for practices which are very old - the
agroforestry has been interpreted as a sustainable combination, in time or space, of tree growing with
forestry. The traditional agroforests in West Java reflect growing crops, raising animals, or both. Agroforestry is
the surrounding forest ecosystem, simplifying the an integrated approach of using the interactive benefits
features (Michon et. al. 1983). from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or
Social forestry was defined as: "tree planting and livestock. It combines agricultural and forestry can be
classified into various groups based on their components maintenance during Reuma. Thus, the land might be
in space and time. Basically, agroforestry practices have reused as shifting cultivation after 8 years. According
agrisilviculture (trees with technologies to create more to Ichwandi (2008), Reuma type secondary forests
diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable become fewer and fewer these years.
land-use systems (Westoby 1989). Agroforestry is a Seventy-five percent of Indonesia's total land area of
generic term and crops), silvopastoral (trees with grass 191 million hectares was classified as forest land, and
and animals), and other combinations (Huxley 1999). tropical rain forests made up the vast majority of
However, a global marketing also has a deep influence forest cover, particularly in Kalimantan, Sumatra, and
on forest production. World forest resource has depleted Irian Jaya. Forest coverage rate has declined sharply
and environment has been destroyed instead of the great after 1980s. Shifting cultivation was criticized as one of
progress concerning modern forest management theories the complex factors contributing to forest deterioration.
and techniques. With the conversion of agToforests to Indonesia is also endowed with a long history of
modernization, they have largely lost their original human cultivation and diverse cultures. The Baduy
features of biodiversity and the multi-purpose dimension community in Banten province, Java Island is an
in household economy (Michon & Mary 1994). indigenous community 111 Indonesia living with a
In contrast, the indigenous people, in particular those traditional lifestyle in isolated environment. Many
in the tropics have stuck to their beliefs and lived with indigenous communities have faced great pressure since
the rain forest in a sustainable way for hundreds of legislation of Basic Agrarian, Forestry Act, and other
years. Baduy people have aroused research interest sector laws do not acknowledge local peoples' customary
(Iskandar & Ellen 2000; Ich wandi 2008) wi th their rig'hts to use the forest resources (Moniaga 1993). In
strict taboos to the access to the ou tside modern contrast, Baduy community survived because they
society. However, agroforestry by indigenous people is got the acknowledgement from the government and
less known. This study aims to clarify the forest surrounding society. Since 1968, the Decree of the
composition of agroforests in indigenous villages, and Governor of West Jawa No. 203/b.V/Pem/SK/1968, the
further discusses various uses of agroforest.
.9fP't f
from their home, they have developed a particular system
/'C:..s.9~"
to intercrop in small area woodland. Agroforestry of i
····f ..,~
:'" ,,,,,"-,\
Baduy can be divided into two categories, Kebon and
Huma-Jami-Reuma. In a Kebon,
without slash and burn, there is an upstorey of fruit
trees and woods, and a low storey of useful herbaceous
plants. A Huma-Jami-Reuma is a kind of shifting
cultivation after slash and burn. Huma, Jami, and
Reuma refer to the different stages of shifting CtbBrani
Baduy community has been endowed with the legal permitted to spend the night. They are probably the
right to live on their sacred land in the state forest purest Baduy territory. IE people follow the rigid
reserve. This was before its creation of Banten province buyout taboo system very strictly, and thus they have
from the western most part of West Java Province. In made very few contacts with the outside world as they
2001, that decree was further strengthened by a new are considered as "People of the sacred inner circle". IB
local government decree No. 32 regarding protection of people are the only one of these two major clans that
customary rights of the Baduy community. have the Fu'un, the spiritual priest of the Baduy. The
The Baduy, who call themselves Kanekes, are a Fu'un is the only people that visit the most hallowed
traditional community living in the western part of the and sacred ground of the Baduy which lies on Gunung
Indonesia province of Banten. Their territory consists Kendeng, in a place called Area Domas. Unlike Outer
of 5, 101 ha, and is called Kanekes Village under Baduy (OB) , IE peoples are hardly influenced by Islam.
Leuwidamar Sub-district in Lebak District, Banten OB people make up the remainder of the Baduy
province. Their population of between 5,000 and 8,000 is population, living in 22 villages and acting as a barrier
centered in the Kendeng mountains at an elevation of to stop visitors from entering the Sacred Inner circle.
300-500 meters above sea level. Their homeland in They do follow the rigid taboo system but not as
Banten, Java is contained in just 50 km" of hilly forest strictly as IE people, and they are more willing to
area 120 km from Jakarta, Indonesia's megalopolis of accept modern influence into their daily lives. For
high-rises and fast cars. Topography is mainly hilly example, some OB people now proudly wear the
with an average slope of 49%. The average rainfall is colorful sarongs and shirts favored by their Sundanese
4000 mm/year. The soil is clay latosol. The area was neighbours. In the past OB people only wore their
declared by the Governor of West Java as an area of homespun blue-black cloth, and were forbidden to wear
special reserve of sacred forest land and a conservation trousers. Other elements of civilization (toys, money,
area for Baduy community under their native batteries) are rapidly infiltrating especially in the
customary rights in 1968 (Dinas Sosial, 1999). villages to the north, and it is no longer unusual for
The religion of the Baduy is known as Agama Sunda an OB to make a journey to Jakarta, or even to work
Wiwitan, a combination of traditional beliefs and outside as a hired hand during the rice planting and
Hinduism. However, due to lack of interaction with the harvesting' seasons. Some even work in big towns and
outside world, their religion is more related to Kejawen cities like Jakarta, Bogor and Bandung. Animal meat
Animism, though they still retain many elements of is eaten in some of the outer villages where dogs are
their original Hindu-Buddhist religion, like the terms trained for hunting, though animal husbandry is still
they use to define things and objects, and the rituals in forbidden. No foreigners are allowed to enter IE area.
their religious activities. A certain amount of Islamic Thus, we limited our survey in OB people area.
influence has also penetrated into the religion of a few At present, OB people also accept tourists in some
of Outer Baduy in recent years, with some original areas. Handicrafts are on sale for presents. Some OB
ideas thrown in for good measure. The ultimate people were hired as tour guide. However, OB people,
authority is vested in Gusti Nu Maha Suci, who in particular, women avoid taking photos, and meeting
according to the Baduy people sent by Adam into the with tourists. According to the survey data by
world to lead the life of a Baduy. Ichwandi (2008), income from handicraft sale accounted
The Baduy also observe many mystical taboos. They for 16.2%, and 7.9% of the total household income in
are forbidden to kill, steal, lie, commit adultery, get OB people and IE people, respectively; while, income
drunk, eat food at night, take any form of conveyance, from agroforestry accounted for 72.3%, and 83.9% of
wear flowers or use perfumes, gold or silver, to touch the total household income in OB and IE people,
money, or cut their hair. Other taboos relate to respectively. It is obvious that Baduy people earn a
defending Baduy lands against invasion: they may not majority of their income from forests. Durian is the
grow sawah (wet rice), not use fertilizers, not raise important fruit for the two clans, while, honey is
cash crops, not use modern tools for working, nor keep another important product in IE people.
large domestic animals. Basically, Baduy people use the firewood for cooking.
The population of about 400 Inner Baduy (IE) people IE people use firewood from the forest. Both clans use
consists of 40 families Kajeroan who live in the three self-sufficient woods to build their houses. Swidden rice
villages of Cibeo, Cikertawana, and Cikeusik in Tanah is also self-sufficient. IE people consider swidden rice as
Larangan (forbidden territory) where no stranger is sacred. Thus, each year they perform sacred rituals by
20
offering new swidden rice. And it is a taboo to sell slash and burn. We found a total number of 17 trees in
swidden nce on the market. Recen tly, there is an the up storey, which is obviously much fewer than the
increasing tendency that people buy supplementary rice other surveyed plots. From Table I, we know that
from the market. Paraserianthes falcataria, and Hibiscus macrophyllus
In principle, there is a square in the middle of the were the two major species, accounted for 7 and 5
village, and houses scatter to surround it. The square trees. Both ar'e used as timber. Fig. 2 is the horizontal
is used as a common place that people perform the distribution of all up storey trees in Jami. It is clear
ritual, making the roof, drying coffee, or hang out that all six species trees belonging' to six genuses were
washing to dry, and etc. Orthosiphon aristata, Carica scattered in the plot.
papaya L . and Curcuma domestica are planted in the Table 2 is a full list of low storey tree species ranked
small home gardens that surround each house. The by their numbers (also see Fig. 3). The major species
villages are surrounded by the forest and farming land. was Paraserianthes falcataria, which accounted for 29
small trees. These Paraserianthes falcataria trees could
3. Methods be harvested after 5-8 years, which is in accordance
with the shifting cultivation cycles. Thus, such an
In May, 2008, we surveyed one plot of [{ebon, [{ebon agroforest with a majority of Paraserianthes falcataria
kopi, Jami, and Reuma, respectively (Fig. 1). Based on has become very popular in Indonesia (Iskandar and
traditional custom, foreigners are not allowed to enter Ellen 2000). There were also 28 Musa sp., and 16
a Huma. Through the local guide, we got the permit Sandoricum hoetjape, which would grow up to produce
from the local people to conduct the surveys. In OB, food and fruits.
there were a majori ty of Paraserianthes falcataria 1n Nine species of herbaceous plants (Table 3) were
the up storey, and banana plants in the low storey 111 found, all of which were edible for family uses. They
Reuma. In [{ebon, there were a majority of included Colocasia esculanta, Capsicum annuum, and
Paraserianthes falcataria in the up-storey, and a large Solanum melongena Linn, which could be used in their
number of cultivated plants in the low-storey. Besides everyday lives. They also included spices of Zingiber
a typical Kebon, there is a [{ebon hopi, where coffee sp., Curcuma aurantiaca, Coleus tuberosus, and Alpinia
trees were accumulated. galanga, either cultivated or wild.
The relative locations of plants taller than 1m were
drawn in a horizontal distribution figure. Since tallest 4.2 Reuma
trees in the surveyed plots are around 6m, the survey Reuma is a young secondary forest re-grown 3-5
data will be split into two parts of those taller than years after huma. Reuma is usually covered with
4m which were gTouped into the up storey, and those natural regeneration comprised of a variety of species of
lower than 4m which were grouped into the low storey. shrubs and trees. Table 4 shows a full list of upstorey
A rectangle plot of 10m X 60m was set to survey the species in a surveyed Reuma plot. Paraserianthes
plant composition of different type of agroforests. Kebon falcataria is major species in up storey. The number
are mostly small plots of land covered with a dense was 65, and accounted for 82% of the total up storey
population of useful tree species. Thus, we chose to survey trees. Among all 79 up storey trees, only 2 of them
a plot of lOmX40m in Kebon. The relative location of were fruit trees of Tamarindus indica L., and Parkia
all up storey trees and low storey were measured and speciosa (Fig. 4).
tallied. And herbaceous vegetations were identified and Table 5 lists all tree species appear in the low storey
recorded. Further, we recorded the plant uses (food, of Reuma (also see Fig. 5). There were 49 Musa sp.
medicine, timber, ritual, or others), regeneration (wild, trees and 36 Swietenia mahagoni trees.
or cultivated), function (for subsistence or for sale) Thirteen species of herbaceous plants (Table 3) were
through interviews. The plant uses was obtained found. Five species of Selaginella plana, Curcuma
through interviewing the local inhabitan ts. domesiica, Solanum torvum, Centella asiatica, Eupatorium
odoratum L.and Oxalis barrelieri L. were used as food.
4. Results Three species of Centella asiatica, Amorphophallus sp.,
and Mikania scandens were used as medicine. Five species
4.1 Vegetation composition in Jami of Eryngium foetidum, Caryota mitis, Ageratum conyzoides,
Huma is used for swidden farming to plant swidden rice Phyllanthus niruri, and Dicranopteris linearis were used
and other crops. Jami is fallow land one year after the in the ri tua!.
Agroforestry by Baduy Community in Banten province, Indonesia 21
10
·51
10 15 20 25 30 35 40
" 45 50 55 60
4.3 Vegetation composition in Kebon. the different land owners. There were a large number
Fig. 6 shows the horizontal vegetation distribution of of seedlings of up storey woods, which belongs to 12
up storey plants in Kebon .. Table 6 lists the detailed species. From Fig. 7, we could find that there were a
information of plants ranked with numbers. lot of herbaceous plants in the low storey. The major
We found 57 trees in the up storey. From the Table 6, we species included Alpinia gaLanga, and Manihot
could see that Paraserianthes faLcataria ranked first, and escuLenta. There were also quite a lot of Curcuma
accou nted for 26, about half of the up storey trees. domestica and Canna edulis.
Paraserianthes faLcataria is an alien species introduced In Kebon, fourteen species of herbaceous plants
quite recently. They are sold as chip timber for cash (Table 3) were found. Seven species of SeLaginella
lDcome. Sandoricum Iwetijape ranked second, and pLana, Curcuma domestica, Manihot escullenta, Canna
accounted for 18. They are majorly used as fruits. While, eduLis, ALocasia macrorrhiza, ALpinia gaLangaL, and
they can also be sold as timber of high quality CIchwandi MeLastoma malabaricum were used as food. Three
2008). These two species accounted for more than two species of Mikania scandens, Imperata cyLindricaL, and
third of the total up storey trees. There were the other 8 Eupatorium odoratum L. were used as medicine. Three
species, including Hibiscus macrophyllus, Gnetum gnemon species of Phyllanthus niruri, Caryota mitis, and
LINN., Maesopsis emuUL, Durio zibethinus Murr., Histiopteris incisa were used in the ritual.
Mangifera odorata, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.,
Parkia speciosa, and Macaranga tanarius. They were 4.4 Vegetation composition in Kebon Kopi
mostly for family use. Kebon Kopi refers to a home garden which is dominated
Table 7 shows a full list of low storey plants by coffee trees. Higher storey trees (such as Paraserianthes
appeared in the surveyed Kebon. We found 24 banana faLcataria) are used as shading plants for coffee production
plants, which were the major species. And CordyLine Baduy. Fig. 8 shows the horizontal distribution of up
fruticosa ranked second. These trees were planted in a storey vegetation of surveyed plot in Kebon Kopi.
line in the middle of Kebon as a boundary line between About 39 trees, 9 species were found in the up storey
22
10
«t1J
-lJJ )<'~
I
~
~
~
Road
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60
10
e ,
,, «t1J
-lJJ /~
,
I
I
"GlI
"f3
~
Road ,""-
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60
10 ,-----,--_--,----.---,---.-----,dlih.-"o--t.--,----,---.,---,-----,I
Road
Hoad
10 15 25 30 35 40 45 55
Fig. 6. A horizontal distribution or up stol'ey plants in a Kebon
Table 5. A full list of low storey plant species appeared in surveyed Reuma
Rank Local name Scien ti fic name Uses Purposes Regeneration No.
1 plsang Musa sp. food sale cultivated 49
timber,
5 randu Ceiba pentandra sale, subsistence cultivated 4
others
7 pisi tan (= kokosan) Lansium dubiwn Fru its sale, subsistence cultivated 3
10
Road
I~o, d
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 .5 50 55 60
Table 7. A full list of low storey plant species appeared in surveyed Kebon
Rank Local name Scientific name Uses Purposes Regeneration No.
1 plsang Musa sp. food Sale cultivated 24
2 hangjuang Cordyline /ruticosa Others S u bsisten ce cultivated 14
3 duren (=kadu) Durio zibethinus lVIurr. fru its Sale cuI ti vated 7
4 kacapi Sandoricum koetjape frui ts Sale, subsistence culti vated 5
5 lame Alstonia scholaris tim ber Sale cultivated 5
6 mahoni Swietenia mahagoni ti 111 bel' sale cultivated 5
7 tisuk Hibiscus macrophyllus timber Su bsistence cultivated 5
8 Aren (= kawung) Arenga pinnata [ru its Sale, subsistence cultivated 1\
9 ki sereuh Zizyphus mauritiana medicine Su bsistence Wild 2
10 mara Macaranga rhizinoides tim bel' Su bsistence cultivated 2
11 berenuk Crescentia cujete Rituals Su bsistence cui ti vated 1
12 cangkudu Morinda citri/olia medicine Su bsistence cui tivated 1
13 dukuh Lansium domesticum frui ts Sale, subsistence culti vated 1
[ru its,
14 kelapa Cocos nucipera Sale, su bsistence culti vated 1
timber
Table 8. A full list of up storey plant species appeared in surveyed Kebon kopi
Rank Local name Scientific name Uses Purposes Regeneration No.
1 sengon Paraserianthes falcataria timber sale cultivated 25
2 mara Nlacaranga rhizinoides timber subsistence cultivated 4
frui ts,
3 kelapa Cocos nuci/era sale, subsistence cultivated 2
timber
4 peuteuy Parkia speciosa Fruits sale, subsistence cultivated 2
5 Pisitan (=kokosan) Lansium dubium Fruits sale, subsistence cultivated 2
6 aren (=kawung) A renga pinnata Frui ts sale, su bsistence cultivated 1
7 sulangkar Leea indica rituals subsistence cultivated 1
8 Duren(=kadu) Durio zibethinus Murr. Frui ts sale cultivated 1
9 laban \fitex pubescens ti 111 ber subsistence cultivated 1
Table 9. A Full list of low storey plant species appeared in surveyed Kebon Kopi
Rank Local name Scien tific name Uses Purposes Regeneration No.
1 kopi Coffea sp. rood sale cultivated 97
2 plsang Musa sp. food sale cultivated 23
3 sengon Paraserianthes falcataria timber sale cultivated 3
cultivated &
4 Ki hiang Adenanthera pauonina timber su bsistence 2
wild
(Table 8). Paraserianthes falcataria was the major rihizonoides, Lansium dubium, Nlelochia umbellate, and
species, and accounted for 25 trees. All these 9 species Durio zibethinus Murr.. Compared with Kebon, trees
were majorly used as sel f-sufficien t ti m bers. planted in a Kebon Kopi had few species.
Table 9 shows that the majority of low storey were Concern ing the herbaceous plants in Kebon hopi, we
coffee sp., and accounted for the number of 97. Musa sp. Found 17 species (Table 3). Eight species of Curcuma
ranked second, and accounted for 23 (also see Fig. 9). domestica, Curcuma aurantiaca, Ipomoea sp., Zingiber
About 6 species followed thel11. They were Paraserianthes inflexum, A Locasia macmrrhiza, Oxalis barrelieri L.,
falcataria, Adenanthera pauomna, Macaranga cf Cynura crepidioides, and Kaempferia galanga were
Agrofol'csLry by Baduy Community in Banten province, Indonesia 27
Table 10. A full list of tree species and tree numbers in up and low storey
No. Local name Scientific name use' purpose Regeneration Ke Kp Ja Rm Total
1 scngon Paraserianthes falcataria timber sale cultivated 27 28 36 67 158
2 mahoni Swietenia mahagoni timber sale cultivated 5 14 46 65
subsistence,
3 kacapi Sandoricum koetjape fruit cultivated 22 16 38
sale
4 duren(=kadu) Durio zibethinus Murr. fruit sale cultivated 7 2 2 4 15
5 tisuk Hibiscus macrophyllus timbcr subsisLence cultivated 10 5 15
sale,
6 pisi tan (= kokosan) Lansium dubium fruit cultivated 4 3 3 10
subsistence
7 mara Macaranga rhizinoides timber subsistence cultivated 2 6 8
sale,
8 arcn (kawung) Arenga pinnata [rui L cultivated 4 I 2 7
su bsistence
timber, sale,
9 randu Ceiba pentandra cultivated 6 6
others su bsistence
sale,
10 peuteuy Parkia speciosa fruit cultivated 1 2 2 I 6
su bsistence
II lame Alstonia scholaris timber sale cui ti vated 5 5
12 nangka Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. fruit subsistence cultivated 2 2 4
sale,
13 kelapa Cocos nucifera fmit,timbcr cultivated I 2 3
subsistence
14 ki hiang Adenanthera pauonina timber su bsistence cultivated, wild 2 I 3
sale,
15 acaSla Acacia mangium timber cultivated 2 2
subsistence
16 cangcaratan Nauclea obtusa timber subsistence cultivated I I 2
17 tangki! Gnetum gnemon LINN. fl"Ui t su bsistence cultivated 2 2
18 asam Tamarindus indica L. fruit subsistence cuI ti va ted, wild 2 2
19 kaweni Mangifera odorata fruit subsistence cultivated I I 2
20 afrika Maesopsis eminii timber subsistence cultivated I 1 2
sale,
21 dukuh Lansium domesticum fruit cultivated I I 2
subsistence
22 waru Macaranga tanarius timber su bsistence cultivated 1 I
23 kedondong Spondias dulcis fruit subsistence cultivated I I
24 nanglm walanda Annona muricata L. fruit subsistence cultivated 1 I
25 bingglu Mangifera caesia fruit subsistence cultivated, wild 1 I
26 reungrang Eugenia sp. timber subsistence wild 1 I
27 laban Vitex pubescens timber subsistence cultivated I I
total 19 9 15 9 415
used as food. Five species of Mikania scandens, leader, who is considered as sacred) allowed the Baduy
Amorphophallus sp., Imperata cylindrical, Eupatorium to plant Albizia. The spccies was selected because it is
odoratum L., and Urena lobata were used as medicine. fast grOWll1g·, nitrogen-fixing, easily cultivated,
Three specIes of Eryngium foetidum, Phyllanthus provides for various household needs (such as firewood
niruri, and Histiopteris incisa were used in the ri tual. and building materials), as well as yielding a cash
income CSoerianegara & Lemmens, 1994).
5. Discussions Mahogany trees (Swietenia macrophylla & Swietenia
mahogani) originate in the Neotropics, but, like Teak,
5.1 A Biological richness with a majority of high have been cultivated in Central Java for hundreds of
commercial plants years. They are part of a highly complex community
Traditional agroforests in Baduy present a multi agro-forestry ecosystem that dominates the Central
layered forest with rich varieties of useful trees and Java landscape. The commercial importance of this
crops. In the surveyed plots, we found a total number species is insignificant as available quantities are small
of species accounting for 27 in the up storey and the (Ichwandi 2008).
low storey. Tree composition suggests a hig·h diversity Leguminous plants have been chosen to improve soil.
of tree species in Baduy agroforest. It is worth noting Agroforest in Baduy consist of a high biodiversity and
that a majority of timber trees in the up storey and a sustainable land management. However, agroforest
fruit trees in low storey. The plants taller than 4m becomes market orientated, planting with trces of high
majorly compose of timber and fruits. While, the commercial value, such as Albizia and Mahogany.
plants lower than 4m majorly compose of seedling of
wood and fruit trees, and herbaceous plants, banana 5.2 Preservation of social and cultural tradition
plants, and Noni trees. Religious ritual and ceremonies consist of a dispensable
It migh t suggest a tendency that the major purpose part of Bad uy indigenous people. A recen t research
of agroforest is to produce for cash income. The poor (Iskandar & Ellen 2000) also mentioned that the
people often planted trees to meet contingencies and as contribution of Albizia to conservation of swidden
a part of deliberate long-term strategies for saving and farming, which is considered by the Baduy to be central
security (Chambers & Leach 1987; Ichwandi 2008). identity.
Paraserianthes falcataria (Albizia), and Swietenia A total amount of 33 species of useful herbaceous
mahagoni (Mahogany) are two most important species plants, wild or cultivated were found in the surveyed
planted in the Baduy agroforests. A total number of plots (see table 3). Besides the introduction and
158 Albizia were found in up storey and low stOl·ey of the cultivation of cash crops and timbers (e.g. Albizia),
four surveyed plots. The total number of Mahogany traditional culturc and religious activities have been well
was 65. Recen t years, it sees an increasing trend of preserved through indigenous agroforestry practice.
Albizia plantation, and a shrink of Mahogany because
of marketing. 5.3 An environment-friendly way of forest management
Albizia and Mahogany are two most important Based on traditional beliefs, chemical fertilizers or
timber trees in Indonesia. Albizia is a multipurpose pesticide al·c not allowed to be used In Baduy
tree, used for a number of products and services. communities. Agroforest is structurally similar to the
Products from the spccies are foddcr, fuel, fiber and tropical forest ecosystem (Michon et. al 1983). Different
timber. Cattle can feed on the leaves. The wood is used from the modern high-yielding technological agrosystems,
for fuel and charcoal and for pulp production. It is forest seems less cared and con trolled in a traditional
suitable for light construction, handy crafts, cigar boxes, Baduy agroforest. Figs. 2, 4, 6, and 8 show the
veneer, matches, musical instruments, particleboards and horizontal distribution of up-storey trees or crops in
cabinets. Services provided from the species are erosion surveyed plots. From the figures, it is hard to read the
control, shade crop (e.g. coffee, cocoa, tea), reclamation regulation of planting distance. It is clear that
of mining land, nitrogen fixing, soil improvcment, and agroforests in Baduy were less managed, and thus less
as an ornamental tree (Budelman 1989). labor intensive.
Albizia was at first planted mainly in areas adjacent
the Baduy enclave during the 1980s to replace clove,
following the collapse of the clove market. By 1985, Pu 'un
(a hereditary spiritual leader, the highest community
Agroforcstry by Baduy Community in Banten province, Indonesia 29
~tHIJm