Literature Survey: HTML5 Is The Next Major Revision of The HTML Standard, Currently Under Development
Literature Survey: HTML5 Is The Next Major Revision of The HTML Standard, Currently Under Development
Literature Survey: HTML5 Is The Next Major Revision of The HTML Standard, Currently Under Development
1. LITERATURE SURVEY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
HTML5 is a response to the observation that the HTML and XHTML in common use on
the World Wide Web is a mixture of features introduced by various specifications, along
with those introduced by software products such as web browsers, those established by
common practice, together with many syntax errors in existing web documents. It is also
an attempt to define a single markup language that can be written in either HTML or
XHTML syntax. It includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable
implementations; it extends, improves and rationalizes the markup available for
documents, and introduces markup and APIs for complex web applications [3].
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required processing for invalid documents, so that syntax errors will be treated uniformly
by all conforming browsers and other user agents.
For its first five years (1990-1995), HTML went through a number of revisions and
experienced a number of extensions, primarily hosted first at CERN, and then at the IETF.
With the creation of the W3C, HTML's development changed venue again. A first
abortive attempt at extending HTML in 1995 known as HTML 3.0 then made way to a
more pragmatic approach known as HTML 3.2, which was completed in 1997. HTML4
followed, reaching completion in 1998.
At this time, the W3C membership decided to stop evolving HTML and instead begin
work on an XML-based equivalent, called XHTML. This effort started with a
reformulation of HTML4 in XML, known as XHTML 1.0, which added no new features
except the new serialization, and which was completed in 2000. After XHTML 1.0, the
W3C's focus turned to making it easier for other working groups to extend XHTML, under
the banner of XHTML Modularization. In parallel with this, the W3C also worked on a
new language that was not compatible with the earlier HTML and XHTML languages,
calling it XHTML2.
Around the time that HTML's evolution was stopped in 1998, parts of the API for HTML
developed by browser vendors were specified and published under the name DOM Level
1 (in 1998) and DOM Level 2 Core and DOM Level 2 HTML (starting in 2000 and
culminating in 2003). These efforts then petered out, with some DOM Level 3
specifications published in 2004 but the working group being closed before all the Level 3
drafts were completed.
In 2003, the publication of XForms, a technology which was positioned as the next
generation of Web forms, sparked a renewed interest in evolving HTML itself, rather than
finding replacements for it. This interest was borne from the realization that XML's
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deployment as a Web technology was limited to entirely new technologies (like RSS and
later Atom), rather than as a replacement for existing deployed technologies (like HTML).
The idea that HTML's evolution should be reopened was tested at a W3C workshop in
2004, where some of the principles that underlie the HTML5 work (described below), as
well as the aforementioned early draft proposal covering just forms-related features, were
presented to the W3C jointly by Mozilla and Opera. The proposal was rejected on the
grounds that the proposal conflicted with the previously chosen direction for the Web's
evolution; the W3C staff and membership voted to continue developing XML-based
replacements instead.
Shortly thereafter, Apple, Mozilla, and Opera jointly announced their intent to continue
working on the effort under the umbrella of a new venue called the WHATWG. A public
mailing list was created, and the draft was moved to the WHATWG site. The copyright
was subsequently amended to be jointly owned by all three vendors, and to allow reuse of
the specification.
The WHATWG was based on several core principles, in particular that technologies need
to be backwards compatible that specifications and implementations need to match even if
this means changing the specification rather than the implementations, and that
specifications need to be detailed enough that implementations can achieve complete
interoperability without reverse-engineering each other.
In 2006, the W3C indicated an interest to participate in the development of HTML5 after
all, and in 2007 formed a working group chartered to work with the WHATWG on the
development of the HTML5 specification. Apple, Mozilla, and Opera allowed the W3C to
publish the specification under the W3C copyright, while keeping a version with the less
restrictive license on the WHATWG site.
A separate document has been published by the W3C HTML working group to document
the differences between this specification and the language described in the HTML4
specification.
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2. New APIs
Geolocation
Web SQL Database, a local SQL Database.
The Indexed Database API, an indexed hierarchical key-value store (formerly
WebSimpleDB).
The W3C publishes specifications for these separately.
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Sample page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Sample page</h1>
<p>This is a <a href="demo.html">simple</a> sample</p>
<!-- this is a comment -->
</body>
</html>
Unlike HTML4, HTML5 comes with only one Document type definition (DTD), <!
doctype html>.
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their own Safari browser. Canvas consists of a drawable region defined in HTML code
with height and width attributes.
Canvas.
</canvas>
Some anticipated uses of canvas include building graphs, animations, games, and image
composition.
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element:
of playing videos or movies, partially replacing the object element. Embedding video
Flash.
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The following HTML5 code fragment will embed a WebM video into a web page:
</video>
The VIDEO element is supported by the current versions of Internet Explorer 9.0,
Fig: videos embedded into firefox & safari browsers using <video> element.
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HTML5 storage provides a way for web sites to store information on your computer and
retrieve it later. The concept is similar to cookies, but it’s designed for larger quantities of
information. Cookies are limited in size, and your browser sends them back to the web
server every time it requests a new page (which takes extra time and precious
bandwidth). HTML5 storage stays on your computer, and web sites can access it with
Firefox, this test will raise an exception if cookies are disabled, so the entire test is wrapped
in a try..catch statement.
function supports_local_storage()
{
try
{
return 'localStorage' in window && window['localStorage'] !==
null;
}
catch(e)
{
return false;
}
}
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Reading static web pages offline is easy: connect to the Internet, load a web page,
disconnect from the Internet, drive to a secluded cabin, and read the web page at your
leisure. (To save time, you may wish to skip the step about the cabin.) But what about web
applications like Gmail or Google Docs? Thanks to HTML5, anyone (not just Google!) can
Offline web applications start out as online web applications. The first time you visit an
offline-enabled web site, the web server tells your browser which files it needs in order to
work offline. These files can be anything — HTML, JavaScript, images, even videos. Once
your browser downloads all the necessary files, you can revisit the web site even if you’re
not connected to the Internet. Your browser will notice that you’re offline and use the files
it has already downloaded. When you get back online, any changes you’ve made can be
Checking for offline support uses detection technique. If your browser supports offline web
will be undefined. You can check for offline support with the following function:
function supports_offline()
{
return !!window.applicationCache;
}
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4.5 GEOLOCATION[10]
Geolocation is the art of figuring out where you are in the world and (optionally) sharing
that information with people you trust. There is more than one way to figure out where you
are — your IP address, your wireless network connection, which cell tower your phone is
function supports_geolocation()
{
return !!navigator.geolocation;
}
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5. HTML5 compatibility
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6 Conclusion
The report presented the evaluation of HTML5, various differences of HTML4 &
HTML5 and main features of HTML5. From this report we can conclude that HTML5 is
going to play a major role in building multimedia based websites and web applications.
We don’t need to install third-party add-ons (ex: Adobe Flash Player, Quick Time Player)
to insert any multimedia date like video, audio which directly consumes main memory
space & slows down the system performance. And, HTML5 can’t be termed as Killer of
FLASH. And it also removed mostly unused & annoying elements that were present in
previous versions. And offline browsing is also an essential feature for those people who
we can’t term it as perfect markup language for web applications & websites.
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Abbreviations
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References
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