Assignment#1: Construction Materials and Testing, Lab

ASSIGNMENT#1
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING, LAB
PREPARED BY:
TRIA, MARVIN LLOYD G.
BSCE - 2A
1. WHAT IS MATERIAL TESTING?
Generally, materials testing is performed to certify material for a given
specification or to verify that it meets a certain criterion. The testing may
evaluate mechanical properties such as strength, hardness and elasticity or
determine the composition or elemental content of the material. Construction
Materials Testing is the testing of materials used to build new projects, add to
existing projects, or amend existing construction projects. The services
involved in a comprehensive CMT process greatly depends on the project, the
land, and the microscope of services. Materials testing is a diligent approach
to ensuring that your infrastructure and vital equipment will provide continued
production, undergo minimal degradation and are designed with optimal
performance in mind. Materials testing can also supply a wealth of information
about the materials you are developing or incorporating into products to
ensure they perform within expected specifications.
2. WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANCE OF

MATERIAL TESTING?
Material Testing is important because it is critical for the viability and
safety of a construction project. CMT can reveal any number of issues
related to construction quality. It can highlight future risks, help classify a
building site, and assist with engineering decisions. Without CMT, engineers and
builders may not know if the quality of the construction meets the
requirements. Testing of materials is a crucial part of the construction
process. Before any contractor will start using the materials, random
sampling and laboratory testing are made in order to make certain that
grades are as ordered and also to determine the suitable procedures
necessary to work with them. Sampling is preferable immediately after the
materials are delivered. However, with usual time constraints in the
construction, sampling and testing are usually done only before materials are
needed in construction. This can cause delays. We are employing this method in
order to determine the strength and the longevity of the materials that are
going to be used in the construction.
3. WHAT BENEFITS WILL YOU
GAIN IN MATERIAL TESTING AS
A FUTURE ENGINEER?
As a future civil engineer, while designing a
structure I will able to assume certain value of
strength for each of material being used in a
construction project. It will be easy to identify
different sources of materials, the different ASTM
standards used in testing them, common defects of
these materials and the ways to safeguard the
construction from these defects, precautions in
handling these materials for better durability, and to
guide students in choosing the proper material for a
particular purpose in construction. As an engineer, our
duty is to make sure the safety of civilians during or
after the construction so that material testing is a
vital part of the process in construction of a
structure. I must check the quality of materials used
in any infrastructure because it does play an
important role with regard to its ultimate strength and
durability in the long run.
4. WHEN TESTING SHOULD BE
CONDUCTED IN A PROJECT?
There are a variety of test methods that can be applied in
materials testing:
STATIC TESTING
In static testing or static materials testing loading on the
specimen is slow and, constant. In static materials testing
the strength and deformation behavior of specimens and
components, predominantly subjected to tension,
compression, and flexure, as well as shearing or torsion, is
determined. Static materials testing, relative to dynamic
materials testing is performed with lower test speeds
DYNAMIC TESTING
For dynamic testing the specimen is subjected to an
impact load or the load periodically influences the specimen
over a longer period of time. Dynamic materials testing
refers to the (destructive) test on materials or
components, which is performed with quick movement
(dynamic). Examples include pendulum impact testers, drop
weight testers, high-speed tests (puncture or high-speed
tensile tests).
FATIGUE TESTING
Cyclic materials testing or fatigue testing: in cyclic
materials testing, loading on the specimen takes place in
continuously recurring load cycles. Depending on the
machine, these load cycles can be in the form of
tensile/compression, pulsating or alternating load in
sinusoidal shape, triangle shape, etc
CMT
DESTRUCTIVE MATERIALS
In destructive materials testing, specimens are
extracted from a material and tested for mechanical or
chemical loads. The specimen is destroyed or altered (on
the surface). After the test, the tested component, or
material specimen can no longer be used.
Destructive materials testing particularly plays an

important part in the automotive industry and aerospace
engineering, since here material fatigue presents a very
high risk factor. However, materials and components
testing has also become indispensable in medical engineering.
In most test methods the specimen is

destroyed:
·
Tensile test
·Compression test/crush test
Flexure test
Fatigue test
Impact test
Drop weight test
Melt flow index test
High-speed tensile test
Test methods for sheet metal
forming Shear test
Biaxial test
Creep test
CMT
NON-DESTRUCTIVE
MATERIALS
In non-destructive materials testing the quality of a
specimen is tested, without damaging it. In this way it can
be ensured that the material quality is high enough for
further processing and that it can reliably stand up to
loads for the long-term.
Non-destructive test methods include:·
Hardness test
Static and dynamic friction test
·Rebound test
Component test
Function test
5. WHAT THE MATERIALS TO TEST IN
CONSTRUCTION? AND WHAT ARE THE
LABORATORY TEST TO BE DONE?
SOILS TESTING
Temporary labs for earthwork projects tend to focus on
testing moisture/density relationships (Proctor), soil density (field
compaction) tests, Atterberg limits, and grain size, as measured by
sieve and hydrometer tests. Field CBR equipment needed for in-situ
strength tests are sometimes performed but do not require a field
lab.
CONCRETE TESTING
Most of the efforts in concrete field laboratories center on
curing of samples and on-site strength testing. Tests for
compressive strength use concrete cylinders, and flexural strength
testing uses concrete beams. The equipment list is short, but
outfitting can still be a challenge. Sample curing tanks can take up
considerable floor space, and concrete compression testing
machines are heavy and difficult to handle.
ASPHALT TESTING
Typical asphalt satellite laboratories must perform more tests
than other types of construction field labs. With asphalt mixes, there
are more test methods required, and the demands for rapid
feedback of quality control values during lay-down operations
require more testing equipment on-site. Refer to our previous blog
Setting Up a CMT Field Lab: the Essentials for general lab equipment
like sieves, sieve shakers, ovens, etc. Here we will discuss items
specifically for asphalt testing.
AGGREGATE TESTING
Field laboratories set up to test construction aggregates nearly
always perform gradation (particle size) analysis and moisture
content determinations. Other types of tests are not as prevalent,
but angularity, flat/elongated particles, and specific gravity
determinations are common.

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ASSIGNMENT#1

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TESTING, LAB

2. WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANCE OF

Destructive materials testing particularly plays an

In most test methods the specimen is

Non-destructive test methods include:·

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