Department of Computer Science and Application Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra

Department of computer science and application
Kurukshetra university
Kurukshetra
Seminar Report
On
Robotics
Submitted to Submitted by
Dr. R.K. CHAUHAN Jaiveer
Mr. Harish Saini Roll no: 25
Mca 2 year
What is a Robot?
Robot is a system that contains Sensors, Control systems, Manipulators, Power
Supplies and software all working together to perform a task.
Definition
(According to the Robot Institute of America):
A robot is defined as a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to
move material, parts, tool or specialized devices through various programmed
motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.
From this definition, it is clear that a single robot can be made to do a variety of
tasks like cutting, spraying and welding by merely changing that toll end.
Manipulator is the mechanical moving structure that performs the tasks for which
it has been programmed.
Characteristics of a Robot
A robot has these essential characteristics:
(1) Sensing
First of all your robot would have to able to sense its surroundings.
Giving your robot sensor: light sensors (eyes), touch and pressure
sensors (hands), chemical sensors (tongue) will give your robot
awareness of its environment. Touch sensory signals can be
generated by the robot's own movements. It is important to identify
only the external tactile signals for accurate operations. Previous
solutions employed the which relies on the prior knowledge of
signal statistics that are assumed to be stationary. Recent solution
applies an adaptive to the robot’s logic It enables the robot to
predict the resulting sensor signals of its internal motions,
screening these false signals out. The new method improves
contact detection and reduces false interpretation.
(2) Movement
A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. Whether
rolling on wheels, or walking on legs, a robot needs to be able to move.
(3) Energy
A robot to be able to power itself. A robot might be solar powered,
electrically powered or battery powered.
(4) Intelligence
A robot need some kind of smarts. A programmer is the person who
gives the robot its smarts.
Goals of a Robot in Industry
 Increasing productivity,
 Reducing Costs,
 Overcoming Shortages of skilled Labor,
 Providing Flexibility in Manufacturing Operations,
 Improving product quality and
 Freeing Human beings from Boring and Repetitive tasks.
Application of Robots
Some applications of Robots are:
(1) In Vehicle and Car Factories
They can be used in precision Cutting, Oxygen Cutting, Lasers etc.
(2) In Mobile Phones
Mounting Circuits on Electronic Devices.
(3) In Mail Delivery

Mail delivery to various mail stations throughout the buildings in
large corporations.
(4) To help police
To assist police and SWAT teams in dangerous situations. They
can be sent to the scene to draw fire, open doors, see the
environment from a closer view point.
(5) In manufacturing
To help make stuff, faster and with more quality control.
(6) In processing Operations

Fitted with Cameras to sort food quality.
(7) In Dangerous Areas

Inside nuclear reactors to check them out.
(8) In toys
Very simple Robotic techniques are used in toys for children.
(9) In inaccessible Areas

Very small Robots accessing places we can go, or space
exploration mission.
(10) In Medical environment

Helping Surgeons to perform operations.
(11) To assist disable peoples

To help disabled people with the use and Control Artificial Limbs.
(12) find out what they are capable of doing
In Universities and Research Organizations.

Parts of a Robot
There are five Parts of Robot:
(1) controller
Every robot is connected to a computer. This computer is known
as the controller. The controller functions as the brain of the
robot.
The controller also allows the robot to be networked to other
systems, so that it may work together with other machines,
processes, or robots.
Robots today have controllers that are run by programs. Almost
all robots of today are entirely pre-programmed by people; they
can do only what they are programmed to do at the time, and
nothing else . in the future , controllers with the Artificial
Intelligence could allow robots to think on their own, even
program themselves. This could make robots more self – reliant
and independent.
(2) Manipulator
The manipulator is the arm itself, which may be inflexible or
joined with a sliding or rotary joint, like the elbow of a human
arm.
(3) End-Effector
The end-effector is the hand connected to the robot’s arm. It is
often different from a human hand – it could be a tool such as a
gripper, a vacuum pump, tweezers, scalpel, blowtorch - just
about anything the helps it do its job.
(4) Actuators
An actuator is a type of motor that is responsible for moving or
controlling a robot. It is operated by a source of energy, typically electric
current, hydraulic fluid pressure, or pneumatic pressure and converts
the energy in to motion.
(5) Sensor
Most robot of today are nearly deaf and blind. Sensors can provide
some limited feedback to the robot so it can do its job. Compared to the
senses and abilities of even the simplest living things, robot have a very
long way to go.
The sensors send information, in the form of electronic signals back to
the controller. Sensors also give the robot controller Information about
its surroundings and lets it know the exact position of the arm or the
state of the world around it.
Early Conceptions of Robots
One of the first instances of a mechanical device built to

regularly carry out a particular physical task occurred around 3000
B.C.: Egyptian water clocks used human figurines to strike the
hour bells. In 400 B.C., Archytus of Taremtum, inventor of the
pulley and the screw, also invented a wooden pigeon that could
fly. Hydraulically-operated statues that could speak, gesture, and
prophecy were commonly constructed in Hellenic Egypt during the
second century B.C.
In the first century A.D., Petronius Arbiter made a doll that
could move like a human being. Giovanni Torriani created a
wooden robot that could fetch the Emperor's daily bread from the
store in 1557. Robotic inventions reached a relative peak (before
the 20th century) in the 1700s; countless ingenius, yet impractical,
automata (i.e. robots) were created during this time period. The
19th century was also filled with new robotic creations, such as a
talking doll by Edison and a steam-powered robot by Canadians.
Although these inventions throughout history may have planted
the first seeds of inspiration for the modern robot, the scientific
progress made in the 20th century in the field of robotics surpass
previous advancements a thousandfold.
The first modern robots
The earliest robots as we know them were created in the

early 1950s by George C. Devol, an inventor from Louisville,
Kentucky. He invented and patented a reprogrammable
manipulator called "Unimate," from "Universal Automation." For
the next decade, he attempted to sell his product in the industry,
but did not succeed. In the late 1960s, businessman/engineer
Joseph Engleberger acquired Devol's robot patent and was able to
modify it into an industrial robot and form a company called
Unimation to produce and market the robots. For his efforts and
successes, Engleberger is known in the industry as "the Father of
Robotics."
Academia also made much progress in the creation new
robots. In 1958 at the Stanford Research Institute, Charles Rosen
led a research team in developing a robot called "Shakey."
Shakey was far more advanced than the original Unimate, which
was designed for specialized, industrial applications. Shakey could
wheel around the room, observe the scene with his television
"eyes," move across unfamiliar surroundings, and to a certain
degree, respond to his environment. He was given his name
because of his wobbly and clattering movements.
Advantage of robots
 Safety. Safety is the most obvious advantage of utilizing robotics.
 Speed. Robots don't get distracted or need to take breaks.
 Consistency. Robots never need to divide their attention between a
multitude of things.
 Perfection. Robots will always deliver quality. ...
 Happier Employees.
 Job Creation
 Productivity.
Advantages of Industrial Robots
Increased efficiency
Industrial robots can complete certain tasks faster and more efficiently than
humans as they are designed and built to perform them with higher accuracy. This
combined with the fact they are used to automate processes which previously
might have taken significantly more time and resource results in the use of
industrial robots to increase the efficiency of production lines.
Improved quality
Given their higher levels of accuracy, industrial robots can be used to produce
higher quality products which result in the reduction of time required for quality
control and ensures that standards of quality are adhered to.
Improved working environment

Some tasks are deemed as too dangerous or laborious and repetitive for humans to
carry out and so instead robots can perform these tasks instead. Working
conditions, therefore, can be vastly improved as well as the safety within factories
and production plants by introducing industrial robots.
Increased profitability
The results of introducing industrial robots can only ensure higher profitability
levels with lower cost per product as by increasing the efficiency of your process,
reducing the resource and time required to complete it whilst also achieving higher
quality products, introducing industrial robots save money in the long run.
Longer working hours

As human breaks in the working day are required, distractions happen and
attention spans slow. Whereas robots can work 24/7 and keep working at 100%
efficiency. On average a 40% increase in the output of a production line occurs
when one key person is replaced by a robot who operates the same working hours,
simply because of stamina. Also, robots don’t take holidays or have unexpected
absences.
Prestige
“Wowing” your clients by operating at the cutting edge of your industry, robots are
even fantastic as a marketing tool, boosting your brand image and are regularly
used simply for PR if they don’t already over enough benefits!
Disadvantages of Industrial Robots

Capital cost
Implementing industrial robots can incur a high capital cost however, they do
prove highly effective and bring a positive ROI. This is why, prior to decisions
being made, we always recommend consideration is given to both the investment
required and also the ROI you expect to achieve in implementing robots. Often the
advice we give is to take out asset finance and the ROI of the robot more than pays
for the interest on the asset finance.
Expertise
The initial set up of industrial robots requires a lot of training and expertise as with
any other type of technology, this is because they are excellent for performing
many tasks. Good automation companies provide a support package of their
expertise which is an extremely important factor. However, to minimise reliance
on automation companies, training can be given to engineers to allow them to
program the robots – though the assistance of experienced automation companies
is still required for the original integration of the robot.
Limitations
The number of industrial robots has seen a dramatic increase over the years but
there are still some limitations to the type of tasks they can perform. This is why
we advise that companies liaise with automation companies prior to
implementation to assess the various options available first. Some may give a
better of faster result than a robot. A robot does not have everything built into it so
often the success or failure of an industrial robotic system depends on how well the
surrounding systems are integrated e.g. grippers, vision systems, conveyor systems
etc. Use only good trusted robot integrators to ensure optimum results.
Conclusion
Careful consideration and advice should be sought before investing in robots. The
aim of this blog was to give you some insight into the aspects that should be
considered before implementing industrial robots in your company, we hope it has
been successful in doing so. If more guidance is required or you would like to find
out more on the benefits of industrial robots and how they can best be applied to
your project, contact our team of automation .

Department of Computer Science and Application Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Department of Computer Science and Application Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Department of Computer Science and Application Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Department of computer science and application

(3) In Mail Delivery

(6) In processing Operations

(7) In Dangerous Areas

(9) In inaccessible Areas

(10) In Medical environment

(11) To assist disable peoples

(12) find out what they are capable of doing

In Universities and Research Organizations.

Early Conceptions of Robots

One of the first instances of a mechanical device built to

The first modern robots

The earliest robots as we know them were created in the

Improved working environment

Longer working hours

Disadvantages of Industrial Robots

You might also like