20th-Century Classical Music - Wikipedia PDF
20th-Century Classical Music - Wikipedia PDF
20th-Century Classical Music - Wikipedia PDF
classical music
Styles
Romantic style E…
Neoclassicism E…
Neoclassicism was a style cultivated
between the two world wars, which sought
to revive the balanced forms and clearly
perceptible thematic processes of the
17th and 18th centuries, in a repudiation of
what were seen as exaggerated gestures
and formlessness of late Romanticism.
Because these composers generally
replaced the functional tonality of their
models with extended tonality, modality, or
atonality, the term is often taken to imply
parody or distortion of the Baroque or
Classical style (Whittall 2001). Famous
examples include Prokofiev's Classical
Symphony and Stravinsky's Pulcinella,
Symphony of Psalms, and Concerto in E-
flat "Dumbarton Oaks". Paul Hindemith
(Symphony: Mathis der Maler), Darius
Milhaud, Francis Poulenc (Concert
champêtre), and Manuel de Falla (El
retablo de maese Pedro, Harpsichord
Concerto) also used this style. Maurice
Ravel's Le tombeau de Couperin is often
seen as neo-baroque (an architectural
term), though the distinction between the
terms is not always made.
Jazz-influenced classical
composition
E…
Malcolm Arnold
Leonard Bernstein
Marc Blitzstein
Aaron Copland
George Gershwin
Constant Lambert
Darius Milhaud
Maurice Ravel
Gunther Schuller (Third Stream)
John Serry Sr.
Dmitri Shostakovich
Karlheinz Stockhausen
Igor Stravinsky
Movements
Impressionism E…
Claude Debussy (1908)
Modernism E…
Futurism E…
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
Expressionism E…
Postmodern music E…
Postmodernism is a reaction to
modernism, but it can also be viewed as a
response to a deep-seated shift in societal
attitude. According to this latter view,
postmodernism began when historic (as
opposed to personal) optimism turned to
pessimism, at the latest by 1930 (Meyer
1994, 331).
Minimalism E…
Electronic music
Edgard Varèse, one of the pioneers of electronic
music
Samuel Adler
Béla Bartók
Havergal Brian
Carlos Chávez
Edward Elgar
George Enescu
Gabriel Fauré
Morton Feldman
Alberto Ginastera
Henryk Górecki
Sofia Gubaidulina
Alan Hovhaness
György Ligeti
Witold Lutosławski
Bruno Maderna
Bohuslav Martinů
Carl Nielsen
Krzysztof Penderecki
Francis Poulenc
Giacomo Puccini
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Alfred Schnittke
Patric Standford
Michael Tippett
Joan Tower
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Heitor Villa-Lobos
William Walton
Judith Weir
Mikis Theodorakis
See also
Contemporary classical music
References
Burkholder, J. Peter. 2001. "Ives, Charles
(Edward)." The New Grove Dictionary of
Music and Musicians, second edition,
edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell.
London: Macmillan Publishers.
Cage, John. 1961. Silence: Lectures and
Writings. Middletown, Connecticut:
Wesleyan University Press. Unaltered
reprints: Weslyan University press, 1966
(pbk), 1967 (cloth), 1973 (pbk ["First
Wesleyan paperback edition"], 1975
(unknown binding); Cambridge, Mass:
MIT Press, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970,
1971; London: Calder & Boyars, 1968,
1971, 1973 ISBN 0-7145-0526-9 (cloth)
ISBN 0-7145-1043-2 (pbk). London:
Marion Boyars, 1986, 1999 ISBN 0-7145-
1043-2 (pbk); [n.p.]: Reprint Services
Corporation, 1988 (cloth) ISBN 99911-
780-1-5 [In particular the essays
"Experimental Music", pp. 7–12, and
"Experimental Music: Doctrine", pp. 13–
17.]
Dack, John. 2002. "Technology and the
Instrument ". In musik netz werke—
Konturen der neuen Musikkultur, edited
by Lydia Grün and Frank Wiegand, 39–
54. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag. ISBN 3-
933127-98-X.
Dennis, Flora, and Jonathan Powell.
2001. "Futurism". The New Grove
Dictionary of Music and Musicians,
second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie
and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan
Publishers.
Dufourt, Hugues. 1981. "Musique
spectrale: pour une pratique des formes
de l'énergie". Bicéphale, no. 3:85–89.
Dufourt, Hugues. 1991. Musique,
pouvoir, écriture. Collection
Musique/Passé/Présent. Paris:
Christian Bourgois. ISBN 2-267-01023-2.
Emmerson, Simon, and Denis Smalley.
2001. "Electro-Acoustic Music". The
New Grove Dictionary of Music and
Musicians, second edition, edited by
Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London:
Macmillan Publishers.
Evans, Peter. 1979. The Music of
Benjamin Britten. London: Dent.
Fanning, David. 2001. "Expressionism".
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and
Musicians, second edition, edited by
Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London:
Macmillan Publishers.
Fauser, Annegret. 2005. Musical
Encounters at the 1889 Paris World's
Fair. Eastman Studies in Music 32.
Rochester: University of Rochester
Press. ISBN 978-1-58046-185-6.
Heyman, Barbara B. 2001. "Barber,
Samuel." The New Grove Dictionary of
Music and Musicians, second edition,
edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell.
London: Macmillan Publishers.
McBurney, Gerard. 2004. "Fried Chicken
in the Bird-Cherry Trees". In
Shostakovich and His World, edited by
Laurel E. Fay, 227–73. Bard Music
Festival. Princeton: Princeton University
Press. ISBN 0-691-12068-4; ISBN 0-691-
12069-2.
Machlis, Joseph. 1979. Introduction to
Contemporary Music, second edition.
New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-
09026-4.
Mauceri, Frank X. 1997. "From
Experimental Music to Musical
Experiment". Perspectives of New Music
35, no. 1 (Winter): 187–204.
Meyer, Leonard B. 1994. Music, the Arts,
and Ideas, second edition, with a new
postlude. Chicago and London: The
University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-
52143-5.
Morgan, Robert P. 1984. "Secret
Languages: The Roots of Musical
Modernism". Critical Inquiry 10, no. 3
(March): 442–61.
Neighbour, O. W. 2001. "Schoenberg,
Arnold". The New Grove Dictionary of
Music and Musicians, second edition,
edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell,
22:577–604. London: Macmillan
Publishers.
Nyman, Michael. 1999. Experimental
Music: Cage and Beyond, second
edition. Music in the Twentieth Century.
Cambridge and New York: Cambridge
University Press. ISBN 0-521-65383-5.
Pasler, Jann. 2001a. "Impressionism".
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and
Musicians, second edition, edited by
Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London:
Macmillan Publishers; New York: Grove's
Dictionaries of Music.
Pasler, Jann. 2001b. "Neo-romantic".
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and
Musicians, second edition, edited by
Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London:
Macmillan Publishers.
Politoske, Daniel T., and Werner Martin.
1988. Music, fourth edition. Prentice
Hall. ISBN 0-13-607616-5.
Ross, Alex. 2008. The Rest is Noise.
London: Fourth Estate. ISBN 978-1-
84115-475-6; New York: Picador Press.
ISBN 978-0-312-42771-9.
Russolo, Luigi. 1913. L'arte dei rumori:
manifesto futurista. Manifesti del
movimento futurista 14. Milano:
Direzione del movimento futurista.
English version as The Art of Noise:
Futurist Manifesto 1913, translated by
Robert Filliou. A Great Bear Pamphlet
18. New York: Something Else Press,
1967. Second English version as The Art
of Noises, translated from the Italian
with an introduction by Barclay Brown.
Monographs in Musicology no. 6. New
York: Pendragon Press, 1986. ISBN 0-
918728-57-6.
Salzman, Eric. 1988. Twentieth-Century
Music: An Introduction, third edition.
Prentice-Hall History of Music Series.
Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
ISBN 0-13-935057-8.
Schoenberg, Arnold. 1975. Style and
Idea, edited by Leonard Stein with
translations by Leo Black. Berkeley and
Los Angeles: University of California
Press. ISBN 0-520-05294-3.
Schwartz, Elliott, and Daniel Godfrey.
1993. Music Since 1945: Issues,
Materials and Literature. New York:
Schirmer Books; Toronto: Maxwell
Macmillan Canada; New York: Maxwell
Macmillan International. ISBN 0-02-
873040-2.
Thomson, Virgil. 2002. Virgil Thomson:
A Reader: Selected Writings, 1924–
1984, edited by Richard Kostelanetz.
New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-
93795-7.
Watanabe, Ruth T., and James Perone.
2001. "Hanson, Howard." The New Grove
Dictionary of Music and Musicians,
second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie
and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan
Publishers.
Whittall, Arnold. 2001. "Neo-classicism",
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and
Musicians, second edition, edited by
Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London:
Macmillan Publishers.
Williams, Alastair. 2002. "Cage and
Postmodernism". The Cambridge
Companion to John Cage, edited by
David Nicholls, 227–41. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-
521-78348-8 (cloth); ISBN 0-521-78968-
0 (pbk).
Wright, Simon. 1992. "Villa-Lobos,
Heitor". The New Grove Dictionary of
Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley
Sadie and John Tyrrell. London:
Macmillan Publishers.
Further reading
Ashby, Arved Mark (ed.). 2004. The
Pleasure of Modernist Music: Listening,
Meaning, Intention, Ideology. Eastman
Studies in Music. Rochester: University
of Rochester Press. ISBN 978-1-58046-
143-6.
Crawford, John C., and Dorothy L.
Crawford. 1993. Expressionism in
Twentieth-Century Music. Bloomington:
Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-
31473-9
Grun, Constantin. 2006. Arnold
Schönberg und Richard Wagner: Spuren
einer aussergewöhnlichen Beziehung, 2
volumes. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck &
Ruprecht Unipress. ISBN 3-89971-266-8
(volume 1), ISBN 3-89971-267-6 (volume
2)
Lee, Douglas. 2002. Masterworks of
20th-Century Music: The Modern
Repertory of the Symphony Orchestra.
New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-
93847-3, ISBN 978-0-415-93847-1
Roberts, Paul. 2008. Claude Debussy.
20th-Century Composers. London and
New York: Phaidon Press. ISBN 0-7148-
3512-9, ISBN 978-0-7148-3512-9
Salzman, Eric. 2002. Twentieth-Century
Music: An Introduction, 4th edition.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
ISBN 0-13-095941-3
Simms, Bryan R. 1996. Music of the
Twentieth Century: Style and Structure,
2nd edition. New York: Schirmer Books;
London: Prentice Hall International.
ISBN 0-02-872392-9
Teachout, Terry. 1999. "Masterpieces of
the Century: A Finale-20th Century
Classical Music". Commentary 107, no.
6 (June): 55.
External links
Fluid Radio , Experimental Frequencies
The Avant Garde Project , free
downloads of out of print avant garde
music
Ircam Paris (in French)
MICROCOSMS: A Simplified Approach to
Musical Styles of the Twentieth Century
by Phillip Magnuson
Dolmetsch.com: music history online:
music of the 20th century by Dr. Brian
Blood
Art of the States
Recordings of classes on 20th-Century
Music given by a Dallapiccola pupil
Contemporary Music from Germany
The Genetic Memory Show (avant-
garde/experimental music on Rice
University radio)
temp’óra – international network
dedicated to the promotion of
contemporary music. Data bases with
thousands of links all over the world.
Culture is Fun! Exploring Classical
Music
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