Rumi - Wikipedia
Rumi - Wikipedia
Rumi - Wikipedia
Personal
Religion Islam
Ethnicity Persian
Denomination Sunni[7]
Jurisprudence Hanafi
Creed Maturidi[8][9]
Tariqa Mevlevi
Muslim leader
I fl db
Influenced by
Muhammad, Abu Hanifa, al-Maturidi, Al-Ghazali,
Muhaqqeq Termezi, Baha-ud-din Zakariya, Attār,
Sanā'ī, Abu Sa'īd Abulḫayr, Ḫaraqānī, Bayazīd
Bistāmī, Sultan Walad, Shams Tabrizi, Ibn Arabi,
Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi
Influenced
Jami, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, Kazi Nazrul Islam,
Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob, Abdolkarim Soroush,
Hossein Elahi Ghomshei, Muhammad Iqbal,
Hossein Nasr[10] Yunus Emre
Name
He is most commonly called Rumi in English. His full
name is Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Balkhī (Persian:
)ﺟﻼلاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻠﺨﻰor Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad
Rūmī ()ﺟﻼلاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ روﻣﯽ. Jalal ad-Din is an
Arabic name meaning "Glory of the Faith". Balkhī
and Rūmī are his nisbas, meaning, respectively,
"from Balkh" and "from Rûm" ('Roman,' what
European history now calls Byzantine, Anatolia[30]).
According to the authoritative Rumi biographer
Franklin Lewis of the University of Chicago, "[t]he
Anatolian peninsula which had belonged to the
Byzantine, or eastern Roman empire, had only
relatively recently been conquered by Muslims and
even when it came to be controlled by Turkish
Muslim rulers, it was still known to Arabs, Persians
and Turks as the geographical area of Rum. As
such, there are a number of historical personages
born in or associated with Anatolia known as Rumi,
a word borrowed from Arabic literally meaning
'Roman,' in which context Roman refers to
subjects of the Byzantine Empire or simply to
people living in or things associated with
Anatolia."[31] He was also known as "Mullah of Rum"
( ﻣﻼی رومmullā-yi Rūm or ﻣﻼی روﻣﯽmullā-yi
Rūmī).[32]
Life
Major works
Poetic works
Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī
Mevlâna Museum, Konya, Turkey
Rumi's best-known work is the Maṭnawīye
Ma'nawī (Spiritual Couplets; )ﻣﺜﻨﻮی ﻣﻌﻨﻮی. The
six-volume poem holds a distinguished place
within the rich tradition of Persian Sufi literature,
and has been commonly called "the Quran in
Persian".[62][63] Many commentators have
regarded it as the greatest mystical poem in
world literature.[64] It contains approximately
27,000 lines,[65] each consisting of a couplet
with an internal rhyme.[56] While the mathnawi
genre of poetry may use a variety of different
metres, after Rumi composed his poem, the
metre he used became the mathnawi metre par
excellence. The first recorded use of this metre
for a mathnawi poem took place at the Nizari
Ismaili fortress of Girdkuh between 1131–1139. It
likely set the stage for later poetry in this style
by mystics such as Attar and Rumi. [66]
Rumi's other major work is the Dīwān-e Kabīr
(Great Work) or Dīwān-e Shams-e Tabrīzī (The
Works of Shams of Tabriz; )دﯾﻮان ﺷﻤﺲ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰی,
named in honour of Rumi's master Shams.
Besides approximately 35000 Persian couplets
and 2000 Persian quatrains,[67] the Divan
contains 90 Ghazals and 19 quatrains in
Arabic,[68] a couple of dozen or so couplets in
Turkish (mainly macaronic poems of mixed
Persian and Turkish)[69][70] and 14 couplets in
Greek (all of them in three macaronic poems of
Greek-Persian).[71][72][73]
Prose works
Religious outlook
Rumi belongs to the class of Islamic philosophers
which include Ibn Arabi and Mulla Sadra. These
transcendental philosophers are often studied
together in traditional schools of irfan, philosophy
and theosophy throughout the Muslim world.[78]
—Quatrain 305
Rumi states:
It is a commentary on the
versified exegesis [of the Qur’ān]
and its occult mystery, since all
of it [all of the Mathnawī] is, as
you will see, an elucidation of
the clear verses [of the Qur’ān],
a clarification of prophetic
utterances, a glimmer of the
light of the luminous Qur’ān,
and burning embers irradiating
their rays from its shining lamp.
As respects to hunting through
the treasure-trove of the Qur’ān,
one can find in it [the Mathnawī]
all [the Qur’ān's] ancient
philosophical wisdom; it [the
Mathnawī] is all entirely
eloquent philosophy. In truth,
the pearly verse of the poem
combines the Canon Law of
Islam (sharīʿa) with the Sufi Path
(ṭarīqa) and the Divine Reality
(ḥaqīqa); the author's [Rūmī]
achievement belongs to God in
his bringing together of the Law
(sharīʿa), the Path, and the Truth
in a way that includes critical
intellect, profound thought, a
brilliant natural temperament,
and integrity of character that is
endowed with power, insight,
inspiration, and illumination.[88]
Legacy
Universality
Iranian world
Come,
come,
whoever
Rumi's tomb in Konya, Turkey.
you are,
Wanderer,
During Ottoman times, the
idolater,
Mevlevi produced a number
worshiper
of notable poets and
musicians, including Sheikh of fire,
Ghalib, Ismail Rusuhi Dede Come even
of Ankara, Esrar Dede, though you
Halet Efendi, and Gavsi have
Dede, who are all buried at broken your
the Galata Mewlewī Khāna vows a
(Turkish: Mevlevi-Hane) in thousand
Istanbul.[105] Music,
times,
especially that of the ney,
Come, and
plays an important part in
come yet
the Mevlevi.
again.
With the foundation of the Ours is not
modern, secular Republic of a caravan
Turkey, Mustafa Kemal
of
Atatürk removed religion
despair.[104]
from the sphere of public
policy and restricted it
exclusively to that of personal morals, behaviour
and faith. On 13 December 1925, a law was passed
closing all the tekkes (dervish lodges) and zāwiyas
(chief dervish lodges), and the centres of
veneration to which visits (ziyārat) were made.
Istanbul alone had more than 250 tekkes as well as
small centres for gatherings of various fraternities;
this law dissolved the Sufi Orders, prohibited the
use of mystical names, titles and costumes
pertaining to their titles, impounded the Orders'
assets, and banned their ceremonies and
meetings. The law also provided penalties for those
who tried to re-establish the Orders. Two years
later, in 1927, the Mausoleum of Mevlâna in Konya
was allowed to reopen as a Museum.[106]
Religious denomination
See also
General
Poems by Rumi
On Persian culture
Iranian philosophy
List of Persian poets and authors
Ferdowsi (c. 940–1020), poet, arguably
the most influential figure in Persian
literature
Hafez, Persian poet
Persian literature
Persian mysticism
Tajik people
Rumi scholars and writers
Hamid Algar
Rahim Arbab
William Chittick
Badiozzaman Forouzanfar
Hossein Elahi Ghomshei
Fatemeh Keshavarz
Majid M. Naini
Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Franklin Lewis
François Pétis de la Croix
Annemarie Schimmel
Dariush Shayegan
Abdolkarim Soroush
Abdolhossein Zarinkoob
Interpreters of Rumi
Coleman Barks
Shohreh Moavenian
Shahram Shiva
References
1. Ritter, H.; Bausani, A. "ḎJ̲alāl al-Dīn Rūmī b.
Bahāʾ al-Dīn Sulṭān al-ʿulamāʾ Walad b.
Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad Ḵh̲aṭībī." Encyclopaedia of
Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis,
C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P.
Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online. Excerpt:
"known by the sobriquet Mewlānā, persian
poet and founder of the Mewlewiyya order of
dervishes"
2. "UNESCO: 800th Anniversary of the Birth of
Mawlana Jalal-ud-Din Balkhi-Rumi" . UNESCO.
6 September 2007. Archived from the
original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 25 June
2014. "The prominent Persian language poet,
thinker and spiritual master, Mevlana
Celaleddin Belhi-Rumi was born in 1207 in
Balkh, presently Afghanistan."
3. William Harmless, Mystics, (Oxford
University Press, 2008), 167.
4. Annemarie Schimmel, "I Am Wind, You Are
Fire," p. 11. She refers to a 1989 article by
Fritz Meier:
Further reading
English translations
Persian literature
External links
Rumi
at Wikipedia's sister projects
Media from
Wikimedia
Commons
Quotations
from
Wikiquote
Texts from
Wikisource
Works by Rumi at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about Rumi at Internet Archive
Works by Rumi at LibriVox (public domain
audiobooks)
Works by Rumi at Open Library
Dar al Masnavi , several English versions of
selections by different translators.
Poems by Rumi in English at the Academy of
American Poets
Masnavi-e Ma'navi, recited in Persian by
Mohammad Ghanbar