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Athletics

Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves


competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking.[1] The most common types of
athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running,
and racewalking.
The results of racing events are decided by finishing position (or time, where
measured), while the jumps and throws are won by the athletethat achieves the highest
or furthest measurement from a series of attempts. The simplicity of the competitions,
and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most
common types of sports in the world. Athletics is mostly an individual sport, with the
exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes' performances for a
team score, such as cross country.
Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC. The
rules and format of the modern events in athleticswere defined in Western Europe and
North America in the 19th and early 20th century, and were then spread to other parts
of the world. Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World
Athletics, the global governing body for the sport of athletics, or its member continental
and national federations.
The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics. The foremost
international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships, which incorporates
track and field, marathon running and race walking. Other top level competitions in
athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half
Marathon Championships. Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer
Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships.
The word athletics is derived from the Ancient Greek ἀθλητής (athlētēs, "combatant in
public games") from ἆθλον (athlon, "prize") or ἆθλος(athlos, "competition").[2] Initially, the
term described athletic contests in general – i.e. sporting competition based primarily on
human physical feats. In the 19th century, the term athletics acquired a more narrow
definition in Europe and came to describe sports involving competitive running, walking,
jumping and throwing. This definition continues to be prominent in the United Kingdom
and the former British Empire. Related words in Germanic and Romance
languages also have a similar meaning.
In much of North America, athletics is synonymous with sports in general, maintaining
the historical usage of the term. The word "athletics" is rarely used to refer to the sport
of athletics in this region. Track and field is preferred, and is used in the United States
and Canada to refer to athletics events, including racewalking and marathon running
(although cross country running is typically considered a separate sport).

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