Membrane Filter Elements: Operating Manual

Operating Manual
Membrane Filter Elements
LENSER Filtration GmbH + Co.

Postfach 13 09
89242 Senden/Iller
Germany
Telephone: + (49) 73 07/8 01 - 0
Telefax: + (49) 73 07/3 32 75
Status: 06/2001/02
Imprint
All rights reserved

© Copyright by LENSER Filtration GmbH + Co.,
Postfach 13 09, 89242 Senden/Iller, Germany
Printed in Germany
Version 3.0
This Operating Manual may not be reprinted or otherwise duplicated, in whole or in part, without the explicit,
written permission of LENSER Filtration GmbH + Co.
Any type of duplication, circulation or storage on data carriers in any manner not authorised by LENSER
Filtration GmbH + Co. represents a violation of the applicable copyright laws and shall be prosecuted. We
expressly reserve the right to make technical changes which serve to improve the Membrane Filter
Elements, or which increase the safety standard without prior notice.
Publisher responsible for the contents: LENSER Filtration GmbH + Co.

Layout: INDUBO GmbH & Co. KG, Postfach 160, 73001 Göppingen, http://www.indubo.de
Foreword
This Operating Manual is intended to help you familiarise yourself with the membrane filter
elements and to exploit the possibilities presented by their proper use. Important safety
precautions and hazard warnings assist you in operating the membrane filter elements
safely and properly.
Please take time to read and understand this Operating Manual to familiarise yourself with
the operating parameters of our membrane filter elements before you initiate any
operations. Observe these instructions, for they will help to protect your filter elements from
damage.
We will not be held liable for damages, especially when caused by improper handling, by
failure to follow this Operating Manual or by repairs that were not authorised by us.
Our products are constantly being further developed. Please understand that we reserve
the right to make changes in design, equipment and engineering. Therefore, no claims can
be made with regard to specifications, illustrations and descriptions contained in this
Operating Manual.
This Operating Manual does not replace the operating specifications of the filter press
manufacturer or other suppliers. Following this Operating Manual does not necessarily
guarantee proper functioning of the entire system. The liability of LENSER Filtration GmbH
+ Co. and its subsidiaries is therefore limited to the scope of delivery of the membrane filter
elements.
Information
We urgently recommend that you carefully read this Operating Manual and observe its
contents, in particular the safety precautions. Regulations for components of filter
systems which have been prepared by third parties should always be observed
independently of this Operating Manual.
Prevailing legal regulations and the state of the art must also generally be observed,
whether or not they are specified in the Operating Manual for Membrane Filter Elements.
Following these instructions will help you to use the filter plates and frames as safely and
reliably as possible. The recommendations contained in this Operating Manual are
examples and do not necessarily cover all possible situations.
We will be happy to provide additional information on our products. Just give us a call:
Telephone: Telefax:
LENSER Filtration GmbH+Co. +(49) 73 07 - 8 01 - 0 +(49) 73 07 - 3 32 75

Breslauer Str. 8
89242 Senden/Iller
Germany
http://www.lenser.de
E-mail: mailbox@lenser.de
LENSER Anwendungstechnische +(49) 73 07 - 8 01 - 0 +(49) 73 07 - 3 32 75

Gesellschaft mbH
Postfach 13 19
89242 Senden/Iller
Germany
http://www.lenser.de
E-mail: mailbox@lenser.de
LENSER Filtration Inc. +(1) 7 32 - 3 70 16 00 +(1) 7 32 - 3 70 84 11

1750 Oak Street
Lakewood Industrial Park
Lakewood, N. J. 08701
USA
http://www.lenserusa.com
E-mail: mailbox@lenserusa.com
LENSER Asia Sdn Bhd +(60) 3 - 61 57 36 27 +(60) 3 - 61 56 34 03

Lot 1560 Kampung Jaya
Jalan Kusta, Batu 12 1/2
47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor D.E.
Malaysia
E-mail: admin@lenserasia.com.my
LENSER Filtration GmbH + Co. +(86) 21 - 64 68 88 72 +(86) 21 - 64 69 56 37

Shanghai Representative Office
No. 825, I#7/F-B
Zhao-Jia-Bang Road
Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
E-mail: lenser@sh163a.sta.net.cn
LENSER Filtration S.a.r.l. +(33) 3 88 06 00 99 +(33) 3 88 06 90 90

65, Route de Marienthal
67500 Haguenau
France
E-mail: mailbox@lenser.fr
Note
All information, illustrations and specifications in this Operating Manual are based on
information valid on the day of printing. We reserve the right to make changes at any time
without prior notification.
Table of Contents
Page
1 Safety Precautions ...................................................................... 1
Please observe the notes in the operating manual ................................................................. 1
2 Safety Regulations ...................................................................... 3
Explanation of symbols and warnings ..................................................................................... 3
2.1 Organisational measures......................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Safety equipment..................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Informal safety measures ........................................................................................................ 4
2.4 Training of personnel............................................................................................................... 4
2.5 Particularly dangerous points .................................................................................................. 4
Danger resulting from improper use ........................................................................................ 4
Danger from substances ......................................................................................................... 5
Danger from careless use of personal protective equipment .................................................. 5
Dangers from improper assembly, mechanical dangers ......................................................... 5
Dangers and residual risks from incorrect behaviour by the operating personnel................... 5
2.6 Maintenance and service, troubleshooting .............................................................................. 6
2.7 Structural modifications to the membrane filter elements........................................................ 6
2.8 Cleaning the system and disposal........................................................................................... 6
2.9 Copyright ................................................................................................................................. 6
3 Shipping and Storage.................................................................. 7
3.1 Transporting the membrane filter elements............................................................................. 7
3.2 Storing the membrane filter elements...................................................................................... 7
4 Scope of Delivery......................................................................... 8
4.1 Checking and inspecting the membrane filter elements.......................................................... 8
4.2 Membrane filter elements in detail........................................................................................... 8
5 Assembly and Commissioning ................................................ 11
5.1 Installing the filter cloths ........................................................................................................ 11
Selecting the filter cloths........................................................................................................ 11
Cutting the filter cloths to size................................................................................................ 11
5.2 Installation sequence of filter elements in the filter press ...................................................... 12
General information on installation sequence ....................................................................... 12
Basic installation sequence ................................................................................................... 13
5.3 Installation position in the filter press..................................................................................... 14
General information on the installation position..................................................................... 14
Positioning ............................................................................................................................. 15
5.4 Plate shifting system.............................................................................................................. 16
Advice on using the membrane filter elements...................................................................... 16
6 Operating the Membrane Filter Elements................................ 17
6.1 Closing the filter press ........................................................................................................... 17
6.1.1 Determining the closing force for standard filter elements up to 16 bar ................................ 18
Calculation formulae.............................................................................................................. 19
Conversion of the common units: .......................................................................................... 19
Reading the graphs ............................................................................................................... 21
Reading the graphs ............................................................................................................... 23
6.1.2 Determining the closing force for high-pressure membrane filter elements .......................... 24
6.2 Filtration................................................................................................................................. 26
6.2.1 Precoat filtration..................................................................................................................... 27
6.2.2 Product filtration..................................................................................................................... 27
6.2.2.1 Feeding solids into the filter chambers .................................................................................. 28
Press packs made from membrane filter elements or membrane/filter plate combinations. . 29
Status: 06/2001/01 Operating Manual i

Press packs from combinations of membrane and recessed filter elements

("mixed packs")...................................................................................................................... 29
6.2.3 Calculation of final chamber filling ......................................................................................... 30
6.3 Basic instructions for squeezing the membranes .................................................................. 31
Squeeze media...................................................................................................................... 31
Permissible squeezing pressure............................................................................................ 31
Squeeze medium quantity ..................................................................................................... 32
Squeezing volume flow.......................................................................................................... 32
Squeezing pressure rise ........................................................................................................ 32
6.3.1 Possible connections for squeeze media .............................................................................. 32
Individual external inflation system ........................................................................................ 32
Internal inflation system ......................................................................................................... 34
6.3.2 Compressible squeeze media ............................................................................................... 35
Squeezing pressure limitation................................................................................................ 35
Squeezing pressure rise with compressible media................................................................ 36
Venting .................................................................................................................................. 36
6.3.3 Non-compressible squeeze media ........................................................................................ 37
Squeezing pressure limitation................................................................................................ 38
Pressure rise.......................................................................................................................... 38
Discharging squeeze medium ............................................................................................... 38
6.4 Cake washing ........................................................................................................................ 39
6.4.1 Simple wash (Gap wash)....................................................................................................... 40
6.4.2 Thorough wash ...................................................................................................................... 40
6.5 Cake drying............................................................................................................................ 41
6.6 Core blow............................................................................................................................... 41
6.7 Opening and unloading filter press ........................................................................................ 42
6.8 Automatic operation of the filter press ................................................................................... 43
Monitoring operation .............................................................................................................. 43
7 Malfunctions and their causes................................................. 44
8 Service and Maintenance ......................................................... 46
General information on service and maintenance ................................................................. 46
Cleaning and maintenance work ........................................................................................... 46
Monitoring operation .............................................................................................................. 47
Appendix .................................................................................... 48
A.1 LENSER Standard Product Line .............................................. 48

A.1.1 Type key ................................................................................................................................ 48
A.2 Conversion Tables .................................................................... 50

A.2.1 Mechanical tensions .............................................................................................................. 50
A.2.2 Pressure conversion .............................................................................................................. 50
A.2.3 Energy, work, heat quantity ................................................................................................... 50
A.2.4 Energy flow, power, heat flow................................................................................................ 50
A.2.5 Pressure conversion table ..................................................................................................... 51
A.2.6 DIN standards........................................................................................................................ 51
A.3 Graphs........................................................................................ 52
ii Operating Manual Status: 06/2001/01

1 Safety Precautions
Please observe the notes in the operating manual
• It is a prerequisite for the safe handling and trouble-free use of the filter elements that
you are familiar with the fundamental safety regulations.
• This Operating Manual contains the most important information on safe use of the filter
elements.
• The Operating Manual, and in particular the safety information, must be observed by all
persons working with the filter elements.
• In addition, basic rules and regulations for accident prevention applicable to the
operating site must also be observed.
Obligations of the operator
The operator undertakes only to allow persons to work with the filter elements if they
• are familiar with the regulations on health and safety at work and the prevention of
accidents and have been given instruction in handling the filter elements;
• have read and understood the chapter on safety and the warnings in this Operating
Manual and confirmed this with their signature.
Safety-conscious work habits of the personnel will be checked at regular intervals.
Obligations of the personnel
Personnel instructed to work on the filter elements undertake, before commencing work,
• to observe the regulations on occupational safety and accident prevention.
• to read and understand the chapter on safety and the warnings in this Operating
Manual and confirm this with their signature.
Hazards when using the membrane filter elements
The membrane filter elements have been constructed according to the state of the art and
recognized safety rules. The filter elements are only
• intended for proper use
• to be used when they are in perfect condition regarding technical safety.
If they are used improperly, hazards to the life and limb of the user or third parties or
damage to the machine or other property may occur.
Faults which may impair safety must be eliminated immediately.
Status: 06/2001/01 Operating Manual 1

Proper use
The proper use of the membrane filter elements is specified when the order is placed. The
selection of the membrane filter elements is based on the application specified by the
customer or the application developed and defined in agreement with LENSER.
Any other or additional use of the membrane filter elements is considered improper.
LENSER is not liable for any damage or injuries resulting from such improper use or due to
incorrect procedures.
Proper use also includes
• observing all instructions from the Operating Manual and
• adhering to the assembly and commissioning instructions and the inspection and
maintenance work.
Warranty and liability
The "General Conditions of Sale and Delivery" of LENSER basically apply. These will be
made available to the operator at the latest when the contract is concluded. Warranty and
liability claims for injuries to persons and property damage are excluded if they are the
result of one or more of the following causes:
• improper use of the membrane filter elements
• incorrect assembly, commissioning and maintenance of the membrane filter elements
• operation of the membrane filter elements with defective and/or non-functioning safety
and protective equipment
• failure to observe the instructions on the transport, storage, assembly, commissioning,
operation or maintenance of the membrane filter elements contained in this Operating
Manual
• unauthorised design changes to the membrane filter elements
• unauthorised changes to the drive ratios (output etc.)
• insufficient monitoring of the machine parts subject to wear
• incorrectly conducted repairs
• catastrophes caused by foreign bodies and acts of nature.
2 Operating Manual Status: 06/2001/01

2 Safety Regulations
Explanation of symbols and warnings
The following designations and symbols are used for hazards in the Operating Manual:
DANGER
This symbol indicates an immediate danger to the life and health of
persons.
The results of a failure to observe this notice range from serious health-
DANGER
endangering effects to life-endangering injuries.
WARNING
This symbol indicates a potentially threatening danger to the life and
health of persons.
The results of a failure to observe this notice range from serious health-
WARNING endangering effects to life-endangering injuries.
CAUTION
This symbol indicates a potentially dangerous situation.
Failure to observe this notice may lead to minor injuries or to property
damage.
CAUTION
INFORMATION
This symbol provides important information on the proper use of the
system.
Failure to observe this notice may lead to malfunctions in the system or
in the surrounding area.
NOTE
This symbol is used to attract your attention to helpful suggestions,
operating tips and useful information.
They will help you to use functions on the machine correctly and
optimally.
CHECK
This symbol provides information on what to observe and check when
installing or using the system.
Non-observance of this information can lead to damage to the system.
Calculation
You will find calculation examples under this symbol.

2.1 Organisational measures

The necessary personal safety equipment is to be provided by the operator.
2.2 Safety equipment

• All safety equipment must always be properly mounted and operable before putting the
machine into operation.
• Safety equipment may only be removed
- during maintenance and repair work and after separation from the power supply.
- after securing the machine against restarting.
2.3 Informal safety measures

The Operating Manual must be permanently kept at the operating site.
In addition to the Operating Manual, the generally applicable and the local regulations on
accident prevention and environmental protection are to be provided and observed.
2.4 Training of personnel

Only trained and instructed personnel may work with the membrane filter elements.
The responsibility of the personnel for commissioning, operation, maintenance and service
must be clearly defined.
Trainees may only work at the membrane filter elements under the supervision of an
experienced person.
2.5 Particularly dangerous points

The membrane filter elements have been designed and manufactured with the greatest
care and according to the very latest state of the art and science. Nevertheless, residual
risks during handling cannot be completely excluded.
The remaining risks are pointed out in the following.
Note
In addition to the dangers considered in this Operating Manual, all safety precautions in
the operating manuals of the filter press manufacturer and of the devices in which the
membrane filter elements are used must be observed.
Danger resulting from improper use
Danger
Membrane filter elements that are not properly installed or are located outside of the filter
press may not be charged with pressure.
DANGER
Danger
Membrane filter elements that are properly installed may only be pressure charged for
the designated purpose of filter cake draining when the filter press closing force required
for this is applied (see Section 6 "Operating the Membrane Filter Elements").
DANGER

Danger from substances
• Through contact with or inhaling of:

- dust
- vapours
- biological and microbiological elements
Danger from careless use of personal protective equipment
• Check your personal protective equipment at regular intervals.
Danger
When replacing used filter cloths and membrane filter elements, always observe the
current health and safety regulations of the employer's liability insurance associations.
When replacing used filter cloths and membrane filter elements, for safety reasons
DANGER
always wear:
• protective goggles
• protective gloves
• dust protection mask
• appropriate protective clothing
Dangers from improper assembly, mechanical dangers
• Observe the safety precautions of the filter press manufacturer.

• Always maintain a sufficient margin of safety to moving parts.
• Do not reach into the pallet conveyor or between the filter elements while they are in
motion.
Dangers and residual risks from incorrect behaviour by the operating personnel
Make sure while performing any work on the machine that the danger of accidents is not
unnecessarily high due to excessive physical exertion. Therefore, use suitable aids to be
able to carry out this work safely.
Ensure a proper, safe stance. During set-up and operation, unexpected machine
movements may occur. Therefore, never place any part of your body within moving parts.

2.6 Maintenance and service, troubleshooting

• for Lenser's own designs:
see separate instructions in the following sections
• for parts from other manufacturers:
observe the instructions in the manufacturers' operating manuals.
2.7 Structural modifications to the membrane filter elements

No changes/modifications may be made to the membrane filter elements without the
manufacturer's approval.
All changes/modifications require written confirmation from LENSER.
Any membrane filter elements not in proper condition must be replaced immediately.
2.8 Cleaning the system and disposal

The required substances and materials must be used and disposed of properly.
• Cleaning work may only be carried out in accordance with the instructions in Chapter 8
of this Operating Manual.
• Use only suitable cleaning agents. Watch for possible chemical reactions between
cleaning agents and the dirt deposits of the filter elements/filter cloths.
• Dispose of the cleaning waste properly. The waste may be toxic and must be disposed
of in accordance with the local regulations.
• Plastic and compound waste are to be completely recycled and/or returned to the raw
material circulation. If necessary, have resulting plastic waste disposed of properly by a
suitable disposal firm.
• If possible, packaging is to be reused. The packages can be disposed of properly by a
suitable disposal firm if necessary.
2.9 Copyright
The copyright for this Operating Manual is held by LENSER.
This Operating Manual is intended only for the operator and their personnel.
It contains specifications and information which may not be reproduced, distributed or
passed on to third parties in any other manner in full or in part.
Violations may be prosecuted by law.

3 Shipping and Storage

3.1 Transporting the membrane filter elements
The membrane filter elements are transported on pallets or in cases. Particularly
endangered parts are provided with additional protection or packed separately. We
recommend that the membrane filter elements are transported to the place of use in the
original packing and as directly as possible.
Caution
Avoid any impacts or other jolting influences on the membrane filter elements. Jolting
forces have an especially strong effect at temperatures below 10 °C.
CAUTION
3.2 Storing the membrane filter elements

Store the membrane filter elements upright in a room under constant temperature.
Caution
Never expose the membrane filter elements to direct sunlight.
This applies both to outside and inside storage. Cover the filter elements with a tarp
impervious to light if necessary.
CAUTION
Note in this context that filter elements with different temperatures lead to fluctuations in
the dimensional accuracy.

4 Scope of Delivery
Check the delivery of membrane filter elements immediately upon arrival.
• Check the shipments for damage.
• Check the shipment for completeness. The delivered quantity must agree with the
information on the freight bill.
• Only accept incorrect shipments with written reservation. Document damage and have
it ascertained immediately by the insurance agents.
4.1 Checking and inspecting the membrane filter elements

Check the membrane filter elements and accessories against your purchase order and for
conformity with the geometry of your filter press.
4.2 Membrane filter elements in detail
12
11
10
8
2
1
3
7
4
6
1 Centre feed port 7 3-way spigot

(suspension or slurry canal) 8 Outlet elbow
2 Stayboss 9 Handles for automatic plate shifting
3 Sealing edge 10 2-screw handle
4 Filtering surface (drainage surface) 11 3-screw handle
5 External connection for squeeze 12 Cloth dog
medium (individual inflation system)
6 2-way spigot

Filtrate drainage area Filtrate drainage area of

(without spigot) the universal-membrane filter elements
Caulked and Centre feed design

gasketed version
Stayboss Corner feed design
Figure 4-1 Details of membrane filter elements

.
M .I.T
Figure 4-2 Combination high-pressure membrane filter element and filter plate corner
feed design

5 Assembly and Commissioning

5.1 Installing the filter cloths
Information
For membrane filter elements of smaller dimensions and elements for side bar filter
presses up to 1000 mm in size, we recommend that you install the filter cloths before
installing the filter elements in the filter press.
Selecting the filter cloths
A wide range of prefabricated filter cloths can be used:
• overhanging cloths with cloth grommets

• barrel neck cloths with or without edge sealing
• barrel neck cloths with or without support cloth or undercloth
• barrel neck cloths for fixing in a cloth clamping groove in gasketed membrane filter
elements
Cutting the filter cloths to size
Cut the filter cloths to match the following boreholes:
• filtrate drainage holes

• wash-water feed holes
• discharge holes
• internal inflation ports for squeeze medium
Note
When cutting the filter cloths to fit, make sure that these cut-outs are approximately
10 mm larger in diameter than the holes in the membrane filter elements.
Experience shows that when the filter cloths stretch, these openings can be obstructed
by filter cloth cut-outs not being large enough.
Information
• Always stretch the filter cloths flat on the filter element.
Folded or off-centre filter cloths lead to leakage in the filter chamber.
• Make sure that the filter cloths are not pressed into the filtrate drainage holes, even
after extended use.
• Depending on the cloth quality, increased wear must be expected at points
subjected to particularly high stress. Your cloth supplier offers filter cloths equipped
accordingly for your application.
• Make sure that the barrel neck cloths fit tightly to the border of the slurry canal.
• The so-called "neck" may not protrude into the filter chamber.
• If the suspension is very easy to filter, arrange the cloth neck in such a way that the
slurry canal does not become blocked. Otherwise considerable differential pressures
will result, causing damage to the filter elements.

Warning
When using membrane filter elements of a particular filter press assembly, always use
the same quality or type of filter cloth. This helps you to prevent leakage in the filter
chambers, unequal chamber fill levels and any consequential damage to the membrane
WARNING filter elements.
• This damage can lead to property damage and injuries.
If you have detailed questions on filter cloths, please contact your filter cloth supplier.
Danger
When replacing used filter cloths, always observe the current health and safety
regulations of the employer's liability insurance associations.
When replacing used filter cloths, for safety reasons always wear:
DANGER
• respiratory protection
• protective gloves
• impermeable protective clothing
5.2 Installation sequence of filter elements in the filter press

General information on installation sequence
The membrane filter elements are marked to indicate their installation position in the filter
press. The marking may be applied to the filter elements in the following ways:
• coloured cloth dogs or

• coloured handle end caps and/or
• coloured spigot handles or
• dots stamped into the side of the filter elements
The markings have the following meaning:
Marking Meaning
No marking Connection plate or blanking
plate
Black Head and tail (end) filter
element
Red or Pressure filter element
one dot
Blue or Wash filter element
three dots

Basic installation sequence
1. The connection plate and the head filter element are installed at the fixed end of the
filter press.
Information
Whether the head filter element is loose, i.e. movable, or fixed to the head piece/
connection plate of the filter press frame depends on the design of the respective filter
press.
2. The tail (end) filter element is installed in front of the movable pressure piece of the
filter press.
3. The pressure and wash filter elements are installed alternately so that the fluid routing
necessary for the filtration and washing processes is possible.
Fixed head piece Movable pressure/
of the filter press end piece of the
filter press
Figure 5-1 Installation sequence of pressure and wash plates
Information
Filter presses can generally be fitted with membrane filter elements or optionally in
combination (alternately) with recessed filter elements or filter plates. The filter elements
must be designed accordingly.
You should therefore only use combinations authorised by LENSER.

Warning
If you use both recessed and membrane filter elements for one filter press, you must
ensure that they are installed in alternating order.
• Never use more than one recessed filter element between two membrane filter
WARNING
elements:
The squeezing of the membranes generates enormous forces which can destroy the
recessed filter elements.
Effects on the filter press—as well as damage to persons and property—cannot be
excluded in this event.
• Never use the tail (end) plate exclusively to shorten the filter pack. Instead, use an
accordingly dimensioned blanking plate (please contact LENSER Filtration for
details).
The surface pressure during filtration or squeezing inevitably results in differential
pressure, and thus in the destruction of the filter elements.
This may lead to property damage and injuries.
5.3 Installation position in the filter press

General information on the installation position
Note
Install filter elements in the filter press free of tension, in the correct installation position
with sufficient lateral stability.
Check the following points when installing the filter elements in the filter
press:
• Are filter elements facing in the proper direction in the filter press frame?
• Are the filter elements properly positioned in the horizontal and vertical direction in
the filter press?
• Are the filter elements centred in the press frame?
• Do filter elements with overhead suspension hang vertically and without swinging?
Figure 5-2 Plate guidance for round and rectangular side bar filter presses

Check the following points when installing the filter elements in the side
bar filter press:
• The fixed and loose side of the handles must be properly arranged
• Filter elements between the side bars must not jam, even after thermal expansion.
The following illustration shows the fixed handle for lateral guidance of the filter elements:
Fixed handle on round side bar Fixed handle on rectangular side bar
Positioning
Position the fixed side so that the filter elements remain centred in the press frame at
operating temperature.
Checking:
• Check the lateral and height offset of the filter elements to each other.
- Differences of up to 5 mm are permitted.
- The fixed head piece and movable pressure/end piece of the filter press completely
support the head and tail (end) filter elements.
Warning
• An impermissible offset and insufficient support of the filter elements lead to
chamber leakage.
• Insufficient power transmission on the surface also results in damage to the filter
WARNING
elements.
• Personal injuries and property damage are at risk.

5.4 Plate shifting system
Checking the proper operation of the plate shifting system:

• After installing the filter elements in the press frame, the correct operation of the
plate shifting system (if existing) must be checked.
Warning
• Maintain a sufficient safety distance to the moving parts of the system.
• Do not reach into the plate conveyor or between the filter elements while they are in
motion.
WARNING
• Always observe and check the statutory or other specified safety equipment.
• Observe the operating regulations of the filter press manufacturer.
Advice on using the membrane filter elements
Note
• Adjust the acceleration and drive forces of the plate shifting system to the type of
material (e.g. polypropylene) of the filter elements.
• When the filter elements are picked up by the shifting system by the handle, sudden
acceleration must be avoided.
This applies to the shifting of a filter element, both for opening the chamber and for
the delay phase when laying down the filter elements.
Excessive acceleration or delay forces lead to breakage of the handles and filter
elements, or to the mounting bolts being torn out.
• Membrane filter elements must not rotate around their axes or be shifted at an angle
to the direction of movement when they are being moved.
This will result in damage to the filter cloths or the filter elements.
Checking the sliding surfaces on sidebar machines:

• To keep handle wear to a minimum, check the slide surfaces of the side bar
machines for proper surface condition.

6 Operating the Membrane Filter Elements

6.1 Closing the filter press
The closing mechanism of the filter press seals the chambers against the operating
pressure resulting from filtration or squeezing. The closing mechanism yields the surface
pressure required for sealing at the sealing edge.
Warning
To prevent the filter elements from being permanently deformed, overstressing as the
result of excessive closing force is not permitted.
WARNING
While holding the filter chambers closed, the closing mechanism compensates for:
• changes in length caused by compressing the filter cloths and by the elasticity of the
filter elements
• changes in length resulting from thermal expansion
The stroke of the closing mechanism must be adjusted. The required stroke results from
the following parameters:
• the required opening distance of the chambers for cake release
• the elasticity of the filter pack including the filter cloths
Information
• The closing force must be transferred to the filter elements during operation. Usually,
hydraulic cylinders are used to close the filter press.
• Therefore, the hydraulic system must be designed so that the required hydraulic
pressure is regulated automatically by the hydraulic system during the closing times.
• If thermal expansion causes the filter pack to expand, the resulting excess pressure
must be relieved with a discharge valve.
• The closing force must not exceed the ratio calculated from the permissible
operating pressure and the operating temperature.
Therefore, we differentiate between the required closing force [Fmin] and the
maximum permissible closing force [Fmax].
Note
Should operating conditions exist which are not explained here, please contact LENSER
Filtration.
Your specific questions will be answered individually by LENSER Filtration experts.

Warning
Make sure that:
• the required closing force is permissible for your filter press frame.
WARNING
• the required closing force remains constant during the closing times (is within the
specified amounts for Fmin and Fmax).
- An insufficient closing force results in leakage.
- Excessive closing force may damage the filter elements and the filter press frame.
Improper operation may cause property damage and injuries.
• the closing force does not exceed the ratio calculated from the permissible operating
pressure and the operating temperature.
• when the filter press is not in operation, no closing force is applied to the filter
elements.
- There is a danger that, as the result of temperature fluctuations, changes in the
length of the plate pack may occur which cannot be compensated by the closing
mechanism, e.g. the hydraulic system.
• if the filter press is to be closed without operating it, the hydraulic system continues
to operate.
- However, the maximum permissible closing force must not be applied for an
extended period, e.g. for longer than one (1) day, without operating the filter press.
- In this case, permanent deformations to the filter elements may occur which lead to
malfunctions of the filter elements and the filter press.
• no objects, including filter cake residues or even persons, are caught while closing
the filter press.
• the general accident prevention regulations, such as the light curtain, release cord
etc. are observed.
The employer's liability insurance association has published corresponding accident
prevention regulations for filter presses. Ask your safety expert about them.
6.1.1 Determining the closing force for standard filter elements up to 16 bar
To determine the closing force for standard membrane filter elements:
1. Refer to the graphs (Appendix, Graph 11+12, page 62) to read off the permissible
pressures in dependence of the operating temperature.
Make sure to take the material of the filter element into account!
2. Establish the maximum permissible operating pressure.
- The actual operating pressure must be less than or equal to the maximum
permissible operating pressure.
- The closing force is dependent on the size of the filter elements.
- Examples explain how to read off the values from the graphs.
3. Now determine the required closing force [Fmin] and the maximum permissible closing
force [Fmax] for the respective filter element pack from the graphs (see Appendix).
4. Calculate the exact closing forces as a function of the actual operating pressure [p] with
the formulae [1] and [2]:

Calculation formulae
[1] Required closing force:

Fmin = 0.5 x AF x p x 100 x S
[2] Maximum permissible closing force:

Fmax = Fmin + (AG - 0.5 x AF) x 0.5 x p x 100
Variable Unit1 Description

Fmin kN Minimum or required closing force
Fmax kN Maximum permissible closing force
AF m² Total filtration area (see data sheets)2
AG m² Total surface area of the filter element
pF bar Filtration pressure
pN bar Membrane squeezing pressure
p bar Maximum operating pressure
S - Factor S = 1.3
1
Conversion charts for SI units are reproduced in the appendix (page 50).
2
Total filtering surface of the filter element (both sides).
Conversion of the common units:
bar kp/cm² N/cm² kPa
bar 1 1.02 10 100
kp/cm² 0.981 1 9.81 98.1
N/cm² 0.1 0.102 1 10
kPa 0.01 0.0102 0.1 1

Example 1 for calculating the closing forces:
Filter element type KMZ 470 bloc-PP/PP

Size 470 mm x 470 mm
• Values:
- Filtering surface AF = 0.324 m² (from data sheet)1
- Total area AG = 0.47 m x 0.47 m = 0.2209 m²
- Operating temperature 60 °C
- Maximum permissible filtration pressure from Graph 11 (page 62)
pF = 5.8 bar
- Maximum permissible squeeze pressure from Graph 14 (page 63)
pN = 12.6 bar
- Actual, maximum operating pressure
p = pN = 12.6 bar
- Closing force from Graph 1 (page 52).
Fmin = approx. 260 kN
Fmax = approx. 300 kN
• Calculation of the closing forces:
Fmin = 0.5 x 0.324 m² x 12.6 x 100 x 1.3 = 265.4 kN
Fmax = 265.4 kN + (0.2209 m² - 0.5 x 0.324 m²) x 0.5 x 12.6 bar x 100
Fmax = 302.5 kN
1
You can obtain the relevant data sheets from LENSER.

Reading the graphs
The graph at the left illustrates the

system for calculating the closing force
for the filter element type KMZ 470 PP
(Example 1).
To calculate the closing force, proceed

in the following order:
5 1. Draw a horizontal line from the
3 operating temperature to the curve
of the temperature-dependent
4 operating pressure.
Operating temperature: T
1
Closing force: F (kN)
2. Draw a vertical line downwards and

read off the maximum permissible
operating pressure (here equal to
the squeezing pressure) on the X-
axis.
3. Now draw a vertical line upwards to
2 intersect with the two straight lines
Fmin and Fmax.
4. Now read off the required closing
force Fmin from the horizontal line.
5. Read off the maximum permissible
closing force Fmax at the horizontal
line in a similar manner.
Operating pressure: p
Note
• The accuracy with which the graphs are read may result in deviations from the
calculated values. Therefore, use the graph reading only as an initial approximation
of the closing forces.
• The actual operating pressure may be lower than the maximum permissible
operating temperatures for the filter elements. This may be due to various reasons,
e.g.:
- existing equipment
- product-specific necessities
Please see Example 2.

Example 2 for calculating the closing forces:
Filter element type KMZ 1200 bloc-PP/PP

• Values:
- Filtering surface AF = 2.397 m² (from data sheet)1
pF = 5.8 bar
- Maximum permissible squeeze pressure from Graph 14 (page 63)
pN = 12.6 bar
- Now a lower operating pressure is selected here
p = pN = 8 bar
- Closing force from the graph on page 56
Fmin = approx. 1210 kN
Fmax = approx. 1340 kN
Fmin = 0.5 x 2.397 m² x 8 x 100 x 1.3 = 1246.5 kN
Fmax = 1246.5 kN + (1.44 m² - 0.5 x 2.397 m²) x 0.5 x 8 x 100
Fmax = 1343.0 kN
1

Reading the graphs
The graph at the left illustrates the

system for calculating the closing force
for the filter element type KMZ 1200 PP
(Example 2).
To calculate the closing force, proceed

in the following order:
1. Draw a horizontal line from the
operating temperature to the curve
of the temperature-dependent
operating pressure.
Operating temperature: T
1 2. In the current example, the actual
operating pressure is less than the

permissible value.
5
3. Now draw a vertical line from the
actual operating pressure to
2 intersect with the two straight lines
4 Fmin and Fmax.
4. Now read off the required closing
force Fmin from the horizontal line.
5. Read off the maximum permissible
3 closing force Fmax at the horizontal
line in a similar manner.
Operating pressure: p
Note
• The accuracy with which the graphs are read may result in deviations from the
calculated values. Therefore, use the graph reading only as an initial approximation
of the closing forces.
• The determined closing force for the plate pack must be correctly transferred to the
closing device of the filter press. Ask the filter press manufacture to properly adjust
the closing forces.

6.1.2 Determining the closing force for high-pressure membrane filter

elements
High-pressure membrane filter elements are made from special materials. They are
designed for high operating pressures (see type key in the Appendix).
• Membrane filter elements with a centre feed, KMZ .... UM HD bloc, are available for an
admissible squeezing pressure of up to 25 bar.
• Membrane filter elements with a corner feed, KME .... UM HD bloc, are available for an
admissible squeezing pressure of up to 30 bar.
To calculate the required closing force, proceed as described in Section 6.1.1.
Note
However, note that the closing force must be applied in steps. If no individual
specifications are developed by LENSER, the following guidelines apply:
Step Operating pressure

1 up to 50 % x pmax.
• The closing force of the next step must not be applied until the operating pressure
has reached the end pressure of the assigned step.
• To protect the filter elements from damage resulting from excessive closing force,
the closing force must be controlled or monitored so that the closing force assigned
to the respective pressure step is not exceeded.
• When the operating pressure is reduced, the closing force must be reduced
accordingly.
If in doubt, contact LENSER to have the operating parameters defined specifically for
your plant.

Example 3 for calculating the closing forces for LENSER high-pressure

membrane filter elements up to 30 bar:
Filter element type KMZ 1500 UM HD bloc-PP/PP
• Values:
- Filter area AF = 3.765 m² (see data sheet) 1
pF = 7 bar
- Maximum permissible squeezing pressure from Graph 16 (page 64)
pN = 30 bar
- Maximum operating pressure selected
p = pN = 30 bar
Step 1: up to 50 % x 30 bar = 15 bar:
Fmin = 0.5 x 3.765 m² x 15 x 100 x 1.3 = 3670.9 kN
Fmax = 3670.9 kN + (2.25 m² - 0.5 x 3.765 m²) x 0.5 x 15 x 100
Fmax = 3946.5 kN
Step 2: 50 % to 66 % = 15 to 20 bar:
Fmin = 0.5 x 3.765 m² x 20 x 100 x 1.3 = 4894.5 kN
Fmax = 4894.5 kN + (2.25 m² - 0.5 x 3.765 m²) x 0.5 x 20 x 100
Fmax = 5262 kN
Step 3: 66 % to 83 = 20 to 25 bar
Fmin = 0.5 x 3.765 m² x 25 x 100 x 1.3 = 6118.1 kN
Fmax = 6118.1 kN + (2.25 m² - 0.5 x 3.765 m²) x 0.5 x 25 x 100
Fmax = 6577.5 kN
Step 4: 83 % to 100 % = 25 to 30 bar

Fmin = 0.5 x 3.765 m² x 30 x 100 x 1.3 = 7341.8 kN
Fmax = 7341.8 kN + (2.25 m² - 0.5 x 3.765 m²) x 0.5 x 30 x 100
Fmax = 7893 kN
Do not over- or undershoot the respective closing pressure.

1
Note
The determined closing force for the plate pack must be correctly transferred to the
closing device of the filter press. Ask the filter press manufacture to properly adjust the
closing forces.
Warning
Only high-pressure filter elements approved by LENSER may be used for a squeezing
pressure of 25 or 30 bar. Coordinate the operating conditions with LENSER.
WARNING

6.2 Filtration
The chambers of the filter presses are fed via feed-canal with the so-called suspension.
The filtrate flows off via filtrate discharge canals.
When separating solid particles in the filter chambers, a distinction is made between:
• precoat filtration
• product filtration
Danger
Please obtain the permissible operating pressure of the filter press from the filter press
manufacturer. Overstressing will result in damage to the filter press frame and the filter
elements and endangers the life of the operating personnel.
DANGER
Warning
Make sure that the filter chambers are fed uniformly, i.e.:
• the cake build-up must be constant over the filter surface of all filter elements
WARNING
• differential pressure between the chambers is not permitted.
Differential pressure can damage or destroy the membrane filter elements.
Note
Filtration must be completed without interruption.
An alternating operating mode without cake release is not permitted within a filtration
cycle.

6.2.1 Precoat filtration

With precoat filtration, a thin layer of filter aid is allowed to build-up on the filter cloths of the
filter chambers. This method can achieve a better separation effect during filtration and/or
a better cake discharge at the end.
Diatomaceous earth, for example, is used as a filter aid.
Information
• The required thickness of the filter aid layer must be determined individually for each
application.
• For a satisfactory effect, a uniform layer thickness is required for the entire filter
surface.
The concentration of filter aids in the precoating suspension and the precoating
quantity required in each case are determined empirically.
• The transition from precoat filtration to product filtration should take place without a
pressure drop to avoid disturbing the layer build-up.
• Please contact LENSER for additional information.
6.2.2 Product filtration

The filter chambers are usually fed with pumps. There is a best possible pump size for each
installation.
Experience has shown that the dimensions of the feeding pump, depending on the product
composition and filtering speed, lie between 50 and 400 dm³ • h/m².
Information
• The feeding system must be designed so that no pressure pulsation or pressure dips
can occur. Otherwise uneven cake build-up, bent membrane filter elements and poor
filtration throughput will result.
• LENSER Filtration will be happy to offer advice on process optimisation.

6.2.2.1 Feeding solids into the filter chambers
The ideal quantity of solids for filling the membrane chambers is determined by many
factors. Significant factors are the filtration behaviour, the filtration cycles and the desired
filtration result.
Filling the filter chambers
Experience has shown that membrane filter presses can be filled at 60 % to 80 % of the
volume of the chamber filter press.
- If no references are available, the optimum amount must be determined by trial and
error.
Cake thickness after squeezing
The choice of filter element type, the membrane material and the plate pack configuration
together determine how far the membrane can be squeezed into the adjacent chambers
without damage.
In order to ensure optimal service life of the membranes, the loading of the filter chambers
with solids should be measured so that the minimum final cake thicknesses as shown in the
following tables are not undershot.
LENSER will be happy advise you if difficulties arise and when selecting a suitable
filter element type.
Caution
It is essential that the minimum final cake thickness is observed, as otherwise damage
to the membranes cannot be ruled out.
CAUTION

Press packs made from membrane filter elements or membrane/filter plate

combinations.
For pure LENSER standard membrane filter element packs and LENSER membrane/
filter plate combinations:
Membrane filter Minimum final cake thickness in %

elements (one-piece, of the geometrical chamber depth
welded membrane
design) Membrane material
PP TPE PVDF
KME - bloc only 30 25 30
KME - bloc + FXE 30 25 30
KMZ - bloc only 30 25 30
KMZ - bloc + FXZ 30 25 30
For pure LENSER universal membrane filter element packs and LENSER membrane/
filter plate combinations:
Membrane filter Minimum final cake thickness in %

elements (one-piece, of the geometrical chamber depth
welded and 3-piece,
exchangeable Membrane material
membrane design) PP TPE PVDF
KME - (R)UM 0 0 0
KME - (R)UM + FXE 0 0 0
KMZ - (R)UM 0 0 0
KMZ - (R)UM + FXE 0 0 0
Press packs from combinations of membrane and recessed filter elements

("mixed packs")
For the LENSER standard membrane filter element in combination with LENSER
recessed filter elements as a mixed pack:
Filter element Minimum final cake thickness in %

combinations of the geometrical chamber depth
(one-piece, welded
membrane design) Membrane material
PP TPE PVDF
KME- bloc + KXE 60 50 60
KMZ- bloc + KXE 60 50 60
The filter element combinations set out below allow the membranes to be squeezed into
the unfilled chambers in the event of process disruptions without any damage normally
being caused to the membranes.
If empty chambers occur repeatedly and frequently, LENSER recommends to use
support/distribution rings.

For the LENSER universal membrane filter element in combination with LENSER
recessed filter elements as a mixed pack:

(one-piece, welded and
3-piece, exchangeable Membrane material
membrane design) PP TPE PVDF
KME- (R)UM + KXE 0 0 0
KMZ- (R)UM + KXZ 0 0 0
For the LENSER RUD membrane filter element in combination with LENSER recessed
filter elements as a mixed pack:

(exchangeable
membrane designs) Membrane material
PP TPE PVDF
KMZ- RUD + KXE 0 0 0
KME- RUD + KXZ 0 0 0
For the LENSER RUD membrane filter element (EPDM/NBR membranes) in combination
with LENSER recessed filter elements:

Membrane material
EPDM NBR
KMZ - RUD + KXZ 0 0
The type key of the product line and the material designations can be found in the Appendix
of this Operating Manual.
6.2.3 Calculation of final chamber filling
Sample calculation of the final chamber filling

A mixed plate pack consisting of membrane filter elements KME bloc PP and chamber
filter elements KXE has a resulting chamber depth of 50 mm.
The final cake thickness after squeezing is to be at least 60 %:

60 % of 50 mm = 30 mm
Note
If the minimum cake thickness is not achieved, please contact LENSER.
The recommended limits of the final cake thickness after squeezing are based on the
experience of the industrial users of our membrane filter elements. In special cases it
may be advisable to change these limits.

6.3 Basic instructions for squeezing the membranes

The membrane filter elements are used to stabilise the filter cake during washing in the filter
chamber and to squeeze the filter cake to release additional filtrate. For this purpose a
suitable squeeze medium is fed under pressure behind the membranes following the
filtration phase.
Squeeze media
The following are used as squeeze media:

• compressible (e.g. air)
• incompressible (e.g. water)
Danger
For safety reasons, water should always be the preferred squeeze medium for
squeezing the membranes.
- Water is a virtually incompressible medium.
DANGER
- When using compressed air (or other gases), the compressed volume represents an
increased safety risk due to the technical work involved. If the closing force of the filter
press fails during squeezing with compressed gas, the expansion of the compressed
gas causes the filter press to open suddenly. This may result in damage to the filter
elements, filter press frame and other equipment. In such cases, the risk of serious
injury or even death to the operating personnel cannot be excluded.
Permissible squeezing pressure
The necessary squeezing pressure is generally determined by the dewatering properties of

the filter cake.
Here the maximum permissible squeezing pressure is dependent on the following
influences:
• permissible operating pressure of the press frame
• permissible pressure and temperature strain of the membrane filter elements
Danger
Please obtain the permissible operating pressure of the filter press from the filter press
manufacturer. Impermissible overstressing leads to damage to the filter press frame, the
filter elements and other equipment. This presents a risk of serious injury or even death
DANGER to the operating personnel.

Squeeze medium quantity
The quantity of squeeze medium per cycle is calculated as follows:

Chamber volume - final cake volume = squeeze medium quantity
Example
If a filter cake is squeezed from 40 mm to 35 mm, the required squeeze medium volume
= 12.5 % x chamber volume.
Squeezing volume flow
The required volume flow is not exclusively dependent on the squeeze time and the
calculated squeeze volume. The natural dewatering rate of the filter cake is of primary
relevance.
Squeezing pressure rise
The squeeze pressure rise is of major importance for:

• the dewatering
• the squeeze results
• the membrane life and operating safety
The squeezing pressure rise is directly influenced by the dewatering rate.
Information
The conditions required in each case can only be determined empirically.
The maximum permissible squeezing pressure rise for the membrane filter
elements is shown in Graph 13 (page 63) and Graph 15 (page 64).
6.3.1 Possible connections for squeeze media

The squeeze medium can be fed through the individual external or through a collective
internal inflation system into the membrane filter elements. The individual external inflation
system is always advantageous, since leakage and contamination of the squeeze medium
are virtually eliminated.
Individual external inflation system
With the individual external inflation system, the membrane filter elements are supplied with
squeeze medium via flexible pressure-rated hoses from a manifold mounted alongside the
press.
The length of the hoses is such that the filter elements can be moved freely and tension-
free by the plate shifting system. The filter elements are equipped with either screw-type of
flange-type hose connections for this purpose.

Figure 6-3 Individual external inflation/squeezing system (individual connections for

squeeze medium)
Warning
Use only hoses and fittings with the corresponding pressure and temperature rating. The
materials used must be sufficiently resistant to chemical attack from splash water and
filtrate. Always check the individual external inflation system for damage and leaks
WARNING during operation. A sudden pressure loss in individual membrane filter elements may
cause their damage or even their complete destruction, and may also lead to preliminary
damage of adjacent filter elements.

Internal inflation system
Through the internal inflation/squeezing connection, the squeeze medium is introduced into
the entire plate pack.
The squeeze medium flows from this collective connection into the membrane filter
elements.
A seal is located between each of the filter elements. The seals are dimensioned so that
the thickness of the filter cloth is bridged. Please see the instructions for dimensioning the
filter cloth cut-outs in Section 5.1 "Installing the filter cloths".
Figure 6-4 Collective internal inflation/squeezing system (collective canal with internal
inflations ports)

6.3.2 Compressible squeeze media

Compressed gas (referred to as air in the following) can be used to squeeze the
membranes with an external or internal inflation system by observance of all safety
precautions.
Figure 6-5 Air squeezing system
Squeezing pressure limitation
The compressed air flows through a shut-off valve and then through an automatic pressure
controller/reducer into the manifold to limit the squeezing pressure. To safeguard the
compressed air against thermal expansion and possible malfunctions of the pressure
reducer, a safety valve must also be installed in the manifold line to limit the operating
pressure to the permissible maximum pressure.
Warning
Use only suitably approved components in the compressed air system. Your supplier
can provide you with DVGW, TÜV or other national or international certifications of the
required approvals.
WARNING

Squeezing pressure rise with compressible media
So that the squeezing pressure rises in accordance with the specified limit, a throttle plate
or throttle valve must be installed in the supply line.
Its sizing is determined by the dewatering rate of the product. If a throttle plate is installed,
begin with the smallest possible diameter and then adapt gradually during commissioning
while observing the permissible pressure rise.
The squeeze volume flow may be intermittent. The peak requirement is generally three to
ten times higher than the average value.
Example
Chamber volume = 2 m³
Chamber depth = 40 mm
Final cake thickness = 30 mm
Squeezing time = 25 min
Squeezing pressure = 10 bar
Peak requirement = factor 5 x average
Air requirement = approx. 10/40 ∗ 2 m³ ∗ 10 m³N/m³ = 5.0 m³N
Required flow rate = approx. 5.0 m³N/25 min ∗ 5 = 1.0 m³/min
Venting
The membrane filter elements must be continuously bled to the atmosphere (does not apply
during squeezing).
Following squeezing, the squeeze air must be completely reduced to the ambient air
pressure.
Therefore, a valve with an appropriately large cross section is connected to the manifold to
quickly release the squeeze air. For safety reasons, the valve must be open when de-
energised.
Warning
With the exception of the squeezing time, the vent valve must be continuously open. The
valve must be integrated in the safety chain of the filter press controller in such a way
that in the case of a power failure, pressure loss in the hydraulic system or other
WARNING potentially dangerous conditions during squeezing the squeeze air can be vented
immediately and the supply interrupted by the shut-off valve.
Observe the accident prevention regulations and the execution instructions for filter
presses from "BG-Chemie" or the national or international safety regulations applicable
for your company.

Warning
• Discharge the exhaust air via a muffler.
• Route the vent line outside the danger area for persons.
WARNING
- Check the operation of the venting system at regular intervals.
If the venting system is blocked, membrane venting is deficient. Considerable property
damage and injuries may result.
6.3.3 Non-compressible squeeze media

It is preferable to use water, antifreeze mixtures etc. in conjunction with individual squeeze
connections. The liquid can be used repeatedly.
To prevent contamination behind the membranes, the vessel must be adequately
protected.
- It is advantageous to install a suction filter upstream of the pump or between the
pressure source and the squeezing system.
Figure 6-6 Water squeezing system
Different versions of the squeeze system are possible:

• squeeze water from the service water system
• centrifugal pump with pressure limitation or pressure control
• pressure-controlled eccentric screw pump

Note
Do not use pressure sources or feeding pumps which cause pressure pulsation. Poor
dewatering results and possible membrane damage may occur.
Squeezing pressure limitation
The maximum permissible squeezing pressure must be limited on the manifold in

accordance with the pressure/temperature graph for membrane filter elements with a safety
valve (see Graphs 1-10 in the Appendix).
Pressure rise
Here as well, the pressure rise is measured and regulated in accordance with Graph 13
(page 63) and 15 (page 64) in the Appendix.
For volumetric feeding pumps, the pressure rise results from the maximum possible
dewatering rate or the filter cake and the pump size.
From an economical standpoint, the squeeze pump is to be dimensioned so that the

multiple average value of the squeeze volume flow is available at the start of the squeeze
phase.
Discharging squeeze medium
Following squeezing, the squeeze medium must be drained out of the membrane filter
elements. Depending on the individual conditions, the medium may either drain out of the
membranes by gravity or it can be pumped out.
• If filter elements with exchangeable membranes, e.g. R, RUD or RUM types, are used,
pump out the squeeze water.
- Only in this way can it be ensured that no water is left behind the membranes.
• For the one-piece welded membrane design, it is sufficient to allow the squeeze
medium to drain off by gravity. Small amounts which may remain behind the
membranes in the squeeze chamber are normally irrelevant.
Note
The squeeze water has drained off completely when a vacuum results in the manifold
and the flow rate in the drain line is zero.

Caution
• If a reservoir tank is provided for the squeeze water, ensure a sufficient geodetic
height difference.
- The water level must never be above the lower edge of the filter elements, as
CAUTION
additional water accidentally flowing into the membrane chambers will lead to
malfunctions.
- The geodetic height should not exceed the vapour pressure of the water, as
evaporation disturbs the pumping off of the squeeze water.
• The drain line must always be below the water level of the reservoir tank to prevent
air from entering the system and destroying the suction effect during draining.
• To prevent disturbances during filtration resulting from residual water in the filter
elements, open the drain valve during filtration.
6.4 Cake washing

Cake washing is an additional process step during separation. The original filtrate or mother
liquor is replaced with a washing medium.
Two different methods are used for cake washing decribed in the following (Chapter 6.4.1
and 6.4.2).
The required filtration or washing pressure is generally determined by the dewatering
characteristics of the suspension.
The maximum permissible pressure depends on:
• the permissible operating pressure of the press frame
• the permissible pressure and temperature stress of the membrane filter elements.
Read off the permissible filtration and washing pressure in Graph 11 or 12 (page 62).
• The pressure-temperature limits shown were determined in practice. However, please
note that in a few isolated cases upward or downward corrections are required.

6.4.1 Simple wash (Gap wash)

With the simple wash, following the suspension, wash
medium is pressed through the suspension canal into
the filter chambers.
An important point to pay attention to is that the filter
cakes have not yet grown together; i.e., a gap remains
in the centre of the chambers.
From the gap the wash medium then flows through the
filter cakes.
Make sure that the pressure remains constant during
the transition from filtration to cake washing. If the
pressure drops, the filter cakes can fall together. In this
event, a positive result cannot be achieved in cake
washing.
Figure 6-7
Gap-wash process
Note
The permissible washing pressure is dependent on the operating temperature and the
filter element design (see Graphs 11 and 12 in the Appendix of this Operating Manual,
Page 62).
6.4.2 Thorough wash

With thorough wash, the washing medium flows through
the wash plate (blue marking/three dots) on one side of
the filter chambers and is then pressed through the filter
cake within the entire chamber.
The washing filtrate is then collected in the pressure
plate (red marking/one dot) and discharged.
Fluid routing can also take place in the opposite
direction.
Optimum washing results are achieved if the
membranes are charged with squeezing pressure
during cake washing to stabilise the filter cakes. The
effect of the membranes is not given until the
membrane squeezing pressure is slightly higher than
the washing pressure.
e.g. Membrane squeeze = 4.3 bar
Wash water pressure = 4.0 bar
Figure 6-8
Standard cake wash

Note
• The thorough washing process encompasses a number of variations which,
however, cannot be covered here. Please contact LENSER.
• The permissible washing pressure is dependent on the operating temperature and
the filter element design (see Graphs 11 and 12, Page 62).
6.5 Cake drying

The filter cakes can be air-dried. For this purpose, compressed air flows through the filter
cakes as when washing the filter cakes (thorough washing). Filtrate is discharged from the
capillaries of the filter cake by the air. This procedure can be carried out before, during or
at the end of membrane squeezing.
The optimum method can only be determined through experimentation. Please contact
LENSER should you have any questions.
Caution
Discharge the resulting exhaust air in a suitable manner.
Route the vent line outside the danger area for persons.
CAUTION
Check the operation of the venting system at regular intervals. A blocked venting system
may lead to considerable property damage and serious injuries.
Warning
Filtration must be completed without interruption.
An alternating operating mode without cake release is not permitted within a filtration
cycle.
WARNING
6.6 Core blow

The slurry canal is often blown clear with air before opening the filter chambers.
The compressed air flows from the end plate in the direction of the head plate. The resulting
mixture of suspension and air is let off via conduits. The amount of air and duration of
blowing required depend on the specific conditions.
Factors which are decisive to the effectiveness of this process:
• diameter of the suspension canal
• length of the filter-press assembly
• viscosity of the suspension
• available air pressure
Note
It may be advantageous to flush the suspension canal with water before core blowing.
Always make sure that the membranes are still pressurised when cleaning the core.
Otherwise the suspension will enter the squeezed-out cake chamber.

6.7 Opening and unloading filter press

• Always make sure that the filter cake is completely removed from the filter chambers
and that clogged suspension canals are cleaned.
• Check the filter cloths for damage.
• The sealing edges must be free of filter cake residues.
• Filter cake residues and dirt deposits build-up over a longer period lead to deformation
of the sealing edges. Therefore, clean the sealing edges with a high-pressure cleaning
unit if necessary, to preserve the function of the sealing edges.
Danger
All operating pressures, i.e. the filtration, wash and squeeze pressure, must always be
reduced to ambient pressure before opening the filter press.
Do not depend on a single display, but instead also ensure, with corresponding safety
DANGER
equipment and logic circuits, that the filter press can be opened safely.
Otherwise property damage and injuries may result.
Warning
• Maintain a sufficient safety distance to the moving parts of the system.
• Do not reach into the plate conveyor or between the filter elements while they are in
motion.
WARNING
• Always observe and check the legal or other specified safety equipment.
• Observe the operating regulations of the filter press manufacturer.
Note
Observe the general safety precautions.

6.8 Automatic operation of the filter press

The actions described in Chapter 6.7 (Opening and unloading the filter press) also apply to
filter presses in automatic mode.
When using automatic mode, make sure that the filter cake is completely discharged.
Filter cake residue on the sealing edges or impurities accumulated over time necessarily
lead to deformation of the sealing edges.
Danger
• Filter cake residue or impurities on the sealing edges result in leakage between the
filter elements.
• Aggressive sludge flowing out between the filter elements under filtration pressure
DANGER
can cause serious health damage.
Monitoring operation
To achieve the longest possible service life of the membrane filter elements and maximum
operating safety, we recommend continuously monitoring the main process parameters
and operating events and documenting them with the operating recorder or in system
journals.
This is the only way to make sure that negative changes can be detected and rectified
immediately, particularly in periods of reduced supervision.

7 Malfunctions and their causes

The following is a list of possible malfunctions and their causes.
Information
The following list makes no claim to completeness.
Fault Cause
Unequal cake • Overfilling or underfilling of the chambers

thickness • Incorrect filtration pressure
• Improperly sized feeding pump
• Differential pressures between the chambers
• Poor venting of the chambers
• Squeeze medium cannot escape
• Clogged feeding canals
• Clogged filtrate drainage holes
• Filter cloth blocking filtrate drainage holes
• Partially blinded filter cloths
• Different cloth qualities
• Fluctuations in the suspension composition
• Extreme fluctuation of the solid particles content
• Changes in the solid particles composition
Poorly dewatered • Fault in the squeezing system

filter cakes • Squeezing pressure is too low
• Squeezing time is too short
• Cakes are too thick
• Squeezing pressure rise is too rapid
• Changed composition of the suspension
• Improper conditioning
Frequent filter cloth • Unsuitable cloth material

defects • Insufficient cloth strength
• Chemical attack
• Abrasion from solids in the filtrate
Leaking of individual • Dirty sealing edges

chambers • Filter cloth wrinkles in sealing edge
• Partially new filter cloths
• Damage to the sealing edge of the filter element or the
filter cloth
• Incorrect closing pressure of the press
• Geometrical defect in the filter press

Fault Cause
Leaking of all • Often occurs with new cloths

chambers • Poor sealing characteristic of the cloths
• Geometrical defect in the filter press
• Insufficient closing force
• Lack of pressure control by the hydraulic unit
• High counter-pressure in the filtrate discharge
Unequal cake • Unequal cake composition

washing results • Unequal cake thickness
• Incorrect membrane squeezing pressure
• Wash water short circuits
• Pressure fluctuations in the feeding area
• Unequal counter-pressures in the discharge canals
Bent filter elements • Differential pressures during filtration

• Temperature is too high
• Extreme temperature jumps during operation
• Chambers overfilled
Deformed sealing • Excessive closing force

edges • Closing force not equivalent to operating pressure/
temperature
• Temperature is too high
• Dirty sealing edges
• Insufficient support of head/tail (end) plate
• Insufficient, reciprocal support as a result of insufficient
lateral stability
Membrane • Poor cake build-up

overstretching/ • Temperature is too high or too low
cracking • Squeezing pressure rise is too rapid
• Chemical attack by suspension, washing or squeeze
medium
• Incorrect choice of materials
• Incorrect choice of membrane type

8 Service and Maintenance

General information on service and maintenance
LENSER filter elements must be checked for contamination at regular intervals, including
under the filter cloth.
Clean the filter elements with a commercially available high-pressure cleaning unit or filter
cloth washing devices.
Please make sure that the high-pressure water jet is not directed at one spot for an
extended time in order to avoid washing out the filtering surface.
Danger
Wear protective clothing when cleaning the filter cloths and filter elements:
DANGER
• gloves
• breathing protection
• protective clothing
Ask your safety representative for further information.
Improper working methods may cause injuries.
Cleaning and maintenance work
Component Cleaning work

Sealing edges Always clean dirty sealing edges.
- As a result of dirt deposits, the filter elements may be deformed and
permanently damaged, which may result in leakage of the
chambers.
Filter elements Filter elements can be cleaned chemically or sterilised.

- However, the resistance of the materials to the selected cleaning
agent must be ensured.
- When sterilising the filter elements with steam, the following table
must be observed.
material max. temperature max. reaction time

PP + TPE 120 °C 20 min
EPDM/NBR 120 °C 20 min
PVDF 135 °C 30 min
Handle for Handles for automatic or manual plate shifting are to be checked at
automatic or regular intervals for wear of the sliding surfaces.
manual plate If, due to wear of the sliding surfaces, the filter elements no longer
shifting hang in the centre of the filter press frame, the worn pieces or the
entire handles must be replaced.

The following maintenance work is required for exchangeable membrane filter element
types:
• Seals are wearing parts. Depending on their conditions of use, they must therefore be
checked at regular intervals, especially if leakage occurs.
Contamination must be removed during this inspection, and the seals may need to be
replaced.
• Screw connections can become loose. The tightening torque of the screws should be
checked regularly as part of general maintenance work and corrected as necessary in
order to avoid leakage.
• For the different types of membrane filter elements with exchangeable membranes, the
respective assembly manual can be obtained from LENSER.
• Check that all the functions of the filtering system are in order at regular intervals. You
must pay particular attention to checking those functions which indirectly ensure
operational reliability.
Consult the operating specifications of the filter press manufacturer for additional
information.
Monitoring operation
To achieve the longest possible service life of the filter elements and maximum operating
safety, we recommend continuously monitoring the main process parameters and
operating events and documenting them with the operating recorder or in system journals.
This is the only way to make sure that negative changes can be detected and rectified
immediately, particularly in periods of reduced supervision.

Appendix
A.1 LENSER Standard Product Line

A.1.1 Type key
Description
KMZ _ 1200 _ bloc _ KD40 _ N4
Number of staybosses
Cake thickness
Type
Dimension
Product group + position of the feed port
Product group
KM Membrane filter element
Possible feeding positions:

Z Centre feed port
E Corner feed port
U Feed port off-centre (top or bottom)
A External feed port
Dimension
Square filter elements:size in mm e.g. 1200
Rectangular filter elements:size in mm e.g. 1300x1900
Design
bloc: Standard membrane filter element, welded as one part
UM bloc: Universal membrane filter element, welded as one part
UM HD bloc: Universal high-pressure membrane filter element, welded as one part
R: Standard membrane filter element, multi-part, membranes are
exchangeable
RUM: Universal membrane filter element, multi-part, membranes are
exchangeable
RUD: Universal membrane filter element, multi-part, membranes are
exchangeable
Cake thickness (chamber depth)
Cake thickness shown in mm, e.g. KD50
Number of staybosses
Number of staybosses, e.g. N14

Material designation
PPC / PPH
TPE / PPH
Material for body element

Material for membranes
Material
PP Homopolymer polypropylene, grey
PPn Homopolymer polypropylene, natural
PPC Copolymer polypropylene, grey
PPCn Copolymer polypropylene, natural
PP-EL Polypropylene, electrically conductive
PPCu Copper-stabilised polypropylene (resistant to Cu, Co, Mn), grey
PPCCu Copper-stabilised copolymer polypropylene (resistant to Cu, Co, Mn), grey
PVDF Polyvinylidenefluoride, natural
TPE Thermoplastic elastomer
NBR Nitrite-butadiene-rubber
EPDM Ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber
FKM Fluorocaoutchouc

A.2 Conversion Tables
A.2.1 Mechanical tensions
kg/cm² kp/mm² N/mm² Pa

kg/cm² 1 0.01 0.0981 98,100
kp/mm² 100 1 9.81 9,810,000
N/mm² 10.2 0.102 1 1,000,000
1Pa = 1 N/m² 0.102*10-4 0.102*10 -6
10 -6
1
A.2.2 Pressure conversion
Example: Physical lb/inch² bar N/m² cm H2O Torr cm Hg

1 bar = 14.504 psi atm (psi) ISO (+4 °C) (0 °C)
Physical atmosphere 1 14.696 1.0133 101.3*10-3 1,033.2 760 76.0
atm
lb/inch² 0.068 1 0.0689 6,894.8 70.309 51.715 5.172
bar 0.987 14.504 1 10-5 1019.7 750.06 75.0
-6 -5 -3 -3
N/m² = Pascal 145*10 10 1 10.2*10 7.50*10 0.75*10-3
cm H2O (+4 °C) 9.87*10-6 0.98*10-3 98.064 1 0.7355 73.6*10-3
Torr 1.32*10-3 19.3*10-3 1.33*10-3 133.32 1.3595 1 0.1
cm Hg (0 °C) 13.2*10-3 0.193 13.3*10-3 1333.2 13.595 10 1
A.2.3 Energy, work, heat quantity
Unit kp m kcal PS h J kJ kWh

1 kp m 1 0.00234 3.7*10-6 9.81 0.00981 2.72*10-6
1 kcal 427 1 0.00158 4186.8 4.1868 0.001163
3
1 bhp h 270,000 632 1 2650*10 2,650 0.736
1 J = 1 Nm = 1 Ws 0.102 2.39*10-4 3.777*10 -7
1 0.001 2.78*10-7
1 kJ 102 0.239 3.777*10-4 1000 1 2.78*10-4
1 kWh 367,000 860 1.36 3,600*103 3,600 1
A.2.4 Energy flow, power, heat flow
Unit kcal/h kp m/s PS W kW

1 kcal/h 1 0.119 0.00158 1.16 0.001163
1 kp m/s 8.43 1 0.0133 9.81 0.00981
1 bhp 632 75 1 736 0.736
1 W = 1 Nm = 1 J/s 0.860 0.102 0.00136 1 0.001
1 kW 860 102 1.36 1,000 1

A.2.5 Pressure conversion table
psi bar psi bar psi bar psi bar psi bar psi bar
1 0.069 41 2.83 81 5.58 205 14.13 510 35.18 910 62.76
2 0.138 42 2.90 82 5.65 210 14.48 520 35.87 920 63.45
3 0.207 43 2.96 83 5.72 215 14.82 530 36.56 930 64.13
4 0.276 44 3.03 84 5.79 220 15.17 540 37.25 940 64.82
5 0.345 45 3.10 85 5.86 225 15.51 550 37.94 950 65.51
6 0.414 46 3.17 86 5.93 230 15.86 560 38.63 960 66.20
7 0.483 47 3.24 87 6.00 235 16.20 570 39.32 970 66.89
8 0.552 48 3.31 88 6.07 240 16.55 580 40.01 980 67.58
9 0.621 49 3.38 89 6.14 245 16.89 590 40.70 990 68.27
10 0.690 50 3.45 90 6.21 250 17.24 600 41.39 1000 68.96
11 0.759 51 3.52 91 6.27 255 17.58 610 42.08 1010 69.65
12 0.827 52 3.59 92 6.34 260 17.93 620 42.77 1020 70.34
13 0.896 53 3.65 93 6.41 265 18.27 630 43.46 1030 71.03
14 0.965 54 3.72 94 6.48 270 18.62 640 44.15 1040 71.72
15 1.03 55 3.79 95 6.55 275 18.96 650 44.84 1050 72.41
16 1.10 56 3.86 96 6.62 280 19.31 660 45.53 1060 73.10
17 1.17 57 3.93 97 6.69 285 19.65 670 46.22 1070 73.79
18 1.24 58 4.00 98 6.76 290 20.00 680 46.91 1080 74.48
19 1.31 59 4.07 99 6.83 295 20.34 690 47.60 1090 75.17
20 1.38 60 4.14 100 6.89 300 20.69 700 48.29 1100 75.86
21 1.45 61 4.21 105 7.24 310 21.38 710 48.98 1120 77.24
22 1.52 62 4.27 110 7.58 320 22.07 720 49.67 1140 78.62
23 1.59 63 4.34 115 7.93 330 22.76 730 50.35 1160 80.00
24 1.65 64 4.41 120 8.27 340 23.45 740 51.04 1180 81.37
25 1.72 65 4.48 125 8.62 350 24.14 750 51.73 1200 82.74
26 1.79 66 4.55 130 8.96 360 24.83 760 52.42 1220 84.12
27 1.86 67 4.62 135 9.31 370 25.52 770 53.11 1240 85.50
28 1.93 68 4.69 140 9.65 380 26.21 780 53.80 1260 86.88
29 2.00 69 4.76 145 10.00 390 26.90 790 54.49 1280 88.26
30 2.07 70 4.83 150 10.34 400 27.59 800 55.18 1300 89.64
31 2.14 71 4.90 155 10.68 410 28.28 810 55.87 1320 91.02
32 2.21 72 4.96 160 11.03 420 28.97 820 56.56 1340 92.40
33 2.28 73 5.03 165 11.37 430 29.66 830 57.25 1360 93.78
34 2.34 74 5.10 170 11.72 440 30.35 840 57.93 1380 95.16
35 2.41 75 5.17 175 12.06 450 31.04 850 58.62 1400 96.54
36 2.48 76 5.24 180 12.41 460 31.73 860 59.31 1420 97.92
37 2.55 77 5.31 185 12.75 470 32.42 870 60.00 1440 99.30
38 2.62 78 5.38 190 13.10 480 33.11 880 60.69 1460 100.67
39 2.69 79 5.45 195 13.44 490 33.80 890 61.38 1480 102.05
40 2.76 80 5.52 200 13.79 500 34.49 900 62.07 1500 103.43
A.2.6 DIN standards

DIN 1304 Common symbols for formulae
DIN 1301 Units of measurement
DIN 7129 Principal dimensions and tolerances for filter elements
DIN 16901 Tolerances for measurements of plastic molded parts

A.3 Graphs
Information
The following graphs (1 to 10) illustrate how to determine the closing force for 16 bar
standard membrane filter elements. The permissible, temperature-dependent operating
pressure is generally based on the squeezing pressure of the membranes. Only in
exceptional cases is the filtration pressure higher than the membrane squeezing
pressure.
The permissible pressures for filtration and washing the filter cakes can be found in
Graph 11 and 12.
The permissible squeezing pressure rise is shown in Graph 13 and 15.
Graphs 14 and 16 are used to determine the permissible squeezing pressure.
Temperature: T (°C)
Operating pressure: p (bar)
Diagram 1 Closing force for membrane filter elements size 470

Operating temperature: T (°C)







1
2
4
Diagram 5 Closing force for membrane filter elements size 1200, with
reading example from Chapter 6.1.1 (page 23)








Diagram 9 Closing force for membrane filter elements size 1500 x 2000



Filtration and washing pressure

for membrane filter elements with PP web
PPC PP
8
110
(bar)
(psi)
7 100
90
6
80
5 70
60
4
50
3 40
2 30
20
1
10
0 0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 (°C)
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 (°F)
with stayboss
without stayboss
Diagram 11 Filtration and washing pressure for membrane filter elements with PP body
Filtration and washing pressure

for membrane filter elements made of PVDF
(bar)
(psi)
140
10
9 120
8
100
7
6 80
5
60
4
3 40
2
20
1
0 0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 (°C)
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 (°F)
with stayboss
without stayboss
Diagram 12 Filtration and washing pressure for membrane filter elements made from PDVF
62 Operating Manual Status: 12/2002

Squeezing pressure rise for standard

membrane filter elements
(bar / min)
(psi /mi )
5,5 77,76
5,0 70,69
4,5 63,62
4,0 56,55
3,5 49,48
3,0 42,41
2,5 35,34
2,0 28,28
1,5 21,21
1,0 14,14
0,5 7,07
0 0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 (°C)
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 (°F)
PP membrane TPE/EPDM/NBR membrane PVDF membranes
Diagram 13 Squeezing pressure rise for standard membrane filter elements
Squeezing pressure for standard

membrane filter elements
16 226,24
(bar)
(psi)
14 197,96
12 169,68
10 141,4
8 113,12
6 84,84
4 56,55
2 228,28
0 0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 (°C)
25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 (°F)
PP membrane TPE/EPDM/NBR membrane PVDF membranes
Diagram 14 Squeezing pressure for standard membrane filter elements
Status: 12/2002 Operating Manual 63

Squeezing pressure rise

for high-pressure membrane filter elements
(bar /min)
5,0
4,0
3,0
2,0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 (°C)
25 bar/30 bar design
Diagram 15 Squeezing pressure rise for high-pressure membrane filter elements
Squeezing pressure
for high-pressure membrane filter elements
30
25
(bar)
20
15
10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 (°C)
30 bar design
25 bar design
Diagram 16 Squeezing pressure for high-pressure membrane filter elements
64 Operating Manual Status: 12/2002

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Operating Manual

Membrane Filter Elements

LENSER Filtration GmbH + Co.

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Publisher responsible for the contents: LENSER Filtration GmbH + Co.

LENSER Filtration GmbH+Co. +(49) 73 07 - 8 01 - 0 +(49) 73 07 - 3 32 75

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Status: 06/2001/01 Operating Manual i

Press packs from combinations of membrane and recessed filter elements

A.1 LENSER Standard Product Line .............................................. 48

A.2 Conversion Tables .................................................................... 50

ii Operating Manual Status: 06/2001/01

Obligations of the operator

Safety-conscious work habits of the personnel will be checked at regular intervals.

Obligations of the personnel

Hazards when using the membrane filter elements

Status: 06/2001/01 Operating Manual 1

Warranty and liability

2 Operating Manual Status: 06/2001/01

Status: 06/2001/01 Operating Manual 3

2.1 Organisational measures

2.2 Safety equipment

2.3 Informal safety measures

2.4 Training of personnel

2.5 Particularly dangerous points

Danger resulting from improper use

4 Operating Manual Status: 06/2001/01

Danger from substances

• Through contact with or inhaling of:

Danger from careless use of personal protective equipment

• Check your personal protective equipment at regular intervals.

Dangers from improper assembly, mechanical dangers

• Observe the safety precautions of the filter press manufacturer.

Status: 06/2001/01 Operating Manual 5

2.6 Maintenance and service, troubleshooting

2.7 Structural modifications to the membrane filter elements

2.8 Cleaning the system and disposal

6 Operating Manual Status: 06/2001/01

3 Shipping and Storage

3.2 Storing the membrane filter elements

Status: 06/2001/01 Operating Manual 7

4.1 Checking and inspecting the membrane filter elements

4.2 Membrane filter elements in detail

1 Centre feed port 7 3-way spigot

8 Operating Manual Status: 06/2001/01

Filtrate drainage area Filtrate drainage area of

Caulked and Centre feed design

Stayboss Corner feed design

Figure 4-1 Details of membrane filter elements

Status: 06/2001/01 Operating Manual 9

10 Operating Manual Status: 06/2001/01

5 Assembly and Commissioning

Selecting the filter cloths

A wide range of prefabricated filter cloths can be used:

• overhanging cloths with cloth grommets