Final Exam Review
Final Exam Review
Final Exam Review
UNIT 2.1
1. Which of the following is true of congressional redistricting
It occurs every 10 years to reflect changes in population as measured by the census
2. Which issue would be most relevant to this case (Baker vs. Carr 1961)
Gerrymandering
3. Which of the following best explains how the data in the map of (Illinois) congressional
district for below represent gerrymandering?
The strangely drawn and unusual shape of the district
4. Which of the following best describes the role of pork barrel legislation
Appropriation of funds for a special project
5. Evidence of widespread Fraud and Abuse involving the veterans Affairs comes to
light….
Oversight
6. Which term best exemplifies when a legislator makes a deal with another legislator to
promote to vote for their proposed legislation in return for support of their legislation?
Logrolling
7. The Supreme Court decision in Baker v. Carr as reflected in the excerpt above best
reflects which of the following issues with the electoral process?
Redistricting and unequal representation of constituencies
8. In comparing the House of Representatives and Senate the above map best illustrates
which of the following?
The house is designed to represent populations more than the Senate
9. Healthcare reform along with policies regulating immigration and terrorism are all
examples of congressional responsibilities that rely on
The necessary and proper clause
10. Which court case also deals with issues surrounding the courts and redistricting
Shaw vs Reno
11. Which scenario triggers reapportionment in the House of Representatives
The US Census every 10 years counts the number of people in the state and determines
how many representatives each state will have
12. Which of the following is the best example of divided government
In 2016 President Obama nominated Merrick Garland chief judge of the DC Circuit Court
to the Supreme Court. The Republican Senate did not hold hearings on this nominee
and the seating remained empty
13. Besides the power of oversight which of the following Congressional functions best
represents the checking of executive branch power
Agency review
14. Which of the following issues least likely influence the framers of the Constitution during
the creation of the Congress
the implementation of foreign policy
15. What is the single most important variable in determining the outcome of an election for
a member of the House of Representatives
Incumbency
16. Which of the following statements best represents this table
Congress especially the Senate is older whiter more educated and more likely to be
male than the population as a whole
17. Which of the following has the widest gap between Congressional members and the
population as a whole
Those with bachelor's degrees in the Senate
18. Which of the following represents the outcome in Shaw vs Reno 1991
Race-based redistricting must be held to a high level of scrutiny and comply with the
Voting Rights Act of 1965
19. Which of the following is a specific power granted by the Constitution only to the House
of Representatives
All bills of revenue must originate in the house
20. Which of the following pairs correctly represents a difference between the house and the
Senate
Option C no filibusters and allows filibusters
21. A congressman From a conservative District in Mississippi knows that over 70% of the
people who live there are opposed to the Affordable Care Act
Trustee
22. Which of the following is the definition of a conference committee
It contains members of the house and Senate to reconcile the competing versions of a
bill
23. Identify a trend in from the map
States in the Midwest and Northeast have lost the most seats in Congress
24. Which of the following best describes pork barrel politics
Members of Congress negotiate bills so that individual districts get money for project that
do not necessarily benefit the whole nation
25. Which of the following is true of the seniority system in of Congress in relation to
committee leadership that occurs today
The chairs of congressional committees tend to be senior members of the body's
majority party
26. Which of the following policy areas would be covered by this clause (Article 2 of the
United States Constitution)
Regulating immigration and Healthcare
27. Which of the following choices accurately represents the difference between the rules
and procedures in the House of Representatives and the Senate
D (This Chamber approves Cabinet Secretaries)
28. Which of the following best explains the importance of this Clause (Article 2 of the United
States Constitution)
It has been responsible for a congress's ability to legislate in many matters not described
in the enumerated powers
29. All of the following best represent the duties of speaker of the house except
Aid party members in reelection efforts
30. Scenario: a first-term member of the House of Representatives from Silicon Valley
California wishes to maximize opportunities for constituent service would most likely
seek placement on which of the following committees
Science and Technology
31. What process is taking place on this map
Apportionment
32. In the legislative process, the president is most likely to use an executive veto for all of
the following except
To create tensions and confrontations with Congress
33. Identify a trend in the graph
Democrats had control of the Senate and House 2007 to 2010
34. In which of the following years was there a divided government
1998
35. Which of the following best represents the concept of gerrymandering
Incumbents influencing the drawing of legislative district boundaries
36. Which of the following choices accurately represents the difference between the House
of Representatives and the Senate
A (ratifies treaties and initiates revenue bills)
37. Which of the following best explains the concept of pocket veto
It is a veto issued more than 10 days after the beginning of a legislative session
38. Which of the following choices accurately represents an example of a check on Power
by the two branches
A (sets jurisdiction of Courts and declares laws unconstitutional)
39. Which of the following reasons is generally cited as the reason for the use of
congressional oversight in relation to the executive branch
To serve as a check of executive authorization and appropriation
40. When members of Congress decide issues or vote according to their conscience they
most likely represent which of the following models of representation
Trustee model
Unit 2.2
Unit 2.3
Unit 3
1. *In 2015, the U.S Supreme Court decided that marriage could not be defined as
heterosexual in nature. Which of the following was used to justify the Supreme Court’s
decision
Equal Protection clause
2. A police officer is investigating a murder suspect and does not have a warrant To search
the suspect's house or car. Which of the following would most likely be considered an
unreasonable search if the officer did not have the warrant
A police officer placing a GPS device on the suspect's car to see where the suspect
goes
3. Which of the following best represents the protections afforded by the two amendments
the excerpt above?
As a defendant you have the right to counsel and the right to confront your witnesses
4. Based on previous rulings the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning
which of the following as an equal protection case?
A student was denied entry into a college because of her race
5. Which of the following are accurate descriptions of the first amendment and the Sixth
Amendment?
D: The right to assemble: the right to an attorney
6. Equal protection of laws
Means that laws cannot establish different standards for the treatment of different groups
7. Which of the following cases would likely be used as a precedent for this case?
Brown v. Board of Education
8. Which of the following would be considered most likely be considered a violation of the
8th Amendment?
A suspect is tortured to find out who the other criminals were
9. Which of the following is an example of a controversy regarding equal protection under
the Fourteenth Amendment?
A female employee being denied a promotion in a workplace where male employees
have been promoted doing less quality work
10. Supreme Court’s interpretation of The Establishment Clause in Engle v. Vitale (1962)
Limit the power of the state government to introduce School sponsorship of religion
11. Which of the following actions would most likely use the precedent set in Tinker v. Des
Moines Independent Community School District (1969)?
A student wears a shirt that says “Impeach the President”
12. A High School Athletic director spends $15,000 on the football and baseball teams, but
spends no money on woman’s sports. Which of the following is laws is the athletic
director violating?
Title IX of the Civil Rights Act
13. Which of the following court cases is paired incorrectly with the Constitutional issue that
addressed
B) Bakke v. UC Davis: exclusionary rule
14. The addition of the Bill of Rights in the year following ratification of the Constitution
demonstrates the
States’ fear of an overpowered national government
15. The 24th Amendment was attempting to ban which of the following practices?
Poll taxes
16. Which of the following is an accurate description of the due process clause in equal
protection clauses
B. It has been used to incorporate freedoms in the Bill of Rights to affect the state's: in it
was used in Brown V. Board of Education
17. Which of the following would be considered would most likely be considered a violation
of the 4th Amendment?
A terrorist suspect is searched without warrant
18. Based on previous rulings by the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case
concerning which of the following as a free exercise clause case
A worker is fired for using hallucinogenic drugs in a religious ceremony
19. An example of the exclusionary rule would be if police
Used a defective search warrant to seize evidence
20. Based on previous rulings the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning
which of the following as a clear and present danger case?
A person giving a speech talking about using violence against immigrants
21. Which of the following would be considered most likely be considered a violation of the
6th Amendment
A suspect is not allowed to speak with an attorney
22. According to the text which of the following principles is the Ferguson Police Department
most likely violating
equal protection clause
23. Which of the following best describes poll tax?
Fee that had to be paid to vote for the purpose of preventing poor southerners from
voting particularly African Americans
24. Which of the following actions would most likely use the precedent set in Wisconsin v.
Yoder (1972)
A student is required to attend school even though their faith says they should no longer
attend
25. Based on previous rulings the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning
which of the following as a right to privacy case?
When searching a home the police bring along reporter who takes photos of the home
26. The passage of strict gun control laws in a state reflects which of the following
A growing debate involving the concern over Public Safety with that of individual rights
27. This case is likely to be decided on which of the following freedoms?
Equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment
28. Wearing an armband and/or burning the American flag are examples of ____ actions
that do not consist of speaking or writing but that still Express an opinion
Symbolic speech
29. Which of the following liberties is paired correctly with an amendment from the Bill of
Rights?
Option I: Amendment: 1st. Constitutional Liberty: Freedom of Speech
30. Bakers or wedding planners that oppose same-sex marriage and refuse service to
same-sex couples oftentimes sight which of the following First Amendment Provisions in
their defense
Free exercise of religion
31. Which of the following actions would most likely use the precedent set in McDonald v.
Chicago (2010)?
A student in college is banned from storing his shotgun in his dorm room
32. Which of the following describes the implication of the Court engaging in selective
incorporation
Selective Incorporation has imposed limitations on state regulation of civil rights and
liberties
33. A newspaper prints a story accusing a candidate for office of cruelty to animals. They
know this accusation is untrue but the newspaper claims the first amendment protects
them. Which of the following is the reason that the newspaper is wrong?
Libel is not protected by the first amendment
34. The clear and present danger test created by the Supreme Court gave the government
the leeway to
Limit Free speech
35. Which of the following amendments has the most in common with the Voting Rights Act
19th Amendment
36. Which of the following court cases is paired incorrectly with a right that it addresses?
D) Court Case: Schenck v. US. Constitutional Right: Right to privacy
37. Which the following best describes intersectionality
The experience of multiple forms of gender oppression such as race gender and sexual
orientation
38. Based on previous ruling the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning
which of the following as an establishment clause case
One of the speakers at the high school graduation says a brief prayer
39. Which of the following would be considered most likely be considered a violation of the
5th Amendment?
A person’s land is taken by the government without any compensation
40. A woman applied to be a principal of a school with a proud football team although the
school board thought she was the best candidate they did not think that the woman
would be able to gain the respect of the community and so she was not hired. Which of
the following is laws is the school board violating
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
41. Which of the following are accurate descriptions of the First Amendment and the Fifth
Amendment?
A) Establishment Clause; Freedom from double jeopardy
42. The Voter Rights Act of 1965 was attempting to ban which of the following practices
Literacy Tests
43. Based on previous rulings the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning
which of the following as a Miranda rule case?
➔ A student is not allowed to see his attorney while police questions him
➔ When searching a home the police bring along a reporter who takes photos of
the home
➔ Police paid a criminal to break into a suspect’s house and obtain evidence of a
crime
➔ A person giving a speech talking about using violence against immigrants
44. Which of the following is an accurate description of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the
Voting Rights Act of 1965
A) Prevented government agencies from discriminating: Banned Literacy Test
B) Allowed federal government to sure to desegregate public schools: Created the
Equal Opportunity Commission
C) Law requires equality in public accommodations: Prevented sex-based
discrimination in educational institutions receiving federal funds
D) Banned Poll Taxes: Required states with lower voter registration to get
permission from DOJ to change voter laws
Unit 4
1. *Use the scenario to answer the question: In a public opinion poll of a stratified sample
of a population contacted by landlines, 1,200 people were asked whether they
supported the Democrat or the Republican in the congressional election the next day.
The result was 46% for the Democrat and 54% for the Republican. The next day the
results came in and the Democrat won with 51% of the vote. Which of the following most
likely accounts for the difference in results?
➔ The survey did not include people who only have cell phones
➔ The results are within the margin of error
➔ The question was biased
➔ The sample size was not large enough to be reliable
2. *The following question is based on the graphic below
According to the graph, which of the following statements about support for same-sex
marriage is true?
➔ The “silent generation” has historically been more in favor of same-sex marriage
than other generations
➔ Most Americans are in support of same-sex marriage
➔ The younger the generation, the more in favor they are of same-sex marriage
➔ Since 2005, most generational support for same-sex marriage has decreased
3. *Use the table to answer the question:
Which of the following would, if true, help the credibility of this poll?
➔ Pollsters lectured respondents on the perils of big government before asking a
question
➔ Pollsters used a quota sample to find respondents
➔ The poll has a margin of error of six points
➔ Pollsters contacted respondents via a landline telephone
4. *Use the graph to answer the question: (Source: Lydia Saad) Which of the following is
an accurate statement according to the information in the graph?
➔ Conservatives have been the largest ideological group since 2004
➔ The number of people claiming to be moderates increased 1995 to 2005
➔ The number of people claiming to be moderates steadily declined from 2005 to
2014
➔ The number of people claiming to be liberal steadily increased from 2002 to 2015
5. *Use the graph to answer the question
Which of the following statements best illustrates the importance of the illustration
above?
➔ Errors in political profiling has led to a ban on polls 60-90 days before a general
election in the Bi-partisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) of 2002
➔ Political polling has been an important and accurate tool to determine electoral
success
➔ Errors in political polling have led to some embarrassing mistakes by the media
in predicting presidential outcomes
➔ Presidents have used political polling in the past to help them improve their
chance for electoral success
9. *Pollsters from news agencies wait outside of voting locations and ask voters who they
voted for and what issues were important to them and then use the information of
extrapolate who won the election. Which of the following best describes this process?
➔ Push poll
➔ Tracking poll
➔ Straw poll
➔ Exit poll
10. *Which type of poll would you most likely want to use if you wanted an accurate picture
of what candidates would be elected in the weeks leading up to an election?
➔ Exit poll
➔ Straw poll
➔ Push poll
➔ Tracking poll
11. *Use the graph to answer the question
Which of the following is the best description for this type of poll?
➔ Exit poll
➔ Straw poll
➔ Push poll
➔ Tracking poll
An important change in political culture since 1972 is that the United States citizens have
become:
➔ More trusting of non-governmental institutions and leaders to solve domestic
problems
➔ Less trusting of governmental institutions and leaders to solve domestic
problems
➔ More likely to believe that their actions can influence governmental policy
➔ Less supportive of US foreign policy actions to solve international problems
Based on the graph, which of the following is an accurate statement about the
information in the graph
➔ Most independents are moderately religious
➔ Very religious Muslims are most likely to be Republicans
➔ Moderately religious Americans are most likely to be Republicans
➔ Very religious Americans are most likely to be Republicans
19. *A cable news program asks its viewers to respond to an online poll and then proposes
to report on the results in tomorrow’s programs. Which of the following best describes
this practice?
➔ Exit poll
➔ Straw poll
➔ Push poll
➔ Tracking poll
20. *A pollster asks who people would vote in this upcoming Presidential election and does
so each week to follow what candidate is doing well and what candidates are doing
poorly. Which of the following best describes this practice?
➔ Exit poll
➔ Straw poll
➔ Push poll
➔ Tracking poll
21. *Which of the following has historically had the highest impact on political socialization
➔ Media
➔ Peers
➔ Politicians
➔ Family
22. *The validity of a poll is best determined by
➔ A sample of citizens who are contacted by large groups of volunteers going door
to door
➔ A reliance on using television as a primary medium to contact citizens
➔ Large online samples in which citizens are asked to voluntarily submit responses
➔ A random sample of citizens in a poll whose margin of error is less than 4%
23. *Use the table to answer the question
If the state is similar to most other states, how will the electoral votes most likely be
allocated?
➔ The votes will not be allocated until there has been a runoff election between the
two candidates
➔ The Republican candidate will receive 6 electoral votes, the Democrat will
receive 5, and the third place candidate will receive 2
➔ The Republican candidate will receive all 13 electoral votes
➔ The Republican candidate will receive 7 electoral votes and the Democrat will
receive 5
6. *The free rider problem refers to
➔ A person who benefits from an interest group that does not join in.
➔ A candidate with great personal wealth who does not need pac money.
➔ Candidates for office who faced no primary opposition.
➔ Members of Congress who take gifts from lobbyists.
7. *Use the quote to answer the question:
”A restriction on the amount of money a person or group can spend on political
communication during a campaign necessarily reduces the quantity of expression by
restricting the number of issues discussed the depth of their expression and the size of
the audience reached.... given the important role of contributions and financing political
campaign contribution restrictions could have a severe impact on political dialogue if the
limitations prevented candidates and political committees from amassing the resources
necessary for effective advocacy”
Which of the following statements best represents the decision made in this Supreme
Court case?
➔ It struck down provisions that allowed large donors the ability to serve on a
political campaign or be hired after the election
➔ It placed harsh restrictions on the amount of money that corporations and interest
groups could donate to candidates and political parties
➔ It ruled that political parties could not redraw political boundaries to favor their
party
➔ It ruled that placing restrictions on financial contributions would essentially be a
violation of the first amendments rights to free speech
8. *Which scenario best explains the big tent principle
➔ Democrats seeking labor support from labor unions
➔ Republicans seeking support from members of the National Rifle Association
➔ Republicans seeking support from evangelical African Americans
➔ Democrats seeking support from pro-choice New Yorkers
9. *In which way are interest groups most likely to influence decisions of the Supreme
Court
➔ By making a key donation to one of the justices they are trying to Lobby.
➔ By voting for justices who will likely decide in their favor.
➔ By filing an amicus curiae briefs supporting one side of a case that the court is
deciding.
➔ By controlling the decisions that reach the court.
10. *Use the chart to answer the question.
Why do interest groups support incumbents at a much higher rate than Challengers or in
open seats
➔ Incumbents usually win elections.
➔ Challenges are already very well-funded.
➔ Incumbents tend to be Republicans who receive much more money than
Democrats.
➔ Open seats are almost always a tossup
11. *Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two court cases?
➔ Buckley v. Valeo: placed caps on political spending limits; Citizens United v.
FEC: ruled that the 1st Amendment does not protect all political speech
➔ Buckley v. Valeo: allowed soft money; Citizens United v. FEC: banned hard
money
➔ Buckley v. Valeo: overturned some limits on political spending; Citizens United v.
FEC: allowed for the creation of issue advocacy groups to raise and spend
unlimited amounts of money
➔ Buckley v. Valeo: created the FEC; Citizens United v. FEC: stopped the ability of
interest groups to form Political Action Committees (PACs)
12. *A third party candidate has run for Congress 4 times with no success at winning a seat.
When she retires from seeking office, she wishes to promote electoral reforms to help
more candidates like herself have a better chance of winning. Which of the following
should she promote?
➔ Incorporation of the 3rd party platform into the platforms of the two major political
parties
➔ Abolishing the national televised Presidential debate
➔ Abolishment of the single member district winner take all voting systems in favor
of a proportional representation system
➔ Restrictions on negative television advertising
13. *Use the table to answer the question. Which of the following choices is an inaccurate
representation of the iron triangle?
➔ The President’s Chief of Staff is asked to be the new CEO of General Electric
➔ The former head of the Federal Reserve is asked to serve on the board of
directors for the iU.S Chambers of Commerce
➔ The CEO of Blue Cross/Blue Shield is tapped to be the next Secretary of Health
and Human Services
➔ A former Congressman on the armed services committee is hired as the chief
lobbyist for the Boeing Corporation
14. *Use the chart to answer the question
President Democrat
Which of the following phrases would most likely be associated with this case
➔ Fake news is not protected speech.
➔ Political speech is protected speech.
➔ The spoken word is not protected speech in every situation.
➔ One’s thoughts are protected speech.
20. *With reference to political parties, how does the U.S. Constitution describe them
➔ Mentions how primary elections are held
➔ Made no mention of them
➔ Provided a detailed plan for their organization
➔ Specified that Congress be organized along party lines
21. *Use the quote to answer the question:
“If the first amendment has any force it prohibits Congress from finding or jailing citizens
or associations of citizens were simply engaging in political speech... When government
seeks to use its full power including the criminal law to command where a person's may
get his or her information or what distributed sources he or she may not hear it uses
censorship to control thought this is unlawful the First Amendment confirms that freedom
to think for ourselves.” - Justice Anthony Kennedy writing for the majority in citizens
united V. Federal Election Commission
➔ The President's Chief of Staff, the CEO of Blue Cross/Blue Shield, the Secretary
of Health and Human Services
➔ The Chief of Justice of the Supreme Court, the President of the American Bat
Association, the Chairman of the Judiciary Committee
➔ Chairwoman of the armed services committee, the chief lobbyist for Boeing, the
Secretary of Defense
➔ Ranking member of the education committee, Secretary of the Department of
Education Department, the mayor of New York City
27. *Imagine you have been tasked to head a special committee to increase voter turnout in
the United States. Which of the following situations would provide the biggest
opportunities to increase voter turnout?
➔ Having earlier registration deadlines
➔ Holding more elections
➔ Moving toward a system of national nominating convention
➔ Turning Election Day into a national holiday
28. *Considering every election in the United States at the local, state, and federal level.
Which of the following best describes electoral behavior of the American people?
➔ Voter turnout almost no role in election outcomes.
➔ Primary elections usually have higher voter turnout than general elections.
➔ The majority of the electorate does not vote in most elections.
➔ Citizens under the age of 30 have the highest rate of voter turnout.
29. *Use the quote to answer the question:
“Open, competitive examinations for testing the fitness of applicants for the public
service now classified or to be classified here under. Such as emanation shall be
practical in their character, and so far as may be shall relate to those matters which will
fairly test the relative capacity and fitness of the persons examined to discharge the
duties of the service into which they seek to be appointed. That no person in the public
service is for the reason under any obligation to contribute to any political fund or to
render any political service, and that he will not be removed or otherwise prejudiced for
refusing to do so” - Provisions of the Pendleton Act (1883)
The Pendleton act led to which of the following for the federal government
➔ Political Based Appointments.
➔ The spoils system.
➔ Reduced accountability.
➔ Merit-based hiring.
30. *Use the image to answer the question. Republican candidate Donald Trump often used
social media as an effective way to promote a candidate-centered campaign which
allows him to
“When deciding for whom they will vote, some voters evaluate candidates on the
basis of their positions on issues and then cast their ballots for those who best
represent their views. Called prospective voting, this method of evaluation
focuses on what the candidates will do in the future. I'm more common form of
candidate evaluation is retrospective voting, in which a voter examines an
incumbent candidate out of the basis of whether their incumbents past decisions
and actions are satisfactory to the voter.” - Pippa Norris
Which of the following best illustrates the desired goals from this quote?
➔ The outcome of the Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. FEC
➔ PACs who are required to disclose their donors and are limited on their donations
➔ Large corporations spending hundreds of millions of dollars in the 2016
➔ The creation of super PACs
35. *Which of the following is true about most third-party campaigns in American history?
➔ They usually become major political parties over time.
➔ They raise more money than two major parties.
➔ They frequently are successful.
➔ They almost never win office.
36. *This question is based on the excerpt below:
Based on the excerpt above which of the following statements about interest groups
would correspond with the viewpoint of the author?
➔ Interest groups are usually co-opted by wealthy corporations and elites who have
disproportionate influence in society.
➔ Competing interest groups can oftentimes conflict with one another, leading to
policy gridlock and legislative inaction.
➔ interest groups are rarely criticized, since the public overwhelming view lobbyists
as positive contributors to a democracy.
➔ interest groups are necessary linkage institutions in a society where a multitude
of citizens are trying to have their voices heard.
37. *Use the chart to answer the question:
Hypothetical congressional election results (Note:there are 435 total seats in Congress)
Party C 10% 0
Party D 2% 0
Which of the following is the most likely reason that party C did not win any seats in
Congress
➔ Parties a and b ran candidates with better debate skills than party C.
➔ The election had high voter turnout and Party C voters did not turn out at high
rates.
➔ The election use single member district winner-take-all rules which hindered
party C.
➔ Party C did not present a coherent set of ideas to the electorate in the campaign.
38. *Use the chart to answer the question. The two major parties often issue formal
statements of its principles and policy objectives prior to the general election. What is
this referred to as?
Democrats
a. Strong support of rights granted from Roe v. Wade
b. Curbing the interests of well financed lobbyists & special interests
c. The right to own firearms is subject to more regulation
Republicans
a. Congress cannot balance the budget by raising taxes
b. Congress should repeal Obamacare
c. Support a Constitutional Amendment defining marriage as a union between
one man and one woman
➔ Platform
➔ Coalition
➔ Constituency
➔ Affiliation
39. *Which of the following scenarios represents the practice of “ticket splitting”?
➔ The procedure used to conduct automatic vote-counting
➔ voting for one party for one office and another party for another office.
➔ voting with one party in one presidential election and another party in the next
presidential election
➔ switching membership in political parties
40. *Use the table to answer the following question:
Which of the following individuals would be the most effective person to hire to represent
these large lobbying interests?
➔ The former head of a federal agency that oversees your business
➔ A community activist who often rallies large numbers of people to protest causes
related to your business
➔ A former congressman who lives in the same district that your headquarters are
located
➔ A former government official of a foreign government
41. *Which of the following explains why politicians and citizens oftentimes criticize interest
groups?
➔ Interest groups increase the awareness of special interest groups to the
electorate
➔ Interest groups may over represent the interests of elites, thus limiting
representative democracy.
➔ Interest groups provide information to members of congress that is favorable to a
position taken by a special interest group
➔ Interest groups poll the public to help determine a position that a special interest
group should take.
42. *Both democrats and republicans agree that immigration should be a major concern of
the federal government. Where are there disagreements over the policy of immigration?
➔ Democrats would more supportive of a physical barrier along the southern border
with Mexico.
➔ Republicans would be more supportive of increasing the net immigration levels to
help solve the problems of underemployment.
➔ Democrats would be more supportive of a pathway to citizenship for immigrants
who are already in the United States.
➔ Republicans would be more supportive of providing economic and health benefits
to newly arriving immigrants to the United States.
43. *Which of the following best describes the relationship between income and vote
choice?
➔ Those with the highest income and those with the lowest income tend to vote for
Republicans
➔ Those with lower incomes tend to vote for Republicans, those with higher
incomes vote for democrats.
➔ Those with the highest income and those with the lowest income tend to vote for
Democrats.
➔ Those with lower incomes tend to vote for Democrats, those with higher incomes
vote for Republicans.
44. Former President Jimmy Carter (1977 -1981) bemoaned the influence of special-
interest, saying that they are “the single greatest threat to the proper functioning of our
democratic system”. Ronald Reagan (1981 -1989) said that interest groups are “placing
out focus our constitutional balance”. What would these presidents think about the role
of interest groups today?
➔ They would be encouraged by the wide-reaching amount of legislation passed by
Congress to limit the amount of money in politics.
➔ They would be concerned that the number of interest groups have grown
exponentially and most Americans now are a member of an interest group.
➔ They would be worried that the role of Super PACs and 501(c)(4) groups have
rapidly increased the amount of money in politics.
➔ They would be happy about the role that the Supreme Court has played in strictly
limiting the amount of money in politics.
45. *Use the chart to answer the question. What is the most likely predictor for voting for a
particular candidate in the presidential election?
➔ Party identification
➔ Bipartisanship
➔ Character
➔ Gender
46. Which of the following correctly pairs a theory of representative democracy and
the actions of an interest group?
➔ A) Pluralism; Interest groups representing oil companies and environmental
groups work to help pass a compromise bill from Congress on global warming
➔ B) Elitism; Multiple interest groups from both the tobacco lobby and health
industry work together to provide services to their respective constituents
➔ C) Hyper Pluralism; Two interest groups representing Wall Street interests
provide the vast amount of financial support to Congress people voting on a bill
to limit banks
➔ D) Populism; Many interest groups from both sides of a controversial issue
manage to stop all pending legislation from Congress
47. *A primary election in which voters are required to identify a party preference before the
election and are not allowed to split their ticket is called
➔ A closed primary
➔ An open primary
➔ A blanket primary
➔ A runoff primary
48. *Use the following visual to answer the question:
Which term explains how people move from point to point within the Iron Triangle?
➔ Revolving door
➔ Issue network
➔ Electioneering
➔ lobbyist
49. *Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two types of primary?
➔ A) Open primary: also known as the Australian primary; Closed primary: also
known as a blanket primary
➔ B) Open primary: candidates from any party can run; Closed primary: candidates
from only the two major parties can run
➔ C) Open primary: strict limits on spending; Closed primary: no limits on spending
➔ D) Open primary: all voters can vote regardless of party identification; Closed
primary; only voters of a specific political party can vote
50. *The principal function of an interest group is to
➔ Draw media attention to its cause
➔ Obtain favorable policies from the government for the cause it supports
➔ Win congressional seats
➔ Provide campaign money to candidates for public office who favor its programs
51. *The following questions are based on the excerpt below:
“By a faction I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a
minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of
passion, or interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and
aggregate interests of the community. There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of
faction: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects”
- James Madison, Federalist No. 10
For Madison in Federalist No. 10 “the most common and durable source of factions has
been”:
➔ The unequal distribution of property
➔ The various political views held by the elites
➔ Unequal natural abilities of people
➔ Religion and ideology
52. Which of the following would most likely be accused of influence peddling through the
revolving door?
➔ A former president who advises the current president on a particular foreign
policy issue
➔ A voter who researchers the positions of all candidates in a race and chooses the
one who will personally benefit his positions on tax policy
➔ An official who leaves the State Department in order to work as a paid consultant
to foreign governments
➔ A congressperson who retires to take a position teaching political science at a
university
53. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the recent trend shown in the graph
above?
➔ Proliferation of
➔ Buckley v. Valeo
➔ Gerrymandering
➔ Citizens v. FEC