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Case Facts Issues Ruling: Conceptus Pro Nato Habetur

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CASE FACTS ISSUES RULING

Topic: 3.
Civil
Personality
This petition for certiorari brings up for review
Concept and question whether the husband of a woman,
Classes of who voluntarily procured her abortion, could
Persons recover damages from physician who caused
the same. No, because the child has no personal or civil liability yet being an unborn child.

THE FACTS: The Court said that the Court of Appeals and the trial court predicated the award of damages in the sum of P3,000.06 upon the provisions of the
initial paragraph of Article 2206 of the Civil Code of the Philippines. This we believe to be error, for the said article, in fixing a minimum award of
P3,000.00 for the death of a person, does not cover the case of an unborn foetus that is not endowed with personality. Under the system of our Civil
Nita Villanueva came to know Geluz when
Whether or not Code, "la criatura abortiva no alcanza la categoria de persona natural y en consscuencia es un ser no nacido a la vida del Derecho" (Casso-
Geluz she was pregnant by her husband before
the spouses Cervera, "Diccionario de Derecho Privado", Vol. 1, p. 49), being incapable of having rights and obligations.
their marriage. Geluz performed an abortion
on Nita Villanueva. After the latter’s Lazo could
vs marriage, she again became pregnant and recover Since an action for pecuniary damages on account of personal injury or death pertains primarily to the one injured, it is easy to see that if no action
since she was employed in the Commission damages from for such damages could be instituted on behalf of the unborn child on account of the injuries it received, no such right of action could derivatively
on Elections, the pregnancy was the physician accrue to its parents or heirs. In fact, even if a cause of action did accrue on behalf of the unborn child, the same was extinguished by its pre-natal
CA inconvenient and she had herself aborted who caused death, since no transmission to anyone can take place from on that lacked juridical personality (or juridical capacity as distinguished from capacity to
again by Geluz. In less than two years, she the same. act). It is no answer to invoke the provisional personality of a conceived child (conceptus pro nato habetur) under Article 40 of the Civil
again became pregnant and had her two- Code, because that same article expressly limits such provisional personality by imposing the condition that the child should be
month old fetus aborted by Geluz for a sum subsequently born alive: "provided it be born later with the condition specified in the following article". In the present case, there is no
of fifty pesos. Nita’s husband was then dispute that the child was dead when separated from its mother's womb.
campaigning for his election and was aware
and did not give consent to the abortion. He
G.R. No. L- filed for an action for the award of damages.
16439           The trial court and Court of Appeals
predicated the award of damages in the sum
July 20, of three thousand pesos for moral damages.
1961

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