Food Cold Chain Management System - From A Structured Theoretical Analysis To A Conceptual Framework On Perishable Commodities in India
Food Cold Chain Management System - From A Structured Theoretical Analysis To A Conceptual Framework On Perishable Commodities in India
Food Cold Chain Management System - From A Structured Theoretical Analysis To A Conceptual Framework On Perishable Commodities in India
Volume 5 Issue 1, November-December 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38059 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2020 Page 860
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and fruits since 2013-14 to 2017-18.
Gujarat were the five leading states in the production of
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
By taking into consideration, the growing need of preserving food for ensuring the food security of the nation, suitable
mechanism need to be developed for minimising the harvest and post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables.
Harvest and post-harvest losses of major food grains are depicted in table 1
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38059 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2020 Page 861
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
Table 1
Crops % Average loss (CIPHET Nanda etal2012) % Average loss (CIPHET Nanda etal2015)
Apple 12.3 10.39
Banana 6.6 7.76
Citrus 6.4 9.69
Grape 8.3 8.63
Guava 18.01 15.88
Mango 12.7 9.16
Papaya 7.36 6.7
Sapota 5.8 9.73
Onion 7.5 8.20
Tomato 13.0 12.44
Cabbage 6.9 9.37
cauliflower 6.9 9.56
potato 9.0 7.32
Source: CIPHET Report, 2015
Ever year India wastes nearly 18 percent of fruits and vegetables due to lack of post harvesting storage mechanism. According
to MFPI (Ministry of Food Processing Industry), post-harvest losses of food grains are 25 million tonnes whereas fruits and
vegetables constitute 12 million tonnes and 21 million tonnes respectively.
Cold chain system remains untapped due to several reasons like high initial investment for setting up, high share of single
commodity, lack of adequate basic infrastructure, lack of awareness for handling perishable goods or lapse of service either by
the storage provider or the transporter.
Table 2
All India Requirement(A) All India created(B) All India Gap
Holding Capacity/ Number/
No Infrastructure component Numbers
Storage size storage capacity
1 Pack-House 11,21,274MT 70,080 249nos (69,831)Nos.
2 Cold Storage (Bulk) 341,64,411MT -
3 Cold Storage(Hub) 9,36,251MT - 31823700MT (32,76,962)MT
4 Refeer Vehicle 4,94,608MT 61,826 (52,826)Nos.
5 Ripening Chamber 91,306MT 9,131 812nos (8,319)Nos.
6 Onion storage structure 70,06,028MT 2,80,241 - -
Source: NCCD, 2015
Gap analysis indicates that Present capacity is nowhere close enough to support cold chain management system. A study
conducted by Indian institute of management, Kolkata has discovered that nearly 10 percent of agriculture produce get cold
storage facility in India.
Challenges in cold chain management system cities of the country every year. Out of which approximately
Misallocation of cold storages 100 MT moves via non refeer (non-refrigerated) mode and
Majority of the cold storages are concentrated into few states only 4 MT are transported by refeer mode.
of the nation and rest are undeserved. As per the report of
Emerson (2013), 60 percent of India’s cold storage capacities Untrained handling of perishable products
are utilised just by 4 states-West Bangal, Uttar Pradesh, In India, a warehouse with air condition is considered as a
Gujarat and Punjab.High share of a single commodity pause a cold storage. Different commodities require different
problem for preserving other commodities. temperature handling mechanism, which may not be known
to the cold storage staff and those who handles the products
Potato accounts for 75-80% of the storage capacity. including transporters. It ultimately leads to inventory
losses.
Under developed refeer transport
According to the report on Global capacity by international Non-prioritization of vegetables
Association of Refrigerated warehouse (2010), nearly 104 Most of the pack houses in India are mainly focused on fruits
MT of perishable farm products are transported between the and there is little emphasis for vegetable sector. Some of the
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38059 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2020 Page 862
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
exotic vegetables are handled properly and others are [3] Agmarknet, Commodity wise distribution of cold
outside the attention of pack houses. storages as on 31-12-2009,retrieved from
http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/Ready%20Reckone
High capital cost r/Cold_Storage/COMMODITYWISEDISTRIBUTIONOF
Entrepreneurs my not find cold storage as a viable option for COLDSTORAGES.aspx
investment as it require huge set-up cost. It was estimated
[4] NCCD Report,2015,www.nccd.gov.in
that approximately 3-4 Crores in Indian rupees is required
for setting up of 5000 MT cold storages and to set up a 1000 [5] Jha, Shyam & Vishwakarma, Rajesh & Ahmad,
MT multi-purpose cold storage, investment of around 20 Tauqueer & Rai, Anil & Dixit, Anil. (2016). Assessment
Crores are required. of Quantitative Harvest and Post-Harvest Losses of
Major Crops/Commodities in India.
Conclusion www.researchgate.net/publication/289637983_Asse
India ranks first position in the production of Banana, ssment_of_Quantitative_Harvest_and_Post-
Mango, Lime, Lemon, papaya and Okra and it is a pride factor Harvest_Losses_of_Major_CropsCommodities_in_India
that it is the second largest producer of vegetables and fruits.
[6] Horticulture at glance,2015 published by ministry of
Food wastage of fruits and vegetables are also in the range of
Agriculture and Farmers’ welfare,
18-40 percent. Post harvesting management system in India
http://nhb.gov.in/PDFViwer.aspx?enc=3ZOO8K5Czcd
is still at its nascent stage. India needs an effective cold chain
C/Yq6HcdIxMvJ0RY/w0FTznMeREnr5ok=
system to reduce the harvest and post-harvest losses and to
provide an extended life cycle of perishable products. In [7] Horticulture at glance,2016 published by ministry of
turn, it will ensure the food security of the nation. Effort Agriculture and Farmers’ welfare,
should be made from the Government to ensure the proper http://nhb.gov.in/PDFViwer.aspx?enc=3ZOO8K5Czcd
functioning of the cold chain system where 100 percent FDI C/Yq6HcdIxMvJ0RY/w0FTznMeREnr5ok=
is admitted in this sector. India needs to mobilise large scale
[8] Horticulture at glance,2017 published by ministry of
investment in cold storages, refrigerated transports and on
Agriculture and Farmers’ welfare,
other logistics management systems.
http://nhb.gov.in/PDFViwer.aspx?enc=3ZOO8K5Czcd
C/Yq6HcdIxMvJ0RY/w0FTznMeREnr5ok=
REFERENCES
[1] Acharya SS and, Agarwal NL (2016), Agricultural [9] Horticulture at glance, 2018 published by ministry of
Marketing in India, 6th ed. Oxford and IBH Publishing, Agriculture and Farmers’ welfare.
New Delhi. http://nhb.gov.in/PDFViwer.aspx?enc=3ZOO8K5Czcd
C/Yq6HcdIxMvJ0RY/w0FTznMeREnr5ok=
[2] Mr. Karthikeyan, krishiJagran, 20 March, 2019,
retrieved from [10] CIPHET Report 2015,
https://krishijagran.com/featured/better-food-with- https://www.ciphet.in/annualreports.php
better-management-cold-chain-and-its-benefits-for-
farmers/ [11] http://agriculture.gov.in/Agriculture_Situations.aspx
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38059 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 1 | November-December 2020 Page 863