Cad Cam Full Detail Practical
Cad Cam Full Detail Practical
Cad Cam Full Detail Practical
(Mechanical Engineering)
(2018-2022)
TO
DRAWING
FOCUS
Projection of an entity on work plane is called focus.
PROJECTION
Any kind of representation of an object on paper, screen
By drawing or by photography is called projection of that
Object.
COORDINATE SYSTEM
It canbe described as three principal axes, mutually
Perpendicular to each other and passes through a common
Point known as origin.
UNIT
A quantity or amount used as standard of
measurement. As far as possible all dimension should we
give preferably in one unit only in millimeter but we use
sometimes inches unit.
VIEWS
ORTHOGRAOHIC VIEWS
Orthographic system of projection is a method of
Representing the exact shape of the three dimensional
Object on a two-dimensional drawing sheet in two or three
Views. As such, the orthographic system of projection
is also called multi-view projection method.
AXONOMETRIC VIEWS
These are type of axonometric projection. The feature,
feature, which distinguishes axonometric from other
projection. As the axes, or the principal edges, the object are
inclined to the plane of projection.
DIMENSIONING
Absolute dimensioning
When we start the dimensioning with one origin point is
Called absolute dimensioning.
Incremental dimensioning
When we start the dimensioning with every previous point as
an origin point that is called incremental dimensioning.
Method of dimensioning
• Liner dimensioning
• Aligned dimensioning
• Jogger dimensioning
• Radial dimensioning
• Diametrical dimensioning
• Angular dimensioning
Scale
Computer-Aided Design
INTRODUCTION
1. Geometric modeling
2. Engineering analysis
3. Design review and evaluation 4. Automated drafting.
Geometric modeling
In computer-aided design, geometric modeling is concerned with
the compatible mathematical description of the geometry of an
object. The mathematical description allows the image of the
object to be displayed and manipulated on graphics terminal
through signals from the CPU of the CAD system. The software
that provides geometric modeling capabilities must be designed
for efficient use both by the computer and the human designer.
The third type of the command causes the various elements to
be joined into the desired shape of the object being created on
the ICG system. During this geometric modeling process, the
computer converts the commands into a mathematical model,
stores it in the computer data files, and displayed it as an image
on the CRT screen. The model can subsequently be called from
the data files for review, analysis, or alteration.
Automated Drafting
Design analysis
Benefits in manufacturing
The benefits of computer –aided design carry over into
manufacturing as indicated previously, the same CAD/CMA data
base is used for manufacturing planning and control, as well as
for design. The manufacturing benefits are found in the following
areas:
Introduction
1. Directed-beam refresh
2. Directed-view storage tube
3. Raster Scan
Colour and animation in computer graphics
The capabilities for multicolored images and animated pictures
in computer graphics are largely dependent on the hardware
considerations .The typical color CRT uses three electron beams
and triad of color dots on the phosphor screen to provide each
of three colors at different intensity levels, a variety of colors can
be created on the screen .It is more difficult to fabricate a
strokewriting tube which is precise enough for color because of
the technical problem of getting the three beams to converge
properly against the screen.
When we open AUTO CAD software then it is started page of this software.
History of AUTO CAD
AutoCAD was derived from a 1977 program called Interact CAD,
which was written in a proprietary language (SPL) by inventor
Michael Riddle who later co-founded Autodesk to market
AutoCAD. This early version ran on the Marinchip Systems 9900
computer (Marinchip Systems was owned by Autodesk
cofounders John Walker and Dan Drake). While initially Walker
and Riddle had a profits-sharing agreement for any product
derived from Interact, in the end Walker paid Riddle US$10
million for all the rights.
Draw toolbar
You can show the draw toolbar in AUTO CAD software.
Draw toolbar
Line Command
The user defines two points and we can constructs a line
between them. We can create a series of continues line segment.
Each segment has line object that can be edited separately.
Polyline command
A polyline is a connected sequence of segments created
as a single planer object you can create straight line segments,
arc segments or a combination of two. A polyline is made of
numerous lines/arcs/or both segmented together into one
selectable object.
Polygon command
Polygons are regular, multisided shapes such as pentagons,
hexagons etc. we can specify the different parameters of the
polygon including the number of sides. The difference between
the inscribed and circumscribed option.
Rectangle command
With the rectangle command, you can specify the rectangle
parameters (length, width, rotation) and control the type of
corners (fillet, chamfer, or square). This is basically a quick way
of drawing a four-segment plotline with four right angles.
Circle command
The only variables here are radius and centre point. It willdraw a
circle with thediameter that you specify.Its draw acircle thatgoes
through thepoints you specify.
Spline command
Ellipse command
The shape of an ellipse is determined by two axes that define its
length and width. The longer axis is called the major axis, and the
shorter one is the minor axis.
Hatch command
Fills in enclosed area or subjected objects with a hatch
pattern or fill.
You can choose from several methods to specify the
boundaries of a hatch:-
• Specify a point in an area that is enclosed by object.
• Select objects that enclose an area
• Drag a hatch pattern into an enclosed area from a tool
palette or design centre.
Multiline text
You can create several paragraphs of text as a single
multiline text object with the built-in editor; you can format the
text appearance, columns, and boundaries.
Modify toolbar
You can show the modify toolbar in AutoCAD software.
Modify toolbar
Copy command
Array command
Creates multiple copies of object in pattern. You can
create copies of objects in a regularly spaced rectangular or polar
array.An array is a quick way of doing a lot of copying, as long as
all the copies are arranged in a simplistic way.
Scale command
To scale an object, specify a base point and a scale factor. The
base point acts as the centre of the scaling operation and
remains stationary. A scale factor greater than 1 enlarges the
objects. A scale factor between 0 and 1 shrinks the objects. An
easy way of changing a drawing from meters to millimeters is to
scale everything up by a factor of 1000.
Trim command
Trims objects to meet the edges of other object. To trim
objects, select the boundaries. Then press ENTER and select the
objects that you want to trim. To use all objects as boundaries,
press ENTER at the first select objects prompt. Specify an object
selection method to select the objects to trim. If more than one
trim result is possible, the location of the first selection point
determines the result.
Break command
You can create a gap between two specified points on an object,
breaking it into two objects. If the points are off of an object,
they are automatically projected on to the object. BREAK is often
used to create space for a block or text. To split an object in two
without erasing a portion, enter the same point for both the first
and second points. You can do this by entering @ to specify the
second point.
Stretch command
Objects that are partially enclosed by a crossing window are
stretched. Objects that are completely enclosed within the
crossing window, or that are selected individually, are moved
rather than stretched. Several objects such as circles, ellipses,
andblocks, cannot be stretched.
Chamfer command
You can chamfer lines, polylines, rays, and xlines. You can also
chamfer 3D solids and surfaces. If you select a mesh to chamfer,
you can choose to convert it to a solid or surface before
completing the operation.If you select an edge on a 3D solid, you
must indicate which one of the two surfaces adjacent to the edge
is the base surface.
Fillet command
In the example, an arc is created that is tangent to both of the
selected lines. The lines are trimmed to the ends of the arc. To
create a sharp corner instead, enter a radius of zero.You can also
fillet 3D solids and surfaces. If you select a mesh object for
filleting, you can choose to convert the mesh to a solid or surface
and continue the operation.
Chamfer Fillet
Dimension toolbar
You can show the dimension toolbar in AutoCAD software.
Dimensional toolbar
Linear dimension
Creates a linear dimension with a horizontal, vertical, or rotated
dimension line.Uses the point you specify to locate the
dimension line and determines the direction to draw the
extension lines. After you specify the location, the dimension is
drawn.
Baseline dimension
The default spacing between baseline dimensions can be set
from the Dimension Style Manager, Lines tab, Baseline Spacing
(DIMDLI system variable).If no dimension was created in the
current session, you are prompted to select a linear, ordinate, or
angular dimension to use as the base for the baseline dimension.
Continue dimension
Automatically continues creating additional dimensions from the
last linear, angular, or ordinate dimension created, or from a
selected extension line. The dimension lines are lined up
automatically. If no dimension was created in the current
session, you are prompted to select a linear, ordinate, or angular
dimension to use as the base for the continued dimension.
Ordinate dimension
Ordinate dimensions measure the horizontal or vertical distance
from an origin point called the datum to a feature, such as a hole
in a part. These dimensions prevent escalating errors by
maintaining accurate offsets of the features from the datum.
Customizes the dimension text at the Command prompt. The
generated dimension measurement is displayed within angle
brackets.
Diameter dimension
Creates a diameter dimension for a circle or an arc.
Measures the diameter of a selected circle or arc, and displays
the dimension text with a diameter symbol in front of it. You can
use grips to easily reposition the resulting diameter dimension.
If the dimension is placed off of an arc resulting in the dimension
pointing outside the arc, AutoCAD automatically draws an arc
extension line.
Properties toolbar
You can show the properties toolbar in AutoCAD
software.
Properties toolbar
Layers command
In this toolbar you can change the line color, line type, and line
weight. You can change the color the drawing in different parts
objects. In this the hiding objects you can use the line type. You
also change the line depth and weight with using line weight
control.