Power Supply (Charger) Project Report

Abstract
In the beginning, we have known the equipment which we need to build

power supply and their functions, then we have learned how the alternative
current changes and filters to become more likely to direct current by
fullwave rectification, next we have built the circuit in Multisim, after that
we have made the power supply practically. Finally, we have measured the
current and the input and the output voltages.
Introduction
a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to the correct
voltage, current and frequency to power the load. As a result, power
supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some
power supplies are separate standalone pieces of equipment, while
others are built into the load appliances that they power. (1)
A full wave rectifier is a circuit arrangement which makes use of both

half cycles of input alternating current (AC) and converts them to direct
current (DC). A half wave rectifier makes use of only one-half cycle of
the input alternating current. Thus, a full wave is much more efficient
(double) than a half wave rectifier. This process of converting both half
cycles of the input supply (alternating current) to direct current (DC) is
termed full wave rectification. (2)
Objectives
• Study the function of the transformer and its usage.
• Study the diode bridge and how it rectifies the current.
• Know how to filter the current and the use of capacitor and
regulator.
• Know the cycles of current through each element in the power
supply circuit.
Methodology
• Software
We have designed the circuit by MALTISEM program as shown in Fig. (1)
Fig. (1)
We have checked the input and output voltage and the current as it is
indicated in Fig. (2)
Fig. (2)
Then, the signal of the current is drawn by the Oscilloscope as shown in
Fig. (3)
Fig. (3)
Hardware Equipment:
• 1 Transformer
• 1 Brown THT board
• 1 Transformer
• 1 1000uF Capacitor
• 1 LM7805CT 5V 1A Voltage regulator
• 1 Bridge diode rectifier
• 1 USB connector
• 1 Breadboard
• DMM
• 220V AC Source power
• 2 140 capacitors.
• 1 LED
• 1 1kΩ resistor
• Some small wires
• Soldering Tin
• Solder
We have built the circuit on the breadboard as shown in Fig. (4) to check
that our drawn circuit in MULTISIM is reasonable.
Fig (4)
Procedures:
• Joining the input wires of the transformer with 220V AC
source.
• All the components of the circuit are soldered on the THT
board without connection.
• The two middle pins of the bridge rectifier are connected
with the output wires of the transformer.
• Poles of capacitor are connected in parallel with the
positive and negative poles of the bridge
• Positive pole of capacitor is connected with the input pin
of the voltage regulator and the negative pole with the
ground pin of the regulator.
• The two others capacitors are connected to the regulator as
well as the first capacitor.
• Connect the 1k ohm resistor with the output pin of the
regulator and connect the positive terminal of the LED to
the resistor and the negative terminal to the ground.
• The first pin of the USB connector from the left is
connected with the output of the regulated and the fourth
pin with the ground.
• Test your circuit and turn it on as shown in Fig. (5)
• Measure the potential difference before and after filtering
and rectifying.
• Measure the output current of the circuit.
Fig. (5)
Safety:
Don’t touch any devices “resistor, wires and transformer” when
the circuit is closed, and the source is turned on.
Results
The measured Actual Measured Differences

parameter By DMM By %
Multisim
VAC source 240V 220V 8.3
VAC 13V 13V 0

(o/p of transformer)
V (on the regulator) 5.04V 5V 0.8
I (in the load) 3.3mA 3.27mA 2.1
Discussions
• The output voltage of the full wave rectifier is not constant; it is
always pulsating. But this cannot be used in real life applications.
In other words, we desire a DC power supply with a constant output
voltage. In order to achieve a smooth and constant voltage a filter
with a capacitor or an inductor is used.
• There is a ripple factor and is a ratio of the residual AC component
to DC component in the output voltage. Ripple factor in a bridge
rectifier is half than that of a half wave rectifier. (2)
• We should differentiate and know the poles of the components to
avoid damaging them.
• To figure out the output of the transformer, test the continuity.
Recommendations
• Try to be aware and well-warned when you solder and connect
the components to avoid making short circuits.
Conclusion
The main function of full wave rectifier is to convert an AC into DC.
As the name implies, this rectifier rectifies both the half cycles of the
i/p AC signal, but the DC signal acquired at the o/p still have some
waves. To decrease these waves at the o/p the capacitor used as a filter.
(3)
And efficiency is double for a full wave bridge rectifier. The reason
is that, a half wave rectifier makes use of only one half of the input
signal. A bridge rectifier makes use of halves and hence double
efficiency. (4)
References
(1) en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/power-supply
(2) www.circuitstoday.com
(3) www.elprocus.com
(4) Bridge-full-wave-rectifier-.pdf www.google.com

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Power Supply (Charger) Project Report

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Abstract

In the beginning, we have known the equipment which we need to build

A full wave rectifier is a circuit arrangement which makes use of both

The measured Actual Measured Differences

VAC 13V 13V 0

V (on the regulator) 5.04V 5V 0.8

I (in the load) 3.3mA 3.27mA 2.1

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