Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences
Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences
Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences
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In this module, you will learn the nature and functions of Social Science
disciplines with the natural sciences.
Since you already know our target for this module, are you ready to learn more?
I hope that you will enjoy all the activities and reading materials that we have prepared
for you. Good luck and happy learning to you.
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1. Natural Science – any of the sciences (such as physics,
chemistry, or biology) that deal with matter, energy, and their
interrelations and transformations or with objectively measurable
phenomena
2. Science - knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general
truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and
tested through scientific method
3. Social Science – a branch of science that deals with the
institutions and functioning of human society and with the
interpersonal relationships of individuals as members of society.
3. It refers to the holistic "science of man," a science of the totality of human existence.
A. Anthropology B. Biology C. Chemistry D. Sociology
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5. The following are branches of Natural Sciences, EXCEPT:
A. Biology B. Chemistry C. Physics D. History
6. It refers to the branch of natural science which deals with the study of living
organisms, including behavior and development.
A. Anthropology B. Genetics C. Biology D. Law
8. What is the difference between the social sciences and natural sciences?
A. Social Sciences and Natural Sciences both deal with human nature
and social interaction.
B. Social Sciences and Natural Sciences both don’t deal with human
nature and social interaction.
C. Social Sciences focuses on the functions of human society, while
Natural Sciences focuses on nature where humans are affected.
D. Social Sciences deals with human and social interaction. In contrast,
Natural Sciences deals with how humans interact with their nature and
vice-versa.
9. What is the similarity between the social sciences and natural sciences?
A. Social sciences and natural sciences are both sciences concerning
human existence and relationship with the place he/she belongs to.
B. Social sciences and natural sciences are interrelated to each other that
seeks to discuss human and nature’s existence.
C. Both A and B.
D. None of the above.
10. How important is it to know the nature and functions of social sciences and
natural sciences and their relationship with each other?
A. They are different in nature but the same in functions.
B. They are the same in nature but different in functions.
C. They are the same in nature and functions.
D. They are integrated, interrelated, and interdisciplinary in nature and
functions.
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The human quest to search the truth and investigate phenomena to satisfy
human curiosity and maximize our existence is the primary reason why we continue
in our journey to broaden our knowledge and understanding about the world and
humans. With this, man is inclined to organize a system of knowledge that will study
general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested
through a scientific method or what we call science (Merriam-Webster).
In this module, we will learn the nature and functions of Social Science
disciplines with the natural sciences and humanities.
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WEEK 1
LESSON 1 – NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL
SCIENCE AS A DISCIPLINE
A. General Concepts and Historical Background
Social Science is an academic discipline and a branch of science that deals with
the institutions and functioning of human society and with the interpersonal
relationships of individuals as members of society (Merriam-Webster).
There was extensive growth of social science in the 18th century. Pioneers during
that time were Denis Diderot, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Auguste Comte, who
emphasized social science as a distinct conceptual field and reflected in other
specialized encyclopedias. Later on, the discipline was influenced by “positivism,”
focusing on knowledge based on actual positive sense experience and avoiding the
negative and metaphysical speculation. It was Auguste Comte, who used first the term
“science sociale” taken from the idea of Charles Fourier, and he also called it “social
physics.”
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Generally, the term “social science” may refer to the specific “sciences of society”
established by scholars such as Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, and Max
Weber. Disciplines outside of “noble science” and “arts” recognized this academic
discipline and branch of science.
B. Branches
The following are the salient points of the different branches of social sciences:
BRANCHES OF DESCRIPTIONS
SOCIAL SCIENCES
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✓ Communication studies also examine how messages
are interpreted through the political, cultural,
economic, and social dimensions of their contexts.
✓ It is also known as "speech communication",
"rhetorical studies", "communication science", "media
studies", "communication arts", "mass
communication", "media ecology", and
"communication and media science".
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interpreted through historiographical paradigms or
theories.
✓ The one who studies history is called a historian.
Law/Jurisprudence ✓ It is the science or philosophy of law.
✓ It is defined as the “system of rules” and "interpretive
concept" to achieve justice, as an "authority" to
mediate people's interests, and even as "the
command of a sovereign, backed by the threat of a
sanction."
✓ Laws are political because politicians are the ones
who created it.
✓ Studying laws and other political concepts is called a
Political Scientist; however, to become a Lawyer, you
must pass the test called the BAR exam.
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including problems of individuals' daily lives and the
treatment of mental illness.
✓ The one who studies human behavior and mental
processes are called a Psychologist.
Sociology ✓ It comes from the Greek word “soci,” which is from the
Latin word “socius,” which means “companion or
society in general and “logos,” which means “study.”
✓ Sociology is the systematic study of society,
individuals' relationship to their societies, the
consequences of difference, and other aspects of
human social action.
✓ The one who studies the society is called a
Sociologist.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science
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whole. Because man, environment, humanities, and society cannot be studied using
one discipline of science alone, their collaboration makes the understanding of the
man and the world relevant and complete.
To analyze how natural science developed through time, let us take a glance at its
historical background. It is divided into six (6) periods: ancient times, Aristotelian
natural philosophy, medieval natural philosophy, Newton and the scientific revolution,
19th-century developments, and modern natural science.
The following are brief discussion and salient points on the historical background
of natural science as an academic discipline:
PERIODS DESCRIPTIONS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science#/media/File:Sa
nzio_01_Plato_Aristotle.jpg
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Medieval Natural Philosophy ✓ This is the period where the Catholic
Church become a dominant monopoly of
(1100-1600 CE) knowledge with regards to natural
philosophy. Theologians opposed
natural science because they considered
it as heresy.
✓ During the Middle Ages, those who study
and experiment on natural science were
considered performers of magic and
members of the occult.
✓ Later on, theologians like Thomas
Aquinas and Albertus Magnus have seen
natural philosophy as a theological
perspective that can be used in church
dogma and scriptures.
Newton and the Scientific ✓ This is the period where some of the
Revolution (1600-1800 CE) Aristotelian natural philosophy debunk
and the rise of protestant reformation
begun to start conducted a scientific
inquiry.
✓ This was also the birth of scientific
revolution wherein more natural
philosophers gave different perspectives
and methodologies in terms of natural
science as natural philosophy.
✓ There was the rise of the scientific
method as a new way of scientific inquiry
and investigation. Experiment and
hypotheses formulation became
essentials as new scientific-based. Logic
and mathematics became the tools to
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science#/media/File:Sir interpret and analyze cause and effect.
_Isaac_Newton_(1643-1727).jpg
✓ Sir Isaac Newton, an English
Mathematician, and Physicist became
the most highlighted natural scientist in
this time because of his Law of
Gravitational Force and Laws of Motion.
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Modern Natural Science ✓ The natural science prospers and further
develops in this period. Inventions,
(1900-present) discoveries, and experimentations are
used for the betterment of man, society,
and environment.
✓ New branches of natural science were
created, including mechanics,
electrodynamics, and thermodynamics.
✓ Today, natural sciences are commonly
divided into life sciences, such as botany
and zoology, and physical sciences,
which include physics, chemistry,
astronomy, and Earth sciences. ;
B. Branches
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science#/media/File:Moon_Ded
al_crater.jpg
The following are the salient points of the different branches of natural sciences:
BRANCHES OF DESCRIPTIONS
LIFE SCIENCE
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✓ A person studying anatomy is called an Anatomist.
BRANCHES OF DESCRIPTIONS
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
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Earth Science ✓ It is the study of how the natural environment
(ecosphere or Earth system) works and how it evolved
to its current state.
✓ It includes the study of the atmosphere, hydrosphere,
lithosphere, and biosphere.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science
2. Natural
Sciences
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A. Social Sciences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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B. Natural Sciences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Reflective Questions:
1. What do you think is the significance of knowing the importance of nature and
functions of social sciences disciplines with natural sciences in our real-life
situations?
2. Identify proof that social sciences are interrelated, integrated, and
interdisciplinary with natural sciences.
DIFFERENCES DIFFERENCES
SIMILARITIES
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DIRECTIONS. Choose the best answer to the following questions/statements below.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
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7. The following are sub-branches of Natural Science:
I. Life Science III. Social Science
II. Physical Science IV. Humanities
A. I and II B. III and IV C. I, II, and III D. I, II, III, and IV
8. Which of the following statement/s below BEST differentiate/s social sciences with
natural sciences?
I. Social Sciences and Natural Sciences both deal with human nature and
social interaction.
II. Social Sciences and Natural Sciences both don’t deal with human nature
and social interaction.
III. Social Sciences focuses on the functions of human society; however,
Natural Sciences focuses on nature where human affected.
IV. Social Sciences deals with human and social interaction; however,
Natural Sciences deals with how human interacted with his/her nature
and vice-versa.
A. I and II B. III and IV C. IV only D. None of the above
10. How important is it to know the nature and functions of social sciences and natural
sciences to each other?
I. They are different in nature but the same in functions.
II. They are the same in nature but different in functions.
III. They are the same in nature and functions.
IV. They are integrated, interrelated, and interdisciplinary in nature and
functions.
V. They are interdisciplinary, and they are helping each other to deepen
and give a more constructive and science-based explanation of what is
happening in our society, to us a human, and to the world itself.
A. I, II, and III B. IV and V C. I, II, III, and IV D. I and II
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LET’S CHECK THE RESULT
RATING LEVEL
10-8 EXCELLENT!
Congratulations! You can proceed to the next
page and continue to learn the lesson.
7-5 BETTER!
You can go back to those lessons that you’ve
missed and continue.
4-3 VERY GOOD!
You can improve your knowledge and
continue to learn the next lesson.
2-0 NEEDS IMPROVEMENT!
This module will help you to learn better with
the new lesson. You can do it. Let’s open the
next page.
Suggested Topics:
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Organization & -The structure of - The structure is - The structure of -Organization and
Structure the paper is clear mostly clear and the paper is not structure detract
and easy to follow. easy to follow. easy to follow. from the message of
- Paragraph - Paragraph - Paragraph the writer.
transitions are transitions are transitions need - Paragraphs are
logical and present. improvement. disjointed and lack
maintain the flow - The conclusion is - The conclusion is transition of
of thought logical. missing, or if thoughts
throughout the provided, does not
paper. flow from the body
- The conclusion is of the paper.
logical and flows
from the body of
the paper
Format - Paper follows all - Paper follows - Paper follows most - Paper lacks many
designated designated guidelines. elements of correct
guidelines. guidelines. - Paper is over/ formatting.
- Paper is the - Paper is the under word length. - Paper is
appropriate length appropriate length inadequate/excessiv
as described for as described for the e in length.
the assignment. assignment. -Paper is not double
-The format -The format is good. spaced.
enhances the
readability of the
paper.
Grammar, - Rules of - Rules of grammar, - The paper contains - The paper contains
Punctuation & grammar, usage, usage, and a few grammatical, numerous
Spelling and punctuation punctuation are punctuation, and grammatical,
are followed; followed with minor spelling errors. punctuation, and
spelling is correct. errors. - The language spelling errors.
- Language is clear The spelling is lacks clarity or - The language uses
and precise; correct. includes the use of jargon or
sentences display some jargon or conversational tone.
consistently conversational tone.
strong, varied
structure.
TOTAL
Scoring:
Score Numerical Rating Adjectival Rating
16 100% Excellent
14-15 96%
12-13 92% Very good
10-11 88%
8-9 84% Good
7 80%
6 76% Fair
5 72%
4 68% Needs Improvement
3 64%
2 62%
1 60%
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PRE-TEST POST-TEST
1. C 6. C 1. A 6. A
2. D 7. D 2. D 7. A
3. A 8. D 3. C 8. C
4. A 9. C 4. D 9. A
5. D 10. D 5. B 10. B
PRACTICE TASK NO. 1. DATA RETRIEVAL CHART.
A. The answer may vary.
B. The answer may vary.
PRACTICE TASK NO. 2. MY REFLECTIVE THINKING.
A. The answer may vary.
B. The answer may vary.
C. Reflective Questions – Answer may vary.
PRACTICE TASK NO. 3. VENN DIAGRAM. - The answer may vary.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY. REFLECTION PAPER. – The answer may vary.
PICTURES:
Vitruvian Man
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitruvian_Man#/media/File:Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg
A depiction of world's oldest university, the University of Bologna, in Italy -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science#/media/File:Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg
The Social Science Congress 1879, illustration from The Graphic-
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Social_Science_Congress_1879.jpg
Auguste Comte - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Auguste_Comte.jpg
Emile Durkeim -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim#/media/File:%C3%89mile_Durkheim.jp
g
Karl Marx -https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Karl_Marx_001.jpg
Karl Popper - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper#/media/File:Karl_Popper.jpg
Talcott Parsons -
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Talcott_Parsons_1.jpg
Max Weber -
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Max_Weber%2C_1918.jpg
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Jean-
Jacques_Rousseau_%28painted_portrait%29.jpg
Denis Diderot -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Diderot#/media/File:Denis_Diderot_111.PNG
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Charles Fourier -
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Charles_Fourier_%28by_Hans_F._He
lmolt%29.jpg
Vilfredo Pareto -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto#/media/File:Vilfredo_Pareto_1870s2.jpg
Age of Enlightenment - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/ANICET-
CHARLES-GABRIEL_LEMONNIER_A_READING_OF_VOLTAIRE.jpg
Herd of Elephants -
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Herd_of_Elephants.jpg
Moon Dedal Carter -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science#/media/File:Moon_Dedal_crater.jpg
Plato and Aristotle -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science#/media/File:Sanzio_01_Plato_Aristotle.jpg
Sir Isaac Newton -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science#/media/File:Sir_Isaac_Newton_(1643-
1727).jpg
Discovery of Fire -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans#/media/File:Diorama,_cavem
en_-_National_Museum_of_Mongolian_History.jpg
ARTICLES:
Natural Science - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_science
Science - https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science
Social Science - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science
Physical Science - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_physical_science
Life Science - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_life_sciences
DICTIONARY:
Social Science - https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/social%20science
Natural Science - https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/natural%20science
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