Co6 Reviewer
Co6 Reviewer
Co6 Reviewer
SYSTEM
- Organ system that composed of nerve
cells and glial cells that carry messages Central Nervous System
to and from the brain and spinal cord to
the different parts of the body. - Brain and Spinal Cord
Cell body
- nucleus and organelles
Dendrites
- receive information from other
neurons and brings to cell body
Axons
- wrapped with myelin sheath;
transmit information away
CELLS TYPES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
from the cell body
Node of Ranvier
Central Nervous System
- gaps in the myelinated axons;
Astrocyte – blood brain barrier;
allow ions to diffuse in and out
anchors the neurons to their
of neurons
blood supply; exchange of
Synapse
nutrients between neurons and
- junction between 2 neurons
capillaries
Neurotransmitters
Microglial cells – immune cells
- chemical messengers sent
of the nervous system;
across synapses
phagocyte
Ependymal cells – lines the
TYPES OF NEURONS
brain and the spinal cord;
Sensory Neurons – Receptor to CNS
produces CSF
(efferent or receives information)
Oligodendrocytes – wrap
Relay Neurons – CNS to CNS
around neurons; produces
Motor Neurons – CNS to Effector
myelin sheath
(afferent or sends information)
Peripheral Nervous System
MIDBRAIN
- brain stem
- receives and processes the sensory
information
- unconscious responses
HINDBRAIN
- center in the brain responsible for
involuntary movements especially in
the respiratory and circulatory system
- associated in sleep and appetite
FOREBRAIN
- regulation of body temperature,
reproductive functions, eating, sleeping,
and the display of emotions (limbic FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
system)
OVARIES
- produce ova or egg cells and sex
hormones such as estrogen and
progesterone
- enclosed in a sac of composed of
connective and epithelial tissues
FALLOPIAN TUBE
- made of smooth muscles and mucous
cells
- brings oocytes (immature egg cells) to
uterus
UTERUS 1. Hypothalamus secretes
- stretchable muscular organ gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH).
- where the baby grows (womb)
OVARIAN CYCLE
2. Proliferative phase
- involves the regeneration and
thickening of the endometrium
3. Secretory phase
- endometrium continues to develop
TESTES
- produces the sperm and
testosterone
- found inside the scrotum
- requires temperature < 37 ⁰C to
WHAT IF A MATURE EGG CELL IS NOT YET efficiently undergo
FERTILIZED? spermatogenesis
If fertilization fails to occur, - composed of lobules that have
endometrium ruptures and causes seminiferous tubules
menstruation
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
WHY DO WOMEN BLEED BLOOD DURING - sperm factories
THEIR PERIOD? - composed of a fluid-filled lumen
When an egg cell is not fertilized, surrounded by stratified epithelial cells
estrogen and progesterone levels
decrease. This leads to the shedding SERTOLI CELLS
of the endometrium. The blood lost - nourish developing sperm cells
during the period is the lining of
the uterus (endometrium). LEYDIG CELLS
- secrete testosterone
8.Spermatids elongate and grow a tail
(flagellum) for mobility.
SPERMATOGENESIS
- Once the sperm cell enters the After a week, the blastocyst is
egg cell, it releases calcium implanted on the endometrium
ion s to prevent any other due to the release of estrogen
sperm from entering it. and progesterone.
EMBRYONIC STAGE
The blastocyst composed of stem
cells differentiated into many
different cell types.
CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS
- prevents ovulation
- thickens cervical mucus that slows
down the mobility of sperm
- Thins the uterus lining preventing the
implantation of a fertilized egg
MISCARRIAGE
- loss of baby before 20 weeks of
pregnancy
- pathogen and weak immune system
- hormonal imbalances
INFERTILITY
FEMALE
- hormonal imbalances
- problems associated with ovulation
(irregular release of egg)
- polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)