CRITICAL READING: CORNELL NOTES

Chapter 21/22a Name: Marcos White

Date:2/29/21
Section: Period:6
Questions/Main
Ideas/Vocabulary Notes/Answers/Definitions/Examples/Sentences
Roosevelt “civilized”, and “civilized nations could intervene in “uncivilized” nations.
“uncivilized” nations
Japan and Russia fight in the Japan humiliates Russia with a superior Navy.
Russo-Japanese War (1905) Japan secretly asks TR to help reach peace agreement.
- Wins Nobel Peace Prize in 1906
1906 San Francisco school Tensions between the US and Japan mount.
Board segregates Asian
students
TR and Japan reach Japan would stop immigrants from coming to the US by withholding
“Gentlemen’s Agreement” passports.
Yet another example of nativism.
Roosevelt Corollary to the Germany and Britain have a lot of $$ owed to them by LA countries.
Monroe Doctrine - TR feared they would become involved, violating the Monroe
Doctrine. His response??
Roosevelt Corollary
- In future financial instances, US would intervene, pay off debts.
Impact of Corollary?
- US now more involved in LA
- Resentment from many in LA.
Panama Canal Canal vital to US interests
- Cut down travel time for shipping and military.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901
- Gave US right to build canal and right to fortify it.
Columbia (then controlled Panama) rejected treaty to give US right to
build canal.
November 3, 1901 Rebellion starts in Panama (influenced by US)
Dollar Diplomacy Wall Street bankers encourage to invest in areas of strategic concerns to
the US.
Helped other countries, while made $ for US
Wilson and Mexico US had many financial interests in Mexico.
Mexico saw a series of leaders during a revolution beginning in 1910.
“Pancho” Villa
- Planned his own rebellion.
- Furious at Wilson for abandoning him.
- Killed dozens of Americans.
- General John Pershing crossed into Mexico, never caught Villa.
Allied Powers Britain, France, and Russia
Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Austria-Hungary
Causes of WWI M ilitarism
A lliances
I mperialism
N ationalism
Archduke Franz Ferdinand This was the first event of a series that led to the start of WWI
was killed on June 28 1914
Wilson urged neutrality at The US traded significantly with Britain and France which ruined their
the start spoken “Neutral” position.
Unrestricted submarine Germany sank all enemy ships.
warfare Lusitania: 128 Americans died.
Sussex: French ship sank by Germany, leads to…
- Sussex Pledge: Germany pledged to not sink ships without a
warning first.
Election of 1916 “He kept us out of war”
Zimmermann Telegram Germany urged Mexico to attack US, Mexico would get land back from
US.
The note, along with Germany re-instituting unrestricted submarine
warfare, brought the US into the War
April 2, 1917, Wilson asked US now officially enters WWI
for declaration of War
Russia withdrew in 1918: Gave up significant amount of land
National draft instituted (1st 3 million men
time since Civil War) 2 million volunteered
5 million in America Expeditionary Force (AEF)
400,000 African Americans Hoped to improve status
enlist
Trench warfare “No-man’s land”
Poisonous gas
Flamethrowers
How was the war financed? “Liberty Bonds”
Income taxes – thanks 16th amendment
Herbert Hoover Relied on volunteering and rationing
National War Labor Board Resolved labor duties
Unions WWI (Industrial Workers of the World)
- Nicknamed “I won’t work”, sabotaged factories
AFL
- Led by Samuel Gompers, favored the war
- Membership increases
“Great Migration” Mass movement of African Americans from the South to the industrial
North (NY, Chicago, Cleveland)
Red Summer Race riots of 1919
Committee on Public Info George Creel- pro-war material.
(CPI) “4-minute men”
Promoted self-censorship.
Espionage Act of 1917 Prosecuted anti-war individuals.
Upheld by Schenck v. US (1919)
Eugene V. Debs (again 1 person) convicted and sentenced to ten years
Sedition Act of 1918 Strengthened the espionage Act.
Restricted free speech and ability to criticize government
Immigrants were most often German Americans
targeted “Liberty cabbage”
African Americans did not Banned from parades in Europe
gain rights after fighting
“Red Scare” of 1919-20 (1st Crusade led by Attorney General Mitchell Palmer against suspected
Red Scare) communists.
Thousands of Americans were arrested.
- 3 guns discovered
Impact of Red Scare
 - Business people used it to help break unions.
Sacco and Vanzetti Two Italian immigrants (anarchists, atheists, draft dodgers) charged with
murder, found guilty and executed.
Showed Tensions between immigrants ad nativists.
Election of 1920 Push to “return to normalcy”
Summary: This whole chapter revolved around World War 1. It began with Roosevelt leading the US in
a downhill spiral of intervening with other nations. Roosevelt felt that “civilized” nations could intervene
with “uncivilized nations”. Then the causes of World Wars were discussed. It showed how easy it is for
one problem involving a small country to turn into a World War. This was shown with World War 1.
America wanted to stay neutral, but allies, money, and power forced their hands. The War changed
America with the draft causing most women to work blue collar jobs. The America made many promises
to the people, but in turn did not hold up. Red Scare was an act made to silence and tri communists that
they felt had too much influence.