Unit-1-Construction-Technology-NEW-NEW2 Kenanao
Unit-1-Construction-Technology-NEW-NEW2 Kenanao
Unit-1-Construction-Technology-NEW-NEW2 Kenanao
Revision Guide
Sub structures and Super structures
Super structure
Sub structure
(Foundations)
2
Thermal Insulation
Thermal insulation helps to prevent heat loss from a building,
reduce energy costs and maintain a low U-Value.
3 Types of thermal insulation
1:Sheep’s wool 2:Mineral wool 3:Foam
4. Plasterboard
1. Strip-
3. Raft-
4. Piled-
7
Strip Foundations
Strip-
Key points to remember:
Advantages:
• Cheap
• Brick laying needed
Disadvantages:
• Takes longer
• Dangerous as banks could
collapse
• Will need trench support
Wide but not deep
8
Deep strip Foundations
Advantages:
• Quicker
• Less chance of bank collapsing
Disadvantages:
• Expensive
• No brick and block laying
needed
• Bad for environment
Raft:
Key points to remember:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Expensive to build
• Can crack at weak point
Different thickness
of concrete
10
Piled Foundations
Piled:
Key points to remember:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Expensive to build
• Very noisy when drilling down
11
Cross Section of the Substructure
DPC Insulation Floor
Block Insulation
Screed
work
Brick
work
DPM
Ground
Level Sand
Blinding
Concrete
Trench
Cavity block
Hardcore
fill
Metal Strip
reinforcement foundation
bar
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Substructure- What can you remember?!
0 /15
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Example sketches of the substructure
- Below are examples of sketches that would achieve full marks in the exam:
14
Practice sketches of the substructure
- Sketch and annotate a diagram of a cross section through the following sub
structure features:
Masonry cavity wall Strip foundation up to DPC
15
SUPERSTRUCTURES-
16
Walls-Most external walls are built using –
Bricks and blocks Timber frames
(Masonry) OR
18
Cavity Walls
Please draw the following cavity walls and label the components using
correct architectural symbols.
19
Why use a Cavity in construction?
Partial
Filled Cavity
wall tie
Catnic lintel
window or door
glass
frame
Concrete Lintels
To support the weight above a door, window or opening
22
SIP’s - Structural Insulated Panels
• These can be used as an alternative to brick and block
walls
Advantages: Disadvantages:
1. Light so less concrete required in 1. Made from wood so could rot or
foundations catch fire
2. They come pre-insulated so less time 2. Will need to apply a finish e.g
wasted on fitting insulation after render, brickwork or cladding
23
Floors
Ground Floors
• Solid
• Suspended
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Solid Floor
Solid Floor
Advantages: Disadvantages:
25
Suspended Floor
Suspended Floor:
A suspended floor is one that is
suspended above the ground.
It rests on beams spanning
between supporting walls.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
1. Quick to construct
1. More expensive
2. Can be laid in any weather
2. Requires machinery to lift
heavy beams
3. Reduces the load to the
foundation
26
Types of suspended floors
• Advantages: Light, easy to
work with, cheap
Timber joists
• Disadvantages: Not as
strong, takes longer to build
• Disadvantages: Expensive,
requires a crane to lift them.
3. Look nice
Pitched roof
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Flat roof
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Holds water
No storage space
Requires high maintenance
30
Cross section through the entire Super Structure
Common Ridge Tile
Rafter
Insulation
Roof Tiles
Ceiling
Joists
Floor
Joists
Insulation
Super Structure- What can you remember?
/13
Practice sketches of the superstructure
- Below are examples of sketches that would achieve full marks in the exam:
33
Practice sketches of the superstructure
Sketch and annotate a diagram of a cross section through the following sub
structure features:
0/5
Masonry cavity wall Suspended timber first floor
34
Risks and hazards
There will DEFINITELY be a question on risks and hazards in construction in the exam
There are a variety of different risks and hazards present on a building site and a
RISK ASSESSMENT is carried out prior to starting work to try and reduce these risks.
35
FINAL QUESTION- worth 8 marks and is very important part of the exam
Q: Evaluate whether a flat roof or a pitched roof would be more appropriate for an
office scheme.
37
Revision Declaration
Signature: …………………………………………
Parent / Guardian:……………………………………
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