CMT Pile Foundation

CONSTRUCTIONAL SPECIFICATION REPORT
Course Title : Construction Method and Technology
Course Code : CM 774
Semester : 1st. Programme : MBA CPM
Submitted to: Prof. Taqdees Anjum

Submitted by : Abhishek Singh Rana
(A13559019027)
1
List of Contents
1. Construction specification of Pile Foundation……………………………..03

1.1 Objective……………………………………………………………………………….03
2. Types of Pile Foundation……………………………………………………….04 – 06
2.1 Based on Function or use…………………………………………………04 - 05
2.2 Based on Material and Construction Method………………….05 – 06
3. Construction procedure for piling…………………………………………..06 – 07
4. Test to be conducted for pile foundation………………………………..07 - 08
2
1. Construction specification of Pile Foundation:
1.1 Objective:
Pile foundations are used to transfer the loads from high rise building,
through weak, compressible, water on stronger more compact less
compressible and stiffer soil or rocks at depth, increasing the effective size
of a Foundation and resisting building loads. They are typically used for
large structures and in situations where soil is not at all suitable to prevent
excessive settlemnt.
IN THIS REPORT THE DETAILED SPECIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION IS DISCUSSED
Pile Foundation
Pile Foundation is slender or long column that is constructed by the materials

like reinforced steel or concrete.It is the type of deep foundation that is used
to support the structure and transfer the load at desired depth either by
bearing or maybe skin friction.
3
2 Types of Pile Foundation:
Pile foundations can be classified based on function or use materials and

construction etc.
Following are the types of pile foundation used in construction:
2.1 Based on Function or Use
 Sheet Piles
Sheet piles are mostly used to provide lateral support. Usually, they
resist lateral pressure from loose soil, the flow of water, etc. They are
usually used for cofferdams, trench sheeting, shore protection, etc.
They are not used for providing vertical support to the structure.
 Load Bearing Piles
Load Bearing Pile is mainly used to transfer the vertical loads from the
structure to the soil. These foundations transmit weights through the
soil with poor supporting property on a layer which is capable of bearing
the load
 End Bearing Piles
In End Bearing Piles the loads pass through the lower tip of the pile and
the bottom end of the pile rests on strong layer of rock or soil. Usually
the pile rests at a transition layer of a weak and strong slayer. As a result
the pile act as a column and safely transfers the load to a strong layer.
 Friction Piles
This type of pile transfers the load from the structure to the soil by
frictional force between the surface of pile and soil surrounding the pile
such as sandy soil, stiff clay etc. In friction pile generally the entire
surface of pile works to transfer the loads from the structure to the soil.
4
 Soil Compactor Piles
Soil Compactor piles are driven at placed closed intervals to

increase the bearing capacity of soil by compacting.
2.2 Based on Materials and Construction Method
 Timber Piles
These Piles are placed under the water level and they last for
approximately about 30 years. They can be rectangular or circular
in shape and their size or diametre can vary from 12 to 16 inches.
Timber piles can be cut off at any wanted length after their
installation. If needed timber piles can be easily pulled out.
 Concrete Piles
The Concrete pile is cast in pile bed in the horizontal form if they

are rectangular in shape. Usually the circular piles are cast in
vertical forms. After the piles are cast curing has to be performed
as per specification. It provides higher resistance to chemical and
biological cracks and they are usually of high power.
 Steel Piles
This type of piles may be of I-section or hollow pipe. They are

filled with concrete. It’s size may vary from 10 inches to 24 inches
in diameter and thickness is usually ¾ inches. Because of the small
sectional area the piles are easy to drive. They are easy to install
and they can reach at greater depth comparing to any other type
of pile.
 Composite Piles
Composite Piles are those piles of two different materials that are

driven one over the other so as to enable them to act together to
perform a function of a single pile. In such a combination,
advantage is taken of good qualities of both the materials.
5
The following diagram is representing pile foundation types discussed above.
3. Construction Procedure for Piling:

 Setting Out
The first step is no doubt the most important for carrying out piling
and i.e. setting out. Generally a licensed Surveyor hired by the
contractor will set up positions of the piles which is shown in the
pile layout plans of the detailed designs showing the Easting and
Northing of the center of each pile along with diameters etc.
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 Excavation
The excavation of boring of the pile is carried out by Auger

method of conventional precaution boring or boring. In Auger cast
piling procedure a continuous flight auger drill is used to excavate
hole by screwing a hollow shaft auger into the depth of at least
equal to length of the pile.
 Placement of Reinforcement
The reinforcement i.e. used in pile foundation includes vertical

main bars of 11 diameters with the spiral of lower diameter
reinforcement for providing shear and avoiding the buckling
failure in the pile foundation. The reinforcement bending
schedules are first properly prepared by the contractor and than
that is submitted to the Engineer for approval.
 Concreting
This method uses vertical pipe through which concrete is placed

by gravity feed blow water level. The lower end of the tremie pipe
is kept immersed in fresh concrete so that concrete that is rising
from the bottom displaces the under ground water.
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4. Test to be conducted for Pile Foudation
 Dynamic Load Test
The strength of each pile must fulfill the structural and technical
limits for safe foundation to perform as required. Pile load test is a
direct method of determining the ultimate geotechnical capacity
of pile. Dynamic load testing with the motive of Pile Dynamic
Analyzer is a fast and reliable way to evaluate the bearing capacity
of the pile.
 Static Load Test
Like dynamic load test a Static Load Test can be done to evaluate
the bearing capacity of the pile. In the Static Load Test the test
load will be applied by hydraulic jacking against concrete blocks
with the load being measured by certified pressure gauges on the
selected pile. The pile settlement will be recorded by means of
dial gauges registering against a reference beam optical level may
be used to confirm the readings. The parametres for defining the
load of the piles will be but not limited to the following:
The load at which settlement continues to increase without any

further increase of load and the load beyond which there is an
increase in overall settlement not proportionate to the increase in
load.
 Pile Integrity Test
The Pile Integrity test is an essential part of quality control in

either pre-cast concrete or cast-in-place. This is because the
possible structural defects from pile installation such as changes in
cross-sections, cracks and be detected by the use of this method.
Standard procedure of Pile Integrity test has been in accordance
with ASTM D5882.
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References
https://civiltoday.com/geotechnical-engineering/foundation-
engineering/deep-foundation/176-pile-foundation-definition-types
https://civilseek.com/pile-foundation/
https://www.pipesteelchina.com/metal-pipes/pile-
foundations.html
https://civildigital.com/pile-foundation-classification-of-pile-
foundations-pile-installation-methods/

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CONSTRUCTIONAL SPECIFICATION REPORT

Course Title : Construction Method and Technology

Course Code : CM 774

Semester : 1st. Programme : MBA CPM

Submitted to: Prof. Taqdees Anjum

1. Construction specification of Pile Foundation……………………………..03

IN THIS REPORT THE DETAILED SPECIFICATION OF PILE FOUNDATION IS DISCUSSED

Pile Foundation is slender or long column that is constructed by the materials

Pile foundations can be classified based on function or use materials and

2.1 Based on Function or Use

 Load Bearing Piles

 End Bearing Piles

Soil Compactor piles are driven at placed closed intervals to

2.2 Based on Materials and Construction Method

The Concrete pile is cast in pile bed in the horizontal form if they

This type of piles may be of I-section or hollow pipe. They are

Composite Piles are those piles of two different materials that are

3. Construction Procedure for Piling:

The excavation of boring of the pile is carried out by Auger

The reinforcement i.e. used in pile foundation includes vertical

This method uses vertical pipe through which concrete is placed

 Dynamic Load Test

 Static Load Test

The load at which settlement continues to increase without any

 Pile Integrity Test

The Pile Integrity test is an essential part of quality control in

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