tulo - earn, win, accomplish, defeat

tulo dala - make a living

tulo kʰopa - defeat
tuluks - mussel
tum - thump
tumála - tomorrow
tutúsh - milk, breast, suckle
tutúsh gliys - butter
ubút - goal, end
ukuk - this
ukuk san - today
ul - old
ulali - berry
ulali mun - berry moon (6)
uləptski - fire, blaze, incinerate
ulman - old man, worn
ulq', oləq' - snake
ulu - hungry
ulu chəqw - thirsty
ulu musum - sleepy
ulx̣ayu - seal, pinniped
ulx̣ən, ulakən - ooligan, eulachon
umaʔ - give food to, feed
una - razor clam
upʰuch - buttocks, tail
upʰuch sil - loincloth
upq'ənəx̣ - basket
uptɬ'ikʰi - curve, arc
uptsax̣ - knife
uput - edge
upx̣achi - bead, ornament, decoration
ushkʰələx̣ - sinew
uskan - bowl, cup
uyxat - trail, road
uyxat pipa - map, plan
vot - vote
wach - clock
wach man - militia, volunteer village police
waki - next, tomorrow
walawala - east wind
wam - warm, hot
wam iliʔi - summer
wam sik kʰol sik - malaria
waptʰu - wapato
wash, washim - clean
wawa - talk, speak, say, language
wawa lakʰasét - recorder, answering machine
wawa qʰata ma təmtəm - guess
wax - yuck!
waxwax - owl
wayd - width, wide
wáyhi - hawaii, hawaiian
wayn - wine, grapes
wayn tʰi - grape juice, wine
wayn ulali - grapes
wax̣ - pour, spill
wel - well, spring, reservoir
wesh - metre, yard
wəx̣t - again, also
wigwam - shelter, tepee
wik - no, not
wik-dret - untrue, not straight
wik hayú - some, not much
wik ikta - nothing
wik ikta qʰata - no worries
wik lili - soon
wik ɬush - bad, badly, poorly
wik ɬush kʰopa laa - against the law/rules
wik qʰata - nothing can be done, no way to
wik qʰənchi - never
wik qʰənchi wəx̣t - never again
wik saya - near, almost
wik saya kʰəpít - almost done
wik skukum - weak
wik skukum latét - feeble mind
wikna - isn't that rightʔ
win - wind
winapi - shall, would, pause, delay
windo - window, porthole
wiski, xwiski - whiskey
witnis - witness, audience
wiyk - week
wokas - pond lily
wuɬat - penis
xulxul - rat, thief
xushəm - soapberry
xwa - wow!
xwayt - caucasian, european
xwayxwayʔ - large bird, goose
xwim - fallen, tipped
xwim stik - fallen tree
xwit - wheat, cereals
xwit haws - granary, silo
yachút - belly
yak'isiɬ - sharp, fine, thin
yak'isiɬ - sharp, fine, thin
yaka - she, he, it
yaka ukuk - in other words, that is
yakwa - here, this way
yakwa-yakwa - here and there
yapɬqʰaw - in-laws through deceased relative
yaqsu - hair
yatʰum - sister-in-law
yawa - there, that way
yawa iwa - yonder, thither, beyond
yayəm - story, confess
yaʔim - tell, narrate
yax̣al - indigenous name
yax̣an - to judge
yax̣ka - yaka (emphatic)
yənəs - teeth, fangs
yəx̣wələ - eagle
yiláʔan, yeʔlan - help, alms
yix - tipsy, off-course, out-of-touch
yuk - yoke, coerce, dispatch
yuɬqat - long
yuɬqat qw'əlan - hare
yutɬiɬ, yutɬ - pleased, proud
yutskat - short
ʔaptsit - rudder
ʔayuʔayu - nickering, whinny
ʔoʔ - vomit
ʔushʔush - nap, rest
x̣alaqɬ - open (as a clearing)
x̣anɬq̓i - crooked, bent, knotted
x̣awqaɬ qʰata - impossible
x̣awqaɬ, x̣awqwəɬ - unable, stubborn
x̣axw - turn, spin, hurry up
x̣ax̣aʔ - wonder, holy
x̣ax̣aʔ milalam - confession
x̣ax̣əts'ək - grasshopper
x̣ələl, x̣ələl - vibrate, quiver, to move
x̣ələl-ikta - animal
x̣iləməɬ - work
x̣luyma - other, different, strange
x̣luyma tilixam - stranger, foreigner
x̣umx̣um - brain
x̣uqʰən - pick out, gather up
x̣uqʰuməɬ - heap, pile up
x̣wani - seagull
x̣wiləm - thick rope, ship rope

******

yathum Sister in law

yapɬqʰaw Widow/widower

Xuqʰan To pick out/ gather up

yutɬiɬ proud

yix tipsy/half-drunk

Yuɬqat-lipom Banana
ulali-lipom t’si-məkmək / phay Pie

yuɬqat-liphwa Greenbean(s)

wapthu Potato(s)

yathum Sister in law

yapɬqʰaw Widow/widower

Animals

yutqat-uphuch
Cougar

yútqat-thiyáʔwit
Crane

yútqat-q'wèlan
Rabbit

xulxul
Rat

ulq'
Snake
tiqaya

Plants

ulali
Berries

tush-tipsu
Flower

wapthu
Wapato

tush-stik
Cedar

woodcock

tɬaʔamps - to drink Salishan

chekʰx̣ - foot
pʰex̣nəksash - finger

chiputs - canoe
oheyapəl - cap > french
sish-sish - cold (to shake, to shiver)
ax̣tamin - dead
kuks - flap
tishkuɬkuɬ - box

shəʔəl - to give
yuʔalti - happy

tɬax̣ - good

waksaʔ - gold
tax̣nəm - god
tah - great
uʔitch - he
tɬamintuk
ʼ -head
to
ʼ ɬ - house
ants - I
ax̣chum - island
pond - to kill

ohu'way - much

maltuni - near, nearby

uyhuɬma - ocean
shu - old

ix̣uɬ - river

ax tamulitch - barrel lit. small cave

yuts - to sit down

naʔchaʔmuts - naked, shame

ulak - snake Quinault: olk
kʰays - stone

ulutɬaʔ - sun god

kusulaʔ that
tɬabiska - they
achan - today
huyhuy - to dread
shʷaɬpaʔ - tree
huy - hand
ichəmli - to understand
waɬax - warm

uneyəm - we
wax̣kt - who

tɬadəkə - thee
tiʔalus - yesterday
kʷalim - young

Hul’q’umin’um Salish

k’wuluw’  -   ‘skin, hide, pelt’     skín

sx̣uy’us -    ‘head’     latét
x̣á:m-uthut* / x̣ʷáŋ*  -   ‘weep’     kʰiláy
shélh-s*    - ‘their road(s)’     ɬaska úyx̣at
‘ul’élush  -   ‘sisters (of a single man; brothers of a single woman)’   
áts ‘sister(s)’
sq’é:t’l   -  ‘land otter = river otter’     nanámuks
miláləm*  -   ‘to confer'(ʔ)     wáwa kʰanumákwst / kʰanumákwst wáwa ‘talk
together’
sx̣uy’ukwus-     ‘raccoon’     q’áləs
swúy’qe’   -  ‘man’    mán
{sq’ʷáŋiʔ} [11] — I was unable to find a Hul’q’umin’um word corresponding to this <
squani > in the two dictionaries I used, but neighbouring SENĆOŦEN (Saanich) Salish
of the Victoria, BC area has quite a close match meaning ‘head’. 

chuchí’q’un’,    - ‘mink’     mínk

< kentsum >  -   ‘the tide’ʔ     sáltsəqw ‘the ocean’
< kwek >  -   ‘circle'(ʔ)     lúʔlu (ʔ)
stuy’ti’     ‘toy hoop’     (lúʔlu híhi-íkta would be ’round toy’)
stqé:ye’     ‘wolf’     lílu
tux̣wá’c     ‘archery bow’     úpq’ati / úpt’ɬiki / kaláytən-stík
ʔshélh-sʔ     ‘(their) road’     úyx̣at 
siw’ín’     ‘wordpower’     (t’əmánəwas) 
chumux̣     ‘pitch; chewing gum’     lakóm
< chummult >     ‘to stick on, glue on'(ʔ)     mamuk-q’wétɬ
snás     ‘fat, lard’     klís
< klatlum >     ‘ʔ’     ɬáx̣ani (ʔ) ‘outside’
smé:nt     ‘mountain’     lamətáy

əbə ‘or’ (compare French ou bien, Canadian French ou ben)

aba! ‘ah well’ (compare eh/ah bien!, Canadian eh/ah ben!)

(A) non-portable items:

lashəmine ‘chimney’, lapot ‘door’, laklash ‘barn’ (known as a loan into Upper
Chehalis Salish), lemula ‘sawmill’
(B) things not in high demand by Indians:
libarədu ‘shingles’, latam ‘table’, lishesh ‘chair’, lapʰushet
‘fork’, lasyet/lipʰla ‘plate’, lashantel ‘candle’, lachuk ‘cap’, maybe ləsánchél
‘belt’ (were “toques” and “sashes” normally home-knitted / wovenʔ), likʰárt ‘cards’
(C) perishables:
lipum ‘apples’, leladi ‘radishes’, lenamo ‘turnips’, lapʰatʰak ‘potatoes’.
(Folks could grow or make their own of all of these, and many would be hard to keep
in stock fresh at a trading post.)
Additionally note that quite a lot of the core trade goods already had long-
established non-French-derived Chinuk Wawa names since very early contact, so there
was no pressing need for any French words for these:
Lower Chinookan words:
pasisi ‘blankets’, siyapuɬ ‘hats’, sik’aluks ‘pants’ (“breeches”), kamusak
‘beads’,  tsiltsil ‘buttons’, k’aynuɬ ‘tobacco’, ikʰik ‘fish hooks’, k’uyk’uy
‘rings’, uptsax̣ ‘knives’, tintin ‘bells’, perhaps pulali ‘(gun)powder’
English words:
kítɬən ‘kettles’, mə́skit ‘guns’, shát ‘shot/bullets’, its homonym shát ‘shirts’
(which later became the Frenchified lishát at Grand Ronde, distinguinging the two
nouns), síl ‘cloth’, híkchəm ‘handkerchiefs’, kʰút ‘dresses’ (“coats”), stákin
‘stockings’, shúsh ‘shoes’, kʰúm ‘combs’, shúkwa ‘sugar’, məlásis ‘molasses’, lám
‘alcohol’ …
(Counterexamples, i.e. early trade-good words from French, are few: lahásh
‘hatchet’, lalím ‘file’, lapál ‘(lead) balls’ (bullets), and < le couteau > a
synonym for ‘knife’ documented only by Father Lionnet 1853 [circa 1850].)

‘awl’ was l’alène because the fur-trading dudes called a north Idaho Salish tribe
the Coeurs d’Alène(s).

ɬəx̣sítən tablecloth (saanich)

ɬáp̕ən spoon (saanich)

ɬənísən button (saanich)

This is separate from the semi-well-known fact that Salish provided a decent
percentage of the commonly recognized Chinuk Wawa vocabulary.

In today’s rather skeletal post, I’m just going to narrowly share a few bullet
points about Salish words that are found far afield, indicating cultural exchange.
More about my reasoning in future posts, all rightʔ

Salish qax̣ ‘dog’ / qax̣-aʔ ‘doggie’, was an extremely valuable possession. This
wool-bearing breed was one of the few such in the world, a rare treasure; as I note
in a paper I’ve been writing, there’s a case to be made that Salish grammar
(believe it or not) treats their dogs as extremely valued possessions. If dogs were
so sought-after, it should not be a surprise then that we find this word for dog in
unrelated languages pretty far away. Patty Whereat (read her blog. read her blog.)
has done awesome work on her peopleʹs languages around Coos Bay, Oregon, showing
that this word made its way there.
Salish c̓ič̓-ɬ(n)ʔ ‘gun’ (‘shooting-tool’), was obviously a hot ticket. Remember
Lewis & Clark’s journals, where the local fella’s reaction to their shooting ducks
is the Jargon sentiment “ɬush məskit, wik kəmtəks məskit”ʔ (“Nice gun, don’t know
[that] gun.”) This Salish word I believe comes from Shoalwater Bay, but it’s found
up north in the unrelated Quileute language, and down south in two other unrelated
languages, Alsea and Siuslaw on the Oregon coast.
Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie, spoken just inland from the mouth of the Columbia River
on both sides, was an Athabaskan language–therefore related both to Navajo and to
most Alaskan languages–but it got a ton of words for material culture from Salish.
In a glance at a 1924 paper by Boas and Goddard I recognize that same ‘gun’ word I
just mentioned…plus words that in Salish I spell stiqiw ‘horse’, ɬət̓iʔ ‘eating
utensil’, quite possibly caqstqtn ‘kettle’…

None of this should really be a big surprise. Quileute’s word for a valuable long-
distance travel canoe, approximately ʔaʔlotq, got borrowed into all of the Salish
languages of southwest Washington because it was a trade item. In various locales,
words for traditionally traded commodities including ‘eulachon grease’, ‘(Indian)
potato’, ‘halibut’ and more got shared. Traditionally “grease trails”, trading
routes, interlaced the whole region and beyond.

But what really strikes me is how many Coast Salish words I find getting used
interculturally, really early, for cultural items introduced by the whites.

It’s quite something to think what this implies about the role of Salish speakers
at the moment of “contact”…

tláy-tə́mtəm, a 'surprise' from Salish

I, me, my, mine - nayka

you, your, yours (singular) - mayka
he, she, it, him, his, her, hers - yaka
we, us, our, ours - nəsayka
you, your, yours (plural) - məsayka
they, them, their, theirs - klaska
a man - man
one man - ikt man
the man - ukuk man
that man - ukuk man

many - hayu
some - tənəs hayu, wik hayu
all - kanawi
big, very - hayash
small, little - tənəs
strong, powerful - skukum
quick - hayak
slow - klawa

where - ka
when - kənchi
how much - kənchi hayu or kənchi
why, how - kata
what - ikta
who - klaksta
why - pus ikta

Wikna - isn't it soʔ

Nihwa - why don'tʔ
learn - chaku kəmtəks
teach - mamuk kəmtəks
sell - mash makuk, makuk saya
dream - musəm nanich
respond - kilapay wawa
die, expire - chaku hilu
forget - kəpit kəmtəksHello - Klahawya
How are youʔ - Kata maykaʔ
I am... - ...nayka.
good - Klush
tired - Til
sad - Sik təmtəm
sick - Sik

doctor - Dakta
student - Skul tilikəm
I... - Nayka...
farm. - mamuk iləhi.
teach. - mamuk kəmtəks.
program computers. - mamuk computer.

Strong, powerful, "cool" - Skukum

Please - Klush or Nihwa
Thank you. - Mersi
You're welcome. - Just smile!
What's the matterʔ - Ikta kataʔ
Nothing's the matter. - Wik ikta kata.
Bye - Klahawya.
We'll talk soon. - Atlki nəsayka wawa.
Move it! - Hayak!

mother - mama
father - papa
older brother, sister or cousin - kapho
brother or male cousin - aw
sister or female cousin - ats
child - tənas
brat - təna
son or boy - tənəs man
daughter or girl - tənəs kluchmən
husband or man - man
wife or woman - kluchmən
old woman - lamiyay
old man - olman
grandfather - chup
grandmother - chich
friend - tilikəm or shiks
boss, leader - tayi
family, person, people - tilikəm

an apple - ikt lipom

beef - musmus itluli
a bottle of beer - ikt labutay or lamchək
berries - ulali
a biscuit - ikt lebiskwi
bread - lipan
some coffee - kabi
fish - pish
two eggs - makst lisap
a hotdog, sausage - ikt sikaluks itluli
some meat - itluli
some milk - musmus tutush
a pizza - ikt pissa
pork - kushu itluli
a potato - ikt wapəto
water - chək
wine - ulali puyu

beaver - ina
brown bear - Whoot
bird - kəlakəla
black bear - itswət
bug - inapu
cat - puspus
chicken - lapul
cougar, mountain lion - hayash puspus
cow - musmus
coyote - taləpəs
crow - kaka
deer - mawich
dog - kamuks
duck - kwehkweh
eagle - chakchak
elk - mulak
fish - pish
Flea - supəna inapu
frog - shwakek
goose - kəlakəlama
grasshopper - klakklak
grizzly bear - shayəm
mosquito - malakwa
orca - kakowan yaka pishak
otter - (land, river) nənamuks
otter - (sea) ilaki
owl - wahwah
pig - kushu
porpoise - kwisəo
rabbit - yutlkət kwəlan
raccoon - kalis
raven - hayash kaka
salmon - samən
seal - ulhayu
sheep - limoto
squirrel - kwiskwis
vulture - həm latet
whale - ikuli
wolf - lilu
ash tree - isik stik
acorns - kənawi
bark - stik skin
blackberries - klikəmuks
camas - lakamas
cedar tree - kanim stik or klush stik
corn - isatlh
fir - mula stik
flower - tokti tipsu or tatis
grass - iləhi tipsu
hazelnut tree - takwəla stik
maple tree - isik stik
oak tree - kəl stik or kənawi stick
pine tree - lagom stik
potato - wapətu
salal bush - salal
tree - stik
wapato - wapətu
willow tree - ina stik
beach - pulali iləhi
creek - tənəs chək
field klush - iləhi
forest - stik iləhi
hill - tənəs sahali iləhi or tənəs lamotay
lake - chək
mountain - lamotay
ocean - salt chək
opposite shore - inatay
place, land - iləhi
pond - miməlust chək
prairie - tipsu iləhi
rapids, current - skukum chək
river - stalo
salt water, sea - salt chək
seashore - nawits
stream - tənəs chək
water - chək
waterfall - təmchək or təmwata
across - inatay
away from - klak or saya kupa
below - kikwəli
east - ka san yaka chaku
from - kupa
shoreward - matlhwəli
left - kəltəs lima
nearby - wik saya
north - ka kol chaku or stopilo
on top - sahali
over there - kupa
right - klush lima or kenkiyəm
seaward - matlini
south - ka san mitlayt kupa sitkum san
towards - kupa
west - ka san klatawa or ka san klip
cloud - kosah smok
fog - iləhi kosah smok
rain - snas
sky - kosah
snow - snu or kol snas
sun - san
wind - win
one - ikt
two - makst
three - klon
four - lakit
five - kwinəm
six - taham
seven - sinəmakst
eight - stutkin
nine - kwayts
ten - tatliləm
afternoon - lah san
day - san
evening - tənəs pulakli
month - mun
morning - tənəs san
night - pulakli
noon - katsək san
sunset - klip san
tomorrow - tumala
week - santi or wiyk
yesterday - tatlki san

Addedah
Exclamation of sorrow, surprise, or pain
Ah-ha
Yes
Ahnkuttie
Formerly, before now, past
Alah
Exclamation of surprise
Alki
Presently, in a little while, future
Alta
Now, present
Amota
Strawberry
Anah
Exc. Of pain, displeasure, or depreciation
Ats
A sister, younger than the speaker
Ayahwhul
To lend, borrow
Bebe
Kiss

Bed
Bed
Bit
Dime
Bloom
Broom
Boat
Boat
Book
Book
Boston
American
By-by
By and by, someday
Callipeen
Rifle
Canim
Canoe
Capo
Coat

Chako
To come, become
Chakchak
Bald eagle
Chee
Lately, Just now, new
Chetlo
Oyster
Chetwoot
A black bear (Puget Sound)
Chickamin
Metal, money, iron
Chikchik
Car, wagon, wheeled vehicle
Chilchil/Tsiltsil
Button, star
Chitsh
Grandmother
Chope
Grandfather

Chotub
Flea
Chuck
Water, a river or stream
Chukkin
To kick
Cly
To cry
Cole
Cold, year
Comb
Comb
Cooley
To run
Coopcoop
Small shell (money)
Cosho
Hog, pork
Court
Court
Cultus
Worthless, good for nothing, without purpose
Delate
Straight, direct, true
Dly
Dry
Doctin
Doctor
Dollah
Dollar
Ekahnem
Tale, story
Ekkoli
Whale
Eena
Beaver
Elann
Aid, assistance, alms
Elip
First, before

Elite
Slave
Enati
Across
Esalth
Corn, maize
Get-up
To get up, rise
Glease
Fat, grease, oil
Hahlakl
Wide, open
Hahthaht
Duck
Hakatshum
Handkerchief, tissue
Halo
None, absent, without
Haul
To haul or pull
Heehee
Laughter or amusement
Hohhoh
Cough
Hokumelh
Gather
Hoolhool
Mouse
House
House
Howh
Turn to!, hurry!, ho!
Howkwutl
Inability, unable
Hullel
To shake
Huloima
Other, another, different
Humm
Stink, smell
Hunlkih
Curly, knotty, crooked
Huyhuy
Exchange, bargain, trade
Hwah
Exc. of surprise, admiration, earnestness
Hyak
Fast, swift, quickly, hurry, make haste
Hyas
Big, great, very, size
Hiyu
Much, many, plenty, enough
Hykwa
Large shell (money)
Ikik
Fish-hook
Ikpooie
To shut, close
Ikt
One, once, the indefinite article
Iktah
What
Iktas
Things, goods, merchandise, clothes
Illahee
Land, the ground, the earth, dirt
Inapoo
Louse
Ipsoot
To hide, keep secret
Isick
Paddle
Iskum
To take, receive, get, hold
Itlan
Fathom
Itlokum
Game, gambling
Itlwillie
Flesh, meat
Itswoot
Black bear
Kah
Where, whither, whence
Kahkah
Crow
Kahkwa
Like, similar to, equal with, as
Kahnaway
Acorn
Kahpo
An elder sibling or cousin
Kahta
How, why
Kalakala
Bird
Kalakalamah
Goose
Kalakwatie
Inner bark of cedar
Kalitan
Arrow, shot, bullet
Kamooks
Dog
Kamosuk
Beads
Kapswalla
To steal
Katsuk
Middle, center
Kaupy
Coffee
Kawak
To fly
Kawkawak
Yellow
Keekwullie
Low, below, under, beneath, down
Keepwot
Needle, pin, sting, thorn
Kehloke
Swan
Kehsu
Apron
Kehwa
Because
Keschi
Although, notwithstanding
Ketling
Kettle, can, basin
Kilitsut
Flint, glass
Killapi
To turn, return, overturn, upset
Kimtah
Behind, after, afterwards, last, since
King Chautsh
English/British
Kishkish
To drive
Kiuatan
Horse
Kiyah
Entrails, innards
Klah
Free, clear, in sight
Klahanie
Outdoors, outside, out
Klahowya
The ordinary salutation
Klahowyum
Poor, miserable, wretched, compassion
Klahwa
Slow, slowly
Klakwun
Wipe, lick
Klale
Black, dark blue
Klap
To find
Klapite
Thread, twine
Klaska
They, theirs, them
Klatawa
To go
Klawhap
Hole
Klemahun
To stab, wound, spear, hook
Klihl
Bitter
Klikamuks
Blackberries
Klikwallie
Brass, brass wire, bracelet
Kliminawhit
Lie
Klimmin
Soft, fine
Klip
Deep, sunken
Kliskwiss
Mat, rug
Klonas
Perhaps, maybe, I don't know, who knows?
Klone
Three
Klook
Crooked
Klootchman
Woman, female
Kloshe
Good, well, well enough
Kloshe-spose
Shall I, may I, should I
Klugh
To tear
Klukulh
Broad, wide
Ko
To reach, arrive at
Koko
To knock
Kokshut
To break, broken, to beat
Konaway
All, every
Koosah
Sky
Kopa
To, in at, with, towards, of, about, concerning, in that place
Kopet
To stop, end, leave off, enough
Kow
To tie, fasten
Kull
Hard, difficult
Kullaghan
Fence, corral, enclosure
Kumtux
To know, understand, be acquainted with, imagine, believe
Kunamoxt
Both, together
Kunsih
How many, when, ever
Kwanesum
Always, forever
Kwatah
Quarter
Kwaist
Nine
Kwalalkwalal
To gallop
Kwalk
Aunt
Kwann
Glad
Kwass
Fear, afraid, tame
Kwates
Sour
Kweokweo
Ring, circle
Kwelth
Proud
Kwinnum
Five
Kwish
Exclamation of refusal
Kwiskwis
Squirrel
Kwitshadie
Hare, rabbit
Kwollan
Ear
Kwulh
To hit, wound
Kwunnun
A count, numbers
Kwutl
Tight, fast, push, squeeze
Lableed
Bridle
Labooti
Bottle
Lacalat
Carrot
Lacaset
Box, trunk, chest
Lacloa
Cross
Lagh
To lean, tip, stoop, bend over
Lagome
Pitch, glue
Lagwin
Saw
Lahash
Axe, hatchet
Lalah
To cheat, trick, fool
Lalahm
Oar
Lalang
Tongue, language
Laleem
File
Laly
Time
Lamesse
The ceremony of mass
Lametsin
Medicine
Lamonti
Mountain
Lapeep
Smoking pipe
Lapehsh
Pole, post
Lapelle
Shovel, spade
Lapeosh
Hoe
Lapiege
Trap
Laplash
Board
Lapoel
Frying pan
Lapool
Chicken, foul, poultry
Lapooshet
Fork
Lasaniel
Belt, sash
Lasell
Saddle
Lashalloo
Plough
Lashandel
Candle
Lashase
Chair
Lashen
Chain
Lasiet
Plate
Lasway
Silk
Latahb
Table
Latet
Head
Latlah
Noise
Lawen
Oats
Lawest
Vest
Lazy
Lazy
Lebahdo
Shingle
Lebal
Ball
Lebiskwie
Biscuit, crackers, hard bread
Ledoo
Finger
Legley
Grey
Lejaub
The Devil
Lekleh
Key
Lekloo
Nail
Lekoo
Neck
Lekye
Spot, spotted, speckled
Leloba
Ribbon
Leloo
Wolf
Lemah
Hand, arm
Lemahto
Hammer
Lemel
Mule
Lemolo
Wild, untamed
Lemooto
Sheep, mutton
Lepee
Feet
Leplet
Priest
Lepwau
Pea
Lesak
A bag, pocket
Lesap
Egg
Leseeblo
Spurs
Leseezo
Scissors
Lesook
Sugar
Letah
Teeth
Lewhet
Whip
Lice
Rice
Liplip
To boil
Lokit
Four
Lolo
To carry, load
Lope
Rope
Lowullo
Round, whole, entirety
Lukutchee
Clams
Lum
Rum, whiskey, alcohol
Lummieh
An old woman
Mahkook
To buy, sell, trade
Mahsh
To sell, leave, throw away, remove
Mahsie
Thank you
Maika
You, your, yours (sing.)
Mahtlinnie
(In boating) Off shore, keep off! (On land) Towards the water
Mahtwillie
(In boating) In shore, keep in! (On land) Towards the woods
Malah
Dishes, tinware, crockery
Malieh
To marry
Mama
Mother
Mamook
To make, do, work
Mamooks
Deeds, actions
Man
Man, male
Melakwa
Mosquito
Melass
Molasses
Memaloose
To die, dead
Mesaika
You, your,yours (pl.)
Mesachie
Bad, wicked, evil
Mimie
Downstream
Mitass
Leggings
Mitlite
To sit, sit down, stay at, reside, remain, have
Mitwhit
To stand, stand up
Mokst
Two, twice
Moola
Mill
Moolock
Elk
Moon
Moon, month
Moosmoos
Buffalo, cattle
Moosum
Sleep
Mowitch
Deer, venison, wild animal
Muckamuck
To eat, bite, drink; food
Musket
Gun, musket
Na
The interrogative particle
Nah
Look here!, behold!
Naika
I me, my
Nanitch
To see, look, look for, seek
Nauits
Beach
Nawitka
Yes, certainly, indeed, to be sure
Nem
Name
Nenamooks
River otter
Nesaika
We, us, our
Nose
Nose, promontory
Okoke
This, that, it
Oleman
Old man, old, worn out
Olhiyu
Seal
Olallie
Berries
Olo
Hungry
Oluk
Snake
Ooskan
Cup, bowl
Opekwan
Basket
Opitlkegh
Bow
Opitsah
Knife
Opoots
Rear end, tail, backside, back
Ow
Younger brother
Pahtl
Full
Pent
Paint
Papa
Father
Paseesie
Blanket, woolen cloth
Pasiooks
French
Pe
And, but, or, then
Pechugh
Green
Pepah
Paper, a letter, any writing
Pelton
Fool, foolish, crazy
Peshak
Bad, naughty
Pewhattie
Thin
Piah
Fire, ripe, cooked
Pil
Red, orange
Pilpil
Blood
Pish
Fish
Pitlilh
Thick
Piupiu
Stink
Poh
To blow, a puff of breath
Polaklie
Night, darkness, dark
Polallie
Gunpowder, dust, san
Poo
The sound of a gun
Poolie
Rotten
Potlatch
To give; gift
Powitsh
Crab-apple
Pukpuk
Blow with the fists, fist fight
Pusspuss
Cat
Saghalie
Up,above, high
Sail
Sail, cloth, flag
Sakoleks
Pants, trousers
Sallal
Sallal berry
Salmon
Salmon
Salt
Salt
Salt chuck
The sea
Sapolil
Wheat, flour, bread
Seahhost
Face, eyes
Seahpo
Cap, hat
Self
Self
Shem
Shame
Shantie
To sing; song
Shelokum
Mirror, glass
Ship
Ship, vessel
Shoes
Shoes
Shot
Shot, lead
Shugah
Sugar
Shugh
Rattle
Shut
Shirt
Swahkuk
Frog
Siah
Far, far off
Siam
Grizzly bear
Sick
Sick
Sikhs
Friend
Sipah
Straight like a ramrod
Sitkum
Half, part
Sitlay
Stirrups
Sitshum
To swim
Siwash
Indian
Skin
Skin
Skookum
Strong, mighty
Skwakwal
Eel
Smetocks
Large clam
Smoke
Smoke, clouds, fog, steam
Snass
Rain
Soap
Soap
Solemie
Cranberry
Solleks
Anger, angry
Sopena
Jump,hop
Spooh
Faded, any light color
Spoon
Spoon
Spose
If, supposing, provided that
Stick
Tree, stick, wood, wooden
Stockn
Socks, stockings
Stoh
Loose
Stone
Rock, stone, bone, horn, testicles
Stotekin
Eight
Stuchun
Sturgeon
Sun
Sun, day
Sunday
Week, holiday
Taghum
Six
Tahlkie
Yesterday
Tahnim
To measure
Tahtlum
Ten
Talapus
Coyote
Tahmanawis
Magic, spirit, luck, fortune, anything supernatural
Tamolitsh
Tub, barrel, bucket
Tanse
Dance
Tatoosh
Breasts, milk
Tea
Tea
Teahwit
Leg
Tehteh
Trot
Tenas
Small, few, little, child, young
Tepeh
Wing, quill
Ticky
Want, wish, like, love
Tiktik
Watch, clock
Tilikum
People
Till
Tired, heavy, weight
Tintin
Bell, o'clock, musical instrument, music
T'kope
White, light-colored
Tl'kope
Cut, chop
Toh
Spitting
Toketie
Pretty
Tolo
Earn, win, gain
Toluks
Mussel
Tomolla
Tomorrow
Tot
Uncle
Toto
Shake, sift
Towagh
Bright, shining, light
Tsee
Sweet
Tseepie
To miss a mark, mistake, err, blunder
Tsiatko
Nocturnal demon, boogeyman
Tsish
Grindstone
Tsolepat
Shot-pouch
Tsolo
Wander in the dark, lose one's way
Tsugh
Crack or split
Tukamonuk
A hundred
Tukwila
Nuts, hazelnut
Tumtum
The heart, the will, opinion
Tumwata
A waterfall, cascade
Tipsin
Needle
Tupso
Grass, leaves, feathers, fur
Tyee
Chief
Tzum
Marks, colors, spots, stripes, figures
Wagh
Pour, spill, vomit
Wake
No, not
Wapato
Potato
Wash
Wash
Waum
Warm
Wayhut
Road, trail
Wawa
Talk, speak, call, ask, tell, answer, converse
Weght
Again, also, more, too
Whim
Fell, throw in wrestling
Winapie
Presently, soon, wait
Wind
Wind, breath
Yaka
He, his, him, she, it, etc.
Yahkisilth
Sharp
Yahwa
There, thither, thence, beyond
Yakso
Hair
Yakwhatin
Belly, stomach, torso, entrails
Yiem
To relate, to tell a story, to confess to a priest
Youtl
Pleased, glad, proud, spirited
Youtlkut
Long, length
Yukwa
Here, hither, this side of, this way
Above
ságh-a-lie
Absolve
mam'-ook stoh
Acorns
káh-na-way
Across
in'-a-ti
Afraid
kwass
Afterwards
kim'-ta
Again
weght
All
kon'-a-way
Alms
e'-la-han, or e-lann'
Also
weght
Although
kégh-tchie
Always
kwáh-ne-sum
Only €1/month
American
Boston
Amusement
hee'-hee
And
pee
Anger(y)
sol'-leks
Apple
le pome
Apron
kéh-su, or ki'-su
Arrive at
ko
Arrow
ka-li'-tan
As if
káh-kwa spose
At
ko'-pa
Aunt
kwal'h
Awl
shoes keep'-wot
Axe
la-hash'
Bad
me-sáh-chie; pe-shuk'
Bag
le sak
Ball
le bal
Bargain
máh-kook; húy-húy
Bark
s'ick-skin
Barrel
ta-mo'-litsh
Basket
o'-pe-kwan
Only €1/month
Beads
ka-mo'-suk
Black bear
chet'-woot
Grizzly bear
si-am'
Beat, to
kok'-shut
Beaver
ee'-na
Because
kéh-wa
Become, to
cháh-ko
Bed
bed
Before
el'-ip
Behind
kim'-ta
Only €1/month
Bell
tin'-tin
Belly
ya-kwáh-tin
Bellow
kee'-kwil-lie
Belt
la san-jel'
Berries
o'-lil-lie
Best
e'-lip closhe
Bird
kal-lak'-a-la
Biscuit
le bis'-kwee
Bitter
klihl
Black
klale
Only €1/month
Blackberries
klik'-a-muks
Blanket
pa-see'-sie
Blind
ha'-lo se-áh-host
Blood
pil-pil
Blow out
mam'-ook poh
Light blue
spo'-oh
Dark blue
klale
Blunder, to
tsee'-pie
Board
la plash
Boat
boat
Bob tailed
sis'-ki-you
Boil, to
lip'-lip
Bone
stone
Borrow, to
a-yáh-whul
Both
kun'-a-moxt
Bottle
la-boo-ti'
Bow
o'-pitl-kegh
Bowl
oos'-kan
Box
la ca-sett'
Bracelet
klik'-wal-lie
Brave
skoo'-kum tum'-tum
Bread
le pan
Break, to
kok'-shut
Breechclout
o'-poots sill
Bridle
la bleed
Bright
to-wágh
Broad
kluk-ulh'
Broom
bloom
Older brother
káhp-ho
Younger brother
káhp-ow
Brother-in-law
ek'-keh
Bucket
ta-mo'-litsh
Buffalo
moos'-moos
Bullet
ka-li'-tan
Bundle
kow
But
pe
Butter
to-toosh' la-kles'
Buttons
tsil'-tsil
Buy, to
máh-kook
By-and-by
win'-a-pie
Candel
la shan-del'
Carrot
la ca-lat'
Carry, to
lo' lo
Cart
chik'-chik
Cascade
tum' wa-ter
Cat
puss'-puss
Cataract
tum' wa-ter
Cattle
moos'-moos
Certainly
na-wit'-ka
Chain
chik'a-min lope
Chair
la shase
Cheat, to
la-láh
Chicken
la pool
Cheif
ty-ee'
Child
ten'-as
Clams
la-kwit'- chee
Large clams
smet-ocks
Clear up, to
cháh-ko klah
Cotton cloth
sail
Clouds
smoke
Coat
ca-po'
Coffee
kau'-py
Cold
cole
Comb
comb
Comb, to
mam'-ook comb
Come, to
cháh-ko
Confess, to
yi'-em
Conjuring
ta-máh-no-us
Cook, to
mam'-ook pi'-ah
Copper
pil chik'-a-min
Cord
ten'-as lope
Corn
ye-salt'h'
Corral
kul-lágh
Cotton goods
sail
Cough
hoh'-hoh
Count, to
mam'-ook kwun'-nun
Coyote
tal'-a-pus
Crab apple
pow'-itsh
Cranberry
so'-le-mie
Crazy
pel'-ton
Cream coloured
le clem
Cooked
ki'-wa
Cross
la clo-a'
Crow
káh-kah
Cry, to
cly
Cup
oos'-kan
Curly
hunl'-kih
Cut, to
tl'ko'-pe
Dance, to
tanse
Dark
po'-lak-lie
Day
sun
Dead
mem'-a-loost
Deaf
ik-poo'-ie kwil-lan
Dear
hy'-as máh-kook
Deep
klip
Deer
mow'-itsh
Demon
skoo'-kum
Devil
yaub
Different
hul-o'-i-ma
Difficult
kull
Dig, to
mam'-ook il'-la-hie
Dime
mit
Do, to
mam'-ook
Doctor
doc'-tin
Dog
kam'-ooks
Dollar
táh-la
Door
la po'te
Down stream
mi'-mie
Drink, to
muck'-a-muck
Drive, to
kish'-kish
Drunk
páht-lum
Dry
de-ly'
Mallard duck
kwéh-kweh
Dust
po'-lal-lie
Eagle
chak'-chak
Ear
kwo-lann'
Early
ten'-assun
Earn, to
to'-lo
Earth
il'-la-hie
Eat, to
muck'-a-muck
Egg
le zep'
Eight
sto'-te-kin
Elk
moo'-lock
Enclosure
kul-lágh
English
king chautsh
Englishman
king chautsh
Enough
ko-pet'
Entrails
ki-yágh
Evening
ten'-aspo'-lak-lie
Every
kon'-a-way
Exchange
húy-huy
Eyes
se-áh-host
Face
se-áh-host
Faded
spo'-oh
Falsehood
klim-in'-a-whit
Far
si-áh
Fast
hy-ak'
Fasten, to
kow
Fat
glease
Father
pa'-pa
Fathon
it'-lan
Fear
kwass
Fell, to
mam'-ook whim
Fence
kul-lágh
Fetch, to
mam'-ook cháh-ko
Fever
waum sick
Few
ten'-as
Fight, to
mam'-ooksol'-leks
Fist fight
mam'-ook puk'-puk
Figures (as calico)
tzum
File
la leem
Fill, to
mam'-ookpahtl
Find, to
klap
Fingers
le doo
Fire
o-la-pits'-ki
First
el'-ip
Fish
pish
Fish-hook
ik'-kik
Five
kwin'-num
Flea
cho'-tub
Flesh
itl'-wil-lie
Flint
kil-it'-sut
Flour
sap'-o-lill
Fly, to
ka-wak'
Fog
smoke
Food
muck'-a-muck
Fool
pel'-ton
Foolish
pel'-ton
Foot
le-pee'
Forever
kwáh-ne-sum
Forget, to
máh-lie
Fork
lapoo-shet'
Formerly
áhn-kot-tie
Four
lok'-it
Fowl
la pool
Frenchman
pa-si'-ooks
Friend
shikhs
Frog
shwáh-kuk
Fry, to
mam'-ook la po-el'
Frying-pan
la po-el'
Full
pahtl
Fundament
o'-poots
Gallop
kwa-lal'-kwa-lal'
Gather, to
ho'-ku-melh
Get, to
is'-kum
Get out
mahsh
Get up
ket-op'
Ghost
skoo'-kum
Gift
cul'-tus pot'-latch
Give, to
pot'-latch
Glad
kwann
Go, to
klat'-a-wa
God
ságh-a-lie ty-ee'
Gold
pil chik'-a-min
Good
kloshe
Good-bye
kla-how'-ya
Goods
ik'-tah
Goose
kal-ak-a-láh-ma
Grandfather
chope
Grandmother
chitsh
Grease
glease
Green
pe-chugh'
Gray
le gley
Ground
il'-la-hie
Gun
suk'-wa-lal
Hair
yak'-so
Half
sit'-kum
Hammer
le máh-to
Hand
le máh
Hand (game of)
it'-lo-kum
Handkercheif
hak'-at-shum
Hard
kull
Hare
kwit'-shad-ie
Harrow, to
mam'-ook comb il'-la-hie
Hat
se-áh-pult
Haul
haul
Hazel-nuts
tuk'-wil-la
He, his
yáh-ka
Head
la tet
Heart
tum'-tum
Heaven
ságh-il-lie il'-la-hie
Heavy
till
Help, to
mam'-ook e-lann'
Here
yuk'-wa
Hermaphrodite
bur'-dash
Hide, to
p'-soot
High
ságh-a-lie
Hit, to
kwul'h
Hoe
la pe-osh'
Hog
co'-sho
Hole
kla-whap'
Holiday
sunday
Horn
stone
Horse
kiu'-a-tan
House
house
How
káh-ta
How are you
kla-how'-ya
How many
kun'-juk
Hundred
tuk-a-mo'-nuk
Hungry
o'-lo
Hurry
hy-ak'
I
ni-ka
If
spose
In
ko'-pa
Indian
si'-wash
In shore
máht-wil-lie
Iron
chik'-a-min
It
yáh-ka
Jealous
sick tum'-tum
Jump, to
so'-pe-na
Camas root
la'-ka-mass
Kettle
ket-ling
Kick, to
chuk'-kin
Kiss, to
be'-be
Knife
o'-pit-sah
Knock, to
ko'-ko
Knotty
hunl'-kih
Know, to
kum'-tuks
Lame
klook te-áh-wit
Lamprey eel
skwak'-wa

upqwәna
basket

yakwa miɬayt
be here

chaku-shim
become ashamed
chaku-kəmtəks
become
chaku-tʰəna
become bothersome
chaku-skukum-təmtəm
become courageous
chaku-piltən
become crazy
chaku-x̣luyma
become different
chaku-mashachi
become evil
chaku-k'wan
become gentle
chaku-hayash
become important
chaku-shawash
become indian
chaku-q'wetɬ-kakwa
become inseparable
chaku-kaku-...
become like...
chaku-man
become man
chaku-hayu
become many
chaku-yutɬiɬ
become proud
chaku-kakwa
become so
chaku-dret
become true
chaku-mashachi
become wicked
lapʰusmu
bed
musum
bedding
antʰiyeɬ
bee
musmus-təmtəm
beef heart
lapotʰay
a beer
chxi
before
aləksh
beg for
mamuk tənas
beget
kʰupa-iləp
in the/from the beginning
iləp-anqati
the beginning
kʰimt'a
behind
kəmtəks-nawitka
believe
tintin
bell
k'wətʰin
belly
sax̣ali-k'wətʰin
belly up
k'wətʰin-sik
belly ache
ləsanchel
belt
kikwəli
beneath
kəmtəks-palach
benefactor
x̣ənɬq'i
bent
sitkum-ɬuchmən
berdache
ulali
berries
ulali-upq'ənəx̣
berry-basket
ulali-tʰaym
berrying season
tayi ulali-tʰaym
peak berrying season
tayi
best
best horse
tayi-kʰiyutən
ɬush-pus
best that/better for
manaqi-ɬush
best/better
bet
bet
tənəs-ɬush
a little better
chaku-ɬush
get better
pʰliye-pipa
bible
lawtish
bickerer
hayash
big
hayash-k'wətʰin
big belly
hayash-tutush
big breasts
kaku-kushu
big eater
hayash-p'uʔ
big fart
chaku-hayash
get big
hayash-latet
big head
hayash-man
big man
hayash-lapush
big mouth
hayash-hayash
big ones
hayash-pʰupʰup
big owl
hayash-luʔluʔ
big pile
hayash-snas
big rain
hayash-uyxat
big road
hayash kʰul-snas
big snow
hayash-lapush
big talker
hayash-win
big wind
manaqi-hayash (pi/pus/kʰapa)...
bigger than...
dret hayash pi...
much bigger than...
kələkələ
bird
t'ɬap-tənas
give birth
bit
a bit
tiki-məkʰmək
be going to bite
məkʰmək
to bite
t'ɬiɬ
bitter
kʰəltəs-wawa
blabber
hayu-kʰəltəs-wawa
be blabbering
ɬiʔil
black
ɬikʰəmuks
blackberries
ɬiʔil-kələkələ
blackbird
munk-ɬiʔil
blacken it
pasisi
blanket
ɬq'up uyxat
blaze a trail
munk-ɬush-təmtəm
bless
pʰaɬ-ɬush
blessed
ɬush-təmtəm
blessing
hilu-siyaxus
blind
chaku-hilu-siyaxus
go blind
pilpil
blood
pʰaɬ-pilpil
bloody
munk-pilpil
bloody it

yutskat-upʰuch
bobcat

yaxwəl
borrow

upq'ati
bow

x̣umx̣um
brains
tutush
breast
umaʔ-tutush
breastfeed

upʰuch-sil
breech-cloth

tuwax̣
mentally brilliant

upʰuch
buttocks
tsiltsil
buttons