Agrikultura # 2 Kunukito Di Kas I Di Bario, Prepara Bo Tera (Otrobanda)

Fertilizers 11/19/2018
Health Conscious Agriculture

Soil & Fertilizers
Fasilitá pa Reinald Leito

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -
+59995606469
19 November 2018
Health conscious Agriculture

Soil & Fertilizers
Fasilitá pa Reinald Leito

+59995606469
19 November 2018
Fo'i bo kurá pa bo tayó!
Fo'i bo kurá pa bo tayó! - Reinald Leito -

11/19/2018
+59995606469
Fasilita pa Reinald Leito +5999 5606469

piesapabo@gmail.com 1

Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
• Clay
• Sandy
• Silty
• Peaty
• Chalky
• Loamy

19 November 2018
+59995606469

Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
• Clay
• Clay is a finely-grained natural rock or soil material
that combines one or more clay minerals with
possible traces of quartz, metal oxides and organic
matter. Geologic clay deposits are mostly composed
of phyllosilicate minerals containing variable
amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure

19 November 2018
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Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
•
• Clay soil
• Feels lumpy and sticky when very wet
• Rock-hard when dry
• Clay drains poorly
• Few air spaces
• Warms slowly in spring
• Heavy to cultivate
• If drainage is improved, plants grow well as it holds
more nutrients than many other soils

19 November 2018
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Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
• Sandy
• Sand is a granular material composed of finely
divided rock and mineral particles. It is defined by
size, being finer than gravel and coarser than silt.
Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil
type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent
sand-sized particles by mass.

19 November 2018
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Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
• Sandy soil
• Free-draining soil
• Gritty to the touch
• Warms up quickly in spring
• Easy to cultivate
• Dries out rapidly
• May lack nutrients, which are easily washed through the
soil in wet weather (often called a "hungry" soil.)

19 November 2018
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Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
• Silty
• Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay,

whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. Silt may
occur as a soil or as sediment mixed in suspension with
water and soil in a body of water such as a river. It may
also exist as soil deposited at the bottom of a water
body, like mudflows from landslides

19 November 2018
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Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
• Silty soil
• Smooth and soapy to the touch
• Well-drained soil
• Retains moisture
• Richer in nutrients (more fertile) than sandy soil
• Easier to cultivate than clay
• Heavier than sand
• Soil structure is weak and easily compacted
• A very good soil if well managed

19 November 2018
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Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
• Peaty
• Peat, also known as turf, is an accumulation of

partially decayed vegetation or organic matter. It is
unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs,
mires, moors, or muskegs.

19 November 2018
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Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
• Peaty soil
• Contains a much higher proportion of organic matter (peat)
because the soil’s acidic nature inhibits decomposition
• But this means there are few nutrients
• Dark in color
• Warms up quickly in spring
• Highly water retentive and may require drainage if the water
table is near the surface
• Fantastic for plant growth if fertilizer is added

19 November 2018
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Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
• Loamy
• Loam is soil composed mostly of sand, silt, and a

smaller amount of clay. By weight, its mineral
composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of
sand-silt-clay, respectively.

19 November 2018
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Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
• Loamy soil
• The perfect soil
• Good structure
• Drains well
• Retains moisture
• Full of nutrients
• Easy to cultivate
• Warms up quickly in spring and doesn’t dry out in summer
• Consider yourself very lucky if you have this soil
19 November 2018
+59995606469

Tipo di tera
• Tipo di Tera:
• Chalky or lime-rich soils may be light or heavy but are

largely made up of calcium carbonate and are very
alkaline (they have a pH of 7.1-8.0) If soil froths when
placed in a jar of vinegar, then it contains free calcium
carbonate (chalk) or limestone and is lime rich.
19 November 2018
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19 November 2018
+59995606469

11/19/2018
+59995606469
Tera
Strutura di Tera
19 November 2018
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Tera
• Tera ta e resultado di interakshon di
tantu komponentenan orgániko
komo no-orgániko durante
transkurso di tempu.
• E funshon ku mas nos ta tene
kuenta kuné ta loke tera ta nifiká
pa vegetashon.
• Tera tin un funshon tambe den e
proseso mikrobiológiko.
Humus

19 November 2018
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Vitamina i Mineral
VITAMINANAN PA E BERDURA KRESE

19 November 2018
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Vitamina i Mineral
• Nitrógeno: ta yuda e desaroyo di stèk i blachinan; si e ta falta esei, e blachinan ta
bira hel.
Nitrógeno ta bin den forma di salu òf kristal blanku.

19 November 2018
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Vitamina i Mineral
• Fósforo: ta stimulá kresementu di rais i parti re-produktivo di e mata, su
defisiensia ta hasi e blachinan bira kòrá òf lila.

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Vitamina i Mineral
• Potasio: ta yuda mantené e kalidat di e fruta; falta di esaki ta produsi un efekto di
kimamento den e blachinan.

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Vitamina i Mineral
• Kalki: ta mantené e ekilibrio di tur e vitaminanan. Por bin manera
Cal Agríkola.

19 November 2018
+59995606469

Vitamina i Mineral
• Magnesio: ta yuda produsi e klorofila i karbohidrato den e mata; si e ta di menos e
blachinan di e parti abou ta kuminsa bira hel.

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Vitamina i Mineral
• Azufre: ta yuda e mata hala rosea; falta di esaki ta produsi blachinan hel na parti
ariba dje planchi.

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Vitamina i Mineral
• pH: ta e grado di zür òf alkalino (basic) ku ta hasi
mayor òf menor e disponibilidat di kada sorto di
vitamina.
• E grado di pH ta for di 1 te ku 10, mas abou di 6.7 ta
zür, mas ariba di 6.7 ta alkalino.
• E punto optimal pa e bèrduranan krese mihó ta 6 pa 7.
• Na Kòrsou apesar ku e kalki di laman ta haltu riba e
tereno, ta mihó aplika kalki agríkola, ya ku esaki ta
esun ku ta reakshona ku e mata, no esun di laman.
19 November 2018
+59995606469

Vitamina i Mineral

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Vitaminanan kímiko:
• Natural i/òf kímiko

• Vitaminanan kímiko:

19 November 2018
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• Tin diferente fórmula riba merkado;

• nan ta indika e porsentahe di Macronutriente di:
• Nitrógeno, Fòsfòr i Potasio, ademas e sobra porsentahe ta
micronutriente:
• N–P–K
• 20 – 20 – 20
• Ta nifiká ku tin:
– 20% di Nitrógeno (N),
– 20% di Fòsfòr (P),
– 20% di Potasio (K)
• e 40 % restante tin otro vitaminanan (micronutrientes).

19 November 2018
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• E vitamina artifisial por ser apliká dor di disolve den

awa, òf pone rònt di e mata.
• NITROGENO (N)
• (stikstof den forma di salu o kristal blanku)
• Despues di kada kosecha tera ta keda kasi sin
nitrógeno.
• P’esei ta bon pa uza materia orgánika, p.e. (mèst di
bestia, entre otro di galiña, kabritu) i tambe UREA
46%.
19 November 2018
+59995606469
• UREA 46%: ta un fertilisante artifisial.

• E ta kontené 46% di NITROGENO ku ta bini den forma di salu
of kristal blanku.
• Ta sirbi spesialmente pa kultivá bèrdura di blachi (warmus,
spinashi, amsoi, etc.)
• Ta hasi koló di blachi mas bunita.
• NO tin hopi efekto riba simia, flor óf fruta.

19 November 2018
+59995606469
• Ferlilizers granula
• Afec 15-15-15
• Afec 12-08-16+micro elementos
• UREA 46-00-00
• Sulph of pot.00-00-50
• Triple super phospate 00-46-00
• Palm Spacial 12-04-12
• Fruit Tree 08-03-09 50 lbs
• Fertilizer with sulfate in for acid soil 08-12-12
• Epsotop (magnesium +sulfur)
• Lawn fertilizer(pa yerba) 16-02-08
19 November 2018
+59995606469

• Floliar ferlilizers(soluble)
• 20-20-20 Growth
• 10-30-20 flowering

19 November 2018
+59995606469
• UREA 46% por pèrdè su efekto ora:

• tin muchu humedat.
• tin hopi áwaseru.
• stroi e riba tera.

19 November 2018
+59995606469
• Pa evitá pèrdida di su efekto, mester tuma e siguiente

medidanan:
• Dera e urea
• Muha e tera despues ku a der’é.
• Uza urea un siman promé ku planta.
• ATENSHON!!!!! No mester uza UREA 46% riba blachi, pasobra e

ta kima e mata!
• Mester apliké promé ku pasa mashin di plug!

19 November 2018
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• FOSFOR (P)
• Fosfor ta:
• Nesesario pa kresementu di mata.
• Kompletá siklo di produkshon di mata.
• Promové formashon tempran di hopi rais .
• Yuda produsí bunita fruta i simia grandi.
• Yuda pa oumentá resistensia kontra malesa.
• Yuda fruta hecha.

19 November 2018
+59995606469
• POTASIO (KALIUM)
• Kalium ta yuda mata:
• Mehorá e frutanan
• Resistí kontra kalor (sekura)
• Probechá bon di awa.

19 November 2018
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19 November 2018
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Desert – Woestijn - Desierto

11/19/2018
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19 November 2018
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19 November 2018
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Mulching

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Mulching
• 1. Mulch Gets Plants Through Weather Extremes.
• 2. Mulch Keeps Soil Moist Longer.
• 3. Mulch Keeps Down Weeds.
• 4. Mulch Keeps Plants Clean.
• 5. Mulch Becomes Valuable Humus.

19 November 2018
+59995606469
• Benefits of Mulching
• Mulching puts nutrients back into the soil.
• When done correctly, mulching returns about 4%
nitrogen(N),
• 2% potassium(P), and 1% phosphorus(K). Those are the same
three nutrients contained in virtually every fertilizer. In
essence, mulching can feed your lawn 25% of its total
nutritional needs for the year, which is enough to cut out one
entire fertilizer treatment.
• Mulching also saves time, labor, and money. You don’t have
to rake up grass or leaves, you can buy less fertilizer, and it’s
less trash for the dump truck to haul away.
19 November 2018
+59995606469

Mulching

11/19/2018
+59995606469

Mulching

19 November 2018
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Mulching
Moringa as Mulch Moriga as Fertilizer

• Use 3-4 Small Fresh Moringa branches
with stems removed. Add a little water
and put into a blender. Mix and strain
through a cloth. Add strained liquid to 3
litres of water and use as a liquid Moringa
fertiliser or a Moringa foliar spray.
• Liquid Moringa Fertiliser goes off within a
couple days so make sure you use it as
fresh as possible.

19 November 2018
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19 November 2018
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Advantages
Improves soil structure

Increases water holding capacity and
Decreases soil loss by erosion

19 November 2018
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Plant Scientific name Nutrient content (%) on air dry basis
N P2O5 K
Sunhemp Crotalaria juncea 2.3 0.5 1.8
Dhaincha Sesbania aculeata 3.5 0.6 1.2
Sesbania Sesbania speciosa 2.71 0.53 2.21

19 November 2018
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Tumba rabu

19 November 2018
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Advantages of Green leaf manure:

• Green manuring improves soil structure, increases
water holding capacity and decreases soil loss by
erosion.
• Growing of green manure crops in the off season
reduces weed proliferation and weed growth.
• Green manuring helps in reclamation of alkaline
soils.
• Root knot nematodes can be controlled by green
manuring.
19 November 2018
+59995606469
Green Manure Crops
SUNNHEMP WILD INDIGO

(Crotalaria juncea) (Tephrosia purpurea)

19 November 2018
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Nutrient content of green leaf manure
Plant Scientific name Nutrient content (%) on air dry basis

N P2O5 K
Mata Raton Gliricidia sepium 2.76 0.28 4.6
Pongania Pongamia glabra 3.31 0.44 2.39
Neem Azadirachta indica 2.83 0.28 0.35
Flamboyan Delonix regia 2.76 0.46 0.5
Peltophorum Peltophorum ferrugenum 2.63 0.37 0.5
Weeds
Basora di Liber Parthenium hysterophorus 2.68 0.68 1.45
Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes 3.01 0.9 0.15
Bebe di Porko Trianthema portulacastrum 2.64 0.43 1.3
Flor di Pasku Ipomoea 2.01 0.33 0.4
Katuna di seda Calotropis gigantea 2.06 0.54 0.31
Trommelstok Cassia fistula 1.6 0.24 1.2
19 November 2018
+59995606469
Humus
• Humus: ta e kapa di tera orgániko,
di koló skur. E koló ta debí na e nivel haltu di
karbon.
• Humus:
• Ta yuda pa fòsfòr i potasio ta disponibel pa
rais di mata I palunan.
• Ta mehorá e proseso di nutrishon i
di apsorbashon kímiko di tera i
tambe di mata. California Red wiggler
• Ta e produktor di e “mikrorizas”
presentenan den e wortelnan.

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Kòmpòst
Vitamina natural
• Konvershon ku oksígeno
• Aeróbiko = proseso di oksidashon
• Tempu largu (8 luna te 1 aña)
• Temperatura haltu (50 pa 70 grado)
• Hopi gas dañino, e.o. CO2 i metano
• Hopi redukshon di volumen dor di oksidashon
• Pèrdida di nutriente
• Poko mikro-organismo bibu
19 November 2018
+59995606469

Kòmpòst
Vitamina natural
• Material:
• Mèst di: baka, kabai, porko, kabritu, karné, galiña, konènchi,
para
• Resto vegetal: Kaska di fruta i/òf berdura
• Fruta i/òf berdura ku ta bieu
• Blachi di palu i mata
• Shushi di kurá
• Otro: Papel di korant i/òf karton; deseshonan di laman (lima)
• Sas di palu, kaska di aros, koko
19 November 2018
+59995606469
Kòmpòst
Vitamina natural
 ta mehorá tera, dor ku e ta yuda baha e nivel di klei den tera,
 e ta yuda pa wanta awa den tera pa e haarwortel di e rais di palu i matanan por
chupa e vitamina ku nan mester pa por biba, krese i desaroyá,
 e ta kibra e dureza di e tera,
 e por rende 2 biaha su mes kantidat
• Usonan:
- Agrikultura
- Tuin
- Kontrol di eroshon
- Kubrimentu di suela

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Kòmpòst
Vitamina natural

19 November 2018
+59995606469

Kòmpòst
Vitamina natural

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Kòmpòst
Vitamina natural

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Bokashi
• Bokashi is a Japanese word meaning
• “fermented organic matter”

11/19/2018
+59995606469

Bokashi
• Konvershon sin oksígeno
• An-aeróbiko = proseso di fermentashon
• Tempu kòrtiku (5 pa 6 siman)
• Temperatura abou
• Tiki gas dañino
• Poko redukshon di volume dor di fèrmentashon
• Mantenshon di nutriente i produkshon di
supstansia bio-aktivo nobo
• Hopi mikro-organismo bibu dor di multiplikashon lihé

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Bokashi
• Bokashi ta pèrkura pa:
• Anti-oksidante
• Vitamina
• Enzima
• Hormona pa kresementu
• Amino ásido
• Diversidat mikrobial i mas aktividat
• Proseso di desintoksifikashon

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Bokashi
• Fresh fruit
• Vegetables
• Coffee grinds
• Tea bags, etc
• Wilted flowers
• Tissue paper

19 November 2018
+59995606469

The Garden Bokashi

• This liquid contains nutrients from
the food organics and is alive with
EM.
• To fertilize an existing garden or
house plants:
• Use 1 teaspoon to 2-3 liters of
water and apply directly to the soil.
For trees and shrubs:
• Use 2 teaspoons to 2-3 liters of
water.
• Do not apply directly to foliage.

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Bokashi Liquid

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Bokashi
Household
Pour the concentrated liquid

directly into your kitchen and
bathroom drains, toilets or
septic system.
The EM will help to prevent

algae build-up and control
odors.
19 November 2018
+59995606469

Bokashi
Bokashi ta kambia e
struktura di suela i mester
di tiki pa un bon kosecha.

19 November 2018
+59995606469
Anatomia di Simia
Heirloom – Hybrid - GMO

11/19/2018
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Anatomia di Simia
Damping-Off

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Anatomia di Simia
Damping-Off

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Anatomia di Simia

11/19/2018
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Traha bo mes tera

Partinan igual di: • Sera pa 2 siman den un
• Tera di bo kurá saku pretu òf tapa den
• Mèrs di Baka, mitar barí
kabritu/Karne o Kabai • E meskla mester ta
• Tera stranhero húmedo
“Potgrond”
• Blachi di Mata Raton
Fo'i bo kurá pa bo tayó! - Reinald Leito +5999-

03/01/2016
5606469

1 gallon bucket 5 gallon bucket

03/01/2016
5606469
Traha bo mes tera

Partinan igual di: • Sera pa 2 siman den un
• Tera di bo kurá saku pretu òf tapa den
• Mèrs di Baka, mitar barí
kabritu/Karne o Kabai • E meskla mester ta
• Tera stranhero húmedo
“Potgrond”
• Blachi di ......................

03/01/2016
5606469
Traha bo mes tera

Partinan igual di:
• Tera di bo kurá • Sera pa 2 siman den un
• Mèrs di Baka, kabritu/Karne saku pretu òf tapa den
o Kabai mitar barí
• Tera stranhero “Potgrond” • E meskla mester ta húmedo
• Blachi di ............
• Yerba bèrdè i Yerba suku

03/01/2016
5606469

Traha bo mes tera

Partinan igual di: • Spùit ku Microferm òf
• Tera di bo kurá EM aktivá
• Mèrs di Baka, kabritu/Karne • Por meskla kleimineraal
o Kabai
òf Mestbest
• Tera stranhero “Potgrond”
• Sera pa 2 siman den un
• Perlite 1/4
saku pretu òf tapa den
• Vermiculite 1/4
mitar barí
• Kaska di Aros ½*
• E meskla mester ta
húmedo
03/01/2016
5606469
Health Conscious Agriculture
Danki!
Reinald Leito – +59995606469 - +59996703735
19 November
2018
+59995606469


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Fertilizers 11/19/2018

Health Conscious Agriculture

Fasilitá pa Reinald Leito

Health conscious Agriculture

Fasilitá pa Reinald Leito

Fo'i bo kurá pa bo tayó!

Fo'i bo kurá pa bo tayó! - Reinald Leito -

Fasilita pa Reinald Leito +5999 5606469

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Fasilita pa Reinald Leito +5999 5606469

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

• Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay,

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Fasilita pa Reinald Leito +5999 5606469

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

• Peat, also known as turf, is an accumulation of

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Fasilita pa Reinald Leito +5999 5606469

Health conscious Agriculture

• Loam is soil composed mostly of sand, silt, and a

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture

• Chalky or lime-rich soils may be light or heavy but are

Fasilita pa Reinald Leito +5999 5606469

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Fo'i bo kurá pa bo tayó!

Fo'i bo kurá pa bo tayó! - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

Fasilita pa Reinald Leito +5999 5606469

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Fasilita pa Reinald Leito +5999 5606469

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Health conscious Agriculture

Health conscious Agriculture - Reinald Leito -

Fasilita pa Reinald Leito +5999 5606469