FINAL REPORT

On

Design of Smart Parking Facility for IIT Jammu Campus

Course: Smart and Sustainable Cities (CEL 802)

Submitted to

Prof. Ashoke Sarkar

Submitted by:

Shivam Singh Chouhan (2019rce0026)

Harpreet Singh (2019rce0027)

1. Introduction

1.1 General

Parking is one of the major problems that is created by the increasing road traffic. It is an
impact of transport development. The availability of less space in urban areas has increased
the demand for parking space especially in areas like Central business district. This affects
the mode choice also. This has a great economic impact.
Smart Parking is a parking strategy that combines technology and human innovation in an
effort to use as few resources as possible such as fuel, time and space to achieve faster, easier
and denser parking of vehicles for the majority of time they remain idle. Smart Parking and
its sister approach, Intelligent Transportation, are based on the fundamental ecological
principle that we are all connected. Parking and transportation are both essential in the
movement of people and goods. The Smart Parking and Intelligent Transportation vision and
overlapping technologies are steadily melding into one integrated stream.
1.2 Need of the Study
This campus is most important place to develop advance parking system because it doesn’t
have a proper parking place and lack of open area. Hence it causes various problems like
generating of shock waves improper management parking of vehicles. So on Main Street
generates problems to the vehicle moving on Main Street.
1.3 Study Area
Area selected for the design of advance parking system is campus of Indian Institute of
Technology, Jammu. IIT Jammu is an Institute of National Importance funded by the
Government of India. IIT Jammu started its journey in the year 2016 at a temporary campus
in Paloura, Jammu and has later moved to the transit campus which is located on the main
campus site in Jagti, Jammu. At present, IIT Jammu is offering B.Tech degree in six major
disciplines viz. Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science,
Chemical Engineering, Material Engineering and Ph.D. in major relevant areas (including
Physics, chemistry, and mathematics). IIT Jammu is on the verge of establishing highly
dedicated central research facilities along with advanced teaching laboratories. IIT Jammu’s
goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative
endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life.
Figure 1 and 2 depicts the different locations of available parking spot locations inside and
outside IIT Jammu campus.
 Figure 1: Available parking location

Figure 2: Available parking location

1.4 Objective of study

 Identification of designated parking locations at IIT Jammu campus to ensure student

safety.
 To design an optimum parking facility for IIT Jammu campus which will result in
reduction of vehicle congestion.
 To propose a smart vehicle parking facility which will reduce driver stress while
searching for parking space.
2. Methodology:
2.1 Parking Survey:

Parking surveys was done for the selected locations at IIT Jammu campus. Generally, the
most common parking surveys conducted are in-out survey, fixed period sampling and
license plate method of survey. For the current problem we conducted fixed period sampling
survey. For quick survey purposes, a fixed period sampling is generally done. This is almost
similar to in-out survey. All vehicles are counted at the beginning of the survey. Then after a
fixed time interval which varied between 15 minutes to 1 hour, the count was again taken.
Here there are chances of missing the number of vehicles that were parked for a short
duration. This survey was done to get the approximate number of vehicle parked inside and
outside the campus.

2.2. Parking system

2.2.1 On street parking

On street parking means the vehicles are parked on the sides of the street itself. This will be
usually controlled by government agencies itself. Common types of on-street parking are as
listed below. This classification is based on the angle in which the vehicles are parked with
respect to the road alignment. As per IRC the standard dimensions of a car is taken as 5× 2.5
meters and that for a truck is 3.75× 7.5 meters.

 Parallel parking: The vehicles are parked along the length of the road. Here there is
no backward movement involved while parking or un-parking the vehicle. Hence, it is
the safest parking from the accident perspective. However, it consumes the maximum
curb length and therefore only a minimum number of vehicles can be parked for a
given kerb length. This method of parking produces least obstruction to the on-going
traffic on the road since least road width is used. Parallel parking of cars is shown in
figure 3.
 Figure 3: Parallel Parking
 30 parking: In thirty degree parking, the vehicles are parked at 30∘ with respect to
the road alignment. In this case, more vehicles can be parked compared to parallel
parking. Also there is better maneuverability. Delay caused to the traffic is also
minimum in this type of parking. An example is shown in figure 4.

Figure 4: 30 parking

 45 parking: As the angle of parking increases, more number of vehicles can be
parked. Hence compared to parallel parking and thirty degree parking, more number
of vehicles can be accommodated in this type of parking.

Figure 5:45 parking

  60 parking: The vehicles are parked at 60∘ to the direction of road. More number of
vehicles can be accommodated in this parking type.

Figure 6: 60 parking

 Right angle parking: In right angle parking or 90 parking, the vehicles are parked
perpendicular to the direction of the road. Although it consumes maximum width kerb
length required is very little. In this type of parking, the vehicles need complex
maneuvering and this may cause severe accidents. This arrangement causes
obstruction to the road traffic particularly if the road width is less. However, it can
accommodate maximum number of vehicles for a given kerb length. An example is
shown in figure 7.

Figure 7: 90 Parking

2.2.2. Off street parking: In many urban centers, some areas are exclusively allotted for
parking which will be at some distance away from the main stream of traffic. Such a parking
is referred to as off-street parking. They may be operated by either public agencies or private
firms. A typical layout of an off-street parking is shown in figure 8.
 Figure 8: Off Street Parking

2.3 Calculation of Parking slots available:

2.4 Review of Smart parking Strategies: In order to reduce the damage caused by illegal
parking and parking space shortage problems, many researchers try to develop a smart
parking system that manages the conditions. Natrajan, PB. And Ghose, Sk. (2018) developed
a system using software and hardware module which provides an interface to the user and the
parking area so that user can easily get access to the parking slots available. This approach
was cost effective and it covers all the features of a complete intelligent car parking
management system. This system takes the input from IR sensors whenever car enters or
leaves the parking area and sends the information to Lab VIEW through my RIO. Lab VIEW
process the acquired information and send the information to the display devices using my
RIO. Different LEDs are used in order to indicate the present state of the slot and a display is
also present at the entrance which clearly indicates the available and the occupied slots. The
proposed model and its experimental hardware setup is depicted in Figure 9. Whenever a car
enters the parking area, a display board is present at the entrance which clearly gives
information about the total parking area. It clearly gives information about every slot with led
indication and text message.
 Figure 9. Proposed model and its experimental setup

In every parking slot an IR sensor is present and these sensors are connected to myRIO and
whenever a car enters or leaves the parking area, the data is continuously updated. In this
projects sensors are used as input devices and LEDs are used as output devices.
When a car enters or leaves the parking slot, respective led will glow immediately. If all the
parking slots are occupied then a text message with no parking slots available is displayed. IR
sensor detects the car and sends the data to LabVIEW through myRIO.
In LabVIEW case structure is used with true and false conditions, depending on the sensor
state the respective condition is executed which is depicted in Figure 10. IR sensor has two
parts a transmitter and a receiver, whenever a car is detected in the parking slot the receiver
will receive the signal and transmit it to the LabVIEW through myRIO, since the sensor is
connected directly to one of the port of the myRIO. The LabVIEW will manipulate the data
on display board which was received from my RIO and thus indicate the status of the slot
using LEDs. IR sensor detects the object, even the object is present or not it is continuously
monitored by myRIO and by means of my RIO the data is sent to Lab VIEW. The case loops
in LabVIEW are verified and checks whether the slots are empty or not. If the slot is empty
text message with empty slots are available and red led will glow. If some slots are filled then
the filled slots are indicated with green colour. If the entire slots are full a text message with
no empty slots available will be displayed and green LEDs will glow which is shown in
Figure 12.
 Figure 10: VI Implementation of Smart Car Parking System

Figure 11: VI front panel simulated result

3. Parking Survey Data Collection
3.1 Location 1: Near Front gate (Inside campus) towards North Block

Day Car Bike

Day 1 9 41
Day 2 12 40
Day 3 11 40
Day 4 10 42
Day 5 8 40
 Day 6 5 20

3.2 Location 2: Slope of South Block

Day Car Bike
Day 1 30 0
Day 2 27 0
Day 3 25 0
Day 4 28 0
Day 5 31 0
Day 6 15 0

3.3 Location 3: Outside college (Near front gate)

Day Car Bike

Day 1 5 35
Day 2 6 32
Day 3 5 35
Day 4 5 34
Day 5 6 33
Day 6 2 10

3.4. Location 4: Near mess (South Block)

Day Car Bike
Day 1 2 7
Day 2 5 5
Day 3 5 6
Day 4 2 7
Day 5 4 6
Day 6 0 5

3.5. Location 5: Outside Medical unit

Day Car Bike
Day 1 6 4
Day 2 5 4
Day 3 5 4
Day 4 6 4
Day 5 4 4
Day 6 4 4

3.6. Location 6: Level 120 – North Block

 Day Car Bike
Day 1 N.A* N.A
Day 2 N.A N.A
Day 3 N.A N.A
Day 4 N.A N.A
Day 5 N.A N.A
Day 6 N.A N.A
N.A* = Data was not available as no vehicle were allowed to park at this location due to
construction activities.

3.7. Location 7: Level 112 – North Block

Day Car Bike

Day 1 9 0
Day 2 10 0
Day 3 9 0
Day 4 8 0
Day 5 9 0
Day 6 4 0

4. Parking Design
4.1 Parking space optimization:
Inside the IIT Jammu campus currently there is no dedicated parking facility available,
therefore on-street parking is done in most of the areas. In this section, for different locations
different off-street parking strategies are given, so as to maximize the parking capacity for a
particular zone. While selecting the off-street parking type, the safety of students and any
other pedestrian is considered.
For Zone 1,
Total length of road approx.…15 m + 20 m
Type of parking proposed: Perpendicular parking (For cars)
Total no of parking slots available: 6
Type of parking proposed: Perpendicular parking (For Two-wheeler on both sides)
Total no of parking slots available: 40
For Zone 2,
Total length of road approx... 170 m.
Type of parking proposed: Parallel parking (For cars)
Total no. of parking slots available: 34
For Zone 3,
Type of parking proposed: Off Street parking (For Car)
Total no. of parking slots available: 25
Type of parking proposed: Off Street parking (For Two-wheeler)
Total no. of parking slots available: 25
For Zone 4,
Total width available approx... 13 m.
Type of parking proposed: Perpendicular parking (For two wheeler)
Total no. of parking slots available: 13
For Zone 5,
Total width available: 5 m
Total no. of parking slots available: 1 (For Ambulance)
4.2 Recommendations and Suggestions
4.2.1 Parking Signages:
Parking Signages are provided to inform the drivers about any restriction imposed or to
inform the drivers about the allocated parking areas. Parking markings or signages promotes
more efficient use of the parking spaces and the road user tends to prevent encroachment on
fire hydrant zones and other such locations where parking of vehicle will be undesirable. In
IIT Jammu campus, as of now there is no traffic signages posed, to inform the drivers
regarding the allocated parking spots. This causes confusion among the vehicle owner’s and
they sometimes park their vehicles anywhere inside the campus, causing hindrance to other
vehicles and also pedestrians. It is therefore suggested to use parking signs in the areas where
parking facility is allocated. Figure below gives an idea about different parking signs as
suggested by IRC: 67-2012. However, for our campus we can design parking signs as per our
requirement also.
 Figure 2: No-Parking Sign

Figure 3: Parking directional sign

4.2.2 Safe parking: While allocating parking spots inside the campus, it is necessary to
ensure vulnerable road user safety i.e. students, faculty, staff and cyclist. It is desirable to
avoid the vehicles in the areas where pedestrian movement is more i.e. areas near hostel
facility, mess areas etc. Therefore it is suggested that vehicles should not be allowed in these
areas. Further in special cases i.e. area where vehicles parking, vehicle movement and
pedestrian movement is allowed [IIT Jammu South side Road], the pedestrian should be
allowed to move only in a dedicated lane/space so as to ensure their safety.
4.2.3 Dedicated Parking Space: A dedicated parking space, nearby the institute main gate
should be allocated for the Institute Vehicles which frequently move inside and outside the
campus for their uninterrupted movement. Therefore, it is suggested that Location 1 should
be dedicated for institute vehicles only. Further, the parking area near the hostel Mess i.e.
Location 4, should be dedicated for two-wheelers of hostel staffs who are parking inside the
hostel or near the hostel mess gate which may interrupt the movement of pedestrians and
increase the risk of crash.
5. Proposed Strategy for Smart parking

This proposes a Smart Parking (SPARK) Management System based on sensor network
technology which provides advanced features like remote parking monitoring, automated
guidance based on Android App. Here each sensor will be placed in between parking slot. So
whenever a car gets parked in parking slot. The sensor detects it and sends the signal to the
microcontroller which in turn stores it in the server regarding the current place occupied by
the car. This is same in the case when the car leaves the parking space.

The Android app which is installed in the driver's smartphone gives the clear updates to the
Driver about the current free & also occupied positions of the parking spaces in their
smartphones. So that he/she can park their car easily check current available space for their
car to be parked in the current vacant space available.

5.1 Devices Required

Hardware specification Software specification

Microcontroller Sensor Networks
Sensors Android Application
Android cell PHP
LCD screen HTML, Java Script, Css

6. Conclusion

The study provides a smart parking design for the IIT Jammu campus. The proposed design
optimizes the parking space by giving the suggestions on different parking systems (i.e.
parallel, 90 Parking etc) for different locations. The parking design also considers the safety
of pedestrians by giving recommendations and suggestions for dedicating the parking
facilities for institute vehicles. Further, this study describe a smart parking system based on
the Internet of things (IoT). The proposed system save the time spend on searching of empty
spots in parking areas. This system is fully automated and does not need any supervision at
parking areas which result in the reduction of human effort and manpower.