Lear

ningSt
ylesQuest
ionnai
re

Name:
Arai
shaS.Put
ri

Thisquest i
onnaireisdesignedtofindoutyourpr efer
redlear
ningst yl
e(s)
.Ov erthey earsyouhave
probablydev el
opedl ear
ning"habi
ts"thathelpyoubenef i
tmor efrom someex periencesthanfrom
others.Sinceyouar eprobablyunawar eofthis,
thisquesti
onnairewi l
lhel
py oupi npointyourl
earni
ng
preferencessot hatyouar ei
nabet terposi
tiontoselectl
earningex peri
encest hatsuityourst
yleand
havingagr eaterunderstandi
ngoft hosethatsuitthestyl
eofot hers.

Thi
sisani
nter
nat
ional
l
ypr
ovent
ool
desi
gnedbyPet
erHoneyandAl
anMumf
ord.

Ther
eisnoti
mel i
mitt
othi
squesti
onnai
re.I
twil
lprobabl
ytakeyou10-
15mi nut
es.Theaccur
acyof
ther
esul
tsdependsonhowhonestyoucanbe.Therearenori
ghtorwronganswers.
I
fyouagr
eemor
ethany
oudi
sagr
eewi
thast
atementputat
ickbyi
t.
I
fyoudi
sagr
eemor
ethany
ouagr
eeputacr
ossbyi
t.
Besur
etomar
keachi
tem wi
thei
therat
ickorcr
oss.

 1.Ihav
est
rongbel
i
efsaboutwhati
sri
ghtandwr
ong,
goodandbad.

 2.Iof
tenactwi
thoutconsi
der
ingt
hepossi
bleconsequences

 3.It
endt
osol
vepr
obl
emsusi
ngast
ep-
by-
stepappr
oach

 4.Ibel
i
evet
hatf
ormal
procedur
esandpol
i
ciesr
est
ri
ctpeopl
e

 5.Ihav
ear
eput
ati
onf
orsay
ingwhatIt
hink,
simpl
yanddi
rect
ly

 6.Ioftenfi
ndthatacti
onsbasedonf
eel
i
ngsar
eassoundast
hosebasedoncar
eful
thoughtandanalysi
s
 7.Il
i
ket
hesor
tofwor
kwher
eIhav
eti
mef
ort
hor
oughpr
epar
ati
onandi
mpl
ement
ati
on

 8.Ir
egul
arl
yquest
ionpeopl
eaboutt
hei
rbasi
cassumpt
ions

 9.Whatmat
ter
smosti
swhet
hersomet
hingwor
ksi
npr
act
ice

 10.Iact
ivel
yseekoutnewex
per
iences

 11.WhenIhearaboutanewi
deaorappr
oachIi
mmedi
atel
yst
artwor
kingouthowt
o
appl
yiti
npract
ice
 12.Iam keenonselfdi
sci
pli
nesuchaswat
chi
ngmydi
et,
taki
ngr
egul
arex
erci
se,
sti
cki
ng
toafix
edrout
ine,et
c.
 13.It
akepr
idei
ndoi
ngat
hor
oughj
ob

 14.Igetonbestwi
thl
ogi
cal
,anal
yti
cal
peopl
eandl
esswel
lwi
thspont
aneous,
"i
rr
ati
onal
"

 15.Itakecareovert
hei
nter
pret
ati
onofdat
aav
ail
abl
etomeandav
oidj
umpi
ngt
o
conclusi
ons
 16.Il
i
ket
oreachadeci
si
oncar
eful
l
yaf
terwei
ghi
ngupmanyal
ter
nat
ives

 17.I
'
m at
tr
act
edmor
etonov
el,
unusual
ideast
hant
opr
act
ical
ones

 18.Idon'
tl
ikedi
sor
gani
sedt
hingsandpr
efert
ofi
tthi
ngsi
ntoacoher
entpat
ter
n
1
 19.Iacceptandst
ickt
olai
ddownprocedur
esandpol
i
ciessol
ongasIr
egar
dthem asan
eff
ici
entwayofget
ti
ngthej
obdone
 20.Il
i
ket
orel
atemyact
ionst
oagener
alpr
inci
ple

 21.I
ndi
scussi
onsIl
i
ket
ogetst
rai
ghtt
othepoi
nt

 22.1t
endt
ohav
edi
stant
,rat
herf
ormal
rel
ati
onshi
pswi
thpeopl
eatwor
k

 23.It
hri
veont
hechal
l
engeoft
ack
li
ngsomet
hingnewanddi
ff
erent

 24.Ienj
oyf
un-
l
ovi
ng,
spont
aneouspeopl
e

 25.Ipaymet
icul
ousat
tent
iont
odet
ail
bef
orecomi
ngt
oaconcl
usi
on

 26.If
indi
tdi
ff
icul
ttopr
oducei
deasoni
mpul
se

 27.Ibel
i
evei
ncomi
ngt
othepoi
nti
mmedi
atel
y

 28.Iam car
eful
nott
ojumpt
oconcl
usi
onst
ooqui
ckl
y

 29.Ipref
ert
ohaveasmanyr
esour
cesofi
nfor
mat
ionaspossi
bl
e-t
hemor
edat
atot
hink
ov
erthebet
ter
 30.Fl
i
ppantpeopl
ewhodon'
ttak
ethi
ngsser
iousl
yenoughusual
l
yir
ri
tat
eme

 31.Il
i
stent
oot
herpeopl
e'
spoi
ntsofv
iewbef
oreput
ti
ngmyownf
orwar
d

 32.It
endt
obeopenabouthowI
'
mfeel
i
ng

 33.I
ndi
scussi
onsIenj
oywat
chi
ngt
hemanoeuv
ringsoft
heot
herpar
ti
ci
pant
s

 34.Ipr
efertorespondt
oev
ent
sonaspont
aneous,
fl
exi
bl
ebasi
srat
hert
hanpl
ant
hingsout
i
nadv ance
 35.Itendtobeatt
ractedtot
echni
quessuchasnet
wor
kanal
ysi
s,f
lowchar
ts,
branchi
ng
pr
ograms,cont
ingencypl
anni
ng,et
c.
 36.I
twor
ri
esmei
fIhav
etor
ushoutapi
eceofwor
ktomeetat
ightdeadl
i
ne

 37.It
endt
ojudgepeopl
e'
sideasont
hei
rpr
act
ical
mer
it
s

 38.Qui
et,
thought
ful
peopl
etendt
omak
emef
eel
uneasy

 39.Iof
tengeti
rr
it
atedbypeopl
ewhowantt
orusht
hings

 40.I
tismor
eimpor
tantt
oenj
oyt
hepr
esentmomentt
hant
othi
nkaboutt
hepastorf
utur
e

 41.Ithi
nkthatdeci
si
onsbasedonat
hor
oughanal
ysi
sofal
lthei
nfor
mat
ionar
esounder
t
hanthosebasedonint
uit
ion
 42.It
endt
obeaper
fect
ioni
st

 43.I
ndi
scussi
onsIusual
l
ypr
oducel
otsofspont
aneousi
deas

 44.I
nmeet
ingsIputf
orwar
dpr
act
ical
real
i
sti
cideas

 45.Mor
eof
tent
hannot
,rul
esar
ether
etobebr
oken

 46.Ipr
efert
ost
andbackf
rom asi
tuat
ion

 47.Icanof
tenseei
nconsi
stenci
esandweak
nessesi
not
herpeopl
e'
sar
gument
s

 48.Onbal
anceIt
alkmor
ethanIl
i
sten

 49.Icanof
tenseebet
ter
,mor
epr
act
ical
way
stogett
hingsdone

 50.It
hinkwr
it
tenr
epor
tsshoul
dbeshor
tandt
othepoi
nt

2
 51.Ibel
i
evet
hatr
ati
onal
,l
ogi
cal
thi
nki
ngshoul
dwi
ntheday

 52.
Itendt
odi
scussspeci
fi
cthi
ngswi
thpeopl
erat
hert
hanengagi
ngi
nsoci
aldi
scussi
on

 53.Il
i
kepeopl
ewhoappr
oacht
hingsr
eal
i
sti
cal
l
yrat
hert
hant
heor
eti
cal
l
y

 54.
Indi
scussi
onsIgeti
mpat
ientwi
thi
rr
elev
anci
esanddi
gressi
ons

 55.I
fIhavear
epor
ttowr
it
eIt
endt
opr
oducel
otsofdr
aft
sbef
oreset
tl
ingont
hef
inal
v
ersi
on
 56.1am k
eent
otr
ythi
ngsoutt
oseei
ftheywor
kinpr
act
ice

 57.Iam k
eent
oreachanswer
svi
aal
ogi
cal
appr
oach

 58.Ienj
oybei
ngt
heonet
hatt
alk
sal
ot

 59.IndiscussionsIof
tenf
indIam t
her
eal
i
st,
keepi
ngpeopl
etot
hepoi
ntandav
oidi
ngwi
l
d
speculat
ions
 60.Il
i
ket
opondermanyal
ter
nat
iv
esbef
oremak
ingupmymi
nd

 61.I
ndi
scussi
onswi
thpeopl
eIof
tenf
indIam t
hemostdi
spassi
onat
eandobj
ect
iv
e

 62.I
ndiscussi
onsI
'
m mor
eli
kel
ytoadopta"
lowpr
ofi
l
e"t
hant
otak
ethel
eadanddomost
oft
hetalki
ng
 63.
Ili
ket
obeabl
etor
elat
ecur
rentact
ionst
oal
ongert
erm bi
ggerpi
ctur
e

 64.Whent
hingsgowr
ongIam happyt
oshr
ugi
tof
fand"
puti
tdownt
oex
per
ience"

 65.It
endt
orej
ectwi
l
d,spont
aneousi
deasasbei
ngi
mpr
act
ical

 66.I
t'
sbestt
othi
nkcar
eful
l
ybef
oret
aki
ngact
ion

 67.Onbal
anceIdot
hel
i
steni
ngr
athert
hant
het
alk
ing

 68.It
endt
obet
oughonpeopl
ewhof
indi
tdi
ff
icul
ttoadoptal
ogi
cal
appr
oach

 69.Mostt
imesIbel
i
evet
heendj
ust
if
iest
hemeans

 70.Idon'
tmi
ndhur
ti
ngpeopl
e'
sfeel
i
ngssol
ongast
hej
obget
sdone

 71.If
indt
hef
ormal
i
tyofhav
ingspeci
fi
cobj
ect
iv
esandpl
ansst
if
li
ng

 72.I
'
m usual
l
yoneoft
hepeopl
ewhoput
sli
fei
ntoapar
ty

 73.Idowhat
everi
sex
pedi
entt
ogett
hej
obdone

 74.Iqui
ckl
ygetbor
edwi
thmet
hodi
cal
,det
ail
edwor
k

 75.Iam keenonexpl
ori
ngt
hebasi
cassumpt
ions,
pri
nci
pl
esandt
heor
iesunder
pinni
ng
thi
ngsandevents
 76.I
'
m al
way
sint
erest
edt
ofi
ndoutwhatpeopl
ethi
nk

 77.Il
i
kemeet
ingst
ober
unonmet
hodi
cal
li
nes,
sti
cki
ngt
olai
ddownagenda,
etc.

 78.Ist
eercl
earofsubj
ect
iv
eorambi
guoust
opi
cs

 79.
Ienj
oyt
hedr
amaandex
cit
ementofacr
isi
ssi
tuat
ion

 80.Peopl
eof
tenf
indmei
nsensi
ti
vet
othei
rfeel
i
ngs

3
 Scor
ingandI
nter
pret
ingt
heLear
ningSt
ylesQuest
ionnai
re

TheQuest i
onnai
reisscor
edbyawar
dingonepoi
ntforeacht
ick
editem.Therearenopointsfor
crossedi
tems.Simpl
yindi
cat
eont
heli
stsbel
owwhichi
temswereti
ckedbyci
rcl
ingtheappr
opri
ate
questi
onnumber.

2 7 1 5
4 13 3 9
6 15 8 1
1
1
10 16 12
9
2
17 25 14
1
2
23 28 18
7
3
24 29 20
5
3
32 31 22
7
4
34 33 26
4
4
38 36 30
9
5
40 39 42
0
5
43 41 47
3
5
45 46 51
4
5
48 52 57
6
5
58 55 61
9
6
64 60 63
5
6
71 62 68
9
7
72 66 75
0
7
74 67 77
79 76 78 3
8
0
TOTALS
Act
ivi
st Ref
lect
or Theor
ist Pr
agmat
ist

4
 Pl
ott
het
otal
sont
hear
msoft
hecr
ossbel
ow:

Act
ivi
st

Pr
agmat
ist

Ref
lect
or

Theor
ist

Yourr
esul
tmayshowt
haty
ouhav
eapar
ti
cul
arl
ear
ningst
ylepr
efer
ence.

Itmaybeusef ult
obearthi
sinmindasyouapproachcoachi
ngr el
ati
onshi
ps.Howdoest he
approachyouadoptimpactyourt
hought
sandactions?Howmi ghtl
earni
ngsty
letheoryi
mpact
yourcoachingrel
ati
onshi
ps?Howcany oubestsupportacoacheewithanot
herlear
ningsty
let
o
i
mpr ovetheirper
for
mance?

Att hi
s poi
nty ou mayal so f
ind i
thelpf
ultor
ead thr
ough t Lear
he ‘ ni
ng St
yles – Gener
al
Descri
pti
ons’whichfol
low.Thisprovidesmor
edet
ailandshoul
dhel
py ouclar
if
yy oursenseof
yourownprefer
redstyl
e(s)
.

5
Lear
ningSt
yles-Gener
alDescr
ipt
ions

Act
ivi
sts
Activ
istsinv ol
vet hemsel vesfull
yandwi t
houtbi asi nnewexper i
ences.Theyenj oythehereand
nowandar ehappyt obedomi nat edbyi mmedi ateexperiences.Theyar eopen-minded,not
sceptical,andt hi
st endst omaket hem ent husiasticaboutany t
hingnew.Thei rphil
osophyis: "
I'
ll
tr
yany thingonce" .Theyt endtoactf ir
standconsi dertheconsequencesaf ter
wards.Theirday s
arefil
ledwi thact i
vi
t y.Theyt acklepr oblemsbybr ainstor
mi ng.Assoonast heexcitementfrom
oneact ivi
tyhasdi eddownt heyar ebusyl ookingf orthenext.Theyt endtothri
veont hechallenge
ofnewexper i
encesbutar ebor edwi t
himpl ement at i
onandl onger-
term consoli
dati
on.Theyar e
gregariouspeopl econst antl
yinv olvi
ngt hemsel veswi thothersbutindoi ngso;theyseekto
centreallact i
viti
esont hemsel ves.

Ref
lect
ors
Reflectorsl i
ket ostandbackt oponderexper i
encesandobser v ethem f rom manydi ff
erent
perspectives.Theycol lectdat a,bothf ir
sthandandf rom ot hers,andpr efert ot hi
nkabouti t
thoroughlybef orecomi ngt oanyconcl usion.Thethoroughcol lecti
onandanal ysisofdataabout
experiencesandev entsiswhatcount ssot heytendtopost poner eachingdef initi
veconclusions
forasl ongaspossi ble.Thei rphi
losophyist obecautious.Theyar et houghtfulpeopl ewhol i
ket o
consideral lpossibl
eangl esandi mpli
cationsbeforemaki ngamov e.Theypr efertotakeaback
seati nmeet ingsanddi scussions.Theyenj oyobserv ingot herpeopl ei nact ion.Theyl i
stent o
othersandgett hedr i
ftoft hediscussionbef oremaki ngthei rownpoi nts.Theyt endtoadopta
l
owpr ofil
eandhav easl ightlydi
stant,tol
erantunruff
ledai raboutt hem.Whent heyactitispart
ofawi depicturewhichi ncludesthepastaswel lasthepr esentandot hers'obser vati
onsaswel l
astheirown.

Theor
ist
s
Theor i
stsadaptandi ntegr ateobser vat
ionsi ntocompl exbutl ogicall
ysoundt heor i
es.Theyt hink
problemst hroughinav er ti
cal,step-by-
stepl ogicalway.Theyassi mil
at edisparat efact sinto
coherentt heor i
es.Theyt endt obeper f
ectionistswhowon' tresteasyunt i
lthingsar et idyandf it
i
ntoar at i
onal scheme.Theyl i
ket oanalyseandsy nthesise.Theyar ekeenonbasi cassumpt ions,
pri
nciples,t heori
esmodel sandsy stemst hinking.Theirphi l
osophypr i
zesr at i
onalityandl ogic.
"I
fit'
slogical i
t'
sgood".Quest i
onst heyf r
equent lyaskar e:"Doesi tmakesense? ""Howdoest his
fi
twi t
ht hat? ""Whataret hebasi cassumpt ions?"Theyt endt obedet ached, analy t
ical and
dedicatedt or ati
onalobject iv
ityratherthanany t
hingsubj ecti
veorambi guous.Thei rappr oacht o
problemsi sconsi stentl
yl ogical.Thisisthei r"
ment alset"andt heyrigidlyrejectany thingt hat
doesn'tfitwi thit
.Theypr ef ertomaxi misecer taintyandf eeluncomf ortablewi thsubj ective
j
udgment s, lat
eralt
hinkingandany thi
ngf l
ippant .

Pr
agmat
ist
s
Pragmat istsarekeenont ryingoutideas,theoriesandt echniquest oseeift heywor kinpracti
ce.
Theyposi tivel
ysearchoutnewi deasandt aket hefi
rstoppor tunit
ytoexper imentwi th
applicati
ons.Theyar ethesor tsofpeoplewhor etur
nf r
om managementcour sesbr i
mmi ngwith
newi deast hattheywantt ot r
youtinpractice.Theyliket ogetonwi ththingsandactqui ckl
yand
confidentlyonideast hatattr
actthem.Theyt endtobei mpat ientwithruminat i
ngandopen- ended
di
scussi ons.Theyar eessent i
all
ypracti
cal,downt oearthpi l
ewhol ikemaki ngpr acti
cal
decisionsandsol vi
ngpr oblems.Theyr espondt oproblemsandoppor tunit
ies" asachallenge"
.
Theirphilosophyis:"Thereisal waysabetterway "and" ifitworksit'
sgood" .

I
ndescendi
ngor
derofl
i
kel
i
hood, t
hemostcommoncombi
nat
ionsar
e:
¬1st Refl
ector/
Theori
st
d
2" Theori
st/Pragmati
st
d
3r Refl
ector/
Pragmati
st
4th Acti
vi
st/Pragmati
st

6
 Lear
ningst
yles-af
urt
herper
spect
ive
ACTI
VISTS:
Act
ivi
stsl
ear
nbes
tfr
om ac
tiv
it
ieswher
e:¬
 Therear
enewexperi
ences/
probl
ems /oppor
tuni
ti
esf
romwhicht
olear
n.
 Theycanengr
ossthemsel
vesinshort"her
eandnow"act
iv
it
iess
uchasbus
ines
sgames
,compet
it
iv
e
teamworkt
asks,
rol
e-pl
ayi
ngexer
cises.
 Ther
eisex
cit
ement
/dr
ama/
cri
si
sandt
hingsc
hopandc
hangewi
thar
angeofdi
ver
seac
tiv
it
iest
otac
kle
 Theyhavealotoft
hel
i
mel
i
ght
/hi
ghv
isi
bi
li
ty
,i.
e.t
heyc
an"
chai
r"meet
ings
,leaddi
scus
sions
,andgi
ve
pres
entat
ions
.
 Theyar
eall
owedtogenerateideaswi
thoutc
onst
rai
ntsofpol
i
cyors t
ruct
ureorf
eas
ibil
i
ty.
 Theyar
ethr
owninatthedeependwi t
hat askt
heythi
nkisdi
ff
icul
t,
i.
e.whensetachal
lengewi
thi
nadequat
e
res
ourc
esandadver
sec ondit
ions.
 Theyar
einv
olv
edwi
thot
herpeopl
e,i
.
e.bounc
ingi
deasof
fthem,
sol
vi
ngpr
obl
emsaspar
tofat
eam.
 I
tisappr
opr
iat
eto"
hav
eago"
.

Act
ivi
stsl
ear
nleas
tfr
om,
andmayr
eac
tagai
nst
,ac
tiv
it
ieswher
e:¬
 Learni
nginv
olvesapas s
iver
ole,i
.e.
li
steni
ngt
olec
tur
es,
monol
ogues
,ex
planat
ions
,st
atement
sofhowt
hings
shouldbedone,readi
ng,wat
ching.
 Theyar
eas
kedt
ost
andbac
kandnotbei
nvol
ved.
 Theyar
ere
qui
redt
oas
simi
l
ate
,anal
yseandi
nter
pretl
otsof"
mes
sy"dat
a.
 Theyar
ere
quiredt
oengagei nsol
i
tar
ywork,i.
e.r
eading,wr i
ti
ng,thinki
ngont hei
rown.
 Theyar
easkedtoassessbefor
ehandwhattheywilll
earn,andt oapprais
eaf t
erwar
dswhatt heyhav
elear
ned.
 Theyar
eoff
eredst
atementstheyseeas"t
heoret
ical
",i
.e.explanationofcauseorback
ground
 Theyar
easkedtorepeates
senti
al
lythes
ameac ti
v i
tyoverandov eragai
n,i.
e.whenpr
acti
cing.
 Theyhav
epr
eci
sei
nst
ruc
tionst
ofol
l
owwi
thl
i
ttl
eroomf
ormanoeuv
re.
 Theyar
eas
kedt
odoat
hor
oughj
ob,
i.
e.at
tendt
odet
ail
,t
ieupl
oos
eends
,dott
hei
'
s,c
ros
st'
s.

Summar
yofs
trengt
hs
 Fl
exi
bl
eandopenmi
nded.
 Happyt
ohav
eago.
 Happyt
obeex
pos
edt
one
wsi
tuat
ions
.
 Opt
imi
sti
caboutany
thi
ngnewandt
her
efor
eunl
i
kel
ytor
esi
stc
hange.

Summaryofweak
nesses:
 Tendencytot
aketheimmediat
elyobv
iousac
tionwi
thoutt
hink
ing.
 Oftentak
eunnecess
aryr
isk
s.
 Tendenc
ytodot
oomuc
hthems
elv
esandhogt
hel
i
mel
i
ght
.
 Rus
hint
oac
tionwi
thouts
uff
ici
entpr
epar
ati
on.
 Getbor
edwi
thi
mpl
ement
ati
on/
cons
oli
dat
ion.

Keyques
tionsf
orac
tiv
ist
s:
 Shal
lIl
ear
nsomet
hingnew,i
.e.
thatIdi
dn'
tknow/c
ouldn'
tdobefor
e?
 Wil
lt
herebeawi
dev ar
iet
yofdi
ff
erentac
tiv
it
ies
?(Idon'
twantt
os i
tandl
i
stenf
ormor
ethananhourata
st
ret
ch!
)
 Wi
l
litbeOKt
ohav
eago/
letmyhai
rdown/
mak
emi
stak
es/
hav
efun?
 Shal
l1enc
ount
ers
omet
oughpr
obl
emsandc
hal
l
enges
?
 Wi
l
lther
ebeot
herl
i
ke-
mindedpeopl
etomi
xwi
th?

7
REFLECTORS:
Ref
lec
tor
slear
nbes
tfr
om ac
tiv
it
ieswher
e:¬
 Theyar
eal
l
owedorenc
our
agedt
owat
ch/
thi
nk/
chewov
erac
tiv
it
ies
.
 Theyar
eabletost
andbac
kFromevent
sandl
i
sten/
obs
erv
e,i
.
e.obs
erv
ingagr
oupatwor
k,t
aki
ngabac
kseat
i
nameet i
ng,wat
chi
ngafi
lmorvi
deo.
 Theyar
eal
lowedt
othinkbefor
eact
ing,t
oassi
mil
atebef
orec
ommenc
ing,
i.
e.t
imet
opr
epar
e,ac
hanc
eto
readi
nadv
anceabri
efgiv
ingback
grounddat
a.
 Theycanc
arr
youts
omepai
nst
aki
ngr
esear
ch,
i.
e.i
nves
ti
gat
e,as
sembl
einf
ormat
ion,
andpr
obet
ogett
othe
bott
omofthi
ngs
.
 Theyhav
etheoppor
tuni
tyt
orev
iewwhathashappened,
whatt
heyhav
elear
ned.
 Theyar
eas
kedt
opr
oduc
ecar
eful
l
ycons
ider
edanal
ysesandr
epor
ts.
 Theyar
ehelpedtoex
c hangevi
ewswi
thot
herpeopl
ewi
thoutdanger
,i
.e.
bypr
ioragr
eement
,wi
thi
na
st
ruct
uredl
earni
ngexperi
ence.
 Theyc
anr
eac
hadec
isi
oni
nthei
rownt
imewi
thoutpr
ess
ureandt
ightdeadl
i
nes
.

Ref
lec
tor
slear
nleas
tfr
om,
andmayr
eac
tagai
nst
,ac
tiv
it
ieswher
e:¬
• Theyar
e"f
orc
ed"i
ntot
hel
i
mel
i
ght
,i
.e.
toac
tasl
eader
/chai
rman,
tor
ole-
pl
ayi
nfr
ontofon-
l
ook
ers
.
• Theyar
einv
olv
edi
nsi
tuat
ionswhi
chr
equi
reac
tionwi
thoutpl
anni
ng.
• Theyar
epitc
hedintodoi
ngs omet
hingwi
thoutwar
ning,
i.
e.t
opr
oduc
eani
nst
antr
eac
tion,
topr
oduc
e
anoff
-t
he-
top-of
-t
he-
headidea.
• Theyar
egi
veni
nsuf
fi
ci
entdat
aonwhi
cht
obas
eac
onc
lus
ion.
• Theyar
egi
venc
utanddr
iedi
nst
ruc
tionsofhowt
hingss
houl
dbedone.
• Theyar
ewor
ri
edbyt
imepr
ess
uresorr
ushedf
romoneac
tiv
it
ytoanot
her
.
• I
nthei
nter
est
sofex
pedi
enc
ytheyhav
etomak
eshor
tcut
sordoas
uper
fi
ci
alj
ob.

Summar
yofs
trengt
hs:
 Car
eful
.
 Thor
oughandmet
hodi
cal
 Thought
ful
 Goodatl
i
ste
ningt
oot
her
sandas
simi
l
ati
ngi
nfor
mat
ion.
 Rar
elyj
umpt
oconc
lus
ions
.

Summar
yofweak
nes
ses
:
 Tendenc
ytohol
dbac
kfr
omdi
rec
tpar
ti
ci
pat
ion.
 Sl
owt
omak
eupt
hei
rmi
ndsandr
eac
hadec
isi
on.
 Tendenc
ytobet
ooc
aut
iousandnott
akeenoughr
isk
s.
 Notas
ser
ti
ve-t
heyar
en'
tpar
ti
cul
arl
yfor
thc
omi
ngandhav
eno"
smal
lt
alk
".

Keyques
tionsf
orr
efl
ect
ors
:
 Shal
lIbegi
venadequat
eti
met
ocons
ider
,as
simi
l
ateandpr
epar
e?
 Wi
l
lther
ebeoppor
tuni
ti
es/
fac
il
it
iest
oas
sembl
erel
evanti
nfor
mat
ion?
 Wi
llt
her
ebeopport
uni
ti
est
oli
stent
oot
herpeopl
e'
spoi
ntsofv
iew-pr
efer
abl
yawi
dec
ros
ssec
tionofpeopl
e
wi
thavar
iet
yofvi
ews?
 Shal
lIbeunderpr
ess
uret
obes
lapdas
hort
oex
tempor
ise?

8
THEORI
STS:
Theor
ist
slear
nbes
tfr
om ac
tiv
it
ieswher
e:¬
 Whati
sbei
ngof
fer
edi
spar
tofas
yst
em,
model
,conc
ept
,theor
y
 Thehaveti
met
oex
plor
emet
hodi
cal
l
ytheas
soc
iat
ionsandi
nter
-r
elat
ions
hipsbet
weeni
deas
,ev
ent
sand
si
tuat
ions
.
 Theyhavet
hec hanc
etoquest
ionandprobet
hebasi
cme t
hodol
ogy,
ass
umpti
onsorlogi
cbehind
somethi
ng,
i.
e.bytaki
ngpar
tinaquest
ionandanswers
essi
on,byc
hecki
ngapaperf
orincons
ist
enc
ies
.
 Theyareint
ell
ect
ual
l
ys t
ret
ched,i
.
e.byanal
ysi
ngac omplexsi
tuat
ion,
bei
ngt
est
edi
nat
utor
ial
ses
sion,
byteac
hinghighcal
i
brepeoplewhoasksear
chingques
tions
.
 Theyar
eins
truc
tur
eds
ituat
ionswi
thac
learpur
pos
e.
 Theycanli
st
entoorreadabouti
deasandc
onc
ept
sthatemphas
iser
ati
onal
i
tyorl
ogi
candar
ewel
l
ar
gued/el
egant
/wat
erti
ght
.
 Theyc
ananal
yseandt
hengener
ali
set
her
eas
onsf
ors
ucc
essorf
ail
ure
.
 Theyar
eof
fer
edi
nter
est
ingi
deasandc
onc
ept
sev
ent
hought
heyar
enoti
mmedi
atel
yrel
evant
.
 Theyar
erequi
redt
ounder
standandpar
ti
ci
pat
einc
ompl
exs
ituat
ions
.

Theor
ist
slear
nleas
tfr andmayr
om, eac
tagai
nst
,ac
tiv
it
ieswher
e:¬
 Theyar
epi
tc
h-f
ork
edi
ntodoi
ngs
omet
hingwi
thoutac
ont
extorappar
entpur
pos
e.
 Theyhav
etopar
ti
ci
pat
eins
ituat
ionsemphas
isi
ngemot
ionsandf
eel
i
ngs
.
 Theyarei
nvol
vedinunst
ruc
tur
edac
tiv
it
ieswher
eambi
gui
tyandunc
ert
aint
yar
ehi
gh,
i.
e.wi
thopen¬ended
probl
ems,onsens
iti
vi
tyt
rai
ni
ng.
 Theyar
eas
kedt
oac
tordec
idewi
thoutabas
isi
npol
i
cy,
pri
nci
pl
eorc
onc
ept
.
 Theyar
efacedwi
thahot
chpotchofalt
ernat
ive
/cont
radi
ct
oryt
echni
ques
/met
hodswi
thoutex
plor
inganyi
n
dept
h,i
.
e.asona"onc
eoverli
ghtl
y"cour
s e.
 Theyf
indt
hes
ubj
ectmat
terpl
ati
tudi
nous
,shal
l
oworgi
mmi
cky
.
 Theyfeelt
hemselv
esoutoft
unewi
thot
herpar
ti
ci
pant
s,i
.
e.whenwi
thl
otsofAc
tiv
ist
sorpeopl
eofl
ower
i
ntel
lect
ualcal
i
bre.

Summar
yofs
trengt
hs:
 Logi
cal
"ver
ti
cal
"thi
nker
s.
 Rat
ional
andobj
ect
iv
e.
 Goodatas
kingpr
obi
ngques
tions
.
 Di
sci
pl
inedappr
oac
h.

Summar
yofweak
nes
ses
:
 Res
tri
ctedi
nlat
eral
thi
nki
ng.
 l
owt
oler
anc
eforunc
ert
aint
y,di
sor
derandambi
gui
ty
 I
ntol
erantofany
thi
ngs
ubj
ect
iv
eori
ntui
ti
ve.
 Ful
lof"
shoul
ds,
ought
sandmus
ts"
.

Keyques
tionsf
ort
heor
ist
s:
 Wi
l
lther
ebel
otsofoppor
tuni
ti
est
oques
tion?
 Dot
heobj
ect
iv
esandpr
ogr
amofev
ent
sindi
cat
eac
lears
truc
tur
eandpur
pos
e?
 Shal
lIenc
ount
erc
ompl
exi
deasandc
onc
ept
sthatar
eli
kel
ytos
tret
chme?
 Ar
etheappr
oac
hest
obeus
edandc
onc
ept
stobeex
plor
ed"
res
pec
tabl
e",
i.
e.s
oundandv
ali
d?
 Shal
lIbewi
thpeopl
eofs
imi
l
arc
ali
bret
omy
sel
f?

9
PRAGMATI
ST:
Pr
agmat
ist
slear
nbestf
rom act
iv
it
ieswher
e:¬
 Ther
eisanobv
iousl
i
nkbet
weent
hesubj
ectmat
terandapr
obl
em oroppor
tuni
tyont
hej
ob.
 Theyar
eshownt
echni
quesfordoi
ngthi
ngswi
thobv
iouspr
act
ical
adv
ant
ages,
i.
e.howt
osav
eti
me,
howtomakeagoodfi
rsti
mpressi
on,
howtodealwi
thawkwar
dpeopl
e.
 Theyhavethechancet
otryoutandpract
icetechni
queswit
hcoachi
ng/
feedbackf
rom acr
edi
bl
eex
per
t,
i
.e.someonewhoissuccessf
ulandcandot hetechni
quest
hemselv
es.
 Theyar
eexposedtoamodel t
heycanemulate,i
.
e.arespect
edboss,
ademonst
rat
ionfr
om someone
wit
haprov
ent r
ackrecor
d,l
otsofexampl
es/anecdot
es,andafi
l
m showi
nghowit’
sdone.
 Theyar
egi
vent
echni
quescur
rent
lyappl
i
cabl
etot
hei
rownj
ob.
 Theyar
egi
veni
mmedi
ateoppor
tuni
ti
est
oimpl
ementwhatt
heyhav
elear
ned.
 Ther
eisahi
ghf
acev
ali
di
tyi
nthel
ear
ningact
iv
it
y,i
.
e.agoodsi
mul
ati
on,
'r
eal
"pr
obl
ems
.
 Theycanconcentr
ateonpract
ical
issues,
i.
e.dr
awi
ngupact
ionpl
answi
thanobv
iousendpr
oduct
,
suggest
ingshor
tcuts,
giv
ingti
ps.

Pr
agmat
ist
slear
nleastf
rom,
andmayr
eactagai
nst
,act
iv
it
ieswher
e:¬
 Thelearni
ngisnotrel
atedtoani
mmedi
ateneedt
heyr
ecogni
se/
theycannotsee,
ani
mmedi
ate
rel
evance/pr
act
ical
benefit
.
 Organiser
softhel
ear
ning,ort
heev
entit
sel
f,
seemsdi
stantf
rom r
eal
i
ty,
i.
e."
iv
oryt
ower
ed"
,al
ltheor
yand
generalpr
inci
pl
es,
pur
e" chal
kandt
alk
".
 Ther
eisnopr
act
iceorcl
eargui
del
i
nesonhowt
odoi
t.
 Theyf
eel
thatpeopl
ear
egoi
ngr
oundi
nci
rcl
esandnotget
ti
ngany
wher
efastenough.
 Ther
ear
epol
i
ti
cal
,manager
ial
orper
sonal
obst
acl
est
oimpl
ement
ati
on.
 Therei
snoappar
entr
ewar
dfr
om t
hel
ear
ningact
iv
it
y,i
.
e.mor
esal
es,
shor
termeet
ings,
higherbonus,
promot
ion.

Summar
yofst
rengt
hs:
 Keent
otestt
hingsouti
npr
act
ice.
 Pr
act
ical
,downt
oear
th,
real
i
sti
c.
 Busi
nessl
i
ke-get
sst
rai
ghtt
othepoi
nt.
 Techni
queor
ient
ed.

Summar
yofweak
nesses:
 Tendencyt
orej
ectany
thi
ngwi
thoutanobv
iousappl
i
cat
ion.
 Notv
eryi
nter
est
edi
ntheor
yorbasi
cpr
inci
pl
es.
 Tendencyt
osei
zeont
hef
ir
stex
pedi
entsol
uti
ont
oapr
obl
em.
 I
mpat
ientwi
thwaf
fl
e.
 Onbal
ance,
taskor
ient
ednotpeopl
eor
ient
ed.

Keyquest
ionsf
orpr
agmat
ist
s:
 Wi
l
lther
ebeampl
eoppor
tuni
ti
est
opr
act
iceandex
per
iment
?
 Wi
l
lther
ebel
otsofpr
act
ical
tipsandt
echni
ques
?
 Shal
lwebeaddr
essi
ngr
eal
probl
emsandwi
l
litr
esul
tinact
ionpl
anst
otack
lesomeofmycur
rentpr
obl
ems?
 Shal
lwebeex
posedt
oex
per
tswhok
nowhowt
o/candoi
tthemsel
ves
?

10