Designation: A 694/A 694M – 08

Standard Specification for

Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings,
Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 694/A 694M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements

1.1 This specification covers forged or rolled steel pipe Grade Yield Strength (0.2 % Tensile Strength, Elongation in 2
Offset), min, ksi [MPa] min, ksi [MPa] in. or 50 mm,
flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts suitable for use with min %
high-strength transmission-service pipe. Included are flanges, F42 42 [290] 60 [415] 20
fittings, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified F46 46 [315] 60 [415] 20
by the purchaser or to ASME or MSS dimensional standards F48 48 [330] 62 [425] 20
F50 50 [345] 64 [440] 20
referenced in Section 2. F52 52 [360] 66 [455] 20
1.2 Several grades of material, based on minimum yield F56 56 [385] 68 [470] 20
strength requirements, are covered, as indicated in Table 1. F60 60 [415] 75 [515] 20
F65 65 [450] 77 [530] 20
1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided. Supplemen- F70 70 [485] 82 [565] 18
tary Requirement S 1 is provided for use when purchaser
approval is required for repair welding.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the Use With High-Pressure Transmission Systems
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate- A 707/A 707M Specification for Forged Carbon and Alloy
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units. Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature Service
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units A 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the Requirements
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each A 961/A 961M Specification for Common Requirements
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the Piping Applications
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 2.3 ASME Standards:
ASME B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings3
2. Referenced Documents ASME B 16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings3
2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in ASME B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions
Specification A 961/A 961M, the following list of standards of Ferrous Valves3
apply to this specification: ASME B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and
2.2 ASTM Standards: 2 Threaded3
A 53/A 53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot- ASME B 16.28 Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius
Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless Elbows3
A 106/A 106M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel ASME B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges3
Pipe for High-Temperature Service 2.4 MSS Standards:4
A 381 Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for MSS SP-44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges
MSS SP-75 Specification for High-Test Welding Fittings
MSS SP-95 Swage (d) Nipples and Bull Plugs
MSS SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet
--`,```,,`,```,`,,`,,,`,`,,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Fittings
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
3
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 694/A 694M – 03. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.asme.org.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
the ASTM website. hq.com.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
1Licensee=CH2M Hill Worldwide/5960458046, User=El-Hossari, Elias
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 07/02/2013 09:12:11 MDT
 A 694/A 694M – 08
2.5 API Standard: 6. Chemical Composition
5L Specification for Line Pipe5 6.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specifica-
3. Ordering Information tion A 961/A 961M shall be made and conform to the require-
ments as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.
3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the 6.2 High-strength low-alloy steels shall be of specified alloy
purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase element composition, with the elements covered in 6.1 re-
the needed material. In addition to the ordering guidelines in stricted within the limits prescribed therein as may be neces-
Specification A 961/A 961M, orders should include the follow- sary to ensure weldability and specified minimum tensile
ing information: properties. When high-strength low-alloy steel is furnished,
3.1.1 Additional requirements (see 8.1 and 10.1). appropriate procedures are required for field welding.
4. General Requirements 6.3 Alloy steel shall conform to the requirements for Grade
L 5 of Specification A 707/A 707M .
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to
the requirements of Specification A 961/A 961M, including 7. Tensile Requirements
any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the
7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-
tensile properties prescribed in Table 1, when tested in accor-
ments of Specification A 961/A 961M constitutes nonconfor-
dance with the mechanical testing requirements of Specifica-
mance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
tion A 961/A 961M.
requirements of this specification and Specification A 961/
7.2 The tension test specimen shall be obtained from a
A 961M, this specification shall prevail.
production forging, or from an integral prolongation represen-
5. Manufacture tative of the hub location of a flange, or the heaviest cross
5.1 Melting Process: section of a fitting, valve, or other part within the scope of this
5.1.1 The steel shall be made by any of the following specification. Alternatively, the test specimen may be taken
processes: open hearth, electric furnace, or basic oxygen. The from a separately forged test block which has been taken from
steel shall be fully deoxidized. the same heat of steel as the production forgings, and which has
5.1.2 The steel shall be carbon steel, high-strength low-alloy been reduced by forging in a manner similar to that for the
steel, or alloy steel, as agreed upon between the manufacturer forgings it represents.
and purchaser. Analysis of the steel used, including all alloying 7.2.1 The test specimen shall represent all forgings from the
elements, shall be reported by the manufacturer to the pur- same heat and heat treatment load whose maximum thick-
chaser. The steel shall be suitable for field welding (as nesses do not exceed the thickness of the test forging or blank
established by the purchaser) to other fittings, valve materials by more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm].
and flanges, and to pipe manufactured under the following 7.3 The axis of the tension test sample shall be located in the
ASTM specifications: Specification A 53, Specification A 106/ test forging, or prolongation so as to represent mid-wall of the
A 106M, Specification A 381, and API Standard 5L pipe, as flange hub, or mid-wall of the thickest cross section of the
well as to fittings manufactured under MSS SP-75. valve, fitting, or other part.
5.2 Manufacturing Practice: 7.4 The axis of the tension test specimen shall be oriented
5.2.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots or blooms, parallel to the direction of maximum forging work for fittings,
billets, slabs, or bars of forged or rolled form and cut to the valves, and other parts, except for flanges when the specimen
required length by a suitable process. shall be oriented in the tangential direction.
5.2.2 The finished product shall be a forging as defined in 7.5 One tension test shall be taken from each heat in each
the Terminology section of Specification A 788/A 788M. heat treatment load, and shall be representative of the largest
5.2.3 Hot working shall be sufficient to develop a wrought flange hub, or valve or fitting wall thickness in the load.
structure throughout the part. 7.6 When heat treatment is done either continuous or batch
5.2.4 Flanges shall not be machined directly from plate nor type furnaces in which the working zones are controlled to
from solid bar stock. within 6 25 °F [6 14 °C] of the required heat treatment
5.3 Heat Treatment: temperature, and when the furnace is equipped with function-
5.3.1 All items shall be heat treated. Heat treatment of ing recording pyrometers such that complete heat treatment
carbon steel and high-strength low-alloy steel may consist of records are available, then one tension test from each heat shall
normalizing, normalizing-and-tempering, or quenching-and- be required instead of from each heat in each heat treatment
tempering. Heat treatment of alloy steel may consist of
normalizing and precipitation heat treatment or quenching and TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
precipitation heat treatment. Composition, %
5.3.2 The tempering temperature shall be at least 1000 °F Heat Analysis Product Analysis
[540 °C]. The precipitation heat treatment of the alloy steel Carbon, max 0.26 0.265
shall be in the range from 1000 to 1225 °F [540 to 665 °C]. Manganese, max 1.60 1.64
Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.030
Sulfur, max 0.025 0.030
5
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash- Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.10–0.40
ington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
--`,```,,`,```,`,,`,,,`,`,,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
2Licensee=CH2M Hill Worldwide/5960458046, User=El-Hossari, Elias
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 07/02/2013 09:12:11 MDT
 A 694/A 694M – 08
load. However, this provision is limited to forgings with heat 11. Certification
treated weights not exceeding 10 000 lbs [4540 kg], and the 11.1 Certification shall comply with Specification A 961/
test forging must accompany a production charge. A 961M. However, if high-strength low-alloy steel is used, the
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance analysis and the heat number or manufacturer’s heat identifi-
cation shall be reported to the purchaser.
8.1 The forgings shall be free of injurious defects as defined
in Specification A 961/A 961M.
8.2 Repair by Welding of Injurious Defects—Repair of 12. Product Marking
injurious defects shall be permitted at the discretion of the 12.1 Product marking shall comply with Specification A
manufacturer in accordance with Specification A 961/A 961M. 961/A 961M.
8.2.1 Deposited weld metal shall be capable of meeting all 12.2 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with the
mechanical properties upon heat treatment. letter “W” following the ASTM designation.
8.2.2 All forgings to be repaired by welding shall be repair 12.3 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 12.1
welded prior to heat treatment. and 12.2, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identifi-
9. Retests cation method. The purchaser may specify in the order a
specific bar coding system to be used. The bar coding system,
9.1 If any of the results of the tension tests of any lot do not if applied at the discretion of the supplier, should be consistent
conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer may with one of the published industry standards for bar coding. If
reheat treat such lots, but not more than twice, except with the used on small parts, the bar code may be applied to the box or
approval of the purchaser, on the basis of satisfactory metal- a substantially applied tag.
lurgical evidence that the cause of failure is curable and the
quality of the material is satisfactory.
13. Keywords
10. Rejection and Rehearing 13.1 high strength low alloy steel; pipe fittings, steel; piping
10.1 The purchaser shall comply with the requirements of applications; pressure containing parts; steel flanges; steel
Specification A 961/A 961M. forgings, alloy; steel forgings, carbon; steel valves

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, and order:

S1. Special Flanges

S1.1 Flanges shall meet the requirements of MSS SP-44,
except the chemical requirements shall conform to Table 2.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,

--`,```,,`,```,`,,`,,,`,`,,,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A 694/A 694M – 03, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved October 1, 2008)

(1) Increased the manganese level in Table 2.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
3Licensee=CH2M Hill Worldwide/5960458046, User=El-Hossari, Elias
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 07/02/2013 09:12:11 MDT