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    1.3 Anatomical Position and Movements of Joints PDF

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    Pradosh Kumar Panigrahy
    The document discusses anatomical position and movement of joints. Anatomical position is defined as standing erect, facing forward with hands at sides and palms facing forward. The body is divided into right/left halves by the midline. Structures close to the midline are medial, further away are lateral. Structures nearer the head are proximal, further are distal. Joint movements include flexion (bending), extension (straightening), abduction/adduction (away from/towards midline), rotation (internal towards body center, external away), circumduction (conical movement), dorsiflexion/plantar flexion (toes up/down).

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    1.3 Anatomical Position and Movements of Joints PDF

    Uploaded by

    Pradosh Kumar Panigrahy
    102 views16 pages
    The document discusses anatomical position and movement of joints. Anatomical position is defined as standing erect, facing forward with hands at sides and palms facing forward. The body is divided into right/left halves by the midline. Structures close to the midline are medial, further away are lateral. Structures nearer the head are proximal, further are distal. Joint movements include flexion (bending), extension (straightening), abduction/adduction (away from/towards midline), rotation (internal towards body center, external away), circumduction (conical movement), dorsiflexion/plantar flexion (toes up/down).

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    1.3 Anatomical position and Movements of Joints.pdf

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    The document discusses anatomical position and movement of joints. Anatomical position is defined as standing erect, facing forward with hands at sides and palms facing forward. The body is divided into right/left halves by the midline. Structures close to the midline are medial, further away are lateral. Structures nearer the head are proximal, further are distal. Joint movements include flexion (bending), extension (straightening), abduction/adduction (away from/towards midline), rotation (internal towards body center, external away), circumduction (conical movement), dorsiflexion/plantar flexion (toes up/down).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    102 views16 pages

    1.3 Anatomical Position and Movements of Joints PDF

    Uploaded by

    Pradosh Kumar Panigrahy
    The document discusses anatomical position and movement of joints. Anatomical position is defined as standing erect, facing forward with hands at sides and palms facing forward. The body is divided into right/left halves by the midline. Structures close to the midline are medial, further away are lateral. Structures nearer the head are proximal, further are distal. Joint movements include flexion (bending), extension (straightening), abduction/adduction (away from/towards midline), rotation (internal towards body center, external away), circumduction (conical movement), dorsiflexion/plantar flexion (toes up/down).

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 16

    Anatomical

    Position
    and
    Movement of
    Joints

    1
    Anatomical Position

     It is a universally accepted standard terms to describe


    the Anatomical position where -

    A person standing erect

    Looking forward

    Hands hanging by his


    side

    Palms looking forward

    Feet are placed such that


    the toes are directed
    forward
    2
     The body is divided into right and left halves by an imaginary line

    passing in the sagittal plane. This line is called ‘Midline’ or ‘Median


    3
    line’
    Front part of the
    body – Anterior part
    (Stomach)

    Back part of the


    body – Posterior
    part (Vertebral
    column)

    (So we can say that


    stomach is anterior
    to vertebral column
    and vice a versa)
    4
    - The structure close to the
    midline – Medial

    - The structure away from the


    midline - Lateral

    (In the forearm ulna is placed


    medially and radius is placed
    laterally)

    5
    - The organ nearer to the
    head is Proximal

    - The organ away from the


    head – Distal

    (Shoulder joint is proximal


    to the elbow and elbow joint
    is distal to the shoulder but
    proximal to the wrist joint)

    6
    Movement of the Joints

     Flexion:

     Bending or decreasing the angle between the bones or parts of


    the body. (Proximal and distal bones of joints come closer)

     For example, bending the elbow, or clenching a hand into a fist,


    When sitting down, the knees are flexed.

     Extension:

     Straightening or increasing the angel between the bones


    (Proximal and distal bones of the joints move away from each
    other)

    7
     For example, when standing up, the knees are extended.
    8
     Abduction:

     Any movment away from the midline

     Adduction:

     Any movement towards the midline

    9
     Rotation:

     Roation is referring to rotation towards or away from the


    centre of the body

     Internal rotation:(medial rotation)

     It refers to rotation towards the axis of the body


    body.

     For example, pointing the feet to face each other, or when the
    arms are turned so that the palms face the back of the body, are
    examples of internal rotation.

     External rotation:(lateral rotation)

     It refers to rotation away from the centre of the body


    body.

     For example, rotation of the feet or arms in the opposite direction


    10
    to that above is an example of external rotation.
    11
     Circumduction:

     It refers to a conical movement of a


    body part.

     Circumduction is a combination of flexion,


    extension, adduction and abduction.

     Circumduction can be best performed at


    ball and socket joints, such as the hip and
    shoulder, but may also be performed by
    other parts of the body such as fingers,
    hands, feet, and head.

     For example, circumduction occurs when


    spinning the arm when performing a serve
    in tennis or bowling a cricket ball. 12
     Dorsiflexion:

     Where the toes are brought


    closer to the shin bone
    bone..
    shinbone

     For example, when walking on the


    heels the ankle is described as
    dorsiflexion

     Plantar flexion:

     It is the movement which


    decreases the angle between
    the sole of the foot and the
    back of the leg.

     For example, the movement when


    standing on the tiptoes can be
    described as plantar flexion 13
    14
    15
    16

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