Application of Electro-Membrane Technologies in Zero Liquid Discharge Technology

Application of electro-membrane technologies
in zero liquid discharge technology
J. Havelka,.T. Jiricek, H. Farova
T. Dornik, J. Kroupa
RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

MEGA a.s. Czech Republic

MEGA a.s. Czech Republic

Ion Exchange membrane
Principal of separation
 different charge of ion and membrane

Type of in Exchange membrane
 cationexchange membrane (CEM)
 anion exchange membrane (AEM)
 bipolar membrane (BPM)
All can be use in ZLD process



 cationexchange membrane
 anion exchange membrane
 bipolar membrane

 cationexchange membrane
 anion exchange membrane
 bipolar membrane
Electro dialysis with monopolar membrane
 use mainly with thermal ZLD processes

 allows to importantly increase the concentration of ions

 use with thermal ZLD processes


 use with thermal ZLD processes


Electro dialysis with bipolar membrane
 use in non-thermal ZLD processes

 allow to recovery acid and base from corresponding salt
(inorganic and organic salts)

Zero liquide discharge

ZLD application industries
Sea water desalination Pulp and paper
Power plant Food and feed industry
Textile industry Landfill leachate
Steel and metal industry Groundwater remedation
Mining industry Etc.
By Saltworks Technologies -, CC BY-SA 4. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64115897

Case study of chosen India project

Comparison of both membrane processes
HERO+DTRO EDR process

Recovery 86% 94%
Brine flow 10 m3/h 4m3/h
Energy
473 kW.h 560 kW.h

consumption
∆ RO-EDR = 87 kW.h
SiO2 increase concentration not effect
HERO – low tolerance
COD EDR – similar to DTRO
DTRO – similar to EDR
Max TDS 79 000 mg/l 160 000 mg/l
Comparison of both MVR after membrane processes
MVR after HER+DTRO MVR after

EDR process
Feed 10 m3/h 4m3/h
Energy 455kW.h 168 kW.h

consumption
∆ MVR(EDR) - MVR(RO) = 287 kW.h
OPEX Comparison
 EDR+MVR save 20% of OPEX compare to RO+MVR
(counted for price 0.5 RMB / kWh)

CAPEX Comparison
 EDR+MVR save about 20% of CAPEX compare to RO+MVR

(counted for Chinese market prices of MVR, DTRO, HERO)

RALEX EDR stacks for industrial applications
ED/EDR-II ED/EDR-III ED/EDR-IF

Non-Water TDS < 3000 mg/l TDS > 3000 mg/l
Both low or high TDS app. Main focus
recovery of high value liquids
RALEX EDR stacks for industrial applications
EDR-IF/250 Advantages:
• Zero leakages
• No burning

• Lower CAPEX for systems
• Lower OPEX
• Reduction of maintenance
• Reduction of system Lay-out
• New application potential
• Human safety
Electro dialysis with bipolar membrane
 use in non-thermal ZLD processes

 allow to recovery acid and base from corresponding salt
(inorganic and organic salts)

GEAM Case study
EDBM-IF/300

EDBM integration

Operation costs
 for full scale: 5.13 t/h 4.0% Na2SO4 desalinated to 1.2%

(143 kg of Na2SO4 per hour)
 electric energy 0.064 €/kWh

 no feed costs, no water costs, no waste costs
 the same frequency of spare parts changes as on existing EDR on

the same feed Operation costs Operation
[€/year] costs [%]
Electric energy 203 510 88
Water (RO permeate) 0 0
 88% electrical energy Chemicals 62 0
Spare parts 27 326 12
 12% spare parts Wastes 0 0
Total operation costs 230 836 100
Operation costs
 chemical prices: 210 €/t 50% NaOH, 55 €/t 94% H2SO4
 price of produced chemicals 317,034 €/year
 minus direct operation costs 230,836 €/year

 gives operating profit 86,198 €/year
 Preliminary result: EDBM economically feasible only by reduction

of NaOH and H2SO4 purchase!
Conclution
 EDR is applicable in ZLD processes as concentrator before

thermal processes
 EDR can substitute HERO, DTRO or it can supplement them

(water composition)
 EDBM can substitute the thermal processes in ZLD
 prices of MVR, HERO or DTRO strongly depend on the country

of origin, even with lowcost price on Chines market, ED is still
the most price efficient
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Application of Electro-Membrane Technologies in Zero Liquid Discharge Technology

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What are different types of ion exchange membranes discussed in the document?

What are different types of ion exchange membranes discussed in the document?

What membrane process is discussed that can substitute thermal processes in ZLD?

What membrane process is discussed that can substitute thermal processes in ZLD?

Application of electro-membrane technologies

in zero liquid discharge technology

J. Havelka,.T. Jiricek, H. Farova

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

 use mainly with thermal ZLD processes

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

 use with thermal ZLD processes

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

 use with thermal ZLD processes

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

 use in non-thermal ZLD processes

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

By Saltworks Technologies -, CC BY-SA 4. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64115897

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

HERO+DTRO EDR process

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

MVR after HER+DTRO MVR after

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

 EDR+MVR save 20% of OPEX compare to RO+MVR

(counted for price 0.5 RMB / kWh)

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

 EDR+MVR save about 20% of CAPEX compare to RO+MVR

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

ED/EDR-II ED/EDR-III ED/EDR-IF

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

 use in non-thermal ZLD processes

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

 for full scale: 5.13 t/h 4.0% Na2SO4 desalinated to 1.2%

 electric energy 0.064 €/kWh

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

 the same frequency of spare parts changes as on existing EDR on

 chemical prices: 210 €/t 50% NaOH, 55 €/t 94% H2SO4

 price of produced chemicals 317,034 €/year

 minus direct operation costs 230,836 €/year

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

 Preliminary result: EDBM economically feasible only by reduction

 EDR is applicable in ZLD processes as concentrator before

 EDR can substitute HERO, DTRO or it can supplement them

RALEX® - WATER TREATMENT

 EDBM can substitute the thermal processes in ZLD

 prices of MVR, HERO or DTRO strongly depend on the country

FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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