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Convective Heat Transfer Fluids Mass Transfer: Convection-Cooling

Convection is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids. It can occur naturally through buoyancy forces that cause fluid expansion, or through forced flow using external mechanisms like pumps. Convection involves both heat conduction within the fluid and bulk transport of heat by fluid streaming. It is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in liquids and gases. Free convection occurs through natural buoyancy-driven fluid motions, while forced convection uses external means to induce fluid flow and enhance heat transfer.

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51 views1 page

Convective Heat Transfer Fluids Mass Transfer: Convection-Cooling

Convection is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids. It can occur naturally through buoyancy forces that cause fluid expansion, or through forced flow using external mechanisms like pumps. Convection involves both heat conduction within the fluid and bulk transport of heat by fluid streaming. It is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in liquids and gases. Free convection occurs through natural buoyancy-driven fluid motions, while forced convection uses external means to induce fluid flow and enhance heat transfer.

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Mat Comia
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he flow of fluid may be forced by external processes, or sometimes (in gravitational fields) by

buoyancy forces caused when thermal energy expands the fluid (for example in a fire plume), thus
influencing its own transfer. The latter process is often called "natural convection". All convective
processes also move heat partly by diffusion, as well. Another form of convection is forced
convection. In this case the fluid is forced to flow by using a pump, fan or other mechanical means.
Convective heat transfer, or convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the
movement of fluids, a process that is essentially the transfer of heat via mass transfer. Bulk motion
of fluid enhances heat transfer in many physical situations, such as (for example) between a solid
surface and the fluid.[10] Convection is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in liquids and gases.
Although sometimes discussed as a third method of heat transfer, convection is usually used to
describe the combined effects of heat conduction within the fluid (diffusion) and heat transference by
bulk fluid flow streaming.[11] The process of transport by fluid streaming is known as advection, but
pure advection is a term that is generally associated only with mass transport in fluids, such as
advection of pebbles in a river. In the case of heat transfer in fluids, where transport by advection in
a fluid is always also accompanied by transport via heat diffusion (also known as heat conduction)
the process of heat convection is understood to refer to the sum of heat transport by advection and
diffusion/conduction.
Free, or natural, convection occurs when bulk fluid motions (streams and currents) are caused by
buoyancy forces that result from density variations due to variations of temperature in the
fluid. Forced convection is a term used when the streams and currents in the fluid are induced by
external means—such as fans, stirrers, and pumps—creating an artificially induced convection
current.[12]
Convection-cooling[edit]
See also: Nusselt number

Convective cooling is sometimes described as Newton's law of cooling:

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