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    10 - Geotechnical Engineering PDF

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    Khaled Al-Swairki
    This document provides a historical perspective on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. It discusses how the field began in the 18th century through early studies of soil properties and behaviors. Two important milestones were Coulomb's work on retaining wall stability in 1776 and Rankine's simplification of Coulomb's theory in 1856. The field became more established from 1910-1927 through studies of clay mechanics by Atterberg, Bell, and Terzaghi. Terzaghi in particular is cited as having an enormous impact by developing theories that remain core to geotechnical engineering today. The document presents some background on Terzaghi and his contributions to establishing soil mechanics as a distinct field of civil engineering.

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    10 - Geotechnical Engineering PDF

    Uploaded by

    Khaled Al-Swairki
    64 views9 pages
    This document provides a historical perspective on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. It discusses how the field began in the 18th century through early studies of soil properties and behaviors. Two important milestones were Coulomb's work on retaining wall stability in 1776 and Rankine's simplification of Coulomb's theory in 1856. The field became more established from 1910-1927 through studies of clay mechanics by Atterberg, Bell, and Terzaghi. Terzaghi in particular is cited as having an enormous impact by developing theories that remain core to geotechnical engineering today. The document presents some background on Terzaghi and his contributions to establishing soil mechanics as a distinct field of civil engineering.

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    This document provides a historical perspective on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. It discusses how the field began in the 18th century through early studies of soil properties and behaviors. Two important milestones were Coulomb's work on retaining wall stability in 1776 and Rankine's simplification of Coulomb's theory in 1856. The field became more established from 1910-1927 through studies of clay mechanics by Atterberg, Bell, and Terzaghi. Terzaghi in particular is cited as having an enormous impact by developing theories that remain core to geotechnical engineering today. The document presents some background on Terzaghi and his contributions to establishing soil mechanics as a distinct field of civil engineering.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views9 pages

    10 - Geotechnical Engineering PDF

    Uploaded by

    Khaled Al-Swairki
    This document provides a historical perspective on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. It discusses how the field began in the 18th century through early studies of soil properties and behaviors. Two important milestones were Coulomb's work on retaining wall stability in 1776 and Rankine's simplification of Coulomb's theory in 1856. The field became more established from 1910-1927 through studies of clay mechanics by Atterberg, Bell, and Terzaghi. Terzaghi in particular is cited as having an enormous impact by developing theories that remain core to geotechnical engineering today. The document presents some background on Terzaghi and his contributions to establishing soil mechanics as a distinct field of civil engineering.

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    of 9

    ECIV 3302

    Engineering Geology

    CHAPTER 1
    GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING –
    A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
    Associate Professor Mazen Abualtayef
    Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
    Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine
    The materials are mostly adapted from the presentation of Dr. Ahmed Abu Foul

    1
    Soil Mechanics
    Soil mechanics is the branch of science that
    deals with the study of physical properties of soil
    and the behavior of soil masses subjected to
    various types of forces.

    Soil is defined as the un-cemented aggregate of


    mineral grains and decayed organic matter (solid
    particles) with liquid and gas in the empty spaces
    between the solid particles.

    2
    Historical Perspective of Soil
    Mechanics & Geotechnical Engineering
     The record of the first use of soil as a
    construction material by mankind is lost in
    antiquity.
     In true engineering sense, there is no
    ‘Geotechnical Engineering’ prior to the 18th
    Century.
     One of the most famous example of problems
    related to soil bearing capacity and foundations
    in the construction of structures prior to 18th
    century is the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy.
     The construction of the Tower began in 1173
    3
    A.D. and last over 200 years.
    Historical Perspective of Soil
    Mechanics & Geotechnical
    . Engineering
    The Leaning Tower of Pisa,
    Italy.
    Morning, 1 March 2004. SW
    view
    Height: 54 m;
    Max tilt: 5 m out of plumb
    Tilt direction: E, N, W, and S.
    Weight: 15,700 tons;
    Base: φ = 20 m;
    Reason: a weak clay layer at
    11 m depth
    Solution: excavation of soil
    from north side for about 70
    tons. 4
    Tilting of Garisenda Tower (left) in Bologna, Italy (built in 12th5
    Century)
    Study of soil behavior in a more methodical manner in the
    area of geotechnical engineering started in the early part
    of the 18th century, and last to 1927.

    The development of soil mechanics can be divided into


    four phases, according to Skempton (1985):

    1- Pre-classical period (1700-1776):


    The natural slope, the unit weight and rough classification
    of soils;
    2- Classical soil mechanics –Phase I (1776-1856):
    Started from French scientist Coulomb’s presentation on
    determining the sliding surface in soil behind a retaining
    wall; ended by the publication of Rankine’s paper on
    earth lateral pressure.
    Rankin’s theory is a simplification of Coulomb’s theory.
    6
    3- Classical soil mechanics –Phase II (1856-1910)
    Started from the publication of a paper on the
    permeability of sand filters by French engineer Darcy in
    1856.

    4- Modern soil mechanics (1910-1927)


    Marked by a series of important studies and publications
    related to the mechanic behavior of clays, most
    noticeable:
    Atterberg (1911) on consistency of clayey soils, the
    Atterberg limits;
    Bell (1915) on lateral pressure and resistance of clays;
    Terzaghi (1925) on theory of consolidation for clays.

    7
    Geotechnical Engineering after 1927
    The development of Geotechnical Engineering as
    a branch of Civil Engineering is absolutely
    impacted by one single professional individual –
    Karl Terzaghi (1883-1963).

    His contribution has spread to almost every topic


    in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering
    covered by the test book:

    8
    Born: October 2, 1883 in Prague
    Died: October 25, 1963 in Winchester,
    Massachusetts.
    He won the Norman Medal of ASCE
    four times (1930, 1943, 1946, and
    1955).
    He was given nine honorary doctorate
    degrees from universities in eight
    different countries.
    He started modern soil mechanics with
    his theories of consolidation, lateral
    earth pressures, bearing capacity, and
    stability.

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