The Magazines & Newspapers are in the Black Mirror.

Late Edition
Today, warmer, more humid, some
sunshine, thunderstorms, high 84.
Tonight, thunderstorms early, low
68. Tomorrow, partly sunny, shower
late, high 85. Weather map, Page C8.

VOL. CLXIX . . . . No. 58,713 © 2020 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 $3.00

HOW TRUMP’S IDEA

FOR PHOTO OP LED
TO HAVOC IN PARK
Barr Gave Order to Clear Peaceful Rally
as President Seethed Over Image
This article is by Peter Baker, What ensued was a burst of vio-
Maggie Haberman, Katie Rogers, lence unlike any seen in the shad-
PETER VAN AGTMAEL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES CHRISTIE HEMM KLOK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES PETER VAN AGTMAEL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES Zolan Kanno-Youngs and Katie ow of the White House in genera-
“It’s happened so many times without any “I’m tired of being “What hit me about this in particular Benner. tions. As he prepared for his sur-
repercussions for these police officers’ actions.” sick and tired.” is how incredibly blatant it was.” WASHINGTON — After a prise march to the church, Mr.
HUDAH IBRAHIM, 27, Minneapolis CANDICE ELDER, 36, Oakland, Calif. DAMARRA ATKINS, 31, Minneapolis weekend of protests that led all Trump first went before cameras
the way to his own front yard and in the Rose Garden to declare him-
forced him to briefly retreat to a self “your president of law and or-
bunker beneath the White House, der” but also “an ally of all peace-
President Trump arrived in the ful protesters,” even as peaceful
Oval Office on Monday agitated protesters just a block away and
over the television images, an- clergy members on the church pa-
noyed that anyone would think he tio were routed by smoke and
was hiding and eager for action. flash grenades and some form of
He wanted to send the military chemical spray deployed by
into American cities, an idea that shield-bearing riot officers and
provoked a heated, voices-raised mounted police.
fight among his advisers. But by After a day in which he berated
the end of the day, urged on by his “weak” governors and lectured
daughter Ivanka Trump, he came them to “dominate” the demon-
up with a more personal way of strators, the president emerged
demonstrating toughness — he
Continued on Page A16
would march across Lafayette
Square to a church damaged by
fire the night before.
The only problem: A plan devel-
oped earlier in the day to expand
MADDIE M cGARVEY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES VICTOR J. BLUE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES MADDIE M cGARVEY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES the security perimeter around the
“They can see we have a government “I’d never been affected by another one “I know what White House had not been carried
that fails to support.” like this. I watched a man die, that’s why.” the police can do.” out. When Attorney General
PRINCE SHAKUR, 25, Columbus, Ohio ERIKA ZDON, 48, Minneapolis BEN WILLIS, 28, Columbus, Ohio
William P. Barr strode out of the
White House gates for a personal
inspection early Monday evening,

‘I Knew I Had to Be a Part of It’ he discovered that protesters

were still on the northern edge of
the square. For the president to
The people giving voice to their anger are individual pieces of a movement, make it to St. John’s Church, they
DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
like drops of water to a wave. Here are some of their stories. Page A24. would have to be cleared out. Mr.
Barr gave the order to disperse President Trump and a Bible at
them. St. John’s Church on Monday.

Built for This, Violence Engulfs Both Demonstrators and Police In Shift, Wealthy City Enclaves
C.D.C. Shows Unrest Enters Day 8 —
By KIM BARKER
Become a Target of Protesters State Capitol as a Black Hawk hel-
icopter flew behind the freshly
gilded dome. National Guard
Flaws in Crisis
and CAITLIN DICKERSON
Activists Look Ahead
MINNEAPOLIS — The unrest
troops applauded, handed out wa-
ter and sometimes dropped to By EMILY BADGER
in America’s cities showed no
their knees in a show of support In the years since American cit- appeared, replaced by a vast low-
signs of fading on Tuesday as em-
battled police forces from Atlanta for the protesters. ies erupted in anger in the 1960s, wage service sector. And the gaps
This article is by Eric Lipton, Abby nited the first protests. Gov. Tim
to Los Angeles struggled to re- American troops positioned many of the conditions that fueled between the most prosperous
Goodnough, Michael D. Shear, Walz announced civil rights
claim the streets and as protesters charges against the Minneapolis military vehicles across Washing- that unrest — even with the ideas neighborhoods and those still
Megan Twohey, Apoorva Mandavilli
and Sheri Fink. debated the future of the week-old Police Department and said his ton, and a crowd of protesters at drafted to address them — have trapped in poverty grew wider
uprising. administration would investigate least twice the size of the day be- changed little. Most deeply poor and more visible.
WASHINGTON — Americans fore gathered near the White urban neighborhoods have re- This expanding urban inequal-
Police and National Guard whether there had been systemic
returning from China landed at troops continued a heavy lock- House. It shrank after the city’s 7 mained that way. Schools that for ity is now implicated in new waves
discrimination against people of
U.S. airports by the thousands in down in Minneapolis, where the color over the past 10 years. p.m. curfew, but more than 1,000 a time grew more integrated have of unrest, another source of rage,
early February, potential carriers death in police custody of George protesters remained, facing police resegregated. Aggressive polic- inseparable from race, bound up
An estimated 10,000 people
of a deadly virus who had been di- Floyd, a 46-year-old black man, ig- gathered peacefully outside the Continued on Page A18 ing has continued as a defining with all the older ones. If pro-
verted to a handful of cities for feature of urban life for young testers in the 1960s cried out from
screening by the Centers for Dis- black men. black neighborhoods that had
ease Control and Prevention. But the American city itself has seen severe disinvestment, now
Their arrival prompted a frantic changed. Or, at least, many of they are calling attention to cities
scramble by local and state offi- them have. Downtowns became a that have experienced enormous
cials to press the travelers to self- destination again for white diners investment — investment that ex-
quarantine, and to monitor and even residents. “Tech hubs” cludes them.
whether anyone fell ill. It was one arrived. Stadiums and condos In Chicago, protesters have
of the earliest tests of whether the were built. Restaurants prolifer- converged on Michigan Avenue,
public health system in the United ated. Rents rose. Decent manufac- the city’s famous strip of high-end
States could contain the conta- turing and clerical jobs all but dis- Continued on Page A23
gion.
But the effort was frustrated as
the C.D.C.’s decades-old notifica-
tion system delivered information
collected at the airports that was
riddled with duplicative records,
Biden Sees ‘a Nation Enraged,’
bad phone numbers and incom-
plete addresses. For weeks, offi-
With Trump Fanning the Flame
cials tried to track passengers us-
ing lists sent by the C.D.C., scour-
ing information about each flight By KATIE GLUECK
in separate spreadsheets. Joseph R. Biden Jr. on Tuesday trayed those demonstrating as
“It was insane,” said Dr. Sharon CHANG W. LEE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
excoriated President Trump’s “thugs.”
Balter, a director at the Los Ange- A New York police officer with a protester who was accused of looting and hit with pepper spray. stewardship of a nation convulsed With Mr. Trump determined to
les County Department of Public in crisis over racism and police cast himself as a self-described
Health. When the system went brutality, likening Mr. Trump’s “law and order” president, Mr. Bi-
offline in mid-February, briefly language to that of Southern rac- den aimed to appeal to a broader
halting the flow of passenger data,
local officials listened in disbelief
Nervous Nights in the Land of the Free-for-All ists of the 1960s while also warn-
ing Americans that “we cannot let
range of the electorate’s concerns,
pledging to address economic in-
on a conference call as the C.D.C. dreds of fraught confrontations our rage consume us.” equality and racial injustice but
responded to the possibility that played out across the country be- In his first formal speech out in also urging the nation to come to-
infected travelers might slip away.
By DAN BARRY Was That a Firecracker tween protesters and police offi- public since the coronavirus pan- gether at a moment of deep civil
“Just let them go,” two of the If one element binds the demon- cers, some devolving into violence demic shuttered the campaign unrest.
health officials recall being told. strations that have roiled the cit- or a Gunshot? in a finger snap. trail in mid-March, Mr. Biden de- “Donald Trump has turned this
The flawed effort was an early ies and towns of America for the In Atlanta, a mostly peaceful livered perhaps his closest ap- country into a battlefield riven by
revelation for some health depart- last week — beyond the full- protest march turned into a hail- proximation yet of a presidential old resentments and fresh fears,”
ments, whose confidence in the throated cry for an end to racial firing of one rubber bullet. The storm of tear-gas canisters after address to the nation. He empha- Mr. Biden said, speaking against a
C.D.C. was shaken as it confronted and social injustice — it is the spraying of one can of mace. The demonstrators toppled a fence. In sized themes of empathy and backdrop of American flags at
the most urgent public health nerve-jangling unpredictability: tossing of one lighted firecracker. Denver, a bearded young man in a unity to draw a clear contrast with Philadelphia’s City Hall. “Is this
emergency in its 74-year history the uneasy sense that everything One precipitating action. sea of protesters crumpled to the Mr. Trump, who has threatened to who we are? Is this who we want
— a pathogen that has penetrated could change in an instant. Take Sunday, for example, the ground when a projectile fired by deploy the military nationwide to to be? Is this what we want to pass
Continued on Page A8 All that has been required is the last day of a difficult May. Hun- Continued on Page A17 dominate protesters and has por- Continued on Page A19

NATIONAL A15-29 BUSINESS B1-7

‘Dry Run’ for November Rift at Facebook Over Trump

In Pennsylvania, a battleground state Facing dissent in his ranks, Mark
where millions requested mail-in bal- Zuckerberg cited freedom of speech in a
lots, both parties tested new ways to call with employees as he defended his
mobilize primary voters. PAGE A29 decision not to do anything about the
president’s inflammatory posts. PAGE B1
INTERNATIONAL A12-14 New Crisis: Low Blood Supply FOOD D1-8 SPORTSWEDNESDAY B8-9
Many Americans are venturing out of OBITUARIES B10-12
World’s Tropical Forests Shrink their homes again, but the rate of dona- Saving the Sturgeon A Closed-Door U.S. Open?
Brazil was responsible for more than a tions has yet to bounce back. PAGE A15 A taste for caviar once slashed the num-
A Powerful N.B.A. Great Proposals for staging the Grand Slam
third of the total global loss in 2019, bers of the fish in the Columbia River. Wes Unseld, a Hall of Fame center tennis event, probably without fans,
scientists reported. PAGE A14 Now it might bring them back. PAGE D1 known as a relentless rebounder, helped include adding a tournament at the site
TRACKING AN OUTBREAK A4-11 turn around the Baltimore (later Wash- to be played beforehand. PAGE B8
ington) Bullets. He was 74. PAGE B11
Few Friends Abroad for Trump Saturday Night Fever Is Back Lost in the Kitchen
After years of American unilateralism, A club in Germany found a way to bring Even toasting bread is challenging for EDITORIAL, OP-ED A30-31
European allies have stopped looking to back the disco, without a dance floor. people who haven’t been swept up in U(D54G1D)y+?!@!%!$!"
the president for leadership. PAGE A12 The partiers stay in their cars. PAGE A5 the pandemic-cooking craze. PAGE D1 Jamelle Bouie PAGE A31

Telegram: @WorldAndNews
A2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

A. G. SULZBERGER
NEWS EDITORIAL
Publisher
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Publisher 1992-2017

Inside The Times A Note to Our Readers

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The Newspaper
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CORRECTIONS A28
CROSSWORD C3
OBITUARIES B10-12
OPINION A30-31
TV LISTINGS C7
WEATHER C8
CLASSIFIED ADS B6
VICTOR J. BLUE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Demonstrators gathered on Monday at the site of the killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis.

Documenting the Voices of Protest VIDEO

View scenes of George Floyd
In a live video discussion with readers on but I never take for granted that at any protests — some peaceful, some
Tuesday, Times journalists covering the moment I could be brutalized like George violent — in New York; Washing-
protests across the country talked about Floyd, Breonna Taylor or Ahmaud Arbery.” ton, D.C.; and California.
race, what they’ve witnessed on the streets nytimes.com/video
and how they do their work. The event, How do you as reporters ensure that you
which included questions from readers, remain objective covering this event?
was moderated by Jamie Stockwell, na-
tional deputy editor, and featured Audra BURCH: I think our job here is to document
Burch, national enterprise correspondent; this. And one of the things that I do is I
John Eligon, national correspondent cover- read my stories out loud. I listen for my
ing race; and Richard Fausset, Atlanta own words, to make sure they are coming
bureau chief. Here are edited excerpts. across in the most neutral way. We have to
report precisely what we see, and some-
How do demonstrators in Minneapolis feel times what we see is racism, and we need
LIVE
about how the protests are going? to call it.
Help us solve the New York Times
JOHN ELIGON: A lot of protesters are frus- Crossword on Thursdays at 1 p.m.
How has access to all of these cellphone
trated because they said that the way E.D.T. on Wordplay’s Twitter
videos changed how you report?
police are confronting them in the protests account, @NYTimesWordplay.
only exemplifies why they need to protest. ELIGON: I think they kind of shape the Play with Deb Amlen, Wordplay
We talked about kneeling peacefully. No narrative. What made this case with columnist, and Sam Ezersky,
matter how they go about it, it just feels George Floyd so impactful was that video. associate puzzles editor, by
like the same story keeps repeating itself. I remember the initial stories where it’s putting your guesses in the
And that is why a lot of them feel that they just a man in medical distress, and then the comments.
need to continue to get out on the streets. video comes out. It helps us be responsive twitter.com/NYTimesWordplay
to what the truth is.
What brought us to this moment as a
FAUSSET: In many cases, including the
country?
Floyd case, we’ve seen videos that contra-
AUDRA BURCH: I wanted to hear these dict the official police narrative at the
voices on the ground and speak with them. beginning of an investigation. And this
Every single one of them talked about this opens up this bigger question of the mo-
idea of justice for George Floyd. But there ments in the judicial process in which
was another part to this story. That this is people perhaps are not getting justice.
part of a long line of violence against Afri-
can-Americans, that black lives don’t have Many have accused the media of paying COOKING
the value of other people’s in this nation. A attention to black communities only when Looking for some cooking inspira-
protester asked me to think about what it there is violence or crisis in them. Is there tion? The editors at NYT Cooking
must feel like to go about your day every truth to this? have collected 30 delicious dip
day, and to feel like your race is the thing recipes including cowboy caviar,
that people define you by. And it’s a part of ELIGON: One, for Audra, myself and Rich- creamy queso with pickled jal-
the American DNA. This horrific video, the ard, who know the importance of covering apeños and lemony whipped feta
allegations of police brutality and then a stories, I think that’s not true because we with charred scallions.
pandemic that has put 40 million people do — my job is to cover race. I want to nytcooking.com
out of work — when you look at all of those cover these stories, so even when this is
things together, it’s not terribly surprising not happening, I think we are covering
that we’re in this very explosive moment. those stories. Now, do they get the same

The truth
attention as when this unrest happens?
RICHARD FAUSSET: You can feel it in the
Absolutely not. I talked to different people
streets, this sense of burden upon burden.
who were protesting. They don’t condone

is worth it.
The people I’ve talked to here in Atlanta,
it, but they realize the fact that America
people kept coming back to this essential
doesn’t pay attention unless it happens.
point, which John and Audra mentioned.
Maurice Carlos Ruffin, the acclaimed writ- To watch the full discussion and read about
er, wrote on Twitter: “I have four degrees, upcoming events, go to timesevents.nytimes.com.

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MCVEIGH GUILTY ON ALL COUNTS
IN THE OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING
June 3, 1997. A federal jury found Timothy McVeigh guilty of using a truck bomb to blow
up a federal building in Oklahoma City — an explosion that killed 168 people and injured
more than 500 in April 1995. It was the worst act of terrorism on U.S. soil until the
Sept. 11, 2001 attacks. “Mr. McVeigh entered the courtroom smiling and showed no emo-
tion” as the judge read the verdict, The Times reported. Mr. McVeigh was sentenced to
death on June 13, 1997, and executed four years later.
Subscribers can browse the complete Times archives through 2002 at timesmachine.nytimes.com.

THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018-1405

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 The Magazines & Newspapers are in the Black Mirror.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A3

Of Interest
NOTEWORTHY FACTS FROM TODAY’S PAPER

The dollar value of Japanese whisky Nearly half of the hydropower

exports to America grew by nearly electricity generated in the United
50 percent in 2019 over the previous States comes from more than 270
year, according to the Distilled Spirits hydropower dams that segment the
Council of the United States. Columbia River and its tributaries.
Are Japanese Whiskies From Japan? D4 ‘Thinking Like a Sturgeon’ D1
• •
The Philippines is the only U.S. A 55-story tower on North Wacker
treaty ally bordering the South China Drive in Chicago, which is scheduled
Sea, a vital maritime shipping route. to open in August, is the tallest
Philippines Backs Off Threat to End building erected in the city since
U.S. Alliance A13 1990.
• CLAY HICKSON
An Unexpected Wrench for Big Office Projects B7
Christo’s artwork “The Gates” in •
Central Park was made from 5,390 The Metropolitan Opera, one of the
tons of steel and more than a million Publicly traded firms that employ world’s largest houses, seats an
square feet of saffron-colored vinyl. about 8.1 million people — roughly audience of nearly 4,000.
Christo’s Billowy Visions, Fleeting 26 percent of all employment at Opera Is All About the Crowd.
But Unforgettable C1 tracked publicly traded companies That’s the Problem. C3
— are all or mostly excluded from
direct government relief, based on an
analysis by researchers.
No Relief for Larger, Often Debt-Laden,
Companies B4

The Conversation Spotlight

FOUR OF THE MOST READ, SHARED AND DISCUSSED POSTS ADDITIONAL REPORTAGE AND REPARTEE
FROM ACROSS NYTIMES.COM FROM OUR JOURNALISTS

8 Minutes and 46 Seconds: How George Floyd Was Killed Peter Baker, chief White House correspondent for The Times,
In Police Custody went to a familiar location on Tuesday morning: 1600 Penn-
This visual investigation, which used security footage, wit- sylvania Avenue. But the White House looked very different
ness videos and official documents to reconstruct the killing than it would on a normal summer day, as Mr. Baker noted on
of Mr. Floyd, was again a top story on Tuesday. Twitter. Following the events of Monday night, during which a
generally peaceful crowd of protesters in Washington was
Live Updates on George Floyd Protests: dispersed with tear gas so that President Trump could have
Democrats Slam Trump’s Response his picture taken holding a Bible at a church, new re-
This live briefing covering the unrest across America was inforcements were added to the building’s perimeter.
updated throughout the day. The president’s opponents and
former military leaders condemned his response as incendi-
ary, as a country ravaged by the coronavirus and unemploy-
ment plunged further into crisis.

Six Months of Coronavirus: Here’s Some

Of What We’ve Learned
This roundup of takeaways after half a year of the novel
coronavirus — including that if everyone wears a mask, indi-
viduals protect one another; that we can’t count on warm
weather to defeat the virus; and that we have a long way to
go to fix virus testing — was the most read story not related
to the killing of George Floyd or its aftermath.

Facebook Employees Stage Virtual Walkout

To Protest Trump Posts
Hundreds of Facebook employees, who said they refused to

Tonal
work in order to show their support for demonstrators across
the country, added an automated message to their digital
profiles and email responses saying that they were out of the New fencing has been erected at the
office in a show of protest. They were frustrated with execu- north edge of Lafayette Square, adding to M E D I TAT I O N B E L L S
tives’ decision not to do anything about inflammatory posts W I T H S TO N E S
that President Trump had placed on the giant social media the sense of a fortress White House.
platform over the past week.
Peter Baker @peterbakernyt

Quote of the Day “It’s my second living room. Mine is too little. Less light, and
PARISIANS SAVOR COFFEE AND
CULTURE AS CAFES REOPEN
less beer.”
AFTER 11 WEEKS A5 MATHIEU NOGUEIRA, settling in at Les Quatre Saisons, in western Paris, after cafes and restaurants in
France were allowed to reopen, with new distancing requirements, after 11 weeks.

PA U L M O R E L L I .C OM
N YC : 8 95 M A D I S O N ( 7 2 N D & M A D I S O N )
The Mini Crossword P H L : 1118 WA L N U T S T R E E T
Here to Help
212. 5 8 5 . 42 0 0
BY JOEL FAGLIANO HOW TO PROTECT CHILDREN FROM DROWNING

1 2 3 4 The summer of 2020 is shaping up to be

anything but normal. Will camps be
5 open? What about day care? What will
kids stuck at home do all day long? With
so many families sheltering in place and
6
parents juggling work and child-care
responsibilities, drowning is probably low
7 on the list of concerns. But it’s this exact
scenario that can lead to kids being un-
supervised around water — even momen-
8
tarily — with tragic results.
Summer is high season for child
6/3/2020 EDITED BY WILL SHORTZ drownings in pools and spas, according to
the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Com-
ACROSS
mission. Nonfatal drowning injuries are
1 Leaning Tower city
even more common, sending an estimat- REBECCA MOCK
5 B, on the periodic table
6 “Not me!” ed 6,400 kids under age 15 to the emer-
gency room in 2018. year, a mom in Australia filmed her 3-year-
7 Olympics event ... or parts of the
This year, with outings to the commu- old as he climbed on top of a plastic dune
Olympics logo
nity pool, day camps and pool parties still buggy to unlock the pool gate so he and
8 Calendar box
on hold, kids cooped up at home will be his younger sister could enter.
eager to get in the water as the weather Inflatable pools may seem like great
DOWN
warms. Experts worry that parents are options during pandemic-driven stayca-
1 Speaking platforms
2 Humor that subtly mocks stretched too thin to provide the required tions, but even those portable pools can be
3 See 5-Down supervision, leading to an increase in deadly. This is particularly true with ba-
4 Bugs in “A Bug’s Life” child drownings this summer. As of mid- bies and young toddlers, who have a hard-
5 With 3-Down, nature’s answer to May, both Florida and Texas — the top er time righting themselves because of
the alarm clock two states for child drownings in pools their proportionally larger heads.
and spas — are already seeing higher Smaller pools should be emptied after
numbers than last year. use. With larger above-ground pools,
SOLUTION TO Given that children can drown in as simply removing the ladder isn’t enough.
C Y A N
PREVIOUS PUZZLE
little as one minute, the American Acad- As an additional safety measure, the
L O B E
emy of Pediatrics recommends multiple U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commis-
D O U B T
layers of protection, as outlined in its sion’s Pool Safely public education cam-
R U N E S paign recommends installing alarms on all
policy statement.
E D G Y doors from the home as an alert if a child
The top recommendation is installing
barriers to prevent kids from accessing ventures outside. LISA L. LEWIS Helping you live better.
water on their own. For pools, this means
a four-sided fence that’s at least four feet
For more tips, visit nytimes.com/parenting. No matter where you live.
high with a self-closing, self-latching gate.
Even those aren’t foolproof: Earlier this

nytimes.com/realestate

Telegram: @WorldAndNews
A4 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak
N

Coronavirus Update Where Cases Have Been Reported

As of Tuesday evening, more than 1,836,000 people across every state, plus Washington, D.C., and four U.S. territories, have tested positive for the
coronavirus, according to a New York Times database. More than 105,900 people with the virus have died in the United States.
Infections Rise in Southern States
Michigan Ends Stay-at-Home Regulation
New Zealand Prepares to Lift Last Orders Wash.
23,001
Maine
Mont. 2,377
N.D.
By JAMES BARRON 523 2,649
Vt.
As eight states and the District of Columbia held their primaries Ore. Minn.
988 N.H.
4,335 Idaho 25,518 N.Y. Mass.
on Tuesday — the biggest Election Day since the pandemic threw 4,685
2,908 377,881 101,163
off the primary calendar — it was clear once again that the S.D. Wis. Mich.
5,067 18,939 58,435 R.I.
United States was adapting to life with the coronavirus even Wyo. 15,112
amid protests over the death of George Floyd. Health officials say 910 Pa. Conn.
that life with the coronavirus means you really should be wearing Iowa 77,315 42,740
Nev. Neb. 19,956 Ind. Ohio
a mask — and if you are a medical worker, you should be wearing 36,129 36,350
N.J. Del.
8,835 14,447 161,545
a respirator mask, not a surgical mask. Utah Ill. 9,685
An analysis underwritten by the World Health Organization 123,080
10,233 W.Va. D.C. Md.
Colo.
and published in the medical journal The Lancet confirmed what 2,041 Va. 8,886 54,683
Calif. 26,563 Kan. 46,239
scientists had suspected: Surgical masks offer much less protec- 117,650 10,123 Mo. Ky.
tion against the coronavirus than respirator masks. Some experts 13,765 10,268
said the W.H.O. and the Centers for Disease Control and Preven- N.C.
Tenn.
29,978
tion should turn the finding into a recommendation that essential Okla. 24,498
Ariz.
workers like nurses and emergency responders wear N95 masks. 21,250 N.M. 6,692 Ark.
7,800 7,443 S.C.
New York officials again worried that protests over Mr. 12,415
Floyd’s death could unleash a second virus wave. Health officials Miss.
urged protesters to wear face coverings, maintain social distanc- 16,020 Ala. Ga.
La. 18,642 45,757
ing and get tested. After an 11 p.m. curfew on Monday in New Texas 40,857
York City failed to curb looting, Mayor Bill de Blasio imposed an 67,071
8 p.m.-to-5 a.m. curfew through Sunday. With the city looking Fla.
Alaska 57,439
toward the first phase of reopening on Monday, Mr. de Blasio said 496
he was “very worried” that the virus could be spread at protests.
The case counts have been dropping in New York, the epicen- Hawaii
Puerto Rico
ter of the outbreak in the United States, but they have been rising 3,935
642
in several other states, particularly near poultry processing
plants that have reported outbreaks in Alabama, Arkansas and
Mississippi. Even so, Gov. Tate Reeves of Mississippi announced
Note: The map shows the known locations of coronavirus cases by county. Circles are sized by the number of people there who have tested positive, which may
that businesses could reopen. But an executive order limited differ from where they contracted the illness. Some people who traveled overseas were taken for treatment in California, Nebraska and Texas. Puerto Rico is
them to 50 percent of their pre-pandemic capacity, and Mr. the only affected U.S. territory shown. Sources: State and local health agencies; hospitals; C.D.C. Data is as of June 2, 2020, at 5 p.m., Eastern. THE NEW YORK TIMES

Reeves did not lift social-distancing rules.

In Louisiana, Gov. John Bel Edwards said the state would
advance to the second, less restrictive phase of its reopening
schedule on Friday, Restaurants, stores and other businesses that
have been operating at 25 percent of capacity can increase to 50 NEW YORK CITY
percent. But Mayor LaToya Cantrell of New Orleans said on
Twitter that the city would remain in Phase 1. “As we have said
throughout this pandemic: we are watching the data, not the
date,” she said.
For a Lockdown Snapshot, Look Into the Trash
In Michigan, Gov. Gretchen Whitmer lifted a statewide stay- This article is by Anne Barnard, where trash is up 5.6 percent, pa-
at-home order that triggered protests at the State Capitol in Azi Paybarah and Jacob Meschke. per and cardboard volume is up 19
Lansing last month. She said that groups of fewer than 100 peo- More than two months into a co- percent. (The district also leads
ple could now gather, and that restaurants could reopen if their ronavirus lockdown, evidence of the city with a 48 percent increase
tables were at least six feet apart. how home confinement has in metal, glass and plastic.)
California’s coronavirus caseload has been driven up by an changed New York City’s behav- At Parker Towers, a large apart-
ior is coming out in the trash. ment complex in Forest Hills,
outbreak at a state prison in Avenal, in the central part of the
New Yorkers are drinking Queens, Anthony Davis, a
state. But California’s highest infection rate is in Imperial County, concierge, said that in normal
more, opening more cans of toma-
along the Mexican border, where one in every 82 residents has times, 40 to 60 packages were de-
to sauce and using more plastic
contracted the virus. containers. They also seem to be livered each day. Now, more than
ordering more boxed deliveries 200 packages come in, he said,
New Coronavirus Cases Announced Daily in U.S. and clearing out old junk. and going out is “a very, very large
So say a mix of city data and the amount of cardboard,” similar to
As of Tuesday evening, more than 1,836,000 people across every
people who get an unvarnished what he sees around Christmas.
state, plus Washington, D.C., and four U.S. territories, have tested
look at what goes in the garbage: “Every day is a holiday,” Mr. Da-
positive for the virus, according to a New York Times database. vis said.
building superintendents and
porters. Data aside, garbage handlers
Residents across the city are re- are drawing their own conclu-
30,000 sions about what New Yorkers are
cycling more glass, metal and
plastic than before the pandemic. up to behind closed doors.
New cases
With people doing most of their Some appear to be spring clean-
20,000 eating and drinking at home, the ing, said Harry Nespoli, president
volume of those items increased of the union representing city san-
7-day 27 percent citywide over the April itation workers.
average
average from 2015 to 2019. “Home equipment stuff, a
10,000 The sharpest rise has been in bench they have downstairs,” Mr.
the amount of glass in recycling Nespoli said. “The old TVs with
bins, especially clear glass, which the wood around them. They had
hit a record high in May, according these things in the basement for
to data from Sims Municipal Recy- 100 years, and they’re putting
March 1 June 2 cling, the company that sorts the them out.”
Note: Tuesday’s total is incomplete because some states report cases items. He said his analysis came from
after press time. Data is as of June 2, 2020, at 5 p.m., Eastern. “Wine, vodka, whiskey,” said conversations with sanitation
Sources: State and local health agencies; hospitals; C.D.C. THE NEW YORK TIMES
workers, as well as personal expe-
Claudio Garcia, a building super-
intendent in Midtown Manhattan rience: He and his wife recently
who says he carries out at least decluttered their home.
Signs of Life Returning to Normal triple the number of bottles as he Mr. Nespoli also said it ap-
Parisians could once again order a petit noir at a favorite cafe did before the lockdown. “That’s peared that more people were gar-
PHOTOGRAPHS BY OK M cCAUSLAND FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
on Tuesday, but not inside, at the bar. With Paris still classified as what I see more often.” dening, because “all of a sudden,
As stay-at-home orders are Clockwise from top: Taking out the trash at a building in there’s dirt in the bottom of the
a high-risk zone, cafes were limited to serving outside, with table
eventually lifted, scholars of con- Williamsburg, Brooklyn; collecting in the West Village; recycla- garbage.”
distancing — the tables had to be at least three feet apart. Sitting
sumption habits hope to gather bles, especially alcohol containers, have increased sharply. “If you’re turning the dirt,
at a table outside the Palais Royal, Michel Wattebault, a retired you’re going to find some rocks,”
data on how shutdowns affect peo-
employee of the Bank of France, called the reopening of the cafes ple’s use of resources and impact he said. “You’re not going to keep
“obviously the most important turning point for returning to true est areas, where people are more strain the department’s budget.
on the environment. the rocks. You’re going to throw
likely to hold essential jobs and “When garbage cans are over-
Parisian life.” “The lifestyle shifts taking them in the pail and at the end of
less likely to have the means to flowing on every corner in a few
New Zealand, which clamped down early, also moved even place by force, these accidental leave. For instance, Morrisania in the day, you put them in the
months, suddenly everyone will
closer to life as it was before the pandemic. After 11 days with no experiments happening across the South Bronx saw a 5.6 percent garbage.”
care,” said Justin Brannan, a City
new cases, New Zealand prepared to lift the last of its restrictions the world, we can study them and increase in trash. Council member in Brooklyn. But in many places, the clank-
see the effects and the lessons,” Some higher-income neighbor- Mr. Brannan added that he had ing in the bins is not from rocks.
— “if and only if there are no further unexpected cases over the
said Aniruddha Dasgupta, global hoods with single-family homes — received “lamenting emails” from “What I see different is all the
coming days,” Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said. “Our strategy
director of the World Resource In- where people have yards and gar- constituents since the elimination empty bottles of alcohol,” said Mr.
of going hard and early has paid off, in some cases beyond expec- Garcia, the Manhattan superin-
stitute’s Ross Center for Sustain- dens to escape to and basements in early May of curbside pickup of
tation and what modeling and data had predicted,” she said. able Cities. tendent.
to tidy — also saw increases, like organic waste like food scraps and
Assuming the trends hold, physical distancing will no longer be “Sociologists are just sharp- He said he used to put out three
Tottenville in Staten Island, where garden refuse.
mandated and large gatherings will no longer be banned. To keep ening their pencils right now to do trash volume was up 5.8 percent. The recycling of organic waste to four large bags of wine and spir-
the virus from flaring anew, foreigners will still be barred from this study,” Mr. Dasgupta added. Regardless of volume, there is was already dropping before the its bottles at each of the four small
entering the country, and New Zealanders returning from over- New York City Department of new strain on the nation’s largest program ended. Citywide, three- buildings he works in. Now he es-
seas will still be required to spend two weeks in isolation moni- Sanitation officials, tasked with city sanitation department and its quarters of community districts timates his buildings, and others
tored by the government. collecting the city’s residential essential workers. with compost pickup recycled less around them, generate about 10
trash, say more analysis of waste Of the city’s 10,000 sanitation organic waste this past April com- bags each.
Spain’s Health Ministry recorded no coronavirus deaths for a
is needed over a longer period be- employees, 628 have tested pos- pared with April 2019. A third of On the bright side, Mr. Garcia
second day in a row on Tuesday. Monday was the first day since said, more empty bottles has not
fore drawing conclusions on how itive for the coronavirus, a spokes- those 26 districts saw declines of
March with no reported deaths. But a different figure released on it compares with the garbage of meant louder partying.
woman for the agency said. Seven over 25 percent.
Tuesday was troubling: There were 137 new cases between Mon- previous years. But analysis of have died from confirmed cases of In Mott Haven, a neighborhood “They’re just having a very qui-
day and Tuesday, compared with 71 on Sunday and Monday. April’s garbage data offers some Covid-19, the disease caused by in the Bronx that is one of the et life,” he said. “They don’t bother
Madrid accounted for more than half of the new cases, with 73. initial clues. the virus, and another six from poorest districts, the difference me.”
Italy had 200 new cases on Monday, down from 333 on Sun- Some of the shifts are counter- presumed cases. was staggering. Trash collected in As New Yorkers stay home
day and a small fraction of its single-day peak of more than 6,557 intuitive. Even though more peo- “There’s no way to pick up April across the two years de- from work, trash from office build-
on March 21. But on Italian trains, “tutti a bordo” — “all aboard” ple are staying home all day, the garbage from home,” the sanita- clined by only 3.6 percent, but or- ings and businesses, which is col-
total residential garbage collected tion commissioner, Kathryn Gar- ganic waste collected declined by lected by private carting compa-
— does not include passengers with low-grade fevers. The Trans-
has dropped in all boroughs ex- cia, said. “How critical D.S.N.Y. 63 percent. nies, has predictably plummeted.
port Ministry began taking passengers’ temperatures on Tuesday cept Staten Island. One reason is City figures show it dropped by 75
uniformed services are becomes The numbers also suggest that
and barring those with readings above 37.5 degrees Celsius (99.5 that, as cellphone data shows, very clear at moments like this.” neighborhoods where fewer peo- percent less than two weeks into
degrees Fahrenheit). some residents — especially in The department has been jug- ple have fled the city are relying the lockdown.
South Korea reported 38 new cases, all but one in the Seoul wealthy, dense neighborhoods — gling shifts, cleaning trucks and more on cardboard-box deliver- Mr. Davis, the Queens
metropolitan area. In Japan, almost the same number of cases — fled the city for country homes. streamlining procedures at dis- ies. concierge, thinks people are mak-
34 — prompted the governor of Tokyo, Yuriko Koike, to issue an Garbage plummeted 22 percent in patch centers to reduce employ- Recycling of cardboard and pa- ing room for home offices by
alert. Tuesday’s case count was a jump from the handful of cases Manhattan; in affluent Greenwich ees’ exposure to one another and per has dropped in many wealthi- throwing out bulky items.
reported each day as May was ending. But the alert was mainly Village, volume was down 35 per- the public. er areas and increased in many “Somebody actually gave me
cent. Some New Yorkers have left poorer ones. But in some areas three guitars,” he said. “A lady
advisory. Ms. Koike did not bring back restrictions that were
The largest increases took notes thanking their trash col- where regular trash has increased threw out a piano.”
relaxed when the state of emergency ended. place in some of New York’s poor- One resident, he added, got rid
lectors. — suggesting people are still at
But there have been sporadic home — paper-product recycling of a life-size zebra statue.
Coronavirus Update wraps up the day’s developments with infor- Elaine Chen contributed report- pickup delays, which could wors- has increased by even more. “It didn’t look like it fit in the ele-
mation from across the virus report. ing. en as the pandemic continues to For instance, in Morrisania, vator,” he said.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A5

Tracking an Outbreak Taste of Normalcy

FRANCE ing. The Café du Centre was open,

but Paulo Vieira, the manager,

Parisians Savor Coffee

was busy counting up what was
missing.
“Having to shut down for so
long, it’s been a huge economic

And Culture as Cafes loss,” he said. The cafe has had to

furlough one third of its employ-
ees, and has lost about 600,000 eu-
ros in revenue, or about $670,000.

Reopen After 11 Weeks Mr. Vieira said that he had halved

the number of tables available on
his outdoor terrace.
By ADAM NOSSITER rately. They could be convivial “We are going to have to mud-
PARIS — Nothing during the 11- without getting too close to one dle along for a bit” before things
week coronavirus lockdown could another, a French ideal. They return to normal, said Vincent
replace the ritual: a table in the could be in roughly the same Bielhy, the manager at Chinchin,
sun with a tiny cup of black coffee space together, without ever hav- next to the Parc Montsouris, in
on it. On Tuesday, Parisians redis- ing to talk to one another (only southern Paris. The clientele was
covered their favorite moment of tourists talk across neighboring still sparse: fewer than half a doz-
sociability — coming together, tables to strangers, a strict Pari- en people.
while remaining apart. sian no-no). They could linger for In provincial France, the cafe is
Cafes throughout France were hours if they needed to: the essen- dying. Some 7,000 close each
allowed to reopen and the relief tial difference between the French year; in 1960 there were some
was universal, if dispersed. cafe and its trans-Atlantic cousin. 600,000 cafes in France; now the
Many kept tables resolutely On a brilliant spring day, the figure is around 30,000.
piled indoors. In Paris, still offi- moment could be savored, even if In Paris, though, they are vital
cially classified as a virus risk with reserve, restraint and logic. to the city, places where people go
zone, cafes were not allowed to “It’s obviously the most impor- MARTIN BUREAU/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES to read, study and flirt. The poet
serve inside. No downing the petit tant turning point for returning to Enjoying the terrace at the Café de Flore in Paris, on Tuesday, as restaurants reopened in France. Verlaine drew dissipated inspira-
noir — the little cup of coffee — at true Parisian life,” said Michel tion from Le Procope, Apollinaire
the bar. On the outdoor terraces Wattebault. and Jean-Paul Sartre from Flore,
planning to find another outdoor lease after weeks of being cooped tables with the required distanc-
that did open, tables had to be A retired employee of the Hemingway from La Closeries
terrace at noon, for lunch. It was up and cut off — from customers, ing. He was beaming as he ferried
three feet apart. And they were nearby Bank of France, he was sit- only about an hour away. cash and commerce. At L’Avant- out round trays of steaming ‘‘ex- des Lilas. All of them are still in ex-
not overflowing with customers. ting at one of the handful of out- “It is a super pleasure,” said Mr. Première, Sébastien Fumel was in press’’ to the customers basking istence.
This liberation is too new. door tables at L’Avant-Première, Kazemi, smiling. “I’ve been wait- no doubt that the moment was in the sunshine, and could barely On Tuesday, Julie Cholley, 20, a
Still, Tuesday brought a wel- just behind the Palais Royal. ing for this moment.” long overdue. stop to talk. student wearing earbuds and sun-
come hint of the life before. From “We’ve been waiting for this mo- The relief Tuesday was all the “Oh, yeah, it was necessary,” he “This does me such good! Two glasses, had her math books and
luxurious carriage-trade estab- ment with impatience,” said his greater as Parisians, cooped up in said. “Mental reasons. Personal months sitting at home, doing her scribbled equations strewn in
lishments like the mirrored Left friend, Amélie Juste-Thomas, a small apartments, are used to reasons. Professional reasons. nothing!” he said. front of her at Chinchin. “So nice,”
Bank Café de Flore to everybody’s translator. treating cafes as an extended liv- Human reasons. Just a mix of The area around Les Halles — she said. “That we were deprived
grimy neighborhood “zinc” (argot It helped that, with the total ab- ing space, a release they have things, you know? This is all about the old Paris market, gone for a of it makes it all the more desir-
for bar), Paris reconnected Tues- sence of tourists, the street was as been deprived of for nearly three the human. About exchanging,” half-century — is normally able.”
day with a key element of its ur- “quiet as a Sunday in August,” Ms. months. said Mr. Fumel, as he tended to a buzzing with cafes, tables, On Rue Montorgueil, the cafe as
ban life. Juste-Thomas said. “It’s my second living room,” customer’s demand for an ‘‘ex- customers and activity. It was qui- a source of inspiration was on the
Parisians could once again sit Behind them, lingering over his said Mathieu Nogueira, settling in press,’’ or espresso. et Tuesday. The reopening was mind of Jean-Claude Haag, set-
down with one another, sepa- coffee in the sunshine, sat a cura- at last at Les Quatre Saisons, in At the delightful, wood-paneled muted, as if the shock of such a tling in Tuesday morning at the
tor from the grand establishment western Paris. “Mine is too little. Bar du Moulin, in the nearby long closure had not worn off yet. Bianco. “Ideas, projects were
Constant Meheut, Theophile across the Rue des Petits- Less light, and less beer,” he said. Place des Petits-Pères, the man- On the Rue Montorgueil, own- born on these terraces,” Mr. Haag
Larcher and Aurelien Breeden con- Champs, the National Heritage Café owners and managers ager, Alex Cardao, had taken over ers and managers were still set- said. “Paris without its terraces
tributed reporting. Institute. Farhad Kazemi was spoke Tuesday of a moment of re- the tiny side street, setting down ting up their tables Tuesday morn- would not be Paris.”

EUROPE DISPATCH
Around
From Car to Car, the Beat Goes On at a German Drive-In Disco The World
By PATRICK KINGSLEY
SCHÜTTORF, Germany — At $126 MILLION EFFORT
his first gig in more than three
months, Dopebwoy, a Dutch rap- Wuhan Ends Testing
per, climbed the stairs to the stage,
turned to the right, and stared out
Of Local Residents
at the crowd. The Chinese city of Wuhan, where
Before him was a sea of cars. the virus first emerged, has com-
“Germany!” shouted Michael pleted a sweeping push to test
Jalink, Dopebwoy’s master of cer- almost all of its 11 million resi-
emonies. “Are you ready for dents in the span of a few weeks,
Dopebwoy?” Chinese officials said on Tuesday.
And the cars honked back. Officials said nearly 9.9 million
Beyond cinema, the drive-in people were tested during the
format never historically found a drive, which began in mid-May
place within live-event culture. and has not been matched in
But amid a pandemic, its time has scale or speed elsewhere. (Chil-
perhaps come. dren and those who had recently
Across Europe, pastors have been tested were exempt.) It
set up drive-in churches, and pro- revealed no new symptomatic
moters have set up drive-in con- infections and about 300 asymp-
certs and drive-in plays, turning tomatic infections.
to the format as a means of host- The testing cost 900 million
ing events while easily keeping
renminbi, or $126 million, which
audience members apart. In an
would be paid for by the govern-
era of social distancing, it turns
ment, said Hu Yabo, Wuhan’s
out there are few better distancing
devices than a car door. executive deputy mayor. It was
Few have embraced this drive- conducted in batches to save time
in concept as avidly as the owners and money.
of Index, a family-run nightclub in Some medical experts had
Schüttorf, a small German town questioned the need for such
just east of the Dutch border, widespread testing in a city
where Dopebwoy played last Fri- where new cases were already
day. low; some residents had balked at
Index has been one of the pio- being tested, for fear of infections
neers of the lockdown drive-in, spreading at crowded testing
sites.
“Through this screening, we
PHOTOGRAPHS BY LAETITIA VANCON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES have restored the entire country’s
No drinks or dancing, In the parking lot of Index, a club near the Dutch-German bor- peace of mind,” Mr. Hu said.
The city also said on Tuesday
but flirting is der, two revelers chatted after meeting at the drive-in disco held
that it had no new symptomatic
there every weekend. Dopebwoy, a Dutch rapper, performed his
definitely possible. first gig in over three months, since the start of the lockdown. or asymptomatic infections for
the second consecutive day, a
major milestone for the city.
To get into the spirit, many had dex to close in March, it was the
holding what it has branded a adapted their cars for the occa- club’s first pause in operations
drive-in disco every weekend sion. Some of the Dutch had put since the Bösch family opened its
W.H.O. ANALYSIS
since early May. Revelers arrive police lights on top of their car doors more than 30 years ago.
at the club in their cars, park in the roofs. “My wife loves my new job,” Mr. Respirators Outperform
adjacent lot and then stay behind Anna Kollak, a 26-year-old driv- Bösch said of his role as a drive-in
their wheels to listen to D.J.s and ing instructor from Bielefeld, Ger- disco pioneer. “Now I’m home at 1 Surgical and Cloth Masks
watch performers like Dopebwoy. many, finished her lessons for the a.m., not 8 a.m.” A new analysis of 172 studies,
The events have proved sur- day before driving to the club in For his D.J.s, the drive-in expe- funded by the World Health Orga-
prisingly popular, despite lacking the same car she teaches in. She rience was initially daunting, but nization, confirms what scientists
most of the physical experiences had brought confetti and glow ultimately refreshing. have said for months: N95 and
generally deemed essential to a sticks, and covered the roof with On a normal dance floor, a D.J.
other respirator masks are far
twinkling Christmas lights. can alter the set depending on the
successful club night. It’s a good superior to surgical or cloth
thing, too, because nightclubs like But the car door still read: reactions of the dancers, said
“Driving School.” VYT, one of Index’s resident D.J.s. masks in protecting essential
Index are not expecting to reopen medical workers against the
“It is a bit crazy,” Ms. Kollak At the drive-in, however, it’s hard-
their dance floors until 2021. coronavirus.
conceded. “Tomorrow, I will have er to gauge people’s taste.
“This feels like Saturday Netherlands and Germany has the sky is still bright. The music The results, published on Mon-
another lesson and there will be Still, the drive-in has its advan-
again!” said Ronan Zwaagstra, a been less tightly regulated than ends at midnight, so as not to an- day in The Lancet, make it clear
confetti everywhere.” tages, he said. At a regular club, it
19-year-old student attending other European borders during noy the neighbors. The only time that the W.H.O. and the Centers
Eccentric though it is, the drive- takes hours for guests to warm up.
Dopebwoy’s show in his hatch- the pandemic.) guests can enter the club itself is for Disease Control and Preven-
in disco is just the latest bold en- “But here, when they drive in,
back. This isn’t the kind of drive-in to go to the bathroom — and even deavor by the owners of Index. they’re already hyped up,” said tion should recommend that
Then he paused. where lovers go to find privacy. then, they must wear masks to Founded in 1988 by Holger VYT, known outside the music essential workers like nurses and
“But without the drinking.” Staff members wander the aisles satisfy German law. Bösch and his two brothers, the business as Veit Engelker. emergency responders wear N95
Another pause. between the cars, and the cars At all other times, they have to club itself was initially an outland- The drive-in disco is neverthe- masks, not just surgical masks,
“Or the dancing.” themselves are parked close to- stay put in their cars in the park- ish idea. They built Index from less not to everyone’s taste. At the experts said.
Yet these were just minor con- gether. ing lot. The passengers can drink scratch in an empty field outside back, it was difficult to see the N95 masks offered 96 percent
cerns for Mr. Zwaagstra, a Dutch- But can people still flirt in a alcohol, but they’ve got to bring it the small and otherwise unre- stage. And after three hours, sit- protection, the analysis found,
man who was here for the second disco without a dance floor? themselves. If they want to dance, markable town, hoping it might ting in a car becomes uncomfort-
while the figure for surgical
weekend running. “Yes,” said Jenny Kollak, 24, a they must settle for wriggling in attract visitors living farther able.
He likes the drive-in club expe- bank manager attending with her masks was 77 percent.
their seats. afield by hosting all-night raves. ”My legs are hurting,” said
rience so much that he drives sister, Anna. “Oh yes.” Yet over 100 cars attended Denise Schut, a 27-year-old day The new analysis also suggests
Their hunch paid off. Over the
nearly 60 miles to attend — and People write their numbers on Dopebwoy’s gig, with a driver and next three decades, Index became care worker who said she would- that covering the eyes with face
crosses a national border in the balloons, and hold them up to peo- one passenger paying about $35 a destination venue, hosting inter- n’t be returning. “And my back.” shields, goggles and glasses may
process. (Travel between the ple in nearby cars. for the privilege (extra occupants national artists like Snoop Dogg But artists like Dopebwoy are provide additional safeguards for
Or, said Ms. Kollak: “We scream are $15 each). Several were there and Sean Paul, and allowing the steeling themselves for months of health care workers and people in
Patrick Kingsley, an international at them. They scream at us.” for the second or third time, like brothers to expand the club. honking and revving engines as the community.
correspondent, and Laetitia “Then,” she added, “you meet Mr. Zwaagstra and the Kollak sis- Now it has six dance floors, a they await reopening for night- The report is among the first to
Vancon, a photojournalist, are them in the toilet.” ters. climbing wall, a swimming pool clubs. lay out evidence specific to coro-
driving more than 3,700 miles to Truth be told, the drive-in disco And dozens had driven for over and Mr. Bösch’s pride and joy — a “There will be a lot of these car naviruses, rather than extrapolat-
explore the reopening of the Euro- feels more like a music festival an hour to be there, including sev- vast room built of ice, complete shows,” said Dopebwoy, whose ing from data on other respiratory
pean continent after coronavirus than a club night. eral carloads from the Nether- with its own bobsled run. real name is Jordan Jacott. viruses.
lockdowns. Guests arrive at 9 p.m., when lands. When the pandemic forced In- “We better get used to it.”
A6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak Global Response

XENOPHOBIA
Around
Black Americans in China Face Rising Discrimination The U.S.
By ELIZABETH WILLIAMSON days, she said.
and VIVIAN WANG “It was like prison,” she said. “I ENTRANCE EXAMS
Jeff Remmington, an American called the U.S. Consulate. I called
professional basketball player the company I work for. I called College Board Postpones
my U.S. representative too, to see
trying his hand in China, said had
what they can do to get me out.
Use of an Online SAT
already been through xenophobic
hell: ostracized in Guangzhou, They kept telling me ‘you have to The College Board said on Tues-
where he was once celebrated for follow Chinese law, there’s noth- day that it would postpone plans
his acrobatic dunks; denied serv- ing that we can do.’ ” to offer an online version of the
ice at a restaurant with his 4-year- While she was confined, some- SAT for high school students to
old son because of his skin color; one released her personal data take at home this year, further
and quarantined for two weeks, and the false information that she muddying a ritual of the college
though he showed no signs of co- had the virus to online WeChat application process that had
ronavirus infection. groups in Guangzhou, including already been thrown into chaos
But the breaking point came in one for residents of her apartment
by the pandemic.
May when he tried to find a new building.
After canceling test dates this
apartment. He had finally found a “They had my passport num-
ber, my full name, my telephone spring, the board announced in
landlord who would rent to a “for- mid-April that it was developing a
eigner,” signed a lease, and was number, my full address, the place
where I worked and the address,” digital version of the SAT to be
preparing to move when neigh-
borhood officials stepped in. the American said. “Literally, introduced if the pandemic contin-
“Good evening, fellow neigh- someone could have come knock ued to require social distancing in
bors!” read a message that circu- on my door.” the fall, which would make it hard
lated in a neighborhood WeChat The woman’s teaching assistant to provide enough testing dates
group, according to screenshots was contacted by the parent of a and centers.
reviewed by The New York Times. Disney English student who had But in its latest statement, the
A real estate agency has “intro- seen the message, asking whether board said the technological chal-
duced an African family to rent in it was true she had Covid-19. An in- lenges of developing an online
our neighborhood. Is money more vestigation by the U.S. Consulate examination that all students
important than lives?” It contin- in Guangzhou suggested a Chi- could take had led to the decision
ued, “African people are a high- nese government employee had to drop it.
risk group, and Guangzhou people released the information, she said.
“Taking it would require three
are all not renting to them. But in Disney said it began an internal
investigation that confirmed the hours of uninterrupted, video-
our neighborhood, some people
leak did not come from within the quality internet for each student,
see money and get wide-eyed.”
company, and advised an employ- which can’t be guaranteed for all,”
“I kind of broke down,” said Mr.
ee to report the breach to the con- the board said, adding that it
Remmington, 32, whose trash-
talk moniker “the Black Angel of sulate. The consulate declined to would continue to deliver an
Death” has received new meaning comment for the record. online version of the SAT at some
with his experiences. “I was going The woman said David Roberts, schools, but would not “introduce
to be homeless.” general manager of Disney Eng- the stress that could result from
When reports of race-based lish in China, stayed in close extended at-home testing in an
scapegoating first emerged last touch, offering to pay for her flight already disrupted admissions
month in Guangzhou, a manufac- home once the authorities there season.”
turing hub where many Africans released her.
live, African ambassadors de- But Disney has no control over
manded China’s Foreign Ministry Chinese government actions.
GERMAN SHEPHERD
order the immediate “cessation of After her release on April 28,
forceful testing, quarantine and her apartment building manager Pet Dog Tests Positive
other inhuman treatments meted warned her to “stay low, because
out to Africans.” Nigeria, Kenya people are scared,” telling her to For First Time in U.S.
and Ghana summoned Chinese walk her dog on the roof. She has
chosen to remain in China, she A pet dog has been tested and
diplomats to protest, and Nigeria
organized evacuation flights from said, because her family in Dela- confirmed positive for the coro-
Guangzhou. ware cannot accommodate her navirus for the first time in the
Mistreatment of black Ameri- quarantine, and she wants to keep United States, the Department of
cans has received a far more her job at Disney. Agriculture said on Tuesday.
muted response. On April 13, the “Even though there’s a high de- Since the outbreak of the pan-
State Department sent Ameri- mand for English teachers here demic, there have been confirmed
cans an advisory noting that the because a lot of them have left the infections in the United States of a
police had specifically ordered country, other schools aren’t hir- tiger, a lion and two pet cats. Two
bars and restaurants not to serve ing anyone who has brown skin,” dogs tested positive in Hong
people who appear to be of African she said. Kong, but there had been no
origin and advising African- Guangzhou authorities issued confirmed dog infections in the
Americans to avoid Guangzhou. new anti-discrimination guide- United States.
The U.S. government has not or- lines on May 2, requiring hotels,
The dog, a German shepherd in
ganized flights for Americans to landlords and taxi drivers to serve
New York, is expected to recover.
leave China since the early days of people of all nationalities.
The African-American woman There was a false alarm in
the coronavirus outbreak; it in-
stead offers to loan them the who contacted Professor Spencer April, when a low amount of the
money for a commercial flight. said in an interview that she was virus was detected in the saliva of
CGTN, a Chinese state-run released from the quarantine ho- Winston, a pug in North Carolina.
broadcaster, estimated that of tel in late April. When she re- But the U.S.D.A. laboratory per-
nearly 31,000 foreigners living in turned to her apartment, she said, formed its own tests on Winston
Guangzhou, the third-largest pop- Chinese residents ran away from and released the results on May
ulation comes from the United her. 27. “No virus was isolated, and
States, and that about 15 percent “As we receive reports of Amer- there was no evidence of an im-
of the total number — 4,553 — ican citizens in centralized quar- mune response,” said Joelle Hay-
come from African nations. antine, we contact each of them to den, a U.S.D.A. spokeswoman.
The State Department spokes- ascertain their conditions and of- This time, the German shep-
woman Morgan Ortagus, refer- fer assistance,” Ms. Ortagus said herd in New York tested positive
ring to the People’s Republic of ALEX PLAVEVSKI/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK in a statement. “We have received at the U.S.D.A.’s National Veteri-
China, said, “The Department of Top, Jeff Remmington, a professional basketball player in China, and his son. They have been un- calls from African-Americans re-
nary Services Laboratories.
State condemns racism in the able to leave Guangzhou, above, where many Africans and black Americans are experiencing mis- porting other discriminatory acts.
Although we cannot provide infor- One of the dog’s owners has
strongest possible terms, and has treatment. Mr. Remmington was denied restaurant service and has been ostracized by neighbors.
raised the issue directly and at mation on individual cases, we tested positive for coronavirus,
high levels with P.R.C. authori- take these all of these reports very and the dog had showed some
ties.” The department declined to “It didn’t feel like they were said, she had gotten sick from eat- “For us to have to move on this seriously.” signs of respiratory illness, the
say what, if anything, Beijing did fighting for us,” the teacher, who is ing rotten fruit and was terrified level to save African-American Mr. Remmington has lived in U.S.D.A. said. That prompted
in response. 34, said in an interview. “We saw she would be hospitalized against people makes me sad,” Professor China on and off to play basketball testing at a private veterinary
“African-Americans in Guang- other countries’ governments her will. Spencer said in an interview. “We for the past two years. He brought facility, and the presumptive
zhou are collateral damage of a talking to China and trying to re- “We need the world to know shouldn’t have to do this. We’re his son for the first time when he positive results were reported to
policy implemented to target Afri- solve this, but not ours.” what is happening here,” she told dealing with people’s lives and returned in January, and he had government officials.
cans, in which Chinese don’t check About the same time the wom- Professor Spencer. safety and their health.” intended to leave in March. But
your visa, just the color of your an in the hospital was appealing Professor Spencer and Jarvis The two women interviewed by when the pandemic hit, he found
skin,” said Yaqiu Wang, a China re- for help, Zoe Spencer, a sociology Bailey, a pastor, contacted the of- The Times work for Disney Eng- himself trapped.
professor at Virginia State Uni- lish in Guangzhou. After one Dis- WEST POINT
searcher at Human Rights Watch. By April, cases in Guangzhou
“In a bigger context, the Chinese versity and a human-rights activ- ney employee tested positive last had ebbed. But news of five in- 15 Cadets Test Positive
perceive Africans doing business ist, received a message from a dif- month for the coronavirus, con- fected Nigerians prompted a fresh
in China as ripping off the state,
not paying taxes and overstaying
ferent African-American woman,
whom Professor Spencer knew
‘We need the world tact tracing led to the quarantine
of 43 employees, including 23 Chi-
panic, specifically against black
people.
Ahead of Graduation
their visas.” when she was a student at the his-
torically black university in Pe-
to know what is nese and 20 foreign employees, a
Disney spokeswoman said. Four
When Mr. Remmington found
At least 15 of the graduating
cadets who returned to West
By waging a sweeping anticoro- himself barred from his neighbor-
navirus campaign against dark- tersburg, Va. happening here.’ employees tested positive and hood complex, he sneaked back in, Point ahead of President Trump’s
skinned people, she said, “they’re “Dr. Z, I’m actually in Guang- were hospitalized. A fifth — the Af- but was then barred from leaving, commencement speech this
trying to get rid of them.” zhou, China, right now and I can’t rican-American woman who his door taped shut, he said. month tested positive for the
Gordon Mathews, the chairman release this information myself,” called the consulate from the hos- He was finally released in late coronavirus, according to a U.S.
the woman, 28, who moved to fice of Virginia’s governor, Ralph pital — said she was told her test Army spokeswoman.
of the anthropology department April and began looking for a new
China last year, said in the mes- Northam, legislators, the State was positive, and she was hospi-
at the Chinese University of Hong apartment. But landlords were None of those cadets had symp-
Kong, and a co-author of “The sage, provided to The Times. “But Department and American em- talized for seven days. unwilling to accept foreigners, he toms, and the virus had not
World in Guangzhou: Africans we need help.” ployers like the Walt Disney Com- After health workers informed said, even when he showed them spread from them to any other
and Other Foreigners in South The woman said she was con- pany, which runs language her that her test was a false pos- the new regulations prohibiting cadets among the class of 1,106
China’s Global Marketplace,” was fined to a government-quarantine schools in China, urging them to itive, she was moved to an isola- discrimination. since they returned to the U.S.
less forceful. hotel. Though she had repeatedly assist African-Americans in tion room in the hospital, where Finally, he found a landlord in Military Academy last week, the
“There is racism in China,” he tested negative for the virus, she Guangzhou. she remained for an additional 14 Foshan, a city about 15 miles west spokeswoman, Col. Sunset Belin-
said, “but this is more likely to be of Guangzhou. But as he was com- sky, said on Tuesday. She said that
panic over coronavirus than any pleting the paperwork this month, the academy learned that the 15
long-term policy.” officials at the apartment complex
had the coronavirus after all
Guangzhou officials at first de- intervened, saying that Mr. Rem-
nied any discrimination. Then mington would be allowed in only cadets were tested immediately
amid an international outcry, they if he agreed to be tested for the co- upon arriving on campus. The
issued rules this month that prohi- ronavirus once a week, Mr. Rem- cadets who tested positive were
bited unequal treatment. But en- mington said. He refused. immediately isolated.
forcement is lax, say African- The officials called the police, “The Army and West Point
Americans in Guangzhou, and but the officer who arrived said have done meticulous planning to
abuses persist. the neighborhood had to allow Mr. ensure the health and safety of
“Prior to this, I was perfectly Remmington to move in, he said. the returning cadets of the U.S.
fine,” Mr. Remmington said. Now, Now Mr. Remmington is trying Military Academy’s class of 2020,”
he added, “as I come into a gro- to get himself and his son home to Colonel Belinsky said. “There is
cery store, people are literally Florida, but flights are expensive mandatory screening for all, and
running outside, fearing for their and have long travel times. we’ve had a small number —
life.” He has tried to shield his son about 1.5 percent — test positive.
Last month, an African-Ameri- from the discrimination — not This was anticipated.”
can teacher in Guangzhou, who telling him, for example, that the In April, Mr. Trump abruptly
spoke on the condition of ano- restaurant employee who turned
said he would speak at West Point
nymity for fear of retribution, was them away in April had cited their
confined for 14 days to a locked skin color. He told his son the after the cadets had already been
hospital isolation room, despite restaurant had run out of food. sent home because of concerns
repeatedly testing negative for “I don’t want my son to have about the coronavirus. The presi-
the virus. After having “a mental this preconceived notion of Chi- dent’s announcement came one
breakdown,” she said, she pleaded nese people being racist,” Mr. day before Vice President Mike
with the U.S. Consulate in Guang- Remmington said. “Could you Pence delivered the commence-
zhou to intervene. imagine my son going back to his ment address at the Air Force
REUTERS
school and telling his friends Academy graduation ceremony in
Liu Yi contributed research. The U.S. Consulate in Guangzhou, above, investigated a data breach targeting a black teacher. that?” Colorado.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A7

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A8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak Public Health

GOVERNMENT GUIDANCE

Built for This, C.D.C. Shows Its Flaws in Crisis

lanta headquarters, standing off performing lab work and deploy-
From Page A1 to the side as the president spoke. ing to cities where local health de-
much of the nation, killing more Wearing a red “Make America partments need help. While other
than 100,000 people. Great Again” cap, Mr. Trump federal agencies are also involved
The C.D.C., long considered the falsely asserted that “anybody — including the F.D.A., which has
world’s premier health agency, that wants a test can get a test,” speeded the use of antibody tests;
made early testing mistakes that claimed he had a “natural ability” the Federal Emergency Manage-
contributed to a cascade of prob- for science and noted that he ment Agency, which has worked
lems that persist today as the might keep holding campaign ral- to get ventilators and other sup-
country tries to reopen. It failed to lies even as the virus spread. plies; and the National Institutes
provide timely counts of infec- “Thank you for your decisive of Health, which has studied vac-
tions and deaths, hindered by ag- leadership in helping us, you cines and possible treatments —
ing technology and a fractured know, put public health first,” Dr. the C.D.C. is the reigning expert.
public health reporting system. Redfield told the president as Even before the current crisis,
And it hesitated in absorbing the they posed for the cameras. Dr. Redfield had kept a low pro-
lessons of other countries, includ- The moment underscored the file. Some days he could be spot-
ing the perils of silent carriers challenge for the director and his ted in a corner of the cafeteria,
spreading the infection. agency. To combat the virus, he sipping coffee alone.
The agency struggled to cali- would have to manage the mercu- Although he is on the White
brate its own imperative to be cau- rial demands of the president who House coronavirus task force, Dr.
tious and the need to move fast as appointed him and the expecta- Redfield found himself eclipsed
the coronavirus ravaged the coun- tions of the career scientists he by Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the na-
try, according to a review of thou- leads. tion’s most famous infectious dis-
sands of emails and interviews The sensibilities could not be ease specialist, and Dr. Deborah
with more than 100 state and fed- more different. At one point that Birx, an AIDS expert and former
eral officials, public health ex- month, White House officials C.D.C. physician.
perts, C.D.C. employees and medi- asked the agency to provide feed- Meanwhile, his bonds with
cal workers. In communicating to back on possible logos — includ- some of his own staff have frayed.
the public, its leadership was ing “Make America Healthy One associate recounted him say-
barely visible, its stream of guid- Again” — for cloth face masks ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES ing that the agency’s scientists
ance was often slow and its mes- they hoped to distribute to mil- A testing center in Virginia in March. Delayed testing hindered the ability to curb the pandemic. had a “myopic” view of their
sages were sometimes confusing, lions of Americans. The plan fell roles, and characterized his rela-
sowing mistrust. through, but not before C.D.C. tionship with his top deputy, Dr.
“They let us down,” Dr. leaders agreed to the request, ac- Anne Schuchat, a career C.D.C.
Stephane Otmezguine, an anes- cording to one person familiar scientist deeply respected in the
thesiologist who treated coro- with the discussions. agency, as growing strained.
navirus patients in Fort Lau- White House aides saw Dr. He has not been in Atlanta re-
derdale, Fla. Richard Whitley, the Redfield, 68, as an ally, but as the cently, shuttling instead between
top health official in Nevada, coronavirus crisis intensified, his his home in Baltimore and the
wrote to the C.D.C. director about meandering manner in television West Wing. One person familiar
a communication “breakdown” appearances and congressional with his thinking described Dr.
between the states and the hearings irritated a president Redfield as feeling “a little bit on
agency. Gov. J.B. Pritzker of Illi- drawn to big personalities and as- an island.”
nois lashed out at the agency over sertive defenders of his adminis- The C.D.C. still has many de-
testing, saying that the govern- tration. fenders who say it has done the
ment’s response would “go down A former military virologist best it could battling a stealthy,
in history as a profound failure.” who specialized in H.I.V., Dr. Red- previously unknown virus.
“The C.D.C. is no longer the reli- field was Mr. Trump’s second “When they do release some-
able go-to place,” said Dr. Ashish choice after his first C.D.C. direc- thing, it does what C.D.C. ought to
Jha, the director of the Harvard tor resigned. He had no experi- do — retain the voice of credibil-
Global Health Institute. ence leading a government ity,” said Dr. James A. Town, medi-
Even as the virus tested the agency — though he had been cal director of the intensive care
C.D.C.’s capacity to respond, the considered for jobs in previous unit at Harborview Medical Cen-
agency and its director, Dr. Robert Republican administrations — ter in Seattle. “Even if it’s coming
R. Redfield, faced unprecedented and often told associates that he at a slower pace, which can be
challenges from President Trump, was happiest treating patients in frustrating, I think they’re pretty
who repeatedly wished away the Africa or Haiti. thoughtful and trying to make
pandemic. His efforts to seize the Dr. Robert C. Gallo, who even-keeled investigations.”
spotlight from the public health founded the Institute of Human Dr. Redfield declined to com-
agency reflected the broader pat- Virology at the University of ment for this article. But in a re-
terns of his erratic presidency: Maryland School of Medicine cent interview with The Hill, he
public condemnations on Twitter, with Dr. Redfield in 1996, said he T.J. KIRKPATRICK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES said, “I would say C.D.C. has
a tendency to dismiss findings had warned him against taking President Trump at the C.D.C. in March, with the agency’s director, Dr. Robert R. Redfield, right. never been stronger.”
from scientists, inconsistent pol- the C.D.C. post, describing it as In a briefing last week, he ac-
icy or decision-making and a sus- “massive public health, lots of knowledged that the nation must
picion that the “deep state” inside politics, lots of pressure.” work to improve its systems to
the government is working to While praising his friend as “a track disease outbreaks, though
force him out of office. terrific, dedicated infectious dis- he disputed that the agency was
Mr. Trump and his top aides ease doctor,” Dr. Gallo, who also somehow unable to detect when
have grown increasingly bitter co-founded the Global Virus Net- the coronavirus started to spread
about perceived leaks from the work, said in an interview that Dr. in the United States. “We were
C.D.C. they say were designed to Redfield “can’t do anything com- never really blind to the introduc-
embarrass the president and to munication-wise.” He added, tion of this virus,” he said.
build support for decisions that ig- “He’s reticent, never wanting the
nore broader concerns about the front of anything — maybe it’s ex- The Data Pipeline
country’s vast social and eco- treme humility.”
nomic dislocation. At the same The C.D.C., established in the Inside Building 21, the C.D.C.’s
time, some at the C.D.C. have bris- 1940s to control malaria in the gleaming 12-story headquarters,
tled at what they see as pressure South, has the feel of an academic nothing has been more critical
to bend evidence-based recom- institution. There, experts work than getting fast, accurate infor-
mendations to help Mr. Trump’s “at the speed of science — you mation on how the virus is
political standing. take time doing it,” said Dr. spreading, who is getting sick,
Located in Atlanta, the C.D.C. is Georges C. Benjamin, executive how best to treat them and how
encharged with protecting the na- director of the American Public quickly the country can reopen.
tion against public health threats Health Association. But that has proved difficult for
— from anthrax to obesity — and The agency, a division of the the agency’s antiquated data sys-
serving as the unassailable source Department of Health and Hu- tems, many of which rely on infor-
of information about fighting man Services with 11,000 employ- mation assembled by or shared
them. Given its record and re- ees, cannot make policy, but it with local health officials through
sources, the agency might have guides federal and state public phone calls, faxes and thousands
become the undisputed leader in health systems and advises gov- of spreadsheets attached to
the global fight against the virus. ernment leaders. emails. The data is not integrated,
Instead, the C.D.C. made mis- The C.D.C.’s most fabled ex- comprehensive or robust enough,
steps that undermined America’s perts are the disease detectives of GRANT HINDSLEY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
with some exceptions, to depend
response. its Epidemic Intelligence Service, on in real time.
“Here is an agency that has rapid responders who investigate Health workers with a nursing home patient in Seattle during the outbreak there in February. The C.D.C. could not produce
been waiting its entire existence outbreaks. But more broadly, ac- accurate counts of how many peo-
for this moment,” said Dr. Peter cording to current and former ple were being tested, compile
Lurie, a former associate commis- employees and others who ‘Here is an agency year-old man who had visited Wu-
han, China — had infected others.
On phone calls with the C.D.C.,
worried state officials kept ask-
complete demographic informa-
sioner at the Food and Drug Ad- worked closely with the agency, tion on confirmed cases or even
ministration who for years the C.D.C. is risk-averse, perfec- that has been waiting After an initial round of tests, ing: “Are there plans to expand keep timely tallies of deaths.
the agency imposed restrictive the travel monitoring?” The re-
worked closely with the C.D.C. tionist and ill suited to improvis- its entire existence for testing standards. When doctors sponse, according to a participant
Backups on at least some of these
“And then they flub it. It is very ing in a quickly evolving crisis — systems are made on recordable
sad. That is what they were set up particularly one that shuts down this moment. And in Washington State and else- from New York, was always the DVDs, a technology that was
where forwarded the names of same: “We’re still actively con-
to do.” the country and paralyzes the
economy.
then they flub it.’ about 650 people in January who sidering that.”
state-of-the-art in the late 1990s.
The result is an agency that had
The agency’s allies say it is just
one part of a vast network of state “It’s not our culture to inter- DR. PETER LURIE, a former might have been infected — they Mr. Trump announced a Euro- blind spots at just the wrong mo-
and local health departments, vene,” said Dr. George Schmid, associate commissioner at the had contact with a confirmed pa- pean travel ban on March 11, a few ment, limited in its ability to
hospitals, government agencies who worked at the agency off and F.D.A., on the C.D.C.’s response tient, had been admitted to a hos- days after meeting with Dr. Red- gather and process information
and suppliers that were col- on for nearly four decades. He de- pital or had other risk factors — field and others. But it was too about the pathogen or share it
lectively unprepared for the scribed it as increasingly bureau- the C.D.C. agreed to test only 256. late. Genomic tracing would later with those who needed it most:
speed, scope and ferocity of the cratic, weighed down by “inde- That group consisted primarily of show that European travelers front-line medical workers, gov-
pandemic. They also point out scribable, burdensome hierar- people traveling from Wuhan and had brought the virus into New ernment health officials and poli-
that lawmakers have long failed to chy.” their contacts. York as early as mid-February; it cymakers.
adequately prioritize funding for The exacting culture shaped its In part because of capacity is- multiplied there and elsewhere in “That specific, granular data
the kind of crisis the country now scientists’ ambitions; it also sues, the agency typically did not the country. In Seattle, a strain has huge implications,” said Julie
faces. locked some into a fixed way of recommend testing people with- from China had struck nursing Fischer, a professor of microbiolo-
Dr. Amy Ray, an infectious dis- thinking, former officials said. out symptoms — even though homes in late February. gy at Georgetown University who
ease specialist in Cleveland, said And it helped produce the C.D.C.’s Chinese doctors were reporting “If we were able to test early, studies community preparedness
the C.D.C. did not “get enough most consequential failure in the that people could spread the virus we would have recognized earli- for emerging diseases. “We lost
credit,” adding, “They are learn- crisis: its inability early on to pro- without ever feeling ill. Dr. Red- er” the scale of the outbreak, said precious time in decision-making
ing at the same time the world is vide state laboratories around the field mentioned the possibility of Dr. Jeffrey Duchin, the chief and putting public health re-
learning, by watching how this country with an effective diag- asymptomatic spread in a CNN health officer in King County, sources to use.”
disease manifests.” nostic test. interview in February, but the Wash. “We would have been able When C.D.C. officials urged
The agency, which declined re- The C.D.C. quickly developed a C.D.C. did not emphasize such to put prevention measures in states to track travelers from
peated requests for interviews successful test in January de- transmission until late March. place earlier and had fewer China in February for possible in-
with its top officials, said in a signed to be highly precise, but it In mid-February, C.D.C. offi- cases.” fection, the agency turned to a
statement: “C.D.C. is at the table was more complicated to use and cials announced plans for a na- Part of the C.D.C.’s start-up computer network called Epi-X. It
as part of the larger U.S. govern- turned out to be no better than tional surveillance effort — by troubles, current and former em- sent emails to state officials, one
ment response, providing the versions produced overseas. And testing samples from people with ployees said, was that the group at a time, for each arriving flight
best, most current data and scien- in manufacturing test kits to send flulike symptoms — to determine in charge of the response initially so they could download a list of
tific understanding we have.” to the states, the C.D.C. contami- whether the virus was spreading — the Division of Viral Diseases targeted passengers.
“It’s important to remember nated many of them through undetected. The effort was to be- — is smaller and has far less staff In California, state health offi-
that this is a global emergency — sloppy lab practices. That, along gin in Seattle, New York and three focused on contagious respira- cers received as many as 146 noti-
and it’s impacting the entire U.S.,” with the administration’s failure other cities, but after disagree- tory diseases than the C.D.C.’s In- fication emails a day, forcing them
the agency said. “That means it to quickly ramp up commercial ments over how to proceed, it did fluenza Division, which eventu- to spend time forwarding them to
requires an all-of-government re- and academic labs, delayed the not start. ally took more a leading role. the appropriate local health de-
sponse.” rollout of tests and limited their Later that month, public health “They were very quickly over- partments. In some cases, the in-
availability for months. officials across the country were whelmed by what they had to do,” formation, collected for the C.D.C.
In late January, the agency sent increasingly concerned about vis- said Dr. Pierre Rollin, a virologist by the Department of Homeland
Trump’s V.I.P. Tour epidemiologists to Seattle to help itors streaming into the United who left last year. Security, listed incorrect dates or
In early March, Dr. Redfield led local health officials learn States from South Korea, Japan, Now, more than 3,000 C.D.C. times; in other cases, passenger
Mr. Trump on a V.I.P. tour of the whether what was then the coun- Italy and other European coun- employees are aiding the coro- data was sent to the wrong state
high-tech labs at the C.D.C.’s At- try’s first known patient — a 35- tries engulfed by the virus. navirus response, analyzing data, or came more than a week after
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A9

Tracking an Outbreak Public Health

ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Coronavirus patients at Elmhurst Hospital in Queens in May. A key decision early in the response was where to move ventilators from the national stockpile and where to build temporary hospitals.

the travelers had entered the

United States.
or take in overflow patients if nec-
essary.
‘Even if it’s coming at rated” and that it makes the
United States look bad by increas-
the C.D.C. Some of Mr. Trump’s
aides shrugged it off as a miscom-
gov looked at, and studied, its test-
ing system, but did nothing about
“We got crappy data,” said Fran “She said they were looking up a slower pace, which ing the number of confirmed munication. But others viewed it it.”
Phillips, Maryland’s deputy the phone book up and down cases. He has seized on lower-end as the C.D.C. insisting it knew “There comes a time,” said Dr.
health secretary. “We would call Highway 75 to see if there were
can be frustrating, I projections of the virus’s toll, only best. Jeffrey Koplan, who served as
them up and people would say, other places that could help,” Mr. think they’re pretty to see them eclipsed as the cases The episode underscored the C.D.C. director in the Clinton and
‘Well, I was in China, but that was Malaney recalled. and deaths rose. strained relationship between the Bush administrations, “when it
three years ago.’” The disconnects in the public
thoughtful and trying Recently, the C.D.C. drew criti- health agency and the White makes it very hard to operate ef-
On Feb. 11, Mr. Whitley, Neva- health record-keeping system de- to make even-keeled cism after media reports dis- House. Veteran officials at the fectively, when things are being
da’s top health official, com- layed sharing critical data that closed that in tracking how many C.D.C. were not unfamiliar with suggested, requested, ordered
plained to Dr. Redfield in a letter could help patients, said Dr. investigations.’ Americans had been tested, the the ways of Washington. But they that you think are contrary to the
about “the breakdown” in “com- Thomas Inglesby, director of the DR. JAMES A. TOWN, medical agency had breached standard had never dealt with a president containment of the pandemic.”
munication the states have re- Center for Health Security at the director of the intensive care unit practice by combining data from like Mr. Trump or a White House The president and his aides
ceived from the C.D.C.” The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School in Seattle antibody tests, which can indicate like his. viewed the civil servants at the
agency had said three travelers of Public Health. past infections, with diagnostic Already under siege for prob- C.D.C. — many of whom had
from China could “go along with Hospitals look to the C.D.C. for tests. The agency said it was lems with the agency’s diagnostic worked under presidents from
their normal day-to-day busi- that information. “Is it higher risk caused by confusion in over- test, C.D.C. officials watched with both parties — as disloyal liberals
ness” — advice that conflicted to be a healthy person at age 75 worked state and local health offi- growing alarm as Mr. Trump, fac- eager to wound Mr. Trump politi-
with the C.D.C.’s message to mon- with coronavirus or a diabetic cials reporting results, but the ing criticism for his administra- cally by leaking to the press. In
itor such passengers and make with the disease at age 45?” Dr. mistake muddied the picture of tion’s response, repeatedly under- private, some senior administra-
sure they were in self-quarantine. Inglesby said. “We should have the pandemic. mined the agency. tion officials began referring to
One week later, the C.D.C.’s the data to know the answer to “The scientists at the C.D.C. are Though the task force was occa- agency scientists as members of
Epi-X system stopped sending this question quickly, and we still great,” Dr. Jha said. “It’s very the “deep state,” according to sev-
sionally ahead of the C.D.C. in its
notices entirely, even though should be using it to make better puzzling to all of us why C.D.C. eral people who participated in
cautions to the public, Mr. Trump
flights kept coming. The agency decisions.” performance has been so poor.” the conversations but requested
and his aides often expressed ex-
had temporarily shut the system As the number of suspected anonymity to discuss the meet-
traordinary skepticism about the
down to “improve data quality,” it cases — and deaths — mounted, A Strained Relationship ings.
coronavirus and the steps re-
told state officials in an email. the C.D.C. struggled to record As the crisis deepened, tensions
Late in the evening on March 15, quired to combat it. He said the vi-
The travel-monitoring pro- them accurately. The agency between Washington and Atlanta
the C.D.C. put a bold statement on rus would disappear “like a mir-
gram screened at least 268,000 rushed to hire extra workers to increased.
process incoming emails from its website: All gatherings of more acle” even as C.D.C. scientists de-
passengers through mid-April. A In late February, Dr. Nancy
C.D.C. report cited 14 Covid cases hospitals. Still, many officials than 50 people should be canceled, scribed it as a real threat. When
the C.D.C. urged Americans to Messonnier, who oversees the
that were traced back to those turned to Johns Hopkins Univer- the agency said, effectively call- C.D.C.’s respiratory diseases cen-
passengers, but lapses and errors sity, which became the primary ing for an end to large public wear masks, he said, “I don’t see it
for myself.” ter and had been leading the agen-
in the data made that tally far source for up-to-date counts. events. cy’s emergency response, was
from conclusive. The agency Even the White House cited its Inside the West Wing, the presi- And when Dr. Redfield told The
Washington Post that a second sidelined after she issued a stark
went on to say that the program numbers instead of the C.D.C.’s dent’s top aides were stunned. public warning that the virus
did not stop the disease from be- lagging tallies. Meeting in the Situation Room, wave of the virus could be “even
more difficult” than the first, Mr. would disrupt American lives. The
ing introduced to California, Some staff members were mor- the coronavirus task force was comments sent stocks tumbling
where incomplete information, tified when a Seattle teenager just putting the finishing touches Trump insisted that he publicly
and infuriated Mr. Trump, who
high travel volume and the possi- managed to compile coronavirus on its own guidance. It limited claim to have been misquoted dur-
had not been told in advance. Pub-
bility of asymptomatic spread data faster than the agency itself, gatherings to no more than 10 peo- ing a White House briefing. Dr.
lic health officials, inside and out-
made it ineffective. creating a website that attracted ple — a fact that C.D.C. officials, Redfield, with the president
side the agency, saw her forced re-
Once coronavirus cases started millions of daily visitors. “If a high including Dr. Redfield, knew from standing next to him, scowling,
treat as an effort to silence the
developing in earnest in the schooler can do it, someone at participating in days of debate on said he had been misunderstood.
truth.
United States in March, federal C.D.C. should be able to do it,” said the issue. At one point, Mr. Trump even
Often, the clashes have cen-
and state officials began demand- one longtime employee. Reporters soon were peppering complained about the agency to
tered on the economic conse-
ing information to make key deci- For years, federal and state the White House with questions his 80 million Twitter followers,
quences of shutdowns, which
sions. Among them: where to governments have not invested about whether it was overruling saying, “For decades the @CDC-
have forced 40 million people into
move ventilators from the na- enough money to insure that the unemployment, companies into
tional stockpile and where to nation’s public health system bankruptcy and fueled resent-
build temporary hospitals. would have critical data needed to ment across the country.
State and local officials were respond in a pandemic. Since In early April, the C.D.C. posted
quickly overwhelmed trying to 2010, for example, grants to help
an extension of its “no sail” order
document hospitals’ needs. Staff hospitals and states prepare for
for cruise ships, forbidding them
at the Los Angeles County Public emergencies have declined.
from operating through August
Health Department, for example, In 2019, more than 100 public and warning that the ban could
called each of the 94 county hospi- health groups pressed congres-
become indefinite. The White
tals in the early weeks of the out- sional leaders to allocate $1 billion
House had supported the original
break, asking nurses how many over a decade to upgrade the in-
order, but privately objected to an
coronavirus patients were in in- frastructure. The C.D.C. received
indefinite ban, fearing lasting
tensive care units and how many $50 million toward the effort this
harm to an industry that employs
were on ventilators. year. Then, as coronavirus cases
tens of thousands of people.
The C.D.C. tried to repurpose and deaths mounted in March,
The posting quickly came
one of its data systems to collect the federal government commit-
ted to $500 million under the down, replaced by an order end-
the information directly from hos-
emergency CARES Act. ing the ban in July. “Those things
pitals, but it had significant gaps.
aren’t helpful,” Dr. Redfield would
Finally, the Department of Health “The crisis has highlighted the
tell his colleagues when disputes
and Human Services in April also need to continue efforts to mod-
enlisted a private contractor, between the C.D.C. and the task
ernize the public health data sys-
TeleTracking Technologies, only tems that C.D.C. and states rely force erupted.
to have hospitals struggle to log on,” Dr. Redfield told a Senate The White House was soon put
on to the system. committee on May 12. “Timely on the defensive when USA Today
Hospital executives resorted to and accurate data are essential as cited internal emails about the
finding aid themselves. Scott Ma- C.D.C. and the nation work to un- pressure. “Sorry to do this, but the
laney, head of Blanchard Valley derstand the impact of Covid-19 Office of the Vice President has in-
Health System in Ohio, got a on all Americans.” structed us to pull the No Sail Or-
phone call from an official at a Data is one of the essential tools der Extension from the website
Michigan health care system that of public health; Mr. Trump, immediately,” the paper quoted a
was running short on beds and though, often appears to see it as C.D.C. official as writing to agency
equipment. It was asking neigh- a weapon against him. He has colleagues.
boring facilities to share supplies suggested that testing is “over- A letter sent by Nevada’s top health official to the C.D.C. director over communication concerns. Continued on Following Page
A10 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak Public Health

AUDRA MELTON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. The C.D.C.’s response to the coronavirus created a loss of confidence in the agency and hampered the U.S. response to the outbreak.

GOVERNMENT GUIDANCE

Built for This Moment, C.D.C. Shows Flaws in Crisis

and the United States lurches to- less protective surgical masks
From Preceding Page ward restarting its economy, the were “an acceptable alternative”
To the president’s aides, one of mayor of Miami Beach wants to except during procedures that
the most frustrating moments know what to do if Covid-19 cases might aerosolize the virus. Days
came on May 1, when Dr. Schuchat explode after the city’s famous later, the agency said health
published one of the agency’s reg- beaches open again. workers could even wear “home-
ular reports on morbidity and Doctors and nurses remain made masks (e.g., bandanna,
mortality without giving the desperate for updates on how to scarf) for care of patients with
White House any notice, accord- protect themselves. School super- COVID-19 as a last resort.”
ing to two of Mr. Trump’s advisers. intendents and college presidents “Mistrust crept in,” said Lori
Written in dry, scientific lan- need to decide how to hold classes Freeman, chief executive of the
guage, the report offered a blunt in the fall. And employers want National Association of County
assessment of the virus’s spread, advice about whether to test all of and City Health Officials. “‘Are
showing how travel from Europe their workers before returning to we really being protected?’ ”
and mass gatherings had acceler- business as usual. The relaxed guidance on pro-
ated it. Dr. Schuchat went further The C.D.C. is where they expect tective equipment matched ad-
in an interview with The Associ- to get answers. As the national vice from the World Health Orga-
ated Press, saying that “taking ac- clearinghouse for critical public nization on surgical masks. But
tion earlier could have delayed health information, it has dual the C.D.C. did not highlight that
further amplification” or slowed it missions: to provide medical fact in its update and gave no pub-
down. guidance to health workers while lic explanation other than ac-
As the president pushed gover- offering easy-to-understand in- knowledging the worsening
nors to “liberate” their states from formation for political leaders, shortages. An analysis published
virus lockdowns, top C.D.C. offi- business executives and the gen- this week suggests that N95 and
cials in April delivered a draft of eral public. other respirator masks are supe-
new guidance full of caveats about But many say the agency has rior to surgical or cloth masks in
lifting the restrictions. In it, the struggled at times to provide protecting medical workers
agency urged schools, churches, clear and timely guidance. against the virus.
child care centers, day camps, At Margaret Mary Community Leaders of schools, businesses
restaurants and bars to take nu- Hospital in rural Batesville, Ind., TODD HEISLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES and other organizations also said
merous precautions and move doctors and nurses got sick after Many businesses were closed over Memorial Day weekend in Coney Island in Brooklyn. they were confused by the
slowly. following C.D.C. guidance in mid- C.D.C.’s advice, which sometimes
March that masks were neces- conflicted with that of the White
Trump aides were furious when
sary only when treating patients House coronavirus task force.
they saw the draft. To them, it was
more evidence that the C.D.C. re- with respiratory symptoms or fe-
‘She said they were does not know. The agency’s rou-
tine in past emergencies was to
complained to his colleagues in an
email on Jan. 31.
In one such instance on March
fused to consider political, eco- ver. The first patients who tested looking up the phone hold press briefings almost daily; The C.D.C., some medical work-
16, the White House urged lim-
iting gatherings to no more than
nomic and social effects in weigh- positive for Covid-19 there instead Dr. Thomas Frieden, Dr. Red-
ing how and when to reopen the showed up with headaches, fa- book up and down field’s predecessor, was highly
ers complain, has provided lim-
ited guidance on how children
10 people and “schooling from
home whenever possible” for at
country. The agency’s recommen- tigue, nausea and diarrhea. Highway 75 to see if visible during the Ebola and Zika transmit the virus, when to venti- least the next 15 days. But days
dations for houses of worship, par- “This virus made it halfway crises. But in this case, medical
ticularly annoyed some aides, around the world without us hav- there were other places workers and the public were left
late patients and how to prioritize
use of isolation rooms. And it took
earlier, the C.D.C. had recom-
mended that schools close only if
who resisted the advice that ing a heads-up to our providers that could help.’ to make sense of often-opaque until April 27 for the agency to ex- someone in the building tested
churches stop giving communion. that this is how the disease can postings on the C.D.C.’s website pand its list of possible symptoms
present,” said Tim Putnam, the SCOTT MALANEY, head of an positive or there was evidence of
When the White House sat on after its leadership stopped hold- to include more than a dozen
hospital’s chief executive. “Over Ohio health system, on receiving a “substantial community trans-
the draft guidance for weeks, a ing regular briefings on March 9. signs of illness that some medical
two months after the disease sur- call from a Michigan health care mission.”
copy was leaked. “Right now, they only have the specialty societies had reported
faced, I would have expected bet- On March 17, nearly 2,500 su-
While the C.D.C. delayed post- system in need of assistance PDFs that are out there, without weeks earlier.
ter.” perintendents from around the
ing the draft guidance that would any kind of a conversation,” said To many anxious doctors and
Front-line doctors and nurses country were hoping to get some
allow churches to reopen, Mr. Dr. Jennifer Nuzzo, an epidemiol- nurses, some of the C.D.C.’s clini-
have long relied on the agency for clarity during an online seminar
Trump all but ordered it to do so. ogist at Johns Hopkins. “That is a cal guidance often seemed driven with the C.D.C. Why was the
During a visit to Michigan on May advice on clinical best practices,
real shortcoming.” by the nationwide shortages of C.D.C. recommending most
21, the president — who the next and many said in interviews that
Medical specialty and public personal protective equipment, schools could remain open?
day would explain, “In America, they were satisfied with the
C.D.C.’s advisories, especially giv- health organizations have some- not the best interests of health But just 40 minutes before the
we need more prayer, not less” —
en the novelty of the coronavirus. times taken it on themselves to care workers. seminar was to start, the C.D.C.
made it clear the C.D.C. no longer
identify and highlight updates for Initially, the C.D.C. recom- canceled it without explanation
had any choice. The agency has issued 114 advi-
their members. mended that all doctors and and never rescheduled. The
“I said, ‘You better put it out,’ ” sory documents for disaster and
“It would be awesome if C.D.C. nurses coming in contact with co- agency later told reporters it had
Mr. Trump told reporters. “And homeless shelters, retirement
could actually announce signifi- ronavirus patients wear N95 res- decided “to fully adapt to the new
they’re doing it.” communities, taxis, pediatric clin-
cant changes rather than bury it pirators, which filter out 95 per- guidance from White House” be-
Lawrence Gostin, the director ics and other venues. “We have is-
on their website and assume it is cent of all airborne particles. But fore addressing the superintend-
of a legal center at the World sued countless guidance and rec-
done,” Jim Collins, Michigan’s di- on March 10, with supplies dwin- ents.
Health Organization, and a former ommendations based on the best
rector of communicable diseases, dling, the C.D.C. announced that In Miami Beach, densely
C.D.C. official, chided the White available science and data,” an
packed with tourists, older resi-
House for exerting undue pres- agency press officer said. Its ex-
dents and service workers, May-
sure on the C.D.C. throughout the perts have also held about a doz-
or Dan Gelber dreads the
crisis. en calls for clinicians about caring
prospect of new outbreaks. While
“Public health is politics. But for Covid patients, and other calls he appreciated the reopening
this is different,” he said. “It’s criti- for medical groups. guidance that the C.D.C. pub-
cizing its public health agencies in But in interviews with medical lished recently, Mr. Gelber, a
public. It’s rejecting guidelines it practitioners across the country, Democrat, said he wished the
puts out. It tells them you can’t many said they now look else- agency would also lay out specific
even put guidelines out.” where for detailed recommenda- steps to follow if cases surge
“I would expect the C.D.C. to co- tions about how to safely care for again.
ordinate with the White House,” infected patients, posing ques- “It’s almost as if they just said,
he added. “But this is not team tions about the new virus on mail- ‘Open up and figure out whether
work. This is not coordination. ing lists or scouring online re- it’s a good idea or not afterward,’ ”
This is confrontation.” search articles. he said of the C.D.C. “We don’t
In a crisis, one of the C.D.C.’s have a net here.”
main roles is to explain its guid-
Where’s the Guidance? ance and reasoning, provide a ra-
As the battle against the coro- tionale for when its thinking Mark Walker and Noah Weiland
navirus stretches into summer changes and acknowledge what it A Michigan health official complained about unclear changes in C.D.C. guidance. contributed reporting.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A11

Tracking an Outbreak The Risks and the Research

THREAT OF RESURGENCE

Shoulder-to-Shoulder Crowds at Rallies After Months of Quarantine

By JULIE BOSMAN to more cases of the virus. Large
and AMY HARMON gatherings of people are known to
CHICAGO — For days, Kate have led to chains of transmission
Dixon, has been watching the vid- in other settings. And police tac-
eos of demonstrations from her tics such as spraying tear gas,
home in a Denver suburb: the im- which causes people to cough;
ages of young people packed herding protesters into smaller
shoulder to shoulder, the crowds areas for crowd control; and plac-
shouting in unison on downtown ing arrested individuals in buses,
vans and holding cells also in-
streets, the occasional détente be-
crease the risk of infection.
tween protester and police officer
An aggregate model assembled
that ends in a hug.
by researchers at the University
“You want that to be a wonder-
of Massachusetts projects that the
ful moment,” said Ms. Dixon, a nation will see between 5,000 to
stay-at-home mother who has 7,000 deaths from Covid-19 each
been sewing face masks in her week over the next month.
spare time. “But your heart just But public health experts em-
hurts at all the illness this could be phasized that police violence
causing.” against black people in America
In the last week, the United also represents a public health cri-
States has abruptly shifted from sis. The anger over economic, so-
one crippling crisis to the next. cial and health disparities fueling
Most Americans had been under the protests, health experts said,
stay-at-home orders for months to are reflected in sharply higher
slow the coronavirus pandemic, rates of coronavirus-related death
restrictions that were gradually and illness among black Ameri-
eased throughout May, freeing cans. Several counseled a “harm
people in many states to begin reduction” approach that would
venturing back into shops and allow people to join the demon-
restaurants. strations as safely as possible.
Then came Memorial Day in “Last week, all the news was
Minneapolis, when George Floyd, about Covid; this week, all the
a black man, died after pleading news is about the protests,” said
that he could not breathe as a Eleanor Murray, an assistant pro-
white police officer pressed his fessor of epidemiology at Boston
knee into Mr. Floyd’s neck. His University School of Public
death has prompted cascading Health. “But really, these are two
protests in hundreds of cities, pieces of the same conversation.’’
where demonstrators have called Yolanda Williams, the host of
for an end to police brutality and the podcast “Parenting Decolo-
racist institutions. nized," which focuses on parent-
Suddenly America no longer JIM WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIM ing black children, said she has
looks like a nation cooped up at Above, protesters in Oakland, Calif., on Monday, many wearing not attended protests in Little
home. masks, and some not. Left, marching through the streets of Se- Rock, Ark., where she lives. She is
The demonstrations have a single mother of a toddler, and
attle. Its region suffered one of the first outbreaks in the nation. her area has seen a spike in
spurred fears that they could
cause a deadly resurgence of the Covid-19 cases.
coronavirus. And for those sym- very stressful,” said Mr. led to a second, more deadly wave. But she had a message on her
pathetic to a growing movement, Schwesnedl, who is white. “It just Some of the city’s virus testing Facebook page for those among
deciding whether to attend pro- adds this whole stress of how this sites have had to be shut down her followers who are white: You
tests has been complicated: Some is going to impact the infection briefly, and while jail populations should be showing up.
people have avoided them en- rates.” had been reduced over concerns “I know it’s scary, but if you are
tirely, reasoning that the chance of In Denver, Tay Anderson, a pro- about the spread of the virus in committed to dismantling white
contracting the coronavirus in a test leader and school board mem- tightly controlled institutions, supremacy, it’s you that needs to
ber, has been worried about the they now are filling again after be out there, en masse, protesting
crowd is too high. Others have
disparate impact of the coro- mass arrests. as loud for civil rights as you did
joined despite the risks.
navirus on black Colorado resi- for the Women’s March,” she said
“The police violence against Though the pandemic has
dents like himself. Thousands of in the post.
black people — that’s a pandemic, slowed somewhat in recent
people marched through Denver In an interview on Tuesday, Ms.
too,” said Kelli Ann Thomas, a weeks, the virus continues to in-
and laid down, shoulder to shoul- Williams said she was trying to
community organizer who joined fect thousands and kill hundreds drive home the point that it is far
protests in Miami. “People are der, on the lawn of the Capitol in
silent demonstrations. riskier for black people to attend
willing to risk their lives, to risk protests than it is for white people.
their health, to show solidarity He put out a call on social media
“The problem is, we are having
with black people.”
RUTH FREMSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES
for all protesters to join him in get-
ting tested for the coronavirus on
An extra layer of to choose from either dying from
No one has studied the precise
dynamics of how the virus may be
rus is far less likely to be spread
outdoors than indoors. And masks
scrubs.
Contagion was weighing on the
Saturday morning at the Pepsi complication for Covid or dying from cops,” she
said. “Put yourself on the line like
Center, a sports and concert arena
transmitted under the mix of con-
ditions that prevail at mass pro-
reduce the chance of infected peo-
ple transmitting the respiratory
mind of Jamie Schwesnedl in the
first days of protests. Mr.
where Denver has been running protesters to weigh. we are doing every day. Put your
body on the line.”
tests. And because of delays be- free, large-scale testing.
droplets that contain the virus. Schwesnedl owns Moon Palace For many public health experts
tween exposure to the virus and “WE ARE STILL IN A PAN-
But many uncertainties remain. Books, down the street from a po- who have spent weeks advising
the start of symptoms, and then Yelling, shouting and singing can lice station that was set on fire last DEMIC,” he wrote on Twitter. policymakers and the public on
every day. Many of the country’s
hospitalizations and deaths, the increase how far those droplets weekend after demonstrators In Los Angeles, city leaders big cities have been adding sev- how to reduce their risk of getting
impact of the protests on virus are projected. Crowds and the clashed with the police. have expressed alarm that the eral hundred new cases every day. or inadvertently spreading the co-
spread will not be known for sev- length of time an uninfected per- Black people were already suf- protests could fuel the spread of On Monday, nearly 1,000 new ronavirus, the mass demonstra-
eral weeks. son is near someone who is in- fering from a disproportionate the coronavirus, while at the same cases were identified in Los Ange- tions have forced a shift in per-
Health experts know that the vi- fected also increase the risk of number of coronavirus infections; time voicing support for the rights les County, Calif., more than 500 in spective.
transmission. now many members of their com- of demonstrators to gather and Cook County, Ill., and more than Tiffany Rodriguez, an epidemi-
Julie Bosman reported from Chi- Protests have revealed a range munities are protesting the death saying that they shared in the out- 400 in New York City. In the ologist who has rarely left her
cago, and Amy Harmon from New of precautions, from people wear- of Mr. Floyd. rage over the death of Mr. Floyd. county that includes Minneapolis, home since mid-March, said it was
York. Reporting was contributed ing tightly secured masks to oth- “The idea of getting a whole lot Mayor Eric Garcetti warned more than 1,000 new cases have often impossible to maintain the
by Patricia Mazzei from Miami, ers with no face covering. On of people together to yell, which that the gatherings could become been identified over the past week recommended six feet of distance
Jack Healy from Denver, Tim Monday, a nurse’s assistant who we know is one of the most effec- “superspreader events” — not un- and officials have urged pro- at the protest she attended in Bos-
Arango from Los Angeles, Dionne works at a nursing home was tive ways to transmit the virus, like during the 1918 flu pandemic testers to seek coronavirus test- ton on Sunday. But “understand-
Searcey from Minneapolis and among the protesters at the site and having that happen around a when, after the first wave of infec- ing. ing that police brutality is a public
Mitch Smith from Overland Park, where Mr. Floyd died in Minne- lot of people of color and neighbor- tions, some cities began holding Epidemiologists said the pro- health epidemic,” she said she felt
Kan. apolis, showing up in a mask and hoods and communities of color, is parades and large gatherings that tests would almost certainly lead compelled to go.

THE MEDICINES

Scientists Question Medical Data From Single Company Used in Two Studies
By RONI CARYN RABIN journals that subject studies to ber of coronavirus cases recorded published.
Since the outbreak began, re- peer review before publication. in some countries during the James Watson, a senior scien-
searchers have rushed to publish Both had considerable impact, study period and the number of tist with MORU Tropical Health
studies about the new coro- halting clinical trials of malaria patient outcomes reported by the Network, said his unit had to im-
navirus spreading swiftly through drugs around the world and pro- researchers over the same period. mediately suspend work on a
the world. On Tuesday, for the sec- viding reassurance about the In particular, they said, it is “dif- large randomized clinical trial to
ond time in recent days, a group of risks of blood pressure medica- ficult to reconcile” the Surgi- see if chloroquine or hydroxy-
scientists has questioned the data tions taken by millions of patients. sphere data from the United King- chloroquine can protect health
used in studies in two prominent But scientists have not seen the dom with government reports. care workers exposed on the job to
medical journals. large data set that Surgisphere The paper reported on 706 pa- the coronavirus from infection.
A group of scientists who raised says it has built, and questions tients hospitalized with confirmed “I saw very quickly this paper
questions last week about a study about its provenance are rising in Covid-19 in just seven of the U.K.’s didn’t hold up to much scrutiny at
in The Lancet about the use of scientific circles. 1,257 National Health Service hos- all,” he said. “We started wonder-
antimalarial drugs in coronavirus In the open letter to the authors pitals. ing, ‘Who’s been collecting this
patients have now objected to an- of the N.E.J.M. paper and to the Yet a high proportion of coro- data, and where did it come from?’
other paper about blood pressure journal’s editor, Dr. Eric J. Rubin, navirus patients hospitalized in We were quite surprised to see a
medicines in the New England more than 100 clinicians, re- the U.K. early on were in London, global study with only four au-
Journal of Medicine, which was searchers and statisticians de- and no London borough or hospi- thors listed and no acknowledg-
published by some of the same au- manded more detailed informa- tal had more than 100 confirmed ment of anyone else.”
GEORGE FREY/REUTERS
thors and relied on the same data tion about the patient data that cases by March 16, the critics said. The scientists then turned their
registry. served as the basis of the study, One of the studies published last month, about the drug hydroxy- The study’s numbers on cases attention to the paper about car-
Moments after their open letter and called for independent valida- chloroquine, had tremendous impact, halting some clinical trials. in Turkey “cannot be correct,” ac- diovascular disease and blood
was posted online Tuesday, the ed- tion of the work by a third party. cording to the letter. The paper re- pressure drugs that had been pub-
itors of the N.E.J.M. posted an The study was said to analyze In the paper published in The untary third-party audit done in ported data on about 346 patients lished in the N.E.J.M. on May 1.
“expression of concern” about the 8,910 Covid-19 patients hospital- Lancet, the authors said they had collaboration with the journal. with confirmed cases in three “We immediately thought, ‘If
paper, and said they had asked the ized through mid-March at 169 analyzed data gathered from 671 He also said he was arranging Turkish hospitals by March 15. there’s something wrong with the
paper’s authors to provide evi- medical centers in Asia, Europe hospitals on six continents that the terms of a nondisclosure But Istanbul University Hospi- database, it’s going to affect both
dence that the data are reliable. and North America. The authors shared granular medical informa- agreement that would allow the tal, one of the largest in the city, publications,’ ” he said.
The Lancet followed later in the concluded that cardiovascular tion about nearly 15,000 patients editors of the N.E.J.M. to see the admitted its first Covid-19 patient David Glidden, a professor of
day with a statement about its disease increased patients’ risk of who had received the antimalarial data they had requested. on March 16, the writers said. biostatistics at University of Cali-
own concerns regarding the ma- dying. drugs and 81,000 who had not, Dr. Desai had previously said “The majority of patient data in fornia, San Francisco, who reads
larial drugs paper, saying that the But the paper also appeared to while shielding their identities. that his contractual agreements Turkish hospitals are manually all new publications about
editors have commissioned an in- put to rest any concerns that peo- The papers concluded that use with hospitals prevented him entered on paper, and Turkey does Covid-19 antiviral therapies as a
dependent audit of the data. ple with high blood pressure of chloroquine and hydroxy- from disclosing any hospital-level not have an electronic nationwide member of a National Institutes of
Both of the studies relied on an might have about taking drugs chloroquine may have increased patient data, even though it was digital database other than for Health clinical guidelines panel,
analysis of patient outcomes from called ACE inhibitors: Some peo- the risk of death in these patients. anonymized. “Surgisphere stands blood tests and prescriptions,” the said he was immediately struck
a private database run by a com- ple had wondered whether the The first author on both of the behind the integrity of our studies critics added. by the vagueness of the descrip-
pany called Surgisphere, which drugs were playing a role in ex- papers is Dr. Mandeep R. Mehra, a and our scientific researchers, “Moreover, it is highly unlikely tions in both papers.
says it has granular information acerbating the illness. cardiovascular specialist and pro- clinical partners and data ana- that such clinical data would have There is a frenzy to publish re-
about nearly 100,000 Covid-19 pa- Instead, the patients taking fessor at Harvard Medical School. lysts,” he said in a statement. been shared with a U.S. company search, he added: “Medical jour-
tients from 1,200 hospitals and these drugs were more likely to The second author is Dr. Sapan S. In their letter to the N.E.J.M., without acknowledgment.” nals often feel pressure to be rele-
other health facilities on six conti- survive than those who were not, Desai, the owner and founder of critics of the work wrote: “Seri- Many of the scientists who first vant and to be carrying the story
nents. Many health care data ex- the authors said. (Other studies Surgisphere. ous, and as yet unanswered, con- raised concerns about the data- that’s going to be talked about,
perts say they knew nothing have also reported that blood On Tuesday morning, Dr. Desai, cerns have been raised about the base are involved in clinical trials and I think they need to be respon-
about its existence until recently. pressure drugs do not make peo- who has vigorously defended both integrity and provenance of these of chloroquine and hydroxy- sive to the urgency of this pan-
Both papers were published in ple more susceptible to the coro- the studies and his database, said data.” chloroquine, and they were forced demic but also to maintain their
May within a few weeks of each navirus, and do not increase the he and his co-authors on The The letter points out “major in- to pause the studies for safety re- standards, which require cau-
other in highly respected medical risk of more severe illness.) Lancet study have agreed to a vol- consistencies” between the num- views after The Lancet study was tion.”
A12 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Facing Strife at Home,

Trump Finds No Refuge
With European Leaders
By STEVEN ERLANGER With the virus and the riots, she
BRUSSELS — With American added, “now there is a sense of
cities burning and the coronavirus America’s weaknesses being ex-
still raging, killing more people posed, and a feeling that the em-
than in any other country, Presi- peror has no clothes.”
dent Trump also has growing The threads unraveled quickly.
problems overseas. He has never As late as last Thursday, Euro-
before been so isolated and ig- pean and American officials say,
nored, even mocked. Mr. Trump’s plans for a Group of 7
In Europe, after years of snubs summit meeting in Washington
and American unilateralism, were being negotiated with mem-
America’s traditional allies have ber countries and looked likely to
stopped looking to him for leader- go ahead. Then, on Friday, Mr.
ship, no longer trust that this pres- Trump suddenly announced that
ident will offer them much, and he was pulling the United States
are turning their backs on him. out of the World Health Organiza-
tion, more than two weeks before
That was evidenced most obvi-
his own stated deadline for the de-
ously this week by the decision of
cision.
the German chancellor, Angela
As so often in the past, on issues
Merkel, not to attend the Group of
like unilateral American with-
7 meeting Mr. Trump wanted so
drawal from the Iran nuclear deal
badly in Washington this month to
or the Paris climate accord or the
show that the virus was behind
Open Skies treaty or the sudden
him and the world was returning
ban on air travel from Europe, Mr.
to normal.
Trump ignored the views of allies
Ms. Merkel cited the lingering
or did not consult them at all.
threat of the virus, but a senior
The W.H.O. decision was a sur-
German official who spoke on the
BRYAN DENTON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES prise to allies, and Ms. Merkel
condition of anonymity made quickly said that she would not at-
Police officers blocking protesters Saturday in Los Angeles. China has called the U.S. hypocritical for its treatment of demonstrators. clear that she had other reasons to tend the proposed summit meet-
decline: She believed that proper ing.

China Revels as Unrest Spreads Across U.S.

diplomatic preparations had not Since then, both Prime Minister
been made; she did not want to be Boris Johnson of Britain and
part of an anti-China display; she Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of
opposed Mr. Trump’s idea of invit- Canada have come out publicly
By JAVIER C. HERNÁNDEZ ganda themes, including the idea ing the Russian president, Vladi- against bringing Russia back into
that the United States acts as a mir V. Putin; she did not want to the Group of 7.
The cartoon shows the Statue of
bully on the world stage, meddling be seen as interfering in American “For the British and Canadians
Liberty cracking into pieces, a po-
in the affairs of other countries. domestic politics. to say no publicly is highly un-
lice officer breaking through its
Hong Kong has been a particular And she was shocked by Mr. usual,” given their closeness to the
copper robe. A man’s head lies on
point of contention, with many Trump’s sudden, unilateral deci- United States, said Carl Bildt, the
the ground in front of the White
news outlets in China pairing im- sion to pull out of the World Health former Swedish prime minister.
House, its facade splattered with
ages of burning buildings and Organization. As for Ms. Merkel, he said, giv-
blood.
flags in American cities alongside The divide between Mr. Trump en the lack of preparation, “the
“Beneath human rights,” says
comments last year by Nancy and European allies was widening Germans suspected it was just a
the title of the cartoon, which was
Pelosi, the speaker of the House, even before American cities were photo op with Trump in the White
published by People’s Daily, the
praising demonstrations in Hong convulsed by rioting. But the cha- House.”
Chinese Communist Party’s flag-
Kong. Ms. Pelosi said the city’s os on American streets, viewed Despite allied concerns, the
ship newspaper, and circulated
protests were a “beautiful sight to from abroad, has only reinforced a Group of 7 matters, and plans for
widely on social media sites this
behold.” sense that the conflicts Mr. Trump the meeting were going ahead giv-
week.
The editor in chief of Global seems to sow have caught up with en a general desire to come up
As protests over police violence
Times, Hu Xijin, said that the at- him. with strong positions on Hong
engulf hundreds of cities in the
tacks were to be expected given As Mr. Trump threatens to call Kong and to try to influence Wash-
United States, China is reveling in
the intense criticism of China by in the military against his own citi- ington’s policies on the virus, said
the moment, seizing on the unrest ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES American officials over the past zens, he has become a president Thomas Wright of the Brookings
to tout the strength of its authori-
tarian system and to portray the Despite railing against China’s trade policies, President Trump year. Institution.
turmoil as yet another sign of has mostly avoided criticizing President Xi Jinping by name. “It’s a kind of vengeful feeling, But after the W.H.O. announce-
which I think is human nature,” he ment, Ms. Merkel decided that “if
American hypocrisy and decline.
It is a narrative that conveniently newspaper controlled by the jing, have been accused of using
said in an interview. “Americans Longtime friends shun you’re going unilateral, I’m not go-
shouldn’t be unhappy about it.” ing to be there to support you,” Mr.
ignores many of the country’s own
problems, including its history of
party, called on the American gov- excessive force as they have Mr. Hu said the unrest in the a U.S. leader who has Wright said. “The allies all think
ernment to “stand with the Min- sought to rein in antigovernment United States, as well as the fail-
ethnic discrimination, its record nesota people.” Its editor, in a protests that have convulsed the ures in the country’s response to had little use for them. he’s all over the place and they’ll
try to avoid him.”
on human rights and its efforts to tweet, pointedly called out Secre- region over the past year. the coronavirus pandemic, had Ulrich Speck, a German ana-
suppress protests in Hong Kong. tary of State Mike Pompeo, who With the comparisons to Hong strengthened confidence among lyst, said that “Merkel has given
Chinese officials are trolling had said “we stand by the people Kong unmistakable, many main- many Chinese in Beijing’s political up any pretensions that she as a
their American counterparts with of Hong Kong” in his condemna- land commentators have stopped that some of America’s closest al-
system. German chancellor has to work
protest slogans like “Black lives tion of Beijing’s move to impose short of endorsing the tactics used lies prefer to keep at arms’ length,
“It has made them believe that with an American president no
matter” and “I can’t breathe.” The national security rules. by American protesters, instead unsure of what he will do next and
the government of this country re- matter who it is.” Ms. Merkel is a
state-run media is featuring “The violent protests in the denouncing racism in the United unwilling to be dragged into his
ally cares about people’s lives and multilateralist in her soul, Mr.
stories about the “double stand- streets of urban America are fur- States in general terms and re- campaign for re-election.
well-being,” he said. “They see Speck said, “and she’s been hurt
ards” of the United States for sup- ther discrediting the U.S. in the hashing protest slogans. “Leaders in allied nations now
how the U.S. government and cap- by him often, they don’t get along
porting the Hong Kong demon- eyes of ordinary Chinese,” said “The chronic racial wound in think that criticizing Trump is to
ital despise the lives and interests and they disagree on many poli-
strators. Prominent Chinese com- Susan Shirk, chairwoman of the the United States is now smarting their advantage,” said Marietje
of vulnerable and marginalized cies,” including open confronta-
mentators are arguing that Amer- U.C. San Diego 21st Century China again,” said a recent report by Xin- Schaake, a former Dutch Euro-
groups.” tion with China.
ican-style democracy is a sham, Center. “The propaganda depicts hua, the state-run news agency. pean legislator, especially now
Nationalism has been in full Ms. Merkel remains committed
pointing to the country’s bungled American politicians as hypo- The Chinese government, in its with the unrest in American cities
force in recent days on the Chi- to European engagement with
response to the virus pandemic crites living in glass houses while first official statement on Mr. and demonstrations supporting
nese internet, with many people Beijing. With Germany taking
and continuing racial tensions. throwing stones at China.” Trump’s move against Beijing’s those protests in many European
taking to Weibo, a popular mi- over the European Union presi-
“This situation in the U.S. will Ms. Shirk said that as the repu- national security rules, directly croblogging platform, to de- cities, including Amsterdam.
dency next month, she is trying to
make more Chinese people sup- tation of the United States suffers called out the United States for hy- nounce the “arrogance” of the Even the European Union’s for-
strike a European investment
port the Chinese government in in China fewer people might be pocrisy. A spokesman for China’s United States and Mr. Trump. eign policy chief, Josep Borrell
deal with China and wants to pre-
its efforts to denounce and willing to voice support for Ameri- foreign ministry, Zhao Lijian, Hashtags about the American Fontelles, felt bold enough on
serve an E.U.-China summit
counter America,” Song Guoyou, a can ideals, such as free markets noted on Monday how American protests, including the decision to Tuesday to say that Europe is
scheduled for Leipzig in the au-
scholar at Fudan University in and civil liberties. officials have portrayed pro- deploy the National Guard in ‘‘shocked and appalled” by the po-
tumn.
Shanghai, said in an interview. “Even without the propaganda, testers in their own country as some cities, are among the most lice killing of George Floyd.
“The G7 is a Trump show, with
“The moral ground of the United Chinese people nowadays find lit- “thugs” but glorified Hong Kong popular topics on the site. On Monday, as if to underline no negotiation,” Mr. Speck added.
States is indeed greatly weak- tle to admire in the U.S.,” she said. protesters as “heroes.” Some worry that the propagan- the American president’s isola- “The old G7 is gone. For Trump it’s
ened.” “As the U.S. model is tarnished, Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s chief da campaign may further inflame tion, it was to the Russian presi- not multilateral in spirit but uni-
The propaganda push is the lat- the voice of Chinese liberals is si- executive, echoed the party line tensions between the two coun- dent, Vladimir V. Putin, that Mr. lateral, just a meeting to serve one
est skirmish in a longstanding lenced.” on Tuesday, accusing the United tries. He Weifang, an outspoken Trump placed a call, in which the purpose — his re-election.”
power struggle between China While Chinese officials have States of having “double stand- law professor in Beijing, said that two men discussed the virus, President Emmanuel Macron
and the United States, with ten- gleefully joined the global chorus ards.” even some critics of the govern- trade and “progress toward con- of France has a more traditional
sions between the two countries at of criticism aimed at the United “When it comes to their coun- ment are becoming more sympa- vening the G7,” the White House French view, especially toward
their highest point in decades. States, the unrest has put them in try’s security, they attach great thetic to the official line. said. building an improved relationship
President Trump has accused an awkward position. importance,” she said at a regular “Any Chinese with a brain,” he Mr. Trump invited Mr. Putin to with Russia, despite Crimea, giv-
Beijing of covering up the coro- China’s government has long news briefing. “When it comes to said, “would not simply look at it the meeting, according to the en its proximity to the European
navirus outbreak that began in maintained strict limits on free my country’s security, especially as China being so successful and Kremlin. But if it happens at all, Union, said Thomas Gomart, di-
the Chinese city of Wuhan, saying speech and activism, and the au- regarding Hong Kong’s current the U.S. being a failure.” there are doubts that Mr. Putin rector of the French Institute of
China should be held responsible thorities often resort to ag- situation, they’ve put on tinted But, he added, “with the terrible would accept being invited solely International Relations.
for deaths in the United States and gressive tactics to quash unrest. glasses.” compression of space for free as a guest, having been kicked out “In France toward Trump is a
around the world. He has also The police in Hong Kong, where Chinese officials have used the speech, many people’s heads are of the club for his annexation of mix of sadness and anger,” Mr. Go-
threatened to punish China for the government is backed by Bei- protests to revive favorite propa- gradually broken.” Crimea and support for insurrec- mart said. “Our main ally refused
moving to adopt a broad new se- tion in eastern Ukraine. to exercise leadership during the
curity law in Hong Kong by cur- Mr. Trump also called President corona crisis and is every day
tailing the city’s special relation- Jair Bolsonaro, the hard-right more provocative toward its allies
ship with the United States. leader of Brazil, on Monday. and is creating divisions that are
Now, the protests in the United “It all shows just how out of very actively exploited by China.”
States are giving Mr. Xi and the touch Trump is with allies,” said After nearly four years, Mr.
Communist Party’s propagan- Julianne Smith, a former Obama Trump has no diplomatic accom-
dists a natural line of counter at- official now with the German Mar- plishments, Mr. Gomart said, list-
tack. shall Fund in Washington. “This is ing failures on North Korea, the
Chinese social media sites are a man isolated at home and Middle East, a deterioration of re-
rife with video clips of tense stand- abroad. He is trying to find friends lations with China and no im-
offs between the police and pro- in other places, knowing that rela- provement of relations with Rus-
testers in the aftermath of the tions with traditional allies are sia. Instead, Mr. Macron believes
killing last week of George Floyd, bad. But there are serious strains that Mr. Trump has damaged Eu-
after he was pinned to the ground even with the authoritarians he ropean security through his uni-
by a white Minneapolis police offi- admires, like Xi Jinping and even lateral abandonment of the Iran
cer who has since been charged Putin.” nuclear deal as well as nearly ev-
with murder. Television shows Mr. Trump “continues to believe ery arms control agreement with
feature videos of National Guard allies can be abused and mis- Russia.
troops patrolling city streets, as treated and that he can order Ms. Merkel has traditionally
broadcasters describe the long them around and at the same time avoided trips to the United States
history of discrimination against count on them,” Ms. Smith said. after April in presidential election
minorities in the United States. “He doesn’t understand that while years, Mr. Drozdiak noted. “She
Social media sites are portraying the U.S. is powerful, it doesn’t al- knows that any event, Trump will
America as unruly and chaotic: ways call the shots.” spin as if the others are implicitly
“This is not Syria, this is the U.S.!” Ms. Merkel’s refusal to come to endorsing him, and that’s the last
read a caption on one popular site. Washington “says a lot about how thing she wants to do.”
Global Times, a nationalistic fed up multiple leaders are around She was so uncomfortable, Mr.
the world, who have seen how lit- Drozdiak said, that she told Mr.
Elaine Yu contributed reporting tle return they’ve gotten on the in- Macron, “Be my guest, be the in-
from Hong Kong. Albee Zhang and LAM YIK FEI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
vestments they made into a rela- terlocutor, I don’t want to be in the
Claire Fu contributed research. Police officers and protesters in Hong Kong. U.S. officials have supported the pro-democracy rallies. tionship with Trump,” she said. room with the guy.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A13

Extinctions Are Accelerating, Threatening Even Human Life Philippines

By RACHEL NUWER
We are in the midst of a mass
cal ranges of critically endan-
gered species, the researchers
Science, “are still being felt a cen-
tury after the last passenger pi-
Backs Off
extinction, many scientists have
warned — this one driven not by a
calculated that more than 237,000
individual populations have dis-
appeared since 1900.
geon died.”
As humans continue to en-
croach on nature and wildlife, Dr.
Threat to End
catastrophic natural event, but by
humans. The unnatural loss of bio-
diversity is accelerating, and if it
In a previous study, Dr. Ceballos
and Dr. Ehrlich similarly found
that 32 percent of 27,600 verte-
Ceballos and his colleagues warn
of a cascading series of impacts —
including more frequent occur-
U.S. Alliance
continues, the planet will lose vast
ecosystems and the necessities brate species’ populations are de- rences of new diseases and pan- By JASON GUTIERREZ
they provide, including fresh wa- clining around the world. demics. The coronavirus that MANILA — In a strategic set-
ter, pollination, and pest and dis- As populations disappear from launched the pandemic originated back for China, the Philippines
ease control. geographic areas, the species’ in a wild animal, most scientists government reversed itself Tues-
On Monday, there was more bad function there also disappears. believe. day and said it would maintain a
news: We are racing faster and The loss of honeybees in the “The vaccine for Covid-19 was longstanding military pact with
closer toward the point of collapse United States, for example, would natural habitat,” Dr. Ceballos said. the United States that President
than scientists previously deal an economic blow of more “The pandemic is a great example Rodrigo Duterte has criticized as
thought, according to research than $15 billion, but the species it- of how badly we’ve treated na- unfair.
published in the Proceedings of self would still survive elsewhere ture.” The Philippine foreign secre-
the National Academy of Sci- around the world. With enough species losses, tary, Teodoro Locsin, made Tues-
CARL DE SOUZA/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
ences. The extinction rate among “The population declines of ecosystems will eventually fail, day’s announcement over Twitter,
terrestrial vertebrate species is common species — top predators, destabilizing economies and gov- saying that he had informed
significantly higher than prior es- large-bodied herbivores like the ernments and triggering famine Washington in a diplomatic note.
timates, and the critical window rhino, pollinators and others — and refugee crises. But there are The decision not to terminate the
for preventing mass losses will have large effects on the way steps that can be taken now, Dr. agreement was made “in light of
close much sooner than formerly ecosystems function even when Ceballos said. political and other developments
assumed — in 10 to 15 years. they are far from extinction,” said Habitat loss and wildlife trade in the region,” Mr. Locsin said in
“We’re eroding the capabilities Rebecca Shaw, chief scientist at are currently responsible for the the diplomatic note, without elab-
of the planet to maintain human the World Wildlife Fund, who was brunt of the problem, whereas cli- oration.
life and life in general,” said Ge- not involved in the research. mate change has yet to unleash The United States welcomed
“Ceballos and his colleagues “the full tsunami” of its impacts, the reversal. “Our longstanding
rardo Ceballos, an ecologist at the
are telling us with scientific cer- Dr. Ceballos said. alliance has benefited both coun-
National Autonomous University
of Mexico and lead author of the tainty that the survival of these To offset the most urgent wave tries, and we look forward to con-
new study. species is linked to our own sur- tinued close security and defense
The current rate of extinctions vival,” she added. cooperation with the Philippines,”
vastly exceeds those that would Dr. Ehrlich emphasized that the the United States Embassy in Ma-
occur naturally, Dr. Ceballos and study’s overall findings were al- Losing a century’s nila said in a statement.
Political analysts interpreted
his colleagues found. Scientists
know of 543 species lost over the
most certainly a gross underesti-
mate of the true scope of the ex-
worth of species each the reversal as a sign that China’s
last 100 years, a tally that would FERNANDO VERGARA/ASSOCIATED PRESS
tinction problem. Their analysis
did not take plants or aquatic or in-
year, scientists say. neighbors are worried about its
growing military assertiveness.
normally take 10,000 years to ac-
crue. vertebrate species into account, The Philippines, Vietnam and Ma-
“In other words, every year and it included only approxi- laysia all have disputes with
over the last century we lost the mately 5 percent of terrestrial of extinctions, he and his col- China about its territorial claims
same number of species typically vertebrates for which scientists leagues call for an immediate end in the South China Sea.
lost in 100 years,” Dr. Ceballos have population data. to illegal wildlife trade. Some analysts saw the reversal
said. The findings are “in fact what “There’s no way this can be con- as a strategic gain for the United
one would expect in the gathering tinued, wiping out species and States, given that the Philippines
If nothing changes, about 500
biodiversity crisis,” said Thomas putting the whole of humanity in is the only U.S. treaty ally border-
more terrestrial vertebrate
Lovejoy, an ecologist at George danger,” Dr. Ceballos said. “We ing the South China Sea, a vital
species are likely to go extinct
Mason University, who was not in- can solve this immediate prob- maritime shipping route.
over the next two decades alone,
volved in the research. The paper lem.” “In light of China’s continued
bringing total losses equivalent to
“should be considered a major They also call for a halt to defor- assertion of its historic rights in
those that would have taken place
wake-up call while there is still estation and a complete reform of Vietnamese and Malaysian wa-
naturally over 16,000 years.
time to make a difference.” ters over the last year, Manila may
To determine how many species the legal wildlife trade — one that
That so few people are aware of have concluded that its previous
are on the brink of extinction, Dr. prioritizes sustainability over
the impending crisis, Dr. Lovejoy rapprochement with Beijing
Ceballos and co-authors Paul profits.
would not protect Philippine inter-
Ehrlich, a conservation biologist added, is a cause of the crisis itself. “The most fundamental prob-
ests,” said M. Taylor Fravel, a po-
at Stanford University, and Peter Many who are aware may sim- lem is reducing the scale of the hu-
litical-science professor who is di-
Raven, an environmentalist at the HUGH KINSELLA CUNNINGHAM/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK ply feel the loss is not consequen- man enterprise, especially its con- rector of the Security Studies Pro-
Missouri Botanical Garden, Top, a burned area of Amazon rainforest in Brazil. Center, a poi- tial. “People say, ‘What the hell of sumptive demands on the bio- gram at the Massachusetts Insti-
turned to population data for son-dart frog in a breeding center in Colombia. Above, chim- a difference does it make to me?’ ” sphere,” Dr. Ehrlich said. tute of Technology.
29,400 terrestrial vertebrate Dr. Ehrlich said. Making these changes will re-
panzees in the Democratic Republic of Congo. But often the role of a particular
Bonnie Glaser, director of the
species compiled by the Interna- quire electing leaders who pri- China Power Project at the Center
tional Union for Conservation of plant or animal in an ecosystem oritize the environment, redistrib- for Strategic and International
Nature. The loss of some will likely trig- populations under 5,000 individu- has become apparent only after uting resources and slowing hu- Studies in Washington, said it re-
Of those species, 515 — or 1.7 ger a domino effect that sends oth- als to be in danger of extinction, the species in question is gone. man population growth. To help mained unclear how the move by
percent — are critically endan- ers into a downward spiral, ulti- Dr. Ceballos and his colleagues Passenger pigeons, for exam- organize these efforts, Dr. Cebal- the Philippines to at least tempo-
gered, they found, with fewer than mately threatening entire ecosys- concluded. ple, once numbered in the billions. los and Dr. Ehrlich launched a new rarily prolong the pact, known as
1,000 individuals remaining. tems, the authors report. Dr. Ce- “This is a substantial increase Their voracious appetite for seeds global initiative called Stop Ex- the Visiting Forces Agreement,
About half of these species com- ballos compared this process to in what we have typically thought limited population growth of other tinction. would affect the country’s South
prise fewer than 250 individuals. removing bricks from the wall of a of as endangered,” said Daniel seed-eating species, including The initiative aims to provide a China Sea policy. But she also saw
The researchers also examined house. Blumstein, an ecologist at the Uni- white-footed mice — the natural framework for creating new na- it as a setback for China.
species with populations between “If you take one brick out, noth- versity of California, Los Angeles, reservoir for the bacterium that tional agreements, as well as tools “Beijing has long sought to
1,000 and 5,000. When the scien- ing happens — maybe it just be- who was not involved in the re- causes Lyme disease. for educating and activating the weaken U.S. alliances, and has
tists added those 388 species to comes noisier and more humid in- search. After the passenger pigeon’s public about the unfolding extinc- benefited from the friction in re-
their original analysis, they found side,” he said. “But if you take too The new study also emphasizes extinction, white-footed mice pop- tion crisis. cent years in U.S.-Philippine rela-
an 84 percent geographic overlap many out, eventually your house the importance of protecting indi- ulations exploded, and the risks to “All of us need to understand tions,” she said. “So a decision by
— largely in the tropics — with will collapse.” vidual populations of animals, not human health increased. The im- that what we do in the next five to Manila to suspend plans to termi-
species in the critically endan- Conservationists, therefore, just a species itself. Based on an pacts of the passenger pigeon’s 10 years will define the future of nate the V.F.A. will be seen as con-
gered group. should consider all species with analysis of the current and histori- extinction, researchers wrote in humanity,” Dr. Ceballos said. trary to Chinese interests.”
There was no immediate com-
ment from China on the Philippi-
nes’s decision.

To the Chagrin of Many, In February, Mr. Duterte had or-

dered the termination of the Vis-
iting Forces Agreement, endan-

Rules Made Them Form gering a security blanket for the

Philippines, which has been fac-
ing increasingly hostile Chinese

A ‘Conga Line Parliament’ actions in the South China Sea.

Under the agreement, Washing-
ton and Manila had 180 days after
the issuance of a termination no-
By STEPHEN CASTLE least I’m now in the queue,” said tice — until August, in this case —
LONDON — The line of law- John Healey, from the Labour to try to salvage the deal.
makers waiting to vote stretched Party, using the British word for a The pact permitted the United
around an ancient hall, out line, “rather than the queue for the States military to conduct large-
through a cobbled courtyard and queue.” scale joint exercises in the Phil-
along an underground passage Yet here, of all places, the rules ippines, decades after the Ameri-
before snaking around an atrium are the rules, and on Tuesday cans were evicted from naval
to the cafeteria — all told, it was those who tried to force the au- bases north of Manila because of
over half a mile in length. thorities to continue with digital lease disagreements.
On Tuesday, the joke was that voting were confronted by the Mr. Duterte’s decision to end
Britain’s Parliament was a bit like awkward fact that they had to the military alliance had followed
Disneyland, but without the fun. vote for it, in person. Washington’s refusal to grant a
At the insistence of their gov- Then, to make matters worse, visa to the Philippine lawmaker,
ernment, lawmakers returned they lost. Ronald dela Rosa, the early archi-
from a short vacation to find them- The episode was particularly tect of Mr. Duterte’s violent war
selves obeying pre-pandemic galling for those lawmakers who against drugs.
rules that, in line with traditions are among the two million Britons The notice to terminate the Vis-
that reach back centuries, require deemed most vulnerable to iting Forces Agreement came as
voting in person. Covid-19 because of their age or JONATHAN BRADY/PRESS ASSOCIATION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS Mr. Duterte was warming up to
With the added burden of social pre-existing conditions. Those British lawmakers keeping their distance outside the House of Commons in London on Tuesday. China while distancing himself
distancing rules, however, law- groups have been instructed to from the United States, the Phil-
makers standing in what was be- stay home almost all the time, and ippines’ former colonial ruler, and
founded, because before strict so- way. spread around the country. Gov- alarmed those in his administra-
ing called the “conga line Parlia- until Tuesday, the lawmakers cial distancing rules were put in “The risk is that this turns Par- ernment business managers may tion who saw the alliance as a cor-
among them could still do their place, Parliament was the site of liament from a global leader in also hope that opposition lawmak- nerstone of Philippine security
jobs, debating and voting digitally. an early outbreak of Covid-19, the adapting to the pandemic into an ers will be less inclined to amend and a counterweight to China’s
“There will probably be a cou- disease that is caused by the vi- international laughingstock,” said
Is remote, digital ple of hundred M.P.s who won’t be rus. Ruth Fox, director of the Hansard
government bills because of the
time each vote will take.
growing regional naval might.
Mr. Duterte had been lashing
able to vote,” said Robert Halfon, a
legislating any less Conservative, referring to the 650
“This is ridiculous when we
have an app developed to do the
society, a research organization
focused on Parliament. Insisting
At the center of the furor is Ja- out at the United States, saying
cob Rees-Mogg, the leader of the that it had always gotten the bet-
effective? members of Parliament. Mr. Hal-
fon is among those lawmakers.
job,” Catherine McKinnell, an op- on physical voting, she added, House of Commons, and a man ter of the pact. He also had com-
position Labour lawmaker, fumed could mean that the votes would who has built a whole career on plained that American troops took
The government led by his on Twitter. “What is the Govern- take as long as the debates. their modern weapons with them
cultivating a self-consciously old-
party leader, Prime Minister ment so afraid of that they will Some have speculated that the after the military exercises.
fashioned demeanor.
ment” waited, with varying de- Boris Johnson, “was snipping risk spreading a deadly virus over hostility toward a virtual Parlia- Under the Visiting Forces
grees of impatience, to play their away against the democratic During the peak of the pan-
allowing Members of Parliament ment comes from Mr. Johnson, demic he agreed to remote work- Agreement, Philippine forces
part in the democratic process. rights of M.P.s, turning us all into to vote online?” who has looked uncomfortable have received training from their
For some, this was a welcome, if parliamentary eunuchs, and part ing, but has since pressed for a re-
There are also worries that if during Prime Minister’s Ques- sumption of business as usual, ar- American counterparts to combat
inconvenient, return to the time- of this is because of a kind of He- lawmakers from Scotland, for ex- tions, his weekly duel with the terrorism and drug trafficking.
honored ways of a Parliament that Man, Tarzan-like mentality,” Mr. guing that the digital Parliament
ample, feel unable to attend, that new leader of the opposition, Keir Hundreds of joint exercises are
survived a devastating fire in the Halfon told the BBC. is less effective than the real thing.
could weaken democratic ac- Starmer. conducted annually.
19th century and the bombs of the In a minor concession, the gov- On Tuesday, Mr. Rees-Mogg
countability, with negative conse- With a maximum of 50 lawmak- Jose Antonio Custodio, a mili-
Luftwaffe in World War II. ernment has said that it would al- told Parliament that many people tary historian at the Institute of
quences for the unity of the nation. ers allowed in the chamber at a
To others, it was an incompre- low those medically unable to at- time, and none of the usual cheer- were going back to work and that Policy, Strategy and Development
What makes the turn of events
hensible decision to prevent law- tend to contribute digitally to par- more surprising is that Parlia- ing on display, it has become an lawmakers “have a role as lead- Studies, a Philippine think tank,
makers from using modern tech- liamentary procedures, but not to ment had been operating a sur- exchange more suited to the fo- ers” to do the same, glossing over said that many of Mr. Duterte’s
nology to vote remotely, as they vote. prisingly smooth “hybrid” system rensic courtroom skills of Mr. the fact that official government own allies had not been enthusias-
had been doing during the height Instead, the government said, with no more than 50 lawmakers Starmer, a former lawyer, than the advice is that those who can work tic about ending the treaty, and po-
of the coronavirus pandemic. they could seek an agreement to in the compact House of Com- bombastic prime minister. from home should continue to do tentially a military alliance that
“It’s an absolute disgrace, a to- stay away with a lawmaker from mons at a time, and others calling But since that restriction on so. stretched back to 1951.
tal shambles,” said Ben Bradshaw, an opposing party, effectively can- in from home via Zoom. numbers in the chamber will re- Voting in Parliament should not Mr. Custodio said that Manila
a Labour lawmaker, as he waited celing each other’s vote. Voting, too, had taken place main, it seems unlikely that the be done “quietly and secretly,” he needed the alliance more than the
in line, adding that some of his col- But that has left many angry, electronically for the first time in noise level will rise. said, before noting that “some United States did, adding that the
leagues had almost been crushed particularly lawmakers from ar- the history of Parliament. This Ms. Fox believes that the real people tweeted that they were do- economic effects of the coro-
as they navigated an escalator. eas far from London who worry also seemed to work, even if on motivation is the government’s ing it while going for a walk and navirus pandemic would “wallop”
Another lawmaker took a more that they risk spreading the virus one occasion the chancellor of the desire to maintain discipline things like that.” the Philippines’ ability to main-
philosophical approach, despite a by traveling the length of the Exchequer, Rishi Sunak, acciden- among its lawmakers, something “Is that really the way to be vot- tain and modernize its armed
wait of around 40 minutes. “At country. Their fears are not ill- tally voted remotely the wrong that is much harder when they are ing on laws?” he asked. forces.
A14 N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

‘Going in the Wrong Direction’:

Tropical Forests Are Shrinking
Alto Paraíso, Brazil Oseka, Democratic Republic of Congo

SCOTT REINHARD/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Deforestation data of primary tropical forest between 2001 and 2019, provided by World Resources Institute’s Global Forest Watch program, above and at bottom, shows tree loss.

Brazil Is Responsible
For Over a Third
Of Global Losses
By HENRY FOUNTAIN
Destruction of tropical forests
worldwide increased last year, led
again by Brazil, which was re-
sponsible for more than a third of
the total, and where deforestation
of the Amazon through clear-cut-
ting appears to be on the rise un-
der the pro-development policies
of the country’s president.
The worldwide total loss of old-
growth, or primary, tropical forest
— 9.3 million acres, an area nearly
the size of Switzerland — was
about 3 percent higher than 2018
and the third largest since 2002.
Only 2016 and 2017 were worse,
when heat and drought led to
record fires and deforestation, es-
pecially in Brazil.
“The level of forest loss we saw
in 2019 is unacceptable,” said
Frances Seymour, a fellow with
the environmental research group
World Resources Institute, which
released the deforestation data
through its Global Forest Watch
program. “We seem to be going in
the wrong direction.” VICTOR MORIYAMA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
“There has been so much inter-
Fires making way for cattle grazing by the Amazon rainforest in northwest Brazil last year. The Brazilian president has aggressively pursued forest development.
national effort and rhetoric
around reducing deforestation,
and companies and governments has begun dismantling programs The data shows that while there
making all these commitments Ascension, Bolivia that protect Indigenous lands. were a significant number of fires
that they are going to reduce by Ms. Weisse said that the fires last year in Indonesia, most were
half their tropical forest loss by actually contributed relatively lit- on land that had already been de-
2020,” said Mikaela Weisse, who tle to Brazil’s total primary forest graded in the past, which was also
manages the Global Forest Watch loss of about 3.4 million acres in the case in Brazil.
program. “The fact that it’s been 2019, an amount only slightly Elsewhere, Colombia also
so stubbornly persistent is what’s higher than 2018’s total. showed improvement, with a de-
worrying to us.” Many of the fires occurred on cline in deforestation similar to
Global Forest Watch re- lands that had been previously de- the level of 2016. A peace agree-
searchers estimated that the loss forested and were being burned in ment that year between the gov-
of primary tropical forest in 2019 preparation for planting or ranch- ernment and a leftist guerrilla
resulted in the release of more ing, she said. Only about one-fifth movement that had strictly en-
than 2 billion tons of carbon diox- of fires burned in primary forest. forced limits on logging in areas
ide, or more than the emissions Instead, data from the Brazilian under its control had led to a
from all on-road vehicles in the government’s forest-monitoring power vacuum in those areas, al-
United States in a typical year. programs and other projects lowing illegal logging to prolifer-
Ms. Seymour said the outlook showed an increase in clear-cut- ate. Deforestation in 2017 and 2018
for 2020 is not good as the coro- ting of primary forests for agricul- soared.
navirus pandemic continues. ture, Ms. Weisse said. “Even In Central Africa, the Demo-
Restrictions on mobility and though the overall primary forest cratic Republic of Congo showed
looming budget cuts as a result of trend is only a small increase, we little sign of progress. Annual loss
the economic fallout from the think that deforestation is getting of primary forest has more than
global crisis may hamper efforts worse,” she said. doubled since 2012, and although
to enforce anti-deforestation laws, In neighboring Bolivia, fires the 2019 total was slightly lower
she said. “Bad actors will try to were a major cause of what was a than the year before, it was higher
take advantage with more illegal significant increase in deforesta- than 2017. “We’re seeing sus-
logging, mining, clearing and tion last year. The country’s pri- tained amounts of loss,” said Eliz-
poaching.” mary forest loss of 720,000 acres abeth Goldman, a research man-
Global Forest Watch uses data was nearly double the total from ager for Global Forest Watch.
from researchers at the Univer- 2018. Bolivia now ranks fourth in While most of the deforestation
sity of Maryland who have devel- deforestation globally behind appears to be linked to subsist-
oped machine-learning software Brazil, the Democratic Republic of ence farming, there are signs that
to analyze satellite imagery for Congo and Indonesia. some may be related to large-
loss of tree cover. Over all in the However, there were encourag- scale commercial agriculture or
tropics, that loss amounted to ing signs that efforts to reduce de- mining.
nearly 30 million acres last year. forestation had some results in But in West Africa, both Ghana
Since 2000, the world has lost 2019. Indonesia provided a rare bit and Ivory Coast showed signifi-
about 10 percent of its tropical tree of good news, with primary forest cant declines in primary forest
cover. loss declining for the third year in loss, the data showed. Ghana’s to-
Other analyses of deforestation row. The decrease, by 5 percent tal of about 14,000 acres was its
come up with different numbers. from 2018, to about 800,000 acres, lowest since 2014; Ivory Coast had
Two United Nations agencies, in came despite extensive fires in its lowest total since 2005, at
their most recent report on the the country last fall. 29,000 acres.
subject, issued last month, said Widespread fires earlier in the Deforestation in both countries
deforestation worldwide aver- decade had caused extensive de- has largely been spurred by in-
aged about 25 million acres a year forestation and hazardous air pol- creasing cocoa production for
since 2015. Their analysis relies on tant for storing carbon dioxide selective logging; or through fires drew widespread condemnation lution that reached neighboring world markets. The governments
reporting from each country. from the atmosphere and for that are set as part of land-clear- from environmental groups and countries. Since then, the Indone- of both countries, and large cocoa
Much of the tree cover loss that maintaining biodiversity, and can ing efforts but can spread out of world leaders who have been criti- sian government, under interna- and chocolate producers, had
the Maryland researchers’ data take decades to recover once de- control. cal of the Brazilian president, Jair tional pressure, has established agreed on initiatives to reduce or
reveals occurs tree plantations or stroyed. Brazil and many other tropical Bolsonaro. policies that include a moratorium end deforestation. The decline is a
other areas that are not old- That destruction can occur in countries experience those kinds Mr. Bolsonaro, who took office on land clearing for certain activi- sign that these efforts might be
growth forests. The scientists several ways: clear-cutting for ag- of fires every year. Brazil had a at the beginning of 2019, has ag- ties, ramped up enforcement of il- working, Ms. Weisse said, al-
then do additional analysis to de- riculture, ranching, mining or high number in 2019, especially in gressively pursued development legal forest cutting, and coordi- though “it’s a little early to say too
termine the loss from those old- other uses and for accompanying August. The blazes, which were in the Amazon, including mining nated efforts to limit the spread of much yet, because it’s just one
growth forests, which are impor- roads and other infrastructure; widely reported on social media, and large-scale agriculture, and fires. year.”
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 A15
N

New Crisis: Red Cross Warns of Rapidly Dwindling Blood Supply

By CHRISTOPHER FLAVELLE
WASHINGTON — As protests and vi-
olence erupt in cities, the United States
faces a new threat: The country is run-
ning out of blood.
Several months of social distancing
and stay-at-home orders have resulted in
fewer people donating blood, according
to health care workers, with collection
drives at offices, schools and churches
canceled en masse. For a while, the drop
in donations was not critical because
supply and demand fell in tandem as
most surgeries were canceled and far
fewer people were getting injured in car
crashes and other accidents.
But now, even as hospitals have re-
sumed elective surgeries and many
Americans are venturing out of their
homes again, the rate of blood donations
has yet to bounce back. The result is
what Chris Hrouda, president of bio-
medical services for the American Red
Cross, which collects about 40 percent of
the country’s blood donations, called a
“staggering” drop in supply.
“Our inventories have been cut in
half,” Mr. Hrouda said. “We’re starting to
get into a critical situation.”
As demand keeps rising across the
country, hurricane season, projected to
be even more devastating than usual,
may also increase the need for blood sup-
plies. Multiple intense storms may also
make it harder to collect.
The Red Cross, which usually has
enough blood supplies to meet the na-
tion’s needs for five days, now has less
than two days’ worth, Mr. Hrouda said.
In response, the group on Sunday
stopped sending hospitals around the
country the full amount of blood re-
quested in their standing orders, instead
providing just 75 percent of the requests.
If donations don’t increase in the next SCOTT OLSON/GETTY IMAGES

week or two, Mr. Hrouda added, the Red A blood drive at the Field Museum of Natural History last month in Chicago,
Cross will have to cut that amount even above, and one in April in San Diego, left. Hurricane season, forecast to be
further, sending hospitals just half their more devastating than usual this year, may increase the need for blood.
requested amounts. He said the Red
Cross was still fulfilling emergency or-
“We’re entering these seasons where
ders.
“It puts hospitals and doctors in the
Donations that dropped we know there’s typically more strain on
precarious position of deciding who gets during lockdowns have the blood supply,” said Adriane Casalotti,
chief of government and public affairs
blood,” Mr. Hrouda said.
Further aggravating the shortage, yet to bounce back. for the National Association of County
said Brian Gannon, chief executive of the and City Health Officials, which repre-
Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center in sents about 3,000 local health depart-
Texas, is that many hospitals are per- said. Still, she said, hospitals are urging ments. “You want to be ready for an in-
forming surgeries at an even faster clip people to donate. flux of patients.”
than before the pandemic as they try to Hurricane season often increases the Asked how the federal government
work through the backlog of operations. demand for blood and will make the was preparing for the impact of a blood
“Slow down on your electives,” Mr. problem even more challenging, experts shortage on this year’s disasters, FEMA
Gannon said he had told the roughly hun- warned. referred questions to the Department of
dred hospitals that get blood from his Elizabeth A. Zimmerman, who ran dis- Health and Human Services, which did
center. aster operations for the Federal Emer- not respond.
Some of the most crucial types of blood gency Management Agency during the The combination of growing demand
are in even shorter supply. The most im- Obama administration, said some kinds from hospitals, continued limits on typi-
portant is Type O-negative, which can be of storms can lead to an influx of people cal blood drives and, projections suggest,
ARIANA DREHSLER/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
given to any person, regardless of their who need medical help. She cited what a bad storm season makes it all the more
blood type — and is therefore especially she called “pop-up hurricanes,” which important for people to donate blood,
useful for patients who can’t wait for doc- N.J., and president-elect of the American Rosenberg cautioned. accelerate quickly and so may not pro- said Mr. Hrouda of the Red Cross, before
tors to determine their blood type. College of Emergency Physicians. “We’re in a crisis that potentially can vide people enough time to evacuate. the supply falls even further.
Mr. Gannon said he usually had a “We’re running critically low in certain really escalate,” he said. “If this contin- Emergency managers encourage peo- He said the Red Cross takes steps to
three- to four-day supply of Type O red blood types like O-negative,” Dr. Rosen- ues, we’re going to put patients at risk.” ple to help survivors by donating blood ensure the safety of its donation sites —
blood cells. Now he has just one or two berg said. “I get about half of what I Michelle Hood, chief operating officer during and after disasters, Ms. Zimmer- requiring the use of masks, taking the
days’ worth. need.” for the American Hospital Association, man said. But this year, she added, that temperature of donors, and cleaning all
The drop has already started to com- For now, emergency rooms can use said the country’s hospitals “are criti- message might not have the same re- the equipment. He urged people to get
plicate the jobs of emergency room doc- workarounds, such as delaying pro- cally aware of the potential implications sults. back in the habit of giving.
tors, according to Mark S. Rosenberg, cedures long enough to find out a pa- of shortages of blood.” Local health officials warned that the “We’re trying to avoid yet another cri-
chairman of emergency medicine at St. tient’s blood type. “We have not yet heard of blood supply shortage has made it harder to get ready sis in the country,” he said. “We’ve got
Joseph’s Health in Paterson and Wayne, But that will only work for so long, Dr. issues impacting patient care,” Ms. Hood for hurricanes and other disasters. enough on our hands.”

Many Restaurant Owners Nourish Protesters With Food, Supplies and Donations
By TEJAL RAO
The Los Angeles chef Josef Centeno
woke up early Saturday morning, to find
piles of smashed glass and scrawls of
graffiti at his downtown restaurants.
Like so many businesses, his Bar Amá
and Bäco Mercat had been vandalized
during protests overnight.
Though home improvement stores
were running low on plywood, Mr. Cen-
teno tracked some down from a friend
and, like business owners around the
country, cleaned up his sidewalk and
boarded up his storefronts for the night
ahead. “We are already in a tough posi-
tion, and our insurance won’t cover this,”
he said.
But the anger and frustration he felt
wasn’t directed at the tens of thousands
of people who marched throughout the
weekend against racism and police bru-
tality, to protest police killings of black
Americans after the death of George
Floyd. CORAL VON ZUMWALT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

“I’m in full support, in total solidarity, Josef Centeno, seen in 2019 at his restaurant Amácita, said he was “in total solidarity” with protesters, even after vandals hit two of his Los Angeles restaurants.
with the protesters,” Mr. Centeno said. Right, Maria Acosta, who owns several McDonald’s restaurants in Texas, had crews give food to volunteers cleaning up on Sunday after looting in San Antonio.
“We need change, period.”
In 140 cities around the United States,
sage they are trying to get out is being cers in riot gear using batons, tear gas, tra and Wildair in New York City, said his African-American and people of color,”
restaurants have been vandalized,
drowned out by a few individuals trying pepper spray and rubber bullets on pro- businesses, with matching funds from he said. “We don’t want to come out be-
looted and sometimes burned. Owners
are angry, scared and frustrated. But to do bad.” testers, bystanders and journalists. several wine importers, had raised about cause of the virus, and now we don’t want
many have played an increasingly im- She said hundreds of volunteers, in- A few blocks from where Mr. Floyd $20,000 so far for Minnesota Freedom to come out because of the police brutal-
portant role in supporting protesters — cluding protesters, showed up on Sun- was killed in Minneapolis, the owners of Fund, Reclaim the Block, Brooklyn Com- ity.”
providing them with food, supplies and Pimento Jamaican Kitchen packed go- munity Bail Fund, Black Visions Col- After months of lockdown, and the
donations. bags for marchers that included critical lective and Disability Justice Culture sudden reopening of dining rooms in
And though some business owners supplies to protect themselves from both Club. many cities, restaurants have been met
aren’t making a distinction among the ‘They have a voice that coronavirus and any violence by the po- Other owners, even those supporting with fast-changing curfew schedules, on
angry protesters who march by day and lice: gloves, face masks and face shields, the protests, were deeply worried for the top of public transportation shutdowns,
violent looters who follow at night, oth- needs to be heard,’ a eyewash kits, gauze and other first aid. safety of their employees and diners. many in neighborhoods now patrolled by
the National Guard.
ers see a clear difference.
Maria Acosta, 43, the owner and oper-
McDonald’s owner says. “If people are going to be out, people
have the right to demonstrate,” said
Matthew Nelson, the owner of Mangos
Caribbean Restaurant in Atlanta, looked Back in downtown Los Angeles, after
ator of nine McDonald’s restaurants in Scott McDonald, a manager at Pimento. out for those stranded when early cur- he finished boarding up his windows, Mr.
San Antonio and Corpus Christi, Texas, “If that’s what you are going to do and fews went into effect, and mass transit Centeno checked the schedule of protest
was shocked by the damage that looters day morning to clean up — repotting you’re going to exercise that right, do it was shut down, calling Uber cars for his routes against city curfews. He knew
had inflicted in San Antonio, and wanted tipped plants, sweeping up glass and as safely as possible.” employees. “I support the protest, but I that some of his staff might be among the
to feed the volunteers cleaning up. scrubbing away graffiti. With help from Though some restaurants have re- don’t support any rioting and violence,” demonstrators, holding up homemade
“You feel for the protester,” she said. her brother and sister, who also own Mc- mained quiet, not issuing a statement said Mr. Nelson, who saw protesters be- signs, kneeling in front of police barri-
“They have a voice that needs to be Donald’s locations in the area, Ms. one way or another, many have shown ing arrested outside his restaurant. cades with their hands up, running from
heard, and it is unfortunate that the mes- Acosta packed about 800 meals of support for the protests on their social After the demonstrations in Atlanta on tear gas, desperate to make themselves
chicken nuggets, cheeseburgers and ap- media feeds, going beyond hashtags and Friday, Michael Davis, the general man- heard.
Reporting was contributed by Brett An- ples to feed them. famous quotations to help fund activists ager of BQE Restaurant and Lounge, “For now the safest thing is to stay
derson, Priya Krishna, Amelia Nieren- As violence escalated over the week- in their communities. said people were scared to go out. closed,” he said. “But we’ll see how to-
berg and Pete Wells. end, videos on social media showed offi- Fabian von Hauske, an owner of Con- “A vast majority of our customers are morrow looks.”
A16 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Unrest in the Streets The White House

How Trump’s Idea for a Photo Op Turned Into Havoc in a Park

ter job with security. Reporters
From Page A1 were told a statement would be
from the White House, followed by coming, but the march to the
a phalanx of aides and Secret church was kept a secret.
Service agents as he made his Mr. Barr made a trip out of the
way to the church, where he posed White House and into Lafayette
stern-faced, holding up a Bible Square only to find that the plan to
that his daughter pulled out of her expand the security perimeter
$1,540 Max Mara bag. had not been carried out. He or-
The resulting photographs of dered the law enforcement offi-
Mr. Trump striding purposefully cers on the ground to complete the
across the square satisfied his expansion, which would mean dis-
long-held desire to project persing protesters, but there was
strength, images that members of not enough time to do so before
his re-election campaign team the president’s planned state-
quickly began recirculating and ment.
pinning to their Twitter home
pages once he was safely back in Before the Clash
the fortified White House.
The scene of mayhem — barely At 5:07 p.m., National Guard
1,000 feet from the symbol of trucks loaded with troops headed
American democracy — that pre- north on West Executive Avenue,
ceded the walk evoked images a lane on the White House com-
more commonly associated with pound between the West Wing
and the Eisenhower Executive Of-
authoritarian countries, but that
fice Building, and drove past the
did not bother the president, who
visitors’ entrance, out the gates
has long flirted with overseas
and turned right onto Pennsylva-
strongmen and has expressed
nia Avenue.
envy of their ability to dominate.
Shortly after, two members of
Throughout his time in office,
the Secret Service counterassault
Mr. Trump has generated concern
team appeared on the roof of the
over what critics see as his auto-
West Wing with guns and binocu-
cratic instincts, including his
lars, peering north toward La-
claims to untrammeled power to
fayette Square. While snipers are
“do whatever I want,” his attacks
stationed on the main roof of the
on quasi-autonomous institutions
White House from time to time,
of government like the F.B.I. or in-
they are not usually deployed on
spectors general and his efforts to
top of the West Wing, and the sight
discredit independent sources of
was jarring for regulars at the
information that anger him, like
building.
the news media he denounces as
ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES The White House press corps
the “enemy of the people.”
The police beginning to advance on a peaceful protest in Lafayette Square, across from the White House, on Monday. The forces was summoned to the Rose Gar-
And when the history of the den at 6:03 p.m. Outside the gates
Trump presidency is written, the used a chemical irritant and flash bang grenades to clear the park so President Trump could walk over to pose at a nearby church. and across Lafayette Square,
clash at Lafayette Square may be some of the officers in riot gear
remembered as one of its defining knelt and some protesters initially
moments. thought they were expressing sol-
Mr. Trump and his inner circle idarity as the police have done in
considered it a triumph that would other cities, but in fact they were
resonate with many middle Amer- putting on their gas masks.
icans turned off by scenes of ur- At 6:17 p.m., a large phalanx of
ban riots and looting that have ac- officers wearing Secret Service
companied nonviolent protests of uniforms began advancing on pro-
the police killing of a subdued testers, climbing or jumping over
black man in Minneapolis. barriers at the edge of the square
But critics, including some fel- at H Street and Madison Place. Of-
low Republicans, were aghast at ficials said later that the police
the use of force against Americans warned protesters to disperse
who posed no visible threat at the three times, but if they did, report-
time, all to facilitate what they ers on the scene as well as many
deemed a ham-handed photo op- demonstrators did not hear it.
portunity featuring all white Some form of chemical agent
faces. Some Democratic senators was fired at protesters, flash bang
used words like “fascist” and “dic- DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES EVAN VUCCI/ASSOCIATED PRESS
grenades went off and mounted
tator” to describe the president’s police moved toward the crowds.
words and actions. basement during demonstrations Mr. Trump and Mr. Pence then ployed its “special response wash if protesters were tear- “People were dropping to the
Bishop Mariann Edgar Budde over the weekend. “The president conducted a conference call with teams” to protect agency facilities gassed by the police. ground” at the sound of bangs and
of the Episcopal Diocese of Wash- very much felt when he saw those the nation’s governors in which and be on call for more. While there were occasionally pops that sounded like gunfire,
ington, who was not consulted be- images on Sunday night — that the president berated them for be- But others were reluctant to some aggressive encounters with Ms. Gerbasi said. “We started see-
forehand, said she was “outraged” crossed a terrible line, that goes ing “weak” and “fools,” advising help. Mr. Trump was so ag- the police, Ms. Gerbasi said, it was ing and smelling tear gas, and
over the use of one of her churches way beyond peaceful protesting,” them to “dominate” the demon- gressive on the call with gover- largely calm. “There were a few people were running at us.”
as a political backdrop to boast of Kellyanne Conway, his counselor, strators. Mr. Esper talked about nors that when Gov. Ralph tense moments,” she said. “But it By 6:30 p.m., she said, “Sud-
squelching protests against rac- told reporters. controlling “the battlespace.” Northam of Virginia received a re- was peaceful.” denly the police were on the patio
ism. Even some White House offi- But she distanced him from the The president rhapsodized quest to send up to 5,000 of his Inside the White House nearby, of St. John’s Church in a line, lit-
cials privately expressed dismay decisions on how to disperse the about the crackdown in Minne- state’s National Guard troops, he Mr. Trump was coming up with his erally pushing and shoving people
that the president’s entourage had crowd. “Clearly, the president apolis once the National Guard grew concerned. His staff con- plan to walk to the church. Several off of the patio.”
not thought to include a single doesn’t know how law enforce- moved in. “It’s a beautiful thing to tacted Ms. Bowser’s office and dis- administration officials said it was Julia Dominick, a seminarian
person of color. ment is handling his movement,” watch,” he said. “It just can’t be covered that the mayor had not his own idea; two officials said with the Virginia Theological
Mayor Muriel E. Bowser of she said. any better. There’s no experiment even been notified of the request. that Mr. Meadows credited Ms. Seminary in Alexandria, Va., and
Washington sharply objected on This account of the clash is needed. You don’t have to do At that point, Mr. Northam turned Trump during a senior staff meet- a former emergency room nurse,
Tuesday and said the federal gov- based on descriptions by report- tests.” the White House down. Similarly, ing on Tuesday. It was conceived was tending to a hurt protester
ernment had even privately ers at the scene, interviews with Gov. Andrew Cuomo of New York during an Oval Office meeting when a police line advanced.
broached the idea of taking over dozens of protesters, White House Midday Planning that included Ms. Trump; Mr. “There was not a warning,” she
the city’s police force, which she aides, law enforcement officials, Meadows; Jared Kushner, the said. “I’ve never been in a war.
pledged to resist. “I don’t think the city leaders and others involved in In Washington, Mr. Barr was in president’s son-in-law and senior I’ve never been shot at. I’ve never
military should be used in the the tense day as well as an analy- charge of the federal response and
an alphabet soup of agencies had
A scene of mayhem adviser; and Hope Hicks, another
top adviser.
been afraid in that way. Those
streets of American cities against sis of video footage from the New sounds and the gas, it will be with
Americans,” she said, “and I defi- York Times’s visual investigations contributed officers, agents and next to the symbol of At some point, Anthony Ornato, me.” (No police agency acknowl-
team. troops to defend the White House a Secret Service veteran who
nitely don’t think it should be done
for a show.” and other federal installations. American democracy. serves as deputy chief of staff for
edged using tear gas, but report-
ers and protesters on the scene
Arlington County in suburban Mr. Barr was concerned about operations, was brought in to co-
Morning Debate said there was clearly a chemical
Virginia withdrew its police from demonstrations near the White ordinate the logistics of the visit. irritant of some kind.)
those assembled to guard the Mr. Trump was stirred up on House over the weekend that had Ms. Hicks came up with the visu-
called off buses of National Guard At 6:43 p.m., Mr. Trump made
White House and other federal Monday morning as he met with resulted in a small basement fire als for how it would look. But offi-
troops that were to head to Wash- his statement in the Rose Garden,
sites after the Lafayette Square national security and law enforce- at St. John’s and graffiti on the cials privately conceded that little
ington. finishing seven minutes later, and
clash. Even beforehand, Demo- ment advisers to discuss what Treasury Department headquar- thought was given to what Mr.
By midafternoon on Monday, then headed back through the
cratic governors in Virginia, New could be done about the street un- ters, so he resolved to push the se- Trump would do once he actually
protesters had gathered again on White House to emerge on the
York and Delaware refused to rest. The advisers told him that he curity perimeter farther from the got to the church. There was some
H Street at the north side of La- north side and walk out the gates
send National Guard troops re- could not let the nation’s capital be mansion. discussion of going inside, but it
fayette Square, this time peace- and into the park. Mr. Barr, Mr. Es-
quested by the Trump administra- overrun, that the symbolism was Reinforcements were sum- was boarded up. per, General Milley, Mr. Meadows,
too important and that he had to moned. Just before noon, an alert fully. The Rev. Gini Gerbasi, the The president and his team de-
tion. rector of St. John’s Church in Ms. Trump, Mr. Kushner and oth-
The spectacle staged by the get it under control that night. went out to every Washington- cided he would first make a state- ers followed him, but Mr. Pence
Among the ideas put on the ta- area agent with Homeland Securi- Georgetown and a former assist- ment in the Rose Garden in which
White House also left military ant rector at St. John’s, arrived and his staff hung back as the
leaders struggling to explain ble was invoking the Insurrection ty Investigations, a division of he would express sympathy for building emptied and watched on
Act, a two-century-old law that ICE, telling them to prepare to as- around 4 p.m. with cases of water the family of George Floyd, the
themselves in response to criti- television instead.
would enable the president to sist with any demonstration, ac- for the demonstrators. Joining her black man who died in Minneapo-
cism from retired officers that The president’s movement sur-
send in active-duty military to cording to an email labeled with a on the church patio were about 20 lis when a police officer knelt on
they had allowed themselves to be prised nearly everyone, as he in-
quell disturbances over the objec- “high” severity. The F.B.I. de- clergy members who passed out his neck for nearly nine minutes,
used as political props. Defense tended, including law enforce-
tions of governors. The act has ployed its elite hostage rescue snacks. but then he would take a strong
Secretary Mark T. Esper and Gen. ment. The Washington police
long been controversial. Presi- team, highly armed and trained Next to them on the patio, a stance in favor of reclaiming the
Mark A. Milley, the chairman of chief said he was notified only mo-
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, put out dent George Bush invoked it in agents more accustomed to ar- group affiliated with Black Lives streets. He would threaten to in- ments beforehand. Park Police
word through military officials 1992 to respond to the Rodney resting dangerous suspects than Matter mixed water and soap in voke the Insurrection Act if gover- commanders on the scene were as
that they did not know in advance King riots only at the request of dealing with riots. And ICE de- squeeze bottles as emergency eye nors and mayors did not do a bet- surprised as everyone else to see
about the dispersal of the pro- California. But in the civil rights the president in the park.
testers or about the president’s era, presidents sent in troops to When he reached St. John’s, Mr.
planned photo op, insisting that enforce desegregation over the re- Trump made no pretense of any
they thought they were accompa- sistance of racist governors. intent other than posing for photo-
nying him to review the troops. Its use is so charged that Presi- graphs — he held up the Bible car-
The police action cleared the dent George W. Bush hesitated to ried by his daughter, then gath-
way for the photo op, but it hardly invoke it to respond to Hurricane ered a few top advisers next to
quelled the anger in the streets. Katrina for fear of looking like he him in a line. He made no remarks
By Tuesday afternoon, demon- was overriding local and state and then, having accomplished
strators had returned to the edge leaders. his purpose, headed back to the
of Lafayette Square — where new Vice President Mike Pence fa- White House, passing in front of a
tall fences had been erected vored the idea, reasoning that it wall with new graffiti saying,
overnight — and shouted their would allow quicker action than “Fuck Trump.”
discontent at the line of black-clad calling up National Guard units, The police and other forces pur-
officers. and he was backed by Mr. Esper. sued demonstrators around the
“Take off the riot gear, I don’t But Mr. Barr and General Milley capital the rest of the evening,
see no riot here,” they chanted. warned against it. The attorney with military helicopters even
Aides on Tuesday defended Mr. general cited concerns about swooping low overhead in what
Trump’s walk to the church, given states’ rights, while General Mil- were called shows of force. Mr.
that a small fire had been set in its ley assured the president that he Barr and General Milley at differ-
had enough force already in the ent points roamed the streets.
Peter Baker, Katie Rogers, Zolan nation’s capital to secure the city By Tuesday morning, Mr.
Kanno-Youngs and Katie Benner and expressed worry about Trump boasted of success. “D.C.
reported from Washington, and putting active-duty soldiers in had no problems last night,” he
Maggie Haberman from New such a role. wrote on Twitter. “Many arrests.
York. Reporting was contributed Several officials came away Great job done by all. Overwhelm-
by Helene Cooper, Thomas Gib- with different impressions of ing force. Domination. Likewise,
bons-Neff, Annie Daniel, Annie where Mark Meadows, the White Minneapolis was great (thank you
Karni, Jonathan Martin, Douglas House chief of staff, stood on the President Trump!).”
EVAN VUCCI/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Mills, Eric Schmitt, Erin Schaff issue, but the discussion grew in- By Tuesday afternoon, the
and Jennifer Steinhauer from creasingly heated as voices were The new fences erected between Lafayette Square and the White House after the protests on Mon- crowds were back and even big-
Washington. raised and tensions escalated. day. The clash there may be remembered as one of the Trump administration’s defining moments. ger.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A17

Unrest in the Streets An Uneasy Nation

DEMETRIUS FREEMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

WHITNEY CURTIS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES PETER VAN AGTMAEL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

A police officer in Brooklyn, top left, and protesters kneeling in front of a line of officers in Ferguson, Mo. A message, right, paid tribute to George Floyd near the site of his
killing in Minneapolis. At a protest on Sunday in Oakland, Calif., a man said he had told his 5-year-old son: “The world we live in is not equal. People look at us different.”

A Firecracker? A Gunshot? Nervous Nights in the Land of the Free-for-All

Sunday came in the form of Mr. Trinh said, his voice quaver- the police continued. Demonstra- troops. and scuba masks to protect their
From Page A1 chants and shouts and police or- ing. “I want my mom.” tors poured accelerants on a Across the country and into the eyes. Fireworks exploded over-
the police struck him in the face. ders barked through loudspeak- The police lined up the demon- wooden pole supporting a “ROAD night, the unpredictability contin- head, emitting a sound that could
And in Washington, a tense stand- ers. More often, the dynamic was strators, bound with flex cuffs, WORK AHEAD” sign and set it on ued, now peaceful, now not. easily be mistaken for gunfire.
off quickly became a conflagra- too fluid and uncertain to guaran- and led them to waiting vans. The fire in the middle of H Street, add- In Seattle, demonstrators knelt And in New York, well into Mon-
tion that included a fire in the tee the safety of a 5-year-old boy, process was strangely cordial; ing further fuel with branches before police blockades to convey day morning, people walked the
basement of a historic church that or even that of a family in a mini- people who seemed like enemy wrenched from nearby trees. A their peaceful intent, and were re- streets of the SoHo neighborhood
President Trump would briefly van. combatants moments earlier small fire was also set in the base- warded with the invitation to con- with armloads of goods just stolen
stand in front of for a photo op — In Atlanta, hundreds of pro- were now just people talking. ment nursery of the 204-year-old tinue their march of protest. from smashed-in luxury stores, as
presumably to convey order — the testers marched for miles in But a peaceful resolution to an St. John’s Church — known as the In Los Angeles, troops holding two New York Police Department
next day. peace, chanting out their cries for anxious standoff was not uni- “church of presidents” — causing M4 rifles stood on the steps of City vans drove down Houston Street.
Unpredictability infuses the air. justice. Then, at the edge of Cen- formly realized. At about the same relatively minor damage. Hall, while protesters taunted sol- The officers inside those vans
And what does unpredictability tennial Olympic Park, an organ- time the confrontation in Minne- The dull clunk of projectiles diers and police officers in the could be seen with their heads
smell like? It is the commingling izer warned them to veer away apolis ended, a woman was shot in against the raised shields of po- streets. One moment a woman bowed.
of street sweat and fire smoke and because demonstrators ahead of the arm in Walnut Creek, Calif., in lice officers echoed through La- was offering her hand to a soldier Over all, the night of uncer-
tear gas. The smoke smacks of de- them were clashing with the po- the midst of the widespread loot- fayette Square, across Pennsyl- who accepted it — leading to a tainty carried a strange feeling of
struction, while the tear gas lice. Few listened, even as others ing of dozens of stores. The city, vania Avenue from the White hug. The next, another woman anonymity. Many police officers
seems to set your face aflame, warned them of tear gas and con- about 25 miles east of San Fran- House. It was just one of the many was taunting a black officer, were concealed behind riot-gear
burning your throat and causing flict. cisco, immediately imposed a cur- jarring sounds of violence and yelling, “Do you get bonuses to armor, with many protesters
your eyes to tear so badly that it “Oh, y’all going the wrong way,” few, with police officers sealing a vandalism unfolding a few hun- shoot black people?” wearing masks and scarves, and
seems you may never stop crying. one man said. He received a few freeway exit with flares and traffic dred yards from where the Presi- In Denver, hundreds marched not only because of the highly con-
In this protracted state of un- insults in return for his concern. cones. dent of the United States and his through streets thick with the tagious coronavirus.
rest not seen in this country in a Then somebody tipped over a In Washington, an ugly push- family were protected this night cough-inducing remnants of tear It was as though the country
half-century, any certainty was portable toilet at a construction and-pull between protesters and by a phalanx of National Guard gas. Protesters wore ski goggles could not quite recognize itself.
absent, with the anger, fear and site. Then people started chant-
opportunism of demonstrations ing. Then a group of young,
filling the void. Was that a fire- masked white men began tearing
cracker or a gunshot? apart a blue-tarped fence that
Nights in America are now was blocking the street, ignoring
when the fever burns the hottest a black woman’s cries to stop be-

WHEREVER YOU
— a fever that set in on Memorial cause “They’re going to blame it
Day, when Derek Chauvin, a white on us.”
police officer, pressed his knee to The fence came down, and hell

ARE IN THE WORLD

the neck of George Floyd, a black broke loose. Firecrackers. Run-
man lying facedown on a Minne- ning. A plume of tear gas, its can-
apolis street, for nearly nine min- isters clattering on the pavement.
utes. The tactic was employed The burning of faces and eyes, the
against a man accused of fobbing
off a counterfeit $20 bill, and
streams of tears and mucus, the
only relief coming from a man YOU CAN EARN YOUR
whose death was captured in a
widely disseminated video.
squirting a milky solution from a
bottle. GRADUATE DEGREE AT
In Minneapolis, where Mr.

NYU SPS
Mr. Chauvin was ultimately
charged with third-degree mur- Floyd was killed and where the
der, but the demonstrations of protests began nearly a week ear-
fury triggered by the encounter lier, a similar confrontation un-
have shown no signs of abating, folded shortly after the 8 p.m. cur-
with some protesters demanding few — and, thus, with an air of in-
the arrests of three other Minne- evitability.
apolis officers at the scene. As a beautiful sunset took
The horrific death of Mr. Floyd shape, hundreds of vociferous
followed an all-too-familiar pat- protesters clustered near a gas
tern of black boys and men being station and Bobby & Steve’s Auto
killed by the police; the names of World downtown, all but boxed in
others — Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, by walls of police officers wearing
Michael Brown among them — body armor and holding batons.
are embedded in the American “We’re just sitting ducks,” a
consciousness. man said.
What’s more, the demonstra- A committed group sat and
tions are taking place in the midst knelt in the street and continued
of another unsettling American to chant. “We’re saying we’re sick
reality. In little more than three of this!” a woman shouted into a
months, the coronavirus pan- megaphone, to which the crowd
demic has killed more than responded, “No justice, no peace.”
100,000 Americans, pushed an- A helicopter buzzed overhead,
other 40 million into unemploy- as the numbers of police officers
ment, and upended much of ev- and members of the National
eryday life. Guard multiplied.
These realities now run like an Then, suddenly, at 8:43 p.m.,
undercurrent through hundreds the police fired tear gas into the
of protests in small towns and crowd, a plume arcing across the
large cities. Some were heated but sky. Stumbling and coughing, During turbulent times, preparing for the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead is a wise
peaceful. Some seemed relatively some demonstrators took cover investment in your career and yourself. NYU School of Professional Studies graduate degrees
calm, only to explode into person- behind gas pumps. Some held up
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causing the kind of damage that another form of action, filming it change and forge ahead.
volunteers with brooms could not all on their cellphones.
sweep away in the morning. With the warm air charged with
At a Sunday evening protest in the acrid smell of tear gas, the FLEXIBILITY FOR FALL 2020
Oakland, Calif., a 5-year-old boy walls of the police began to close
named Chase Butler hung out the in. A few protesters tried to run, Study in New York City OR choose from one of our degrees delivered online OR begin your
back window of his family’s white but soon realized there was no degree remotely from anywhere in the world and join us on campus in Spring 2021. I
minivan, his right hand raised in a use; they were surrounded.
fist, his left holding a cardboard A young man with a skateboard NOTE: Certain restrictions and requirements may apply for international students.
sign that said: “Mama! I can’t ran across the gas station lot in a
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His father, Donovan Butler, 33, pleaded with a guardsman that he GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAMS Contact us to discuss
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Dionne Searcey. “My mom is probably worried,”
A18 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Unrest in the Streets The Toll

Unrest Enters 8th Day;

Activists Ponder Future
ened.
From Page A1 Some demonstrators are de-
officers across a tall chain-link manding that all four officers in-
fence erected overnight. volved in Mr. Floyd’s death be
Thousands more gathered in thrown in jail, not just the one
the heart of Hollywood on Tues- charged last week. “All four,” they
day evening as police officers filed shouted at protests. Many others
out of trucks and formed a skir- are calling for the entire system of
mish line. inequality that they view as the ul-
Mayor Bill de Blasio of New timate cause of Mr. Floyd’s death
York extended the city’s 8 p.m. to be torn down and rebuilt.
curfew — which some groups of Outside the Barclays Center in
protesters again ignored a day af- Brooklyn, a diverse crowd of hun-
ter looting in Midtown — through dreds has gathered nightly, with
Sunday. He also promised to take people chanting against institu-
action against the “outsiders,” tions they feel contribute to racial
“gang members” and “common and socioeconomic divides — in-
criminals” he said were responsi- cluding law enforcement and capi-
talism. Those carrying signs curs-
ble for looting and violence.
ing Amazon and Jeff Bezos have
“I know we will overcome this. I
stood alongside others demand-
want to be abundantly clear,” the
ing an end to police brutality.
mayor said, warning: “We will
“What feels different about
have a tough few days.”
right now is people are angry for
In more than a week of protests, themselves in a way that we did
the violence has continued to es- not see outside of black people
calate, and both the police and four years ago,” said Sharhonda
protesters have been victims. Bossier, who began joining pro-
Officers in New York City and tests affiliated with the Black
Buffalo were plowed over by cars Lives Matter movement in 2013.
and injured. After protests in the In some cities, protesters wor- BRYAN DENTON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
St. Louis area turned violent, four ried that violence could overshad-
police officers were shot and a 77- LOS ANGELES Sitting on Beverly Boulevard this past weekend. The movement has become more diverse, and its goals have expanded.
ow their message and have en-
year-old retired police captain gaged in self-policing to prevent
was shot and killed by looters at a emotions from escalating.
pawnshop. On Monday afternoon, Mr.
And in Las Vegas, a police offi- Floyd’s brother Terrence visited
cer was in critical condition on the spot where his brother was
Tuesday after being shot as the killed, near an intersection that
authorities tried to disperse has turned into a peaceful gather-
ing spot for protesters. One of the
first things Terrence Floyd did
was criticize the looting, window-
Demanding change smashing and arson that has ac-
companied some of the protests.
on the ground and in “If I’m not over here blowing up
the larger system. stuff, if I’m not over here messing
up my community, then what are
you all doing?” he asked, his voice
growing louder. “What are you all
crowds pelting them with bottles doing? You all doing nothing! Be-
and rocks. cause that’s not going to bring my
But protesters, too, have been brother back at all.”
caught in the increasingly forceful Instead, Mr. Floyd, who came to VICTOR J. BLUE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES LUKE SHARRETT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Minneapolis from Brooklyn, MINNEAPOLIS Terrence Floyd, George Floyd’s brother, spoke. LOUISVILLE A demonstrator tried to keep the peace on Monday.
law enforcement crackdowns. In
Atlanta, six police officers were urged people to research political
candidates and vote for change. out water, hand sanitizer and take the streets!” strong; others pleaded to fall back They ran off, returning with
charged with using excessive
force after video footage showed Some particularly uncomfort- snacks. Some have gone as far as But then, a local man came for- for safety. plastic bottles filled with liquid,
able conflicts between white and to use their bodies to shield black ward with a quiet warning. “I’m Later in the night, tensions rose which they poured over the wood
them stopping two college stu-
black protesters have reflected protesters as the police are bear- and containers. At that point, a
dents in a car Saturday night, fir- telling you right now: If you again after Army helicopters de-
the very divide that protesters are ing down on them.
ing Tasers at them and dragging march, they will come full force at scended to rooftop level, kicking group of people hurried over,
hoping to upend.
them out of their vehicle. But some escalations led by you,” he said — people would get up dirt and debris and snapping telling them to stop. One of them
In Baltimore on Saturday night,
“The conduct involved in this white protesters have not been hurt. tree branches in a maneuver often was the woman’s father.
Denicia Baker was chanting,
incident is not indicative of the welcome. Mr. Holiday reconsidered. used in combat zones to scare “What you’re doing — they un-
“Hands up, don’t shoot!” outside
way that we treat people in the “If you show up in these spaces “Word has just got to me that this away insurgents. derstand that violence,” he said
City Hall with a group of about 200
City of Atlanta,” Paul L. Howard, protesters when two young white across the country, you are a might not be the safest thing,” he Some young people wearing angrily. “There ain’t a vehicle that
Jr., the district attorney, said in a men wearing black T-shirts and guest,” said Takirra Winfield announced. masks responded by throwing they have that can’t run through
news conference on Tuesday. ski masks started kicking and Dixon, a former Obama adminis- Across the country, opposing rocks at storefronts, while others fire.”
President Trump has pushed on shaking protective fencing put up tration official and activist based approaches have often been on appeared intent on continuing to The woman looked down.
states to crack down even harder by the police. in Baltimore. “You don’t necessar- display simultaneously in the march peacefully. “You’re my daughter. I got you,”
on the protests, leaving demon- “Stop!” Ms. Baker yelled at the ily have the right to pick up a brick same city. In some cases, the debate he said, and she walked away.
strators debating how to respond men, recording the episode on her and throw it through a window.” On Monday night in Los Ange- among protesters over how to re- Johnetta Elzie, an early partici-
to a growing police and military cellphone. “When you do that, In some cases, conflicts have les, peaceful demonstrators in spond to the police breaks down pant in the Black Lives Matter
presence in the streets. they don’t go after you. They come erupted between local protesters West Hollywood knelt alongside a along generational lines. Just be- movement who co-founded the
As the demographics of the after us.” and others who have come in from police officer in a show of mutual fore midnight on Sunday, rumors group Campaign Zero, which ad-
movement have expanded to in- During a heated exchange, one outside. good will. But in Van Nuys, a few swirled that the authorities were vocates against police violence,
clude a far more diverse popula- of the young men responded: In Minneapolis, Michael “Big miles north, a protest splintered. about to break up protesters near said she had seen the full spec-
tion, the goals have also broad- “They’re going to kill you any- Texas” Holiday, a community ac- Looters broke into a pharmacy the intersection where Mr. Floyd trum of emotional responses that
way.” tivist from Houston as large as his and a Big 5 Sporting Goods store; died. A black woman and two could bubble up in a protest in re-
Kim Barker reported from Minne- Eventually, other protesters re- name, whipped up a crowd on police chased them on foot. white men, all in their 20s, cent days, often based on each
apolis, and Caitlin Dickerson from moved the two white men. Ms. Sunday, telling hundreds of gath- In Washington, D.C., protesters hatched a plan to set fire to a barri- person’s individual life experi-
New York. Reporting was contrib- Baker said she suspected they ered protesters that they needed squabbled on Monday over how to er of garbage containers and ence.
uted by Matthew Furber from Min- only wanted to stir up trouble. to stop giving lip service and take respond as law enforcement wooden palettes to prevent the po- She said divisions were inher-
neapolis, Zolan Kanno-Youngs and In many of the demonstrations, action. wielding pepper spray advanced lice from moving in. ent to protest and should not be
Thomas Gibbons-Neff from Wash- white protesters say they have “You fired up?” he yelled into a upon them. Some shouted “Hey, do you have flammables seen as necessarily detrimental to
ington, and Adam Popescu from tried to hang back and listen or megaphone. People cheered, rais- through the cloud of chemicals in the car?” the woman asked the the cause. “Who am I to stop
Los Angeles. play a supporting role by passing ing their fists into the air. “Let’s that the group should stand men. them?”

Caught in Crossfire, Literally and Politically, Some Officers Feel Like ‘Pawns’
By MANNY FERNANDEZ to tolerate, connect and empa- lines. In Denver, a police officer
It was one small overlooked mo- thize. The message on the streets, was fired on Tuesday after posting
ment as the streets of America at times, is that they are part of the a photo online of three officers in
burned. problem. The message from the armored tactical gear with the
In downtown Dallas near the news media is watch what you say caption, “Let’s start a riot.”
convention center, a protester and do. At a time when tensions are vol-
screamed at a dozen uniformed All of these messages have col- atile on the streets, such missteps
officers. “How do you live with lided in real time as police tactics do more than hurt a department’s
yourself?” the man yelled at are analyzed and publicized on so- image. In Richmond, Va., two offi-
them. “How can you work for cial media, as the response be- cers were being treated for gun-
something you know is wrong?” comes increasingly federalized shot injuries. The shooting oc-
Off to the side, standing near and as officers in several cities are curred hours after the Police De-
the officers, a member of the Dal- pelted with bricks, shot at and partment apologized on Twitter to
las Police Department in civilian rammed by drivers in vehicles. peaceful protesters who were hit
clothes and wearing a mask to In St. Louis on Monday night, with tear gas.
protect herself from the coro- four officers were struck by gun- In many ways, the police re-
navirus was crying. fire in a shootout between gun- sponse to what is happening on
It is a volatile time to be a police men at a protest and the police. In the streets illustrates a kind of
officer in America. Las Vegas, an officer was put on post-Ferguson era of policing. Of-
They have been attacked by life support after he was shot as ficers — not only chiefs but even
protesters and they have also at- police forces tried to disperse the rank and file — have em-
tacked protesters, fueling the an- crowds after being hit with bottles braced the demonstrations and
ger against the officers. Some and rocks. In Buffalo, the driver of aligned themselves so much with
have been applauded nationwide an S.U.V. sped through a line of protesters that they have been in-
after being caught on video shak- law enforcement officers in riot vited to march alongside them. In
ing hands with demonstrators, gear, injuring two of them in an some places, chiefs have become
hugging them, taking a knee, or episode that was caught on video. more politically outspoken and
marching alongside them to turn “We feel like we’re pawns in a WHITNEY CURTIS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES more emotional than they have
tense protests into parades of soli- game right now,” said a supervi- Protesters threw fireworks at officers outside the police department in Ferguson, Mo., on Sunday. been in decades.
darity. Others have been disci- sor in a police department in the At a demonstration in Red-
plined, fired or charged after us- St. Louis region who asked that lands, Calif., protesters knelt and
his name not be used in order to Much of policing, like much of away, but yet these officers have “I’ve gone home once in the last bowed their heads for an ex-
ing excessive force on protesters,
as their superiors — long criti- speak frankly about the job. “It’s politics, is local. become targets for that rage.” four days,” said a Los Angeles offi- tended moment of silence, to rep-
cized for reacting sluggishly, if at almost like there’s an agenda and But the outrage over the death Sgt. Ramirez, 35, was in a com- cer watching the crowd months resent the eight minutes and 46
all, to misconduct — are now we’re being used on both sides, of George Floyd in police custody mand post on Sunday when pro- after having the coronavirus. “My seconds that the Minneapolis offi-
swiftly punishing the kind of the left and the right, to further in Minneapolis has upended that testers began hurling frozen wa- girlfriend had to drop off clothes cer had his knee on Mr. Floyd’s
heavy-handed tactics that have that agenda.” notion, inciting social unrest and ter bottles and rocks at officers. so I could change. It’s been hell, neck. Among those who took a
been commonplace during riots in The supervisor said it felt like a violence for urban and suburban One officer was struck on the el- for everybody. Monsters and Red knee was Chris Catren, the Red-
decades past. more dangerous time to be an offi- police departments across the bow with a projectile. Another Bull, that’s the only thing that’s lands police chief.
The message from the presi- cer than it did during the rioting in country. broke his leg while chasing a loot- keeping me up.” “In policing, you don’t put a toe
dent is to dominate the streets 2014 over the Michael Brown “These type of protests take a er. As the world watches demon- in the water,” he said. “You either
with force. The message from killing in Ferguson, Mo., a senti- significant toll on an officer’s men- In Beverly Hills, Calif., on Tues- strations unfold on television and dive in, or you don’t. When inci-
many of their chiefs and mayors is ment echoed by other law enforce- tal wellness, and they add so much day, several hundred chanting social media, both the best and the dents like this happen, for officers
ment officials. stress,” said Manny Ramirez, a protesters were being monitored worst of American law enforce- all the way across the country, it
Reporting was contributed by Ma- “In 2014, there were threats of sergeant with the Fort Worth Po- by the city’s police officers, who ment has been on display. tarnishes all the work that we’ve
rina Trahan Martinez, Adam violence, people said all kinds of lice Department and the president closed Rodeo Drive and were Protesters, both peaceful and done and all the trust we’ve built
Popescu, Jack Healy and David things,” the supervisor said. “I of the police officers’ union. “This flanked by reinforcements in violent, have been bruised and up with our community, and that’s
Montgomery. never felt that nervous.” is Fort Worth, Texas, 1,000 miles SWAT tactical vehicles. beaten by officers on the front frustrating.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A19

Unrest in the Streets Political Response

Biden Sees ‘a Nation Enraged,’ With the President Fanning the Flame
From Page A1
on to our children and our grand-
children? Fear, anger, finger
pointing, rather than the pursuit
of happiness? Incompetence and
anxiety, self-absorption, selfish-
ness?”
The country, Mr. Biden said,
was “crying out for leadership.”
Mr. Biden’s remarks, which
were by turns optimistic about
America’s potential and somber
about the depth of its challenges,
came as his team moved urgently
to press a more aggressive case
against Mr. Trump at an extraor-
dinarily high-stakes moment for
the country, marked by a pan-
demic, devastating unemploy-
ment numbers, racial strife and
violent clashes between the police
and protesters during the demon-
strations, which in many cities
have also led to looting.
Heightening the tensions, in the
last several days alone, Mr. Trump
has called protesters “terrorists,”
spent time in an underground
bunker and visited a church for
photographs with a Bible, while
peaceful demonstrators were dis-
persed with tear gas to clear his
path. His campaign is increas-
ingly seeking to paint Mr. Biden as
sympathetic to those “causing
mayhem,” as Mr. Trump’s team
put it on Tuesday.
To chart his own vision for the
country, Mr. Biden left his home in
Wilmington, Del., to travel to Phil-
adelphia. It is the city where the
nation’s founding documents
were crafted, where President
Barack Obama gave his famous
speech on race in 2008, and where
Mr. Biden held his first large-scale
rally of the 2020 campaign, prom-
ising to heal the soul of the coun-
try. It is now also a city rocked by
protests and growing racial ten- MARK MAKELA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

sions. Former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. in City Hall in Philadelphia, where he delivered a harsh criticism of President Trump’s handling of the nation’s recent unrest.
In his remarks, which lasted
around 20 minutes, Mr. Biden a ban on police chokeholds. He ter a white police officer knelt on Meanwhile, the coronavirus Coons said. “I wouldn’t be sur- Mr. Biden’s campaign advisers
urged his opponent to consult the urged a “model use-of-force rages on, with more than 100,000 prised if he went to Minneapolis.”
his neck for nearly nine minutes, have engaged in fluid, evolving
Constitution and the Bible instead standard.” He highlighted his Americans dead, and more than A leader, Mr. Coons added,
has set off an outpouring of grief deliberations about how best to
of eviscerating the “guardrails" of promise to create a national police 40 million people who have filed “takes some risks to hear people
and anger across the country. wade back into public activity as
democracy, one of many times in oversight commission. And he for unemployment. and to respect them.”
the speech in which Mr. Biden Peaceful demonstrations during Delaware eases restrictions.
pledged that as president, he the day have turned chaotic at Mr. Trump’s campaign de- Polling shows that Mr. Biden Campaign officials are weigh-
reached for language that has tra- would not “fan the flames of hate.” fended the president’s approach still has work to do in communi-
ditionally had bipartisan appeal. night as images of American cit- ing the need for sensitivity to the
He said, “I’ll seek to heal the ra- ies, under curfew and on fire, blan- to the crisis. cating that image to the nation. A fraught subject matter at hand, as
“The president held up the Bi- cial wounds that have long “President Trump has ad- Washington Post-ABC poll over
ble at St. John’s Church yester- ket television. well as continuing health consid-
plagued our country.” The country, Mr. Biden said, re- dressed the nation twice, ex- the weekend found that Mr.
day,” Mr. Biden, a practicing Ro- erations amid the pandemic, peo-
As Mr. Trump cracks down on quired “leadership that can recog- pressed horror and sorrow for the Trump bested Mr. Biden on the
man Catholic, said. “I just wish he ple close to the team said.
protesters, how Mr. Biden handles nize pain and deep grief of com- death of George Floyd, stood with question of who respondents saw
opened it once in awhile instead of the coming weeks could define his the peaceful protesters, and made as a strong leader. “It’s a challenge to be in this
brandishing it. If he opened it, he candidacy for the final five it clear that he would not abide our But the same survey had Mr. Bi- kind of environment,” said Ms.
could have learned something. months of the presidential con- cities being overtaken by violent, den with a 10-percentage-point Blunt Rochester on Sunday. “We
That we’re all called to love one test. There is an increasing sense uncontrollable rioters,” the cam- lead over Mr. Trump among regis- have to be careful for him and for
another as we love ourselves.” of urgency among his allies to see ‘Is this who we are?’ paign said in a statement. tered voters. And a Monmouth others, and so he will continue to
Yet Mr. Biden, who spent much
of the presidential primary cam-
him leading from the ground, and
his speech on Tuesday marked the
he asks. ‘Is this who While Mr. Trump, with the bully
pulpit of the presidency, never left
University poll released on Tues-
day found Mr. Trump’s approval
listen to the science.”
On Sunday, he spent much of his
paign casting Mr. Trump as an
“aberration,” also said that defeat-
third straight day he appeared in we want to be?’ public view as the virus closed rating at 42 percent among all time listening — to passers-by, to
public. much of the country, Mr. Biden Americans, his lowest marks business owners, and to her own
ing him would not be enough to “This is a moment in our na- spent recent months campaigning since early fall. experience as the mother of a
heal the nation’s centuries-old di- tion’s history that is as unique as if virtually, struggling to break Just 21 percent said the country black man, Ms. Blunt Rochester
visions, which are growing deeper we had the 1918 pandemic and the munities that have had a knee on through with his message. was headed in the right direction, said.
seemingly by the day. Seeking to 1929 stock market crash and the their neck for a long time.” But he made a public Memorial a drop by nearly half since March. Mr. Biden also called mayors on
acknowledge the pain and the 1968 riots all happen at the same Mr. Biden also denounced Day appearance to pay his re- The biggest drop in confidence the front lines of the crisis. “He
chaos of the moment, he warned, time,” said Senator Chris Coons, clashes between the police, pro- spects to Delaware’s war dead came among Republicans: Only
“we must not let our pain destroy asked me how I thought he could
Democrat of Delaware. “There’s a testers and looters. and emerged for a Sunday walk 45 percent now say the country is be supportive of the work we’re
us." limit to how much leadership you “There's no place for violence, around Wilmington, visiting the going the right way, down from 75
“We’re a nation enraged,” he trying to lead nationally, and how
can show without seeing people, no place for looting or destroying site of demonstrations and meet- percent in March.
continued. “But we cannot let our he could be helpful in that space,”
hearing from people, connecting property or burning churches or ing with store owners, said Repre- Mr. Biden is expected to intensi-
rage consume us. We’re a nation said Mayor Melvin Carter of St.
with people. Joe Biden has always destroying businesses,” he said, sentative Lisa Blunt Rochester, fy his public appearances over the
that’s exhausted, but we will not been at his best when people can noting that many people of color Democrat of Delaware, who ac- next month, with his early forays Paul, Minn.
allow our exhaustion to defeat us.” feel and see his empathy.” have been victims. “Nor is it ac- companied him. in Delaware offering a model. And “I told him, I’ve stopped using
Declaring this the time “for our The former vice president, 77, is ceptable for our police, sworn to That was followed on Monday during his meeting with commu- the phrase ‘recovery,’” Mr. Carter
nation to deal with systemic rac- cautiously re-emerging onto the protect and serve all people, to es- by an in-person meeting with faith nity and faith leaders on Monday, recalled, going on to emphasize
ism,” Mr. Biden called on Con- public landscape at one of the calate tension, resort to excessive and community leaders at a his- he promised that in the coming the need for transformational
gress to pass measures including most volatile moments in at least violence. We need to distinguish toric black church. weeks, he would make “very seri- change on matters from health
a generation. between legitimate peaceful pro- Such activity “shows you his ous national speeches about care to the economy. “January and
Giovanni Russonello contributed The killing of George Floyd, a tests and opportunistic violent de- heart and his understanding of the where I think we have to go, what February were not a state of sta-
reporting. black man who died last week af- struction.” urgency of this moment,” Mr. we have to do.” bility for too many Americans.”

Coughing Crowds, Damaged Lungs: Tear Gas May Lead to New Wave of Infections
By MIKE BAKER tory tract rather than infection, or navirus illness.
SEATTLE — The billowing could have been prompted by The C.D.C. has said that pro-
clouds of tear gas that the authori- other factors. longed exposure to riot-control
ties are sending through protest A study in Turkey examining agents may lead to long-term ef-
crowds across the United States the long-term effects of tear gas fects to eyes and breathing prob-
may increase the risk that the co- found that people who had been lems such as asthma.
ronavirus could spread through exposed had a higher risk for The use of tear gas to disperse
the gatherings. chronic bronchitis. protesters has been the subject of
Along with the immediate pain Tear gas has been around for criticism from organizations such
that can cause watering eyes and decades, used around the world as as the American Civil Liberties
burning throats, tear gas may a riot-control tool, including in Union.
cause damage to people’s lungs Hong Kong during recent upris- Jamil Dakwar, the director of
and make them more susceptible ings there. Treaties prohibit its the A.C.L.U.’s Human Rights Pro-
to getting a respiratory illness, ac- use during war.
cording to studies on the risks of Mr. Jordt said he worried that
exposure. The gas can also incite the effects on healthy, young mili-
coughing, which can further tary recruits may also not fully Billowing clouds that
spread the virus from an infected capture the risks to people who
person. are older or have underlying con- disperse protesters
Sven-Eric Jordt, a researcher at
Duke University who has studied
ditions. He said more research
was needed on tear gas generally,
carry health risks.
the effects of tear gas agents, said since much of the research was
he had been shocked to watch how decades old, but that it has been
much the authorities had turned difficult to get funding to examine gram, said tear gas had become
to the control method in recent the issue. an overused tactic that could actu-
days. The protests after Mr. Floyd’s ally increase the volatility of a sit-
“I’m really concerned that this death have focused on the dispro- uation. He said the weapons that
might catalyze a new wave of portionate impacts of police were so indiscriminate should not
Covid-19,” Mr. Jordt said. The vi- killings on black Americans, with be used for dispersing people or in
rus has been linked to more than WHITNEY CURTIS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
protests led by groups such as
protests.
106,000 deaths in the United Police in Ferguson, Mo., fired tear gas into a crowd on Sunday. Experts worry about the health ef- Black Lives Matter. People of col-
“It has become a first-resort
States. fects of the agent. “It has become a first-resort weapon rather than a last resort,” said Jamil Dakwar. or have also been hit particularly
weapon rather than a last resort,”
The protests after the death of hard by the coronavirus pan-
demic, with higher rates of hospi- Mr. Dakwar said.
George Floyd in Minneapolis
But the addition of wafting conducted in the summer of 2012 tear gas — including stinging in talizations and deaths than white Mr. Dakwar said he would like
have already raised alarm among
gases, which have been used found that the personnel in a basic the eyes and throat — typically people. to see state and federal legislation
health experts who have watched
as protesters gathered by the widely by police forces in recent training cohort had a substan- lasts for only 15 to 30 minutes after Researchers have long found that would restrict the use of those
thousands in cities around the nights, has added an uncertain tially high risk of being found to a person who has been exposed that smoking can cause damage to techniques. While the A.C.L.U.
country. While some demonstra- new element of risk to the scene. have an acute respiratory illness gets to an area with cleaner air. upper airways and increase the was not advocating an outright
tors have worn masks and gloves, In research conducted by the in the days after exposure than But many of the illnesses in the risk of lung infections. The Cen- ban, he said the priority should be
the crowds have often involved U.S. Army, examiners looked at the days before. Army research surfaced days af- ters for Disease Control and Pre- on de-escalation techniques.
shouting and chanting in close the impacts of exposure that thou- The risk increased the more ter exposure. Researchers cau- vention has said that conditions Mr. Dakwar said the gas was so
quarters — a risky activity for a sands of Army recruits had to the people were exposed, the re- tioned that illnesses were not lab- such as asthma and chronic lung indiscriminate that he also wor-
virus spread by respiratory drop- common riot-control agent known searchers said. checked, and could have been disease can increase the risk of ried about the health effects on po-
lets. as CS gas or tear gas. The study The miserable initial effects of caused by damage to the respira- someone getting a severe coro- lice officers.
A20 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Unrest in the Streets Religion and Law

Catholic and Episcopal Clergy Fiercely Denounce Trump’s Church Visits

Outrage at Using
Holy Site as ‘Prop’
By MICHAEL CROWLEY
and ELIZABETH DIAS
WASHINGTON — Bishop Ma-
riann Edgar Budde was relaxing
at home on Monday evening when
suddenly, she said, “my phone
was just lighting up.”
In an interview, the spiritual
leader for the Washington area’s
88 Episcopal congregations re-
called her stunned amazement as
she turned on the television to see
President Trump walking from
the White House to pose in front of
St. John’s Church. Within hours,
she was condemning the presi-
dent’s appearance on national
television.
And on Tuesday, as Mr. Trump
prepared to visit the Saint John
Paul II National Shrine, a few
miles from St. John’s, Archbishop
Wilton Gregory, the Catholic arch-
bishop of Washington, denounced
the event in similar terms, calling
it “baffling and reprehensible.”
Both prelates criticized the
president for what they said was
his opportunistic attempt to em-
brace faith in a moment of crisis —
an extraordinary accusation for
church officials used to welcom-
ing government officials to their
places of worship.
Bishop Budde and Archbishop
Gregory are both known for their
commitment to social justice. But
the twin statements from two dif-
ferent branches of Christianity
had a significant effect, winning
applause from liberals but denun-
ciations from Trump supporters
as disrespectful.
Speaking to Anderson Cooper
of CNN on Monday night, Bishop
Budde said she was “outraged”
that the president had used St.
John’s as a “prop,” noting that he
visited “without permission” or DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
advance warning. On Tuesday, President Trump and the first lady at the Saint John Paul II National Shrine. Archbishop Wilton Gregory said the former pope “would not condone the use of tear gas.”
Bishop Budde added in an inter-
view that Mr. Trump had been
“acting like an authoritarian dicta- even those with whom we might apolis knelt on his neck, the healing and unity.” abortion, other more liberal Chris- ming procession by a Native
tor” when he walked to the church disagree,” Archbishop Gregory episode that has set off more than And during an interview with tians have worked to set a differ- American group, a song in Span-
from the White House after secu- wrote. He added that Pope John a week of protests across the Fox News on Tuesday, Kellyanne ent moral agenda and fight Mr. ish and gospel readings in Igbo, a
rity officers cleared away pro- Paul II “certainly would not con- United States. Archbishop Greg- Conway, a senior White House ad- Trump’s policies on everything Nigerian language, to honor the
testers with tear gas. “And then he done the use of tear gas and other ory said the incident “reveals the viser, bristled at criticism that the from immigration to abortion. diversity of the Washington re-
held up a Bible . . . ” she added in- deterrents to silence, scatter or in- virus of racism among us once president was using religious Bishop Budde said that she gion.
credulously, before finding herself timidate them for a photo opportu- again even as we continue to cope sites as a prop. strongly supported the peaceful She stepped into the role as a
at a loss for words. nity in front of a place of worship with the coronavirus pandemic.” Arguing that Mr. Trump has protests nationwide, and that she relatively unknown parish priest
She said that she had spoken and peace.” The National Shrine is run by made religious liberty a priority of had visited St. John’s on Saturday from Minnesota. “In that sense,
out on behalf of her broader reli- Bishop Budde, 60, and Arch- the Knights of Columbus, a Catho- “to set up hospitality and make she had not had anything like a na-
gious community to “make sure bishop Gregory, 72, are both lic fraternal organization with ties sure people know we are here for tional profile, and then all of the
that the image of the president groundbreaking figures: In 2011, to conservative Washington and them, even though there had been sudden steps into this unbeliev-
standing in front of St. John’s hold-
ing a bible in his hand was not the
she became the first woman to
lead the Episcopal Diocese of
to Mr. Trump’s orbit. Shortly after
the president’s visit, the shrine re-
‘I find it baffling and vandalism the night before.” A
small fire set in the church’s nurs-
ably public episcopate,” said
Bishop V. Gene Robinson, who
definitive word that night, that Washington, which includes the leased a statement on its Twitter reprehensible,’ the ery had not done serious damage, made history as the first openly
that was not going to go unchal- National Cathedral. Archbishop account clarifying that the White she said, adding, “That comes gay bishop in the Episcopal
lenged.” Gregory is the first African-Amer- House “originally scheduled this archbishop said. with the territory, especially when Church.
Archbishop Gregory, arguably ican to hold his position, which he as an event for the president to people are angry.” Bishop Budde’s soft-spoken
the most important African- assumed just over a year ago. His sign an executive order on inter- She added that she felt a partic- style “makes you listen to every
American Catholic in the country, appointment by Pope Francis to national religious freedom,” which ularly deep connection to the pro- world and winds up being more
made his views known through a Washington, a prominent archdio- he did later in the day. his presidency, she took aim at tests because of her previous 18 powerful than someone who is
statement released on Tuesday, cese, puts him in line to become In a statement, Brian Burch, the Bishop Budde personally, saying: years of service as a rector at St. ranting and raving,” Bishop Rob-
just before Mr. Trump arrived at the country’s first African-Ameri- president of the conservative “That is not, quote, her church, John’s Episcopal Church in Min- inson said. “It is one of the gifts
the shrine, the largest Catholic can cardinal. The Archdiocese of group CatholicVote, defended the that is not, quote, her Bible,” Ms. neapolis, the city that has been en- that many women have brought to
church in North America. Washington did not respond to a president’s visit to the shrine as Conway said. “We don’t look into gulfed by the outrage sweeping the ordained ministry in the Epis-
“I find it baffling and reprehen- request to interview him. appropriate and criticized Arch- other people’s hearts and souls the nation. “My oldest son and his copal Church.”
sible that any Catholic facility In a statement on Sunday, Arch- bishop Gregory. He called it “re- and discern and judge what their family live there, and they were On Tuesday morning, several
wold allow itself to be so egre- bishop Gregory decried the “hor- grettable that the Archbishop of faith is.” among the first ones out pro- Washington-area pastors stood in
giously misused and manipulated ror of George Floyd’s death,” re- Washington chose this occasion to While many conservative white testing,” Bishop Budde said. front of St. John’s, near where Mr.
in a fashion that violates our reli- ferring to the unarmed African- engage in a partisan attack on the evangelicals and Catholics have When she was elected to Wash- Trump had posed the night before,
gious principles, which call us to American man who was killed af- president, especially when the championed Mr. Trump as a hero ington, Bishop Budde’s consecra- and called for an end to police bru-
defend the rights of all people ter a white police officer in Minne- country is in desperate need of for religious liberty and against tion ceremony featured a drum- tality.

Suddenly in Spotlight: A Law With Roots in the Early Days of the Republic
By CHRISTINE HAUSER ties were either unable or unwill- justify such a deployment without
President Trump threatened on ing to maintain order, said the agreement of the state gover-
Monday to use federal forces to Stephen I. Vladeck, a law profes- nor or legislature.
quell the protests and violence sor at the University of Texas Eugene R. Fidell, a senior re-
that have swept the country, a School of Law. In those cases, the search scholar at Yale Law School,
measure that legal experts said military would be the backstop. said such a move would be “litigat-
would require the use of an 1807 ed, and litigated quick.”
What is its relationship to state “To the extent that there is wig-
law called the Insurrection Act. governments?
“If a city or state refuses to take gle room and a judgment call to be
The use of the military for civilian made, the question is how much a
the actions necessary to defend law enforcement has been re- margin of appreciation would a
the life and property of their resi- strained as part of the Constitu- federal court afford him,” Mr. Fi-
dents, then I will deploy the tion’s protections for civil liberties dell said.
United States military and quickly and state sovereignty. State gov- He said there would have to be a
solve the problem for them,” Mr. ernments maintain the authority “catastrophic decapitation” of law
Trump said in the Rose Garden. to keep order within their borders, enforcement and civil govern-
Although he did not mention it a power given to them under the ment in the state to warrant that
by name, Mr. Trump would be in- Posse Comitatus Act of 1878. deployment. “You are talking
voking the Insurrection Act, a Generally, that law forbids the about an unprecedented situation
group of statutes approved by use of the military as a domestic of utter chaos and a complete col-
Congress in the early 1800s that police force. lapse,” he said. “At that point, all
gives the president the power, un- But the Insurrection Act au- gloves are off.”
der some conditions, to activate thorizes the president to use the “But there is nothing like that
federal troops for domestic law military to suppress an insurrec- going on,” he added.
enforcement. tion if a state government re- Several governors have said
quests it. And there is some lee- they do not want the president to
What is the Insurrection Act?
way in the president’s discretion, send federal troops into their
An early version of the Insurrec- such as whether the commander states. Gov. Tim Walz, Democrat
tion Act was first approved by in chief considers that the unrest of Minnesota, whose state has
Congress in 1792 to “provide for is obstructing laws of the United JOE MARQUETTE/ASSOCIATED PRESS been at the center of the protests,
calling forth the militia to execute States. has declined Mr. Trump’s offer of a
the laws of the union, suppress in-
The Insurrection Act was last used in 1992, when troops were sent in during the Los Angeles riots.
military police response in his
surrections and repel invasions.” When has it been used before?
state.
It has been amended several The last time that the act was used Native Americans along the 19th- saying they’re not being enforced sor Vladeck said. Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of New
times in the centuries since. was in 1992, when riots in Los An- century frontier; during industri- the way he wants them to be en- But after those provisions were York, a Democrat, said in an inter-
Generally, the law gives the geles broke out after four white al strife in the late 19th century forced.” repealed, it became “somewhat view on Monday with the CNN
president the power to send mili- police officers were acquitted in and the early 20th century; and to Professor Vladeck said that unclear how an abuse of the stat- host Erin Burnett that he would
tary forces to states to quell wide- the beating of Rodney King, a enforce federal court orders re- politics also played a role in ute could be reined in,” he said. say, “Thank you, but no thank
spread public unrest and to sup- black motorist. Armed forces quiring desegregation during the whether presidents used the act. “We’ve been lucky, historically, you.”
port civilian law enforcement. But have also been used to quell civil civil rights movement. “The Insurrection Act hasn’t been that political considerations have Gov. J.B. Pritzker of Illinois, a
before invoking it, the president disturbances after natural disas- Kent Greenfield, a constitu- invoked since 1992 — largely be- prevented presidents from abus- Democrat, also told CNN that he
must first call for the “insurgents” ters, such as in widespread looting tional law professor at Boston Col- cause domestic use of the military ing these authorities,” he said. would not request military assist-
to disperse, according to a Con- in St. Croix, in the U.S. Virgin Is- lege, told The Associated Press is generally unpopular,” he wrote “But there is no guarantee that ance. “I reject the notion that the
gressional Research Service re- lands, after Hurricane Hugo in that, in Mr. Trump’s case — and on Twitter last week. comparable considerations would federal government can send
port published in 2006. If stability 1989, according to the Congres- unlike the clashes over school de- restrain President Trump.” troops into the state of Illinois,” he
is not restored, the president may sional Research Service report. segregation — there was no alle- Could the president’s use of the Although the president does not said.
then issue an executive order to These statutes were used regu- gation that states were refusing to Insurrection Act be opposed? need a request from a state to use “The fact is that he should stay
deploy troops. larly throughout U.S. history. enforce federal law. Originally, the statutes set clearer federal armed forces for domestic out of our business,” the governor
The idea for the law was that Professor Vladeck said in an “He is not saying that the laws limitations, like a sunset provision law enforcement under the Insur- said. “We are working hard in the
there could be circumstances in email on Tuesday that the statutes aren’t being enforced,” Mr. Green- for the use of military forces, and a rection Act, some experts do not state of Illinois to bring down ten-
which the local and state authori- were employed in conflicts with field said of the president. “He is required judicial review, Profes- believe the current circumstances sions.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A21

Unrest in the Streets District of Columbia

Washington, With No Governor, Becomes Test for Federal Enforcement

By ZOLAN KANNO-YOUNGS ton rather than deploy alongside helicopters lowered to rooftop lev-
and KATIE BENNER federal agents. The governor of Il- el in the Chinatown area of Wash-
WASHINGTON — President linois said the federal presence ington. Around the same time,
Trump’s vow to “dominate” dem- had actually undercut efforts to some storefronts were shattered
onstrators protesting police bru- restore law and order, while Texas by protesters.
tality has mobilized the full might said it needed no help. The helicopters sent gusts of
of federal law enforcement, from Regardless, Attorney General dust into the air, causing one tree
border agencies and the Drug En- William P. Barr promised to de- to split and nearly hit bystanders.
forcement Administration to F.B.I. ploy “even greater law enforce- Demonstrators fled a couple of
hostage rescue teams, working ment resources” in Washington blocks where they were met by
alongside local law enforcement, on Tuesday evening. authorities who began to toss
the military police and the Na- “I can’t remember the last time what appeared to be smoke canis-
tional Guard. this number of federal agencies ters.
The extraordinary deploy- were brought together to try and Community “police like to go
ments have reached the streets of deal with a large number of dem- out with a soft approach. They
San Diego, Buffalo and Las Vegas. onstrators,” said Chuck Wexler, wear a regular uniform,” Mr.
the executive director of the Po- Wexler said. He added, “What
But nowhere is the show of
lice Executive Research Forum, a they recognized is if you bring out
force as strong as in Washington,
police research and policy organi- people in riot gear to begin with,
where Mr. Trump is seeking to
zation. He said the rush of multi- you’re basically sending this mes-
demonstrate his might by flooding
ple federal forces into the city sage.”
the city’s downtown with agents
could be a recipe for “chaos.” That message, he said, is: “We
from the F.B.I., the Bureau of Pris-
The tension is more evidence of expect trouble or we don’t trust
ons, the U.S. Marshals, the Bureau
a schism that has opened between you.”
of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and
federal and local governments — That was not the approach of
Explosives, Homeland Security first over the pandemic and now
Investigations, Customs and Bor- federal law enforcement officers
over how to respond to protests who surrounded dozens of pro-
der Protection and the Defense provoked by a spate of killings of
Department, turning the nation’s testers late Monday on a resi-
black people. Neither side has co- dential street and fired chemicals
capital into a heavily armed fed- ordinated clearly with the other, ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES

eral fortress. Even Transportation The military police outside the White House on Monday. Nearly a dozen federal agencies and at them, a moment that was pho-
and neither has been willing to
Security Administration officers tographed and shared by resi-
take responsibility for some of the components are working with the police and the National Guard to quell protests in Washington. dents. A stranger who heard their
have been called out of the air- ugliest episodes between pro-
ports to help protect federal prop- cries for help let them shelter in
testers and officers. fayette Square and expand the Protection, said in a tweet on Washington’s mayor, Muriel E.
erty in the “national capital re- his home until the city’s curfew
While mayors and governors amount of territory near the Tuesday that the aircraft special- Bowser, learned from neighboring
gion.” lifted, while law enforcement
express sympathy for the demon- White House that was controlled ists were used in Buffalo to track
“D.H.S. and its partners will not local leaders that National Guard waited outside to arrest them.
strations, the Department of people who hit officers with a ve-
allow anarchists, disrupters and by officers. support was headed for Washing- To Mr. Trump and Mr. Barr, the
Homeland Security and the F.B.I. hicle.
opportunists to exploit the ongo- “President Trump directed At- ton, and she resisted. raucous night was a success.
have monitored the protests for
ing civil unrest to loot and destroy torney General Barr to lead fed- Around 600 homeland security Hours after protesters in La- Mr. Barr called Monday
domestic terrorist activity. The
our communities,” said Chad Wolf, eral law enforcement efforts to as- officials were deployed to the fayette Square were pepper- evening “a more peaceful night in
department said in a bulletin to
the acting secretary of the Depart- sist in the restoration of order to Washington area, including sprayed and rammed by federal the District of Columbia.”
law enforcement agencies that
ment of Homeland Security. militia extremists and anarchists the District of Columbia,” Kerri authorities armed with riot Representative Bennie Thomp-
“While the department respects could use the protests to cause vi- Kupec, a Justice Department shields, the Arlington County son, Democrat of Mississippi and
every American’s right to protest olence and mayhem, according to spokeswoman, said on Monday. Board in suburban Northern Vir- the chairman of the House Home-
peacefully, violence and civil un- an official in possession of the doc- To maintain control of a protest, Local officials object ginia ordered its police force — land Security Committee, sent a
rest will not be tolerated. We will the local police typically employ which had been helping to patrol letter to the Secret Service direc-
control the situation and protect
ument, who asked for anonymity
because he was not authorized to lines of officers to separate as agents move into the protests in Washington — to tor James Murray expressing oth-
the American people and the
homeland at any cost.”
speak on the memo. crowds and encourage uniformed
officers to use discretion to de-es-
the capital’s streets. return, saying their mutual aid
agreement had been “abused.”
erwise.
“I write to you stunned, dis-
The Justice Department said
In all, nearly a dozen federal that it would deploy all of its calate encounters with tense On Monday, video footage cap- turbed and furious at the sight of
agencies and components have forces, including hostage rescue crowds, law enforcement experts tured U.S. Park Police officers in federal authorities tear-gassing
joined in Mr. Trump’s effort to teams and riots squads, and that it said. But the local police on Mon- agents from Immigration and riot gear delivering multiple peaceful protesters in Lafayette
quell protests incited by the had given agents at the Drug En- day night were joined by federal Customs Enforcement who found blows to a news camera crew in Park, outside the White House,
killing of George Floyd in Minne- forcement Administration the authorities who carried riot out about the assignment from an Lafayette Square. Federal offi- last night, in order to clear the way
apolis, and ostensibly to put an power to make arrests. shields. Military helicopters flew alert shortly before noon telling cials were shown pushing demon- for the president to walk over and
end to rioting and looting — and Customs and Border Protection overhead. them to prepare to aid the local po- strators over to make way for Mr. hold a Bible in front of St. John’s
determine whether anarchists said agents had arrest authority, At the request of the Justice De- lice. Trump’s photo opportunity in Episcopal Church,” Mr. Thompson
and other extremist groups had including those in elite tactical partment, Customs and Border The Secret Service was also di- front of St. John’s. wrote. “It is shameful.”
infiltrated the protests. teams. Protection dispatched border rected to bolster protective shifts For the next few hours, the pro- When asked who decided to use
But local officials say the fed- Overnight Sunday, after pro- agents and tactical officers to cit- of uniformed officers at the White test remained largely peaceful as rubber bullets and chemicals to
eral response has gone beyond ac- testers defaced the Treasury De- ies throughout the country to as- House. the local police allowed the dem- clear clergy members from the
ceptable, verging on overkill. partment building and a part of St. sist the local police with the pro- But communication issues be- onstrators to march through the patio of St. John’s and peaceful
Washington’s mayor called it John’s Church had caught on fire, tests. tween the state and federal au- streets. Teams from the F.B.I. and protesters from the park, all of the
“shameful.” A Virginia county administration officials decided Mark Morgan, the acting com- thorities seemed to come as the D.E.A. lined side streets. But federal agencies contacted de-
pulled its officers out of Washing- that it was essential to clear La- missioner of Customs and Border quickly as each deployment. shortly before 10 p.m., military clined to answer.

Former Commanders Denounce Trump’s Use of Military Forces Against Americans

This article is by Thomas Gib- chanting “We can’t Breathe,”
bons-Neff, Helene Cooper, Eric “George Floyd” and “Hands up,
Schmitt and Jennifer Steinhauer. don’t shoot.” The group, for the
WASHINGTON — Retired sen- most part, was peaceful.
ior military leaders condemned A Black Hawk helicopter, fol-
their successors in the Trump ad- lowed by a smaller medical evacu-
ministration for ordering military ation helicopter, dropped to
units on Monday to rout peaceful rooftop level with their search
protesters near the White House. lights aimed at the crowd. Tree
As military helicopters flew low limbs snapped, nearly hitting sev-
over the nation’s capital and Na- eral people. Signs were torn from
tional Guard units moved into the sides of buildings. Some pro-
many cities, Defense Secretary testers looked up, while others ran
Mark T. Esper and General Mark into doorways. The downward
A. Milley, the chairman of the force of air from the rotors was
Joint Chiefs of Staff, publicly deafening.
aligned themselves behind a pres- The helicopters were perform-
ident who chose tear gas and rub- ing a “show of force” — a standard
ber bullets to clear people from a tactic used by military aircraft in
park so that he could stage a photo combat zones to scatter insur-
op at a nearby church. gents. The maneuvers were per-
In so doing, Mr. Esper, who de- sonally directed by the highest
scribed the country as a “bat- echelons of the Washington D.C.
tlespace” to be cleared, and Gen- National Guard, according to a
eral Milley, who wore combat fa- military official with direct knowl-
tigues on the streets of the capital, edge of the situation. The Guard
thrust the two million active-duty did not respond to a request for
and reserve service members into comment.
the middle of a confrontation in The deployment is also chal-
which the “enemy” is not foreign, lenging for National Guard units,
but domestic. which inherited a legacy from the
The reaction has been swift and Revolutionary War militia, the cit-
furious. izen-soldiers who were ready to
Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, a for- put down their plows and pick up
mer chairman of the Joint Chiefs weapons to defend their country.
of Staff, wrote on Twitter that Today, when the National Guard
“America is not a battleground. can be dispatched for an array of
Our fellow citizens are not the ene- missions — like combat duty in
my. Gen. Tony Thomas, the for- DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Iraq or Afghanistan, helping with
mer head of the Special Opera- flood relief or providing assist-
President Trump was followed by several top aides and officials Monday as he made his way from the White House to St. John’s church. ance to coronavirus victims —
tions Command, tweeted: “The
‘battle space’ of America??? Not that balance is more complicated.
what America needs to hear . . . man expressed his anger on Twit- They were able to get Mr. Trump might not be limited to the mili- — that would normally be done Members of the Guard general-
ever, unless we are invaded by an ter. “Just like most of the Black to hold off for now, but the presi- tary police. The official, who said under the auspices of U.S. North- ly report to the governor of their
adversary or experience a consti- Airmen and so many others in our dent nonetheless ordered active- that decisions were still being ern Command, which oversees state, but when units come under
tutional failure . . . ie a Civil War.” ranks . . . I am outraged at watch- duty troops deployed to the one made, added that the troops were military units on American terri- the command of the president,
And Adm. Mike Mullen, an- ing another Black man die on tele- place where he did not have to go coming from Fort Bragg in North tory, and not the office of the chair- federal law prohibits them from
other former chairman, wrote in vision before our very eyes,” the through governors: the District of Carolina, Fort Drum in New York man of the Joint Chiefs of staff. being used domestically except
the Atlantic: “Whatever Trump’s airman, Kaleth O. Wright, the Columbia. and might also, surprisingly, in- Representative Adam Smith, under some very limited circum-
goal in conducting his visit, he laid chief master sergeant of the Air After the Oval Office meeting, clude the so-called Old Guard cer- Democrat of Washington and the stances.
bare his disdain for the rights of Force, wrote while citing the officials said, Mr. Trump said he emonial unit. The Old Guard pro- chairman of the House Armed As of Tuesday morning, gover-
peaceful protest in this country, names of black men who died in wanted to review personnel who vides security for Washington and Services Committee, called on nors in 28 states and the District of
gave succor to the leaders of other police custody or in police shoot- were deployed outside the White escort to the president. Tuesday for Mr. Esper and Gen- Columbia had activated more
countries who take comfort in our ings. “I am George Floyd . . . I am House. Mr. Esper and General The order to deploy active-duty eral Milley to testify before law- than 20,400 National Guard
domestic strife, and risked further Philando Castile, I am Michael Milley joined the president, along troops to confront protesters and makers about the potential de- troops to assist state and local law
politicizing the men and women of Brown, I am Alton Sterling, I am with a number of White House looters prompted one military of- ployments of United States mili- enforcement in support of civil un-
our armed forces.” Tamir Rice.” staff members, and prompted out- ficial to liken the order to Mr. tary personnel to states. rest operations, the National
Television networks broadcast Neither Mr. Esper nor General rage. Trump requesting his own “palace As soldiers arrived on Monday, Guard said.
images of General Milley and Mr. Milley knew when they went to “Ridiculous. General Milley, guard.” clad in camouflage uniforms and In the current unrest, military
Esper walking behind Mr. Trump the Oval Office on Monday that who I respect, is embarrassing This week, Mr. Trump said, clutching riot shields labeled “mil- personnel specialists say, the
as he crossed Lafayette Square on they would be taking part in the himself,” Michael McFaul, the for- without elaborating, that General itary police” to reinforce the line of Guard is caught between express-
Monday evening to pose for a president’s photo op, Pentagon of- mer United States ambassador to Milley was in charge of the effort crowd control officers guarding ing anguish over the killing of a
photo holding a Bible in front of St. ficials said. Nor did they know, of- Russia under President Barack to confront the protesters and Lafayette Square yards from the black man, George Floyd in Min-
John’s church. Earlier in the day, ficials said, that law enforcement Obama, said on Twitter. “I worked looters. White House, the crowd of about neapolis, and supporting civilian
Mr. Esper joined the president’s personnel would be firing tear gas 3 years at the White House at the At the Pentagon, officials ex- 400 protesters responded with authorities in quelling the violent
call with governors, saying, “We and rubber bullets on protesters National Security Council. I never pressed surprise at the presi- verbal taunts. “Fascists!” some protests and looting that followed.
need to dominate the battlespace” in Lafayette Square before they once saw Admiral Mullen come to dent’s comments, and referred yelled. Others booed. A few “Most of the soldiers will have
— a comment that set off a torrent crossed that park with Mr. Trump. the building ready for war.” questions to the White House. But shouted expletives. sympathy for the peaceful pro-
of criticism. During the meeting in the Oval The Pentagon has yet to say officials noted that all National Around 10 p.m., the military testers and be angry about
More than 40 percent of active- Office, which officials said became how many soldiers it is deploying Guard members now deployed in stepped up its attempts to sup- Floyd’s death, but they’re proba-
duty and reserve personnel are heated, General Milley and Attor- to Washington, per Mr. Trump’s the United States are under the press the protesters. A crowd bly angry at the violence as well,”
people of color, and orders to con- ney General William P. Barr ar- order. Defense Department offi- authorities of governors. Defense making its way through the Chi- said Peter D. Feaver, a professor
front people protesting a criminal gued against invoking the Insur- cials have given varying num- Department officials said that if natown area of Washington had of political science at Duke Uni-
justice system that targets black rection Act to override governors bers, from 500 to “thousands.” those troops are federalized — gone relatively unbothered by law versity who has studied the mili-
men troubled many. and send active-duty troops to One Pentagon official said that that is, put under the power of the enforcement, having snaked tary for decades. “It puts them in a
The Air Force’s top enlisted air- states where there are protests. the troops deploying to the capital president rather than governors across town, blocking roads and fraught position.”
A22 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Unrest in the Streets Political Response

Some Republicans Denounce President’s Harsh Reaction to Strife

By CARL HULSE murred, not wanting to provoke a But when Mr. Schumer tried to had grown violent and given way
and EMILY COCHRANE caustic Twitter attack from the force action on a symbolic resolu- to looting.
WASHINGTON — In a rare president or alienate party voters tion to condemn Mr. Trump’s ac- “We have to restore order,” said
break with President Trump, mul- devoted to Mr. Trump. tions, Mr. McConnell objected, Senator Ron Johnson, Republican
tiple Senate Republicans on Tues- But the current situation may chiding Democrats for pushing a of Wisconsin. “This can’t go on. So
day faulted his response to civil be the most volatile for Republi- measure that he said addressed hopefully, you know, the president
unrest around the nation, reject- cans yet, with Americans — al- neither justice for black Ameri- talking that way will put a little
ing his move to crack down on ready enduring the twin public cans nor “peace for our country in spine in some of these governors
demonstrators and rushing to ex- health and economic calamities of the face of looting.” that aren’t calling out the National
press sympathy with black Amer- the coronavirus pandemic — al- “Instead, it just indulges in the Guard, to the extent that they
icans who have taken to the most uniformly outraged at the myopic obsession with President need to to restore order.”
streets to protest police brutality case of Mr. Floyd, whose brutal Trump that has come to define the Mr. Johnson claimed not to have
against them. death after a police officer knelt Democratic side,” Mr. McConnell seen protesters being violently
The day after Mr. Trump threat- on his neck for nearly nine min- said. driven back so that Mr. Trump
ened to unleash the United States utes was captured on video. Many Still, other Republicans joined could walk to the church, and Sen-
military to rout protesters around Americans in both parties are in- in the criticism of Mr. Trump. ator John Thune of South Dakota,
the nation, the reactions of Repub- creasingly unsettled by both the “To me at a time like this, the the second-ranking Senate Re-
licans — some condemning the violence stemming from the pro- president ought to be trying to publican, said the episode had
president directly, others care- tests and Mr. Trump’s demands calm the nation,” said Senator Su- been “in the eye of the beholder.”
that governors and local authori- san Collins, Republican of Maine, Senator Ted Cruz, Republican of
fully suggesting that they held a
ties take a harder line. who is facing a difficult re-election Texas, commended Mr. Trump,
different view — underscored the
politically precarious choice they With their hold on the Senate to race in a state Mr. Trump plans to saying, “I’m glad the president led
face between endorsing the presi- be decided in an election five visit this week. She said she found by going to St. John’s Church.” It
dent’s divisive approach or break- months away, Republicans will was the protesters, not the presi-
it “painful” to watch peaceful pro-
need the votes of suburban and in- dent, who had abused power, Mr.
ing with him and risking a party
dependent voters if they hope to Cruz said.
backlash just months before the
retain seats in states such as Col- Democrats moved quickly to
November elections.
orado, Arizona, North Carolina
“There is no right to riot, no
and Maine. In a sign of how law- Rising alarm at Mr. try to take political advantage of
right to destroy others’ property the public mood.
and no right to throw rocks at po-
makers view the political land-
scape, moderate Democrats in
Trump’s behavior “It’s time for John Katko to find
lice,” Senator Ben Sasse, Republi- the backbone to state clearly
can of Nebraska, said in a state-
conservative-leaning districts amid protests. whether he stands with President
emphatically rejected Mr.
ment. “But there is a fundamental Trump or the clergy denouncing
Trump’s response to the protests
— a constitutional — right to pro- in Washington, suggesting that his tear gassing of Americans
test, and I’m against clearing out a they see little sympathy for the testers subjected to tear gas so he peacefully protesting,” the Demo-
peaceful protest for a photo op president’s approach among their could go to a church he had visited cratic Congressional Campaign
that treats the word of God as a po- constituents. just once before, and added that Committee said in a statement,
litical prop.” Despite Mr. Trump anointing Mr. Trump “came across as un- singling out a third-term moder-
Mr. Sasse was referring to the himself “your president of law and sympathetic and as insensitive to ate Republican from New York
remarkable spectacle that un- PHOTOGRAPHS BY GABRIELLA DEMCZUK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
order,” many Senate Republicans the rights of people to peacefully who is facing a difficult re-election
folded Monday evening when po- Senator Tim Scott, Republican of South Carolina, top, and Sena- have adopted a much less belli- protest.” race in a district Hillary Clinton
lice fired flash-bang explosive de- tor Ben Sasse, Republican of Nebraska, both condemned Presi- cose attitude, emphasizing the Senator Lisa Murkowski, Re- won in 2016. The committee sent
vices and tear gas and used offi- dent Trump’s visit to a church near the White House on Monday. need to get at the root causes of publican of Alaska, told reporters out identical statements about
cers on horseback to drive away the upheaval — racial discrimina- that Monday’s events did not re- roughly a dozen other endangered
peaceful protesters outside the tion and a well-established pat- flect “the America that I know.” House Republicans.
White House. Minutes later, Mr. harsher criticism of the presi- Democratic leader, said Tuesday. Democrats said they were skep-
tern of excessive use of force by “I don’t think militarization is
Trump strode out and marched dent’s actions by Democrats in the “What matters is that we respond tical that Republicans would be
the police — rather than targeting the answer to the anxiety, the fear,
across Lafayette Square to bran- House and Senate, reflected a ris- to a national wave of unrest with willing to challenge Mr. Trump too
protesters. the distrust, the oppression we
dish a bible outside St. John’s ing sense of alarm at Mr. Trump’s action.” aggressively. They said they sus-
“You can understand the out- feel right now,” Ms. Murkowski
Episcopal Church, which had behavior as protests of police vio- This was hardly the first time pected that Republicans would
rage,” Senator Mitch McConnell, said. “It is not the response.”
been damaged in a fire during un- lence and racial discrimination Republicans on Capitol Hill found treat the issue as they had gun
the Kentucky Republican and ma- Even Senator Lindsey Graham
rest the night before. reached a boiling point after the themselves pressed to distinguish of South Carolina, one of Mr. control in the past, promising ac-
jority leader, said Tuesday about
Mr. Sasse’s comments echoed death of an African-American between their views and those of a the national anguish over Mr. Trump’s chief Republican defend- tion immediately after mass
those of Senator Tim Scott of man, George Floyd, in Minneapo- president who in times of trouble Floyd’s killing. Mr. McConnell, ers, said he had been flummoxed killings but letting the issue pass
South Carolina, the only black Re- lis police custody. often seeks the affirmation of his whose hometown, Louisville, was by the president’s actions. quietly without action once the up-
publican in the Senate, who de- With Democrats demanding a most conservative supporters. in turmoil over Mr. Floyd’s death “I don’t know what the purpose roar subsided.
nounced the move in unequivocal legislative response to the issues From the moment he took of- and recent incidents involving po- of the trip was,” Mr. Graham said. But Democrats made clear that
terms during an event hosted by underlying Mr. Floyd’s death, Re- fice, Republicans have been called lice in Kentucky, said the griev- “I do know that last night was a they did not intend to let the issue
Politico. publicans are facing increasing upon to respond to the president’s ances were legitimate and he did bad night and we need less bad go.
“If your question is, ‘Should you pressure to back up their critical loaded statements, hyperbolic not dispute the role racism played nights.” “I’ve heard words from people
use tear gas to clear a path so the statements against the president tweets and scathing criticisms of in the events. Not all Republicans agreed. on both sides of the aisle, speaking
president can go have a photo op?’ and expressions of concern about others as well as his dealings with “There is no question that there Some fell back on their practiced toward the injustice of racism that
the answer is no,” Mr. Scott said. persistent racism with something foreign governments and his posi- is residual racism in America,” he defense, saying they could not exists in our country — I’ve heard
Those rebukes, and much tangible. tions on harsh immigration meas- told reporters. “No question about make a judgment because they words,” said Senator Cory Booker,
“We are going to propose and ures, trade, congressional author- that. It has been a longtime dilem- had not seen the incident, while Democrat of New Jersey, in a pas-
Catie Edmondson contributed re- push for bold action,” Senator ity and other matters. Most Re- ma, and we all wish we could get others defended the president, sionate floor speech. “It’s on us in
porting. Chuck Schumer of New York, the publicans have typically de- to a better place.” noting that some of the protests this body to do something.”

POLITICAL MEMO

Trump’s Bible Photo Op

Further Divides Debate
On State of Democracy
By MATT FLEGENHEIMER ganizers” of terror.
If another leader of another If the episode has generally
nation stood in another simmer- been processed, thus far, along
ing capital and instructed police typical ideological lines, the
and law enforcement to “domi- reactions have also been laced
nate the streets” against pro- with more urgent passions to
testers, then walked through a match the times.
park where government officers Many of Mr. Trump’s admirers
had forcibly cleared demonstra- have encouraged his vows to
tors from his path, then arrived curb chaos, cheering the reli-
outside a church to hold a Bible gious imagery he reached for,
aloft like a championship trophy quite literally, in service of a
for the cameras — well, what photo opportunity.
would America think of that? “Every believer I talked to
“If we were seeing this in certainly appreciates what the
another country,” said Kori president did and the message
Schake, a former Pentagon offi- he was sending,” said Robert
cial and Republican policy advis- Jeffress, the pastor of First Bap-
er, “we would be deeply con- tist Dallas and a stalwart evan-
cerned and talking about the gelical Trump supporter. “I think
foreign policy consequences of it will be one of those historic
states behaving this way.” moments in his presidency, espe-
It is time, some opponents and cially when set against the back-
academics agree, to have the drop of nights of violence
conversation. throughout our country.”
From the earliest days of this All the while, some Democrats DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES

norm-smashing administration, are deploying a term that they President Trump after the authorities used tear gas on peaceful protesters so he could appear outside St. John’s Church on Monday.
fretful critics, scholars and for- have turned to occasionally in
eign policy experts have kept these three and a half years, but
watch for signals of President of the orders they will be given was best understood as “an ry and President Recep Tayyip his comportment.
perhaps never with such fre- by this commander in chief.” authoritarian populist.” In Mr. Erdogan of Turkey. Senator Ben Sasse of Nebras-
Trump’s anti-democratic streak. quency and conviction.
This has not always required an Experts on democratic sys- Trump’s conception of authority, “Trump doesn’t quote anything ka on Tuesday declared himself
“The words of a dictator,” tems have been careful to distin- Mr. Mounk said, “what that from the Bible. He really just “against clearing out a peaceful
exhaustive search. Senator Kamala Harris of Cali-
But the White House response guish certain conspicuous traits means is that he and he alone uses it as a pure symbol of parti- protest for a photo op that treats
fornia said. and data points — Mr. Trump’s truly represents the people. And san identity,” she said, adding: the Word of God as a political
to the gushing national traumas “He behaves like a dictator,”
of this moment appears to have boundary-pushing instincts, his anybody who disagrees with “Authoritarianism frequently prop.” Gov. Charlie Baker of
Senator Ed Markey of Massachu- inveterate bluster, his fondness them, anybody who criticizes comes veiled in religion.” Massachusetts, often a willing
registered on another plane,
setts tweeted. for some phrases associated with him, by virtue of that fact is an Ms. Schake, the director of Trump critic, has lamented the
producing the kinds of scenes
“For us to just shut our eyes strongmen — from the most enemy of the people.” foreign and defense policy stud- president’s “incendiary words.”
and sound bites that some doom-
sayers had long prophesied and and somehow believe he won’t go legitimate challenges to the Projecting military might as ies at the American Enterprise And Senator Tim Scott of South
adding to the mounting social that far — he just ordered the country’s institutions and ideals. personal political power was of a Institute, sounded a touch more Carolina, the capital’s most
and public health crises a fes- federal government to fire at They note that recent events piece, Mr. Mounk suggested. hopeful. Warnings about authori- prominent black Republican,
tering concern about the state of innocent protesters,” Represent- are broadly consistent with the “I don’t believe Donald Trump, tarian backslide were not quite spoke critically of the decision to
American democracy itself. ative Ruben Gallego of Arizona spirit of Mr. Trump’s tenure to when he took his oath of office, alarmist, she said, “but I don’t violently clear protesters from
Mr. Trump’s defense secretary, said in an interview. “We need to date, much of which they have thought, ‘I want to be a dictator.’ share that concern just yet.” the area for a presidential photo-
Mark T. Esper, told governors to accept the fact that this presi- found troubling: Here is a presi- I don’t think that today that he “I remain optimistic,” she said, graph.
“dominate the battle space” dent, if given the opportunity, dent who had already fired an wants to be a dictator,” he said. “that the Congress, including So far, Mr. Trump appears
against protesters. A Black Hawk will try to be a dictator.” F.B.I. director leading an investi- “But I don’t think it’s outlandish Republicans in Congress, will see plainly unbowed. He spent much
helicopter flew low enough above Mr. Gallego, a veteran of the gation into his campaign; who to worry that should he be re- that we have given the chief of Tuesday morning tweeting
the city’s Chinatown district to Iraq War, predicted that military urged a foreign power to investi- elected, the democratic system in executive of this country too about the disorder in New York,
snap tree limbs and tear signs leaders would find themselves at gate a political rival; who purged the United States would be in wide a latitude.” instructing local leaders to
from the sides of buildings, a a decision point soon: “They’re inspectors general tasked with serious danger.” There is little indication of that “CALL UP THE NATIONAL
show-of-force maneuver often going to have to say no to the oversight of his administration; Mr. Trump’s invocation of to date — and little political GUARD,” and insisting that a
seen in combat zones to scare off president and not follow illegal who led a public crusade for his religion in the context of law incentive, it seems, for party “SILENT MAJORITY” remained
insurgents. orders.” own Justice Department to drop enforcement muscle struck sev- leaders to condemn a figure who on his side.
And presiding over it all was Adm. Mike Mullen, the former charges against his first national eral scholars as especially nota- remains widely popular with And he framed the actions in
the man who had threatened to chairman of the Joint Chiefs of security adviser, who had al- ble. their base (and whose rampag- Washington on Monday evening
send the American military to Staff, seemed to echo this anxiety ready pleaded guilty. Katherine Stewart, an author ing conduct has been well-known as a success worth emulating.
states where governors could not on Tuesday in an article for The Yascha Mounk, an associate who has focused often on the since before his election). “D.C. had no problems last
restore calm, labeling demon- Atlantic. While he was confident professor at Johns Hopkins Christian right, said that the Most Republican lawmakers night,” the president wrote.
strators who have used violence that uniformed officers would University who has written ex- church visit on Monday called to have declined to criticize Mr. “Many arrests. Great job done by
to draw attention to police brutal- obey lawful orders, he wrote, he tensively about threats to liberal mind political leaders like Prime Trump this week, though a hand- all. Overwhelming force. Domi-
ity against black people as “or- had less faith “in the soundness democracy, said that Mr. Trump Minister Viktor Orban of Hunga- ful have publicly taken issue with nation.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A23

Unrest in the Streets Anger and Curfew

In Shift, Wealthy City Enclaves Become a Target of Protesters

From Page A1
retail. In Atlanta, it has been
The Upshot provides news,
affluent Buckhead. In Philadel-
phia, Center City. In New York, analysis and graphics about
SoHo. In Los Angeles, protest politics, policy and everyday life.
leaders have deliberately steered nytimes.com/upshot
toward upscale neighborhoods,
including downtown and Beverly
Hills. zens in smaller cities like Fergu-
The late-night looting that has son, Mo. In larger cities like
followed some of these demon- Baltimore, Detroit and New
strations has left a similar string York, Mr. Spence has written, the
of upscale targets: a Nordstrom police have become a blunt in-
in Seattle, an Apple Store in strument to control the poor “so
Minneapolis, an R.E.I. in Santa they don’t threaten elite-driven
Monica. economic development.”
There is limited symbolism in Baltimore’s Port Covington
a store hit by opportunistic loot- redevelopment or The Wharf in
ing. But historians have noted Washington only work as city
the shifting geography of protest. officials envisioned, by Mr.
In 1964 in Philadelphia, black Spence’s argument, if the home-
neighborhoods along Columbia less are kept off the streets and
Avenue and North Broad Street young black men with little
were damaged, Thomas Sugrue, money to spend are kept away
a historian at N.Y.U., pointed out. from the stores. In such places,
This time, high-end Chestnut and
the economic critique of Occupy
Walnut Streets around Ritten-
Wall Street meets the cause of
house Square downtown were hit
over the weekend, before unrest the Black Lives Matter move-
spread through much of the city. ment.
In Los Angeles, where Watts Mr. Sugrue, the N.Y.U. histori-
was a site of unrest in 1960s, now an, suggested some other possi-
Rodeo Drive is one instead. ble reasons that the sites of
In Washington, where protest protest seem different this time.
in the 1960s left decades-long The commercial streets in tradi-
scars on commercial corridors in tionally black neighborhoods
black neighborhoods, some peo- have been hollowed out in many
ple at protests near the White cities, lessening their signifi-
House this week also vandalized cance. And even if school and
the surrounding blocks of high- BENJAMIN NORMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES residential segregation hasn’t
end restaurants that host power Repairing a window at the Urban Outfitters store in Midtown Manhattan on Tuesday after a night of looting across New York City. broken down with time, cities
lunches and offices where the have become more integrated in
well-off bank and work. Scrawled a commercial sense; Buckhead
across several buildings, along- rant and nightclub — and had the Apple Store and Gucci and be available now to workers minority workers. And these are isn’t off-limits to African-Ameri-
side “Black Lives Matter,” was lost his job in the pandemic, she Prada and the Lenox Mall — without a college degree who 50 the people hit hardest by job cans in the same way anymore.
another slogan: “Eat the Rich.” added. that’s deliberate,” said George years ago could have found losses this spring, during a pub- And groups that appear in many
“The anger being felt is not In the Buckhead neighborhood Chidi, a longtime writer in Atlan- middle-class work in factories lic health and economic crisis cities to be more multiracial may
just the deep injustice of police of Atlanta, black workers before ta who has also worked on home- and offices. that has highlighted urban in- include protesters more familiar
brutality,” said Saru Jayaraman, the pandemic staffed stores lessness there. “What it says is if As that work has declined, the equality. While the virus itself
with such neighborhoods.
who has for years organized for where they couldn’t afford to you’re walking around tomorrow economist David Autor says, the has preyed on poor African-
with a Fendi bag, who is to say if Alison Isenberg, a historian at
fair wages for tipped workers. economic promise of cities for Americans who could not work
you bought it or stole it?” from home, the public-health Princeton who is writing a book
Those workers, she said, are now the poor has dwindled, too. He
It makes it hard to tell who is uses the term “wealth work” for prescription for it — people must on uprisings in the 1960s, sug-
being told that their wages aren’t
gested one way things are not so
high enough to qualify for state
unemployment insurance — at a
‘We’ve created a class the diner and who is the server.
“People are trying very hard to
a new subset of service jobs like
the baristas who make $7 lattes
stay apart — has preyed on
service-sector employment. different from that era. Cities
time when large corporations are to exploit,’ said a avoid the word ‘serf,’ but that’s or the trainers who work in gyms Over the long term, these then were undergoing a wave of
transformation, too, with urban
getting millions in aid. Anger kind of where we are right now,” — meaning not that they offer economic changes in cities have
boiling over now, she said, is also writer in Atlanta. Mr. Chidi said of the modern the workers who do them wealth, been accompanied by shifts in renewal projects tearing through
about “the injustice of the corpo- urban economy. “Honestly, we’ve but that they exist because of the policing, according to Lester poor neighborhoods.
rate control of our democracy created a class to exploit.” wealth of others. Spence, a political scientist at “Urban renewal was under-
and the 1 percent really benefit- Booming Atlanta relies on “There’s a lot of people who Johns Hopkins University. As stood at the time to be pushing
ing off the fruits of their labor.” shop and served meals in restau- hotel clerks, nannies, gardeners, are there to serve the comfort federal investments in cities out people with fewer means to
George Floyd, whose death at rants where their wages wouldn’t house cleaners, car washers, and convenience and care of have dwindled and many states make room in cities for business
the hands of the Minneapolis cover dinner. Now protest is Uber drivers, janitors who clean affluent individuals,” Mr. Autor have curbed the ability of cities and people with bigger pocket-
police set off the protests, was a happening there, too. fancy gyms and couriers who said. to raise tax revenue, the police books,” Ms. Isenberg said.
restaurant worker — a security “I’m not particularly surprised deliver from trendy restaurants. Such low-wage jobs in cities have increasingly been used to That exact diagnosis echoes in
guard at a Minneapolis restau- that protesters went straight to Jobs like these are what tend to are disproportionately held by generate revenue by fining citi- cities today.

Push for Curfew Grew as City Lost Control

By DANA RUBINSTEIN day. broached the idea of a curfew.
and JEFFERY C. MAYS “It wasn’t as angry,” said Mr. At the same time, the gover-
It was still a few hours before Davidoff, who has also advised nor’s office was expressing alarm.
New York City would fall under a Mr. de Blasio. “It was mourning.” “On Monday morning, we
historic curfew on Monday night, It is not at all clear, however, if reached out and said, we are very,
but Mayor Bill de Blasio could al- the earlier curfew would deter very concerned that what you are
ready see that it was not working. widespread crime or better em- doing is not working in the city to
Demonstrators had been power the police to restore order maintain order,” one state official
amassing for several days to pro- to areas targeted by looters. said.
test the police killing of George Among the many doubters are Mr. Later that afternoon, the mayor
Floyd in Minneapolis. The 11 p.m. Bratton, who described curfews conferred with Mr. Shea and Mr.
cutoff on Monday effectively as “symbolic,” and Donovan Rich- Cuomo. He decided that a curfew
pushed peaceful protesters off the ards, a Queens councilman who would begin at 11 p.m. The news
streets, but it seemed to do little to leads the City Council’s public was then divulged by the gover-
deter those who looted large parts safety committee. Mr. Richards nor during a radio interview.
of Midtown Manhattan and a slice worried that the curfew enforce- That evening, Mr. de Blasio was
of the Bronx. ment would fall most heavily on on the ground as the protests
If anything, the curfew seemed essential workers of color. kicked off and the looting began.
to cause them to start earlier. “My father is a commercial “He saw the situation had esca- Make a statement in our
As a result, the mayor decided cleaner,” Mr. Richards said. “He lated earlier in the night than it
to move the start time of the cur- works up to 11 p.m. Someone like had on Sunday and there was 18kt gold necklace from Italy
few to 8 p.m., announcing his deci- him will have to deal with a curfew more looting overall,” said Freddi
sion in an interview on NY1. By — a black man in the middle of Goldstein, the mayor’s press sec-
Manhattan. I certainly have con- retary. Our textured and polished
Tuesday morning, Mr. de Blasio
said he would extend that 8 p.m. cerns.” So Mr. de Blasio made what she
The last time New York City said was an “immediate decision”
18kt yellow gold interlocking
curfew, New York City’s first since
World War II, through Sunday was under curfew was in Febru- to start the curfew at 8 p.m. on link necklace, crafted in Italy, has
night. ary 1945. Fiorello LaGuardia was Tuesday. He and Mr. Shea later de-
The decision to institute the cided to extend the curfew though chic presence with timeless style.
curfew was laden with political the end of the week, Ms. Goldstein
and strategic considerations, and said. Neither decision was dis- The graduated design showcases
once again opened a window into Former officials cussed with the governor.
the largest links at the center,
David N. Dinkins, the former
the fraught relationship between
the mayor and his fellow Demo-
warned of ‘tough New York City mayor who presid-
accentuating every ensemble with
crat, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo. times’ for the mayor. ed over the last major spate of civil
unrest in the city — four days of
But it also revealed the willing- elegance and shine.
ness of state and city leaders to interracial violence in Crown
consider extraordinary measures Heights, Brooklyn — said he had
— a solution of some kind to a level mayor. Franklin D. Roosevelt was no advice or counsel to offer the
of pandemonium on city streets president. The Allied forces had current mayor but he expressed
that longtime New York leaders just bombed Dresden, Germany, apprehension about the unrest.
said had no recent parallel. and the United States was facing a “The language I would use is
“There’s nobody alive today in coal shortage. The director of war ‘concerned,’ ” Mr. Dinkins said.
law enforcement — and I’ve been mobilization imposed a nation- “Rodney King comes to mind.
around since the late ’60s — no- wide midnight curfew on all Tough times.”
body has seen anything like this in “places of entertainment.” It Kathryn S. Wylde, president
this country,” said Wiliam J. Brat- lasted until May. and chief executive of the non-
ton, Mr. de Blasio’s first police Seventy-five years and 10 may- profit Partnership for New York
commissioner. ors later — as late-night violence City, said the future of the city
Richard Ravitch, 86, a former hijacked otherwise peaceful dem- might well depend on the mayor
New York State lieutenant gover-
nor, said that although there were
riots in the 1960s, “it was nowhere
onstrations, as people looted the
Macy’s flagship store, as parts of
the Bronx were again burning —
getting this right.
“One very prominent business
owner said to me this morning,
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Sid Davidoff, now one of the The decision to establish a cur- “And if we can’t stop this, there 18kt Yellow Gold Interlocking Link Necklace from Italy
few did not come easily. will be a mass exodus,” she added.
city’s top lobbyists, was a person- 18" length. Graduates from 1⁄2" to 1". Lobster clasp.
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Even that tragedy, he said, as well
as the unrest it prompted, does not around the country. And the situation trim for
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Other points of view set scaffolding on fire. few was likely to last until the
The next morning, before his June 9 funeral of Mr. Floyd. In collaboration with the Italian Trade Agency, the Ministry
on the Op-Ed page regularly scheduled press brief- “This is clearly going to run for
seven days a week. THE EXTRAORDINARY of Economic Development and Confindustria-Federorafi
ing, the mayor and his police com- another week or 10 days,” Mr. ITALIAN JEWELRY
The New York Times missioner, Dermot F. Shea, Bratton said.
A24 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Unrest in the Streets Portraits

FACES IN THE CROWD

Why They March:

‘I Felt I Had to Go’
By JOHN BRANCH

For a week, cities across America have been theaters of “George Floyd was the last straw.”
dissent. The protesters are in the torched neighborhoods “I am heartbroken and outraged every day,” said Can-
of Minneapolis. They are banging the barricades outside dice Elder, who was marching in Oakland, Calif. “I’m tired
the White House, surging through New York’s Union of being sick and tired.”
Square, smashing shop windows in Beverly Hills. Maybe at another time, in another year, Mr. Floyd’s
The people giving voice to their anger are individual death would have ended in a vigil, a few local marches,
pieces of a movement, like drops of water to a wave. Their promises of reform. But America was not prepared to
strength is in cohesiveness. Yet they are strangers, divided accept the usual responses to this death, at this time. Not
by geography, age, color and experience: A 65-year-old in the middle of a pandemic that has taken more than
black woman in Boston. The teenage daughter of undocu- 100,000 lives, many of them black. Not in a country
mented immigrants in Los Angeles. A white stay-at-home where unemployment, which has also hit African-Ameri-
mother from Austin, Texas. cans with disproportionate effect, is at its highest point in
They have all had enough. a century.
“I can’t breathe,” read the signs carried by many pro- Fear. Anxiety. Anger. Desperation. These are the moods
testers, echoing some of the last words of George Floyd, of the moment. They have driven people to the streets,
whose death in the custody of the Minneapolis police — bound into a movement, draped in hopelessness. Or is it LOS ANGELES
his neck rammed under an officer’s knee — ignited a hope?
sudden, collective fury. A protest is an act of desperation and defiance. But why Beatriz Lopez, 19
“It was a powder keg,” said Michael Sampson II, who do it if not for the belief, however modest, that the voices At Hollywood High, Beatriz Lopez was one of two
was on the streets over the weekend in Jacksonville, Fla. in the street will be heard? nonblack students performing with the hip-hop
majorette dance team.
“Every single year there was an African-Ameri-
can assembly for students organized by the black
student union,” Ms. Lopez said. “It was very emo-
tional. They would read poems about police brutal-
ity. They would make slide shows remembering
people who had passed away from police brutality
MINNEAPOLIS
that year. That resonated with me.”
Kennetta Hollivay, 49 The daughter of Mexican immigrants, Ms. Lopez
identified with the way black people were treated
Kennetta Hollivay stood outside her store, the
by the police because she grew up worrying about
Dollar & Up market, a block-and-a-half from the
how officers might interact with her parents.
spot where Mr. Floyd died.
“We always had something to be scared of be-
She and her husband bought the store in Septem-
cause my parents are undocumented,” she said.
ber. It has been a rough few months. The store
“Every time I would see police, even now, I get
remained open through the pandemic but business
some kind of anxiety. I feel like they will always
was slow.
have the upper hand. I feel that with a uniform and
Ms. Hollivay has lived in the neighborhood her
badge, they are in control of everyone around
whole life, and said she felt compelled to join the
them. That infuriates me.”
protests, at first at least.
The death of Mr. Floyd opened the doors.
“When I first heard about it, I was like, ‘Oh, wow,
“When my friend sent me that flyer about the
the police have killed somebody else,’ ” Ms. Holli-
protest, I felt I had to go,” she said. “I had been
vay said. “And I was hurt. But once I saw video, it
asking, ‘What can I do?’”
was like — that man died right before our eyes. I’ve
Ms. Lopez marched down Third Street with her
never seen nothing like that before. Ever. Ever. I
three friends and thousands more people. When
told my husband yesterday I’ve been having these
they arrived at the intersection of Third and La
dreams every night of this. Nightmares.”
Cienega, they knelt.
— DIONNE SEARCEY
“We felt the ground so hot and rough, and how
he must have felt in that moment.”
— MIRIAM JORDAN

VICTOR J. BLUE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

MINNEAPOLIS

Don Hubbard, 44
Don Hubbard said he had no choice but to come to
Cup Foods, the store where a store clerk reported
that Mr. Floyd had tried to use a counterfeit $20
bill, leading to the call to the police.
A Minneapolis native, Mr. Hubbard said 90 per-
cent of his interactions with the police were nega-
tive, even though he has been a local government
employee for years.
About 10 years ago, Mr. Hubbard said, the police
stopped him as he came out of a store, saying that
he “fit the description” of a man accused in a do-
mestic dispute.
“I fit the description because I was black,” he
said.
Mr. Hubbard said his co-worker, who was white,
sat in the truck and looked the other way instead of
vouching for him.
“I haven’t talked to that man since this day,” Mr.
VICTOR J. BLUE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Hubbard said. “I think he’s a coward.”
Now working for the county, Mr. Hubbard said he
was the only black construction employee in a staff
of about 90. He drives a BMW and owns a house
with a pool in suburban Brooklyn Park. But he still
feels like the police define him by the color of his
skin, and worries about his two sons and two
daughters, ages 4 to 24.
“I come out here today on a nice day like this
because I feel like if I don’t come out here, and we
don’t all show up, then what are we doing?” Mr.
Hubbard said. “We’re letting this man die in vain.”
— KIM BARKER

‘I am
heartbroken
and outraged
every day.’
CANDICE ELDER
26, Oakland, Calif.

CHRISTIE HEMM KLOK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

 THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A25

‘If you’re not LOS ANGELES

standing up for Liz Culley, 34

Liz Culley and her wife joined neighbors who pro-
George Floyd, tested at Pan Pacific Park.
who’s going to “It was beautiful,” she said. “Some young kids
gave me an extra sign because I didn’t have one.”
stand up for you? It was after she got home that much more cha-
otic protests moved onto her street. She coughed
It’s just a level of on the tear gas that reached her home as pro-
wrongness, that I testers sought refuge.
“I grabbed whatever I could — bottles of water
couldn’t say no to and paper towels — and ran downstairs,” Ms. Cul-
ley said. “Other neighbors came out, it was all of
going out to try to us, the whole building as a unit. I was spraying
do something.’ people’s eyes, wiping their eyes, we had a little
station set up.”
BETH MUFFETT The street became a hot zone for several hours.
36, Austin, Texas “People grabbed metal trash bins and barricaded
the street so cops couldn’t drive through,” Ms.
Culley said. “A girl came up with blood all over her
face. We cleaned her up and told her she had to go
to the hospital. ”
ILANA PANICH-LINSMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES As the confrontations dissipated, other kinds of
protesters moved in. “Opportunists,” she called
them.
She felt disappointed. “There were people who
VICTOR J. BLUE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
wanted to be a part of a political statement, a
movement, a march,” she said. “But burning the
MINNEAPOLIS city, I don’t think that has anything to do with the
people we interacted with yesterday. It’s just sad.”
Rashaad Dinkins, 18 — ADAM POPESCU

Rashaad Dinkins was 12 when unrest broke out in

Ferguson. He remembers watching the news,
knowing that black people were being killed.
“I just understood that my skin could get me in
trouble, and I need to be careful about how I
represent myself and how I act around certain
groups,” Mr. Dinkins said.
When he worked at the Mall of America, a
security guard followed him while he was on
break. Mr. Dinkins became an actor and would
become deflated when he sometimes was passed
up for roles.
“Going into auditions and being told you were-
n’t good enough from a panel of white people, it
was kind of demeaning and challenging,” Mr.
Dinkins said. “That’s when I realized I have a
voice and I have to speak up because I can’t feel
like this anymore.”
When Mr. Floyd was killed just a few blocks
from where Mr. Dinkins lives, he knew he had to
be a part of the moment.
“I think it was the realization that it could have
been me because I go to that store, and I grew up
going to that store all the time,” Mr. Dinkins said.
“It could have easily been my body under that
police officer.”
— JOHN ELIGON

BETHANY MOLLENKOF FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

BETHANY MOLLENKOF FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

ST. LOUIS

Chad Bennett, 22
‘We always had Chad Bennett and his father, wearing matching
face masks, stood back in a parking lot as they
these restrictions watched protesters march past the Police Depart-
ment in Ferguson, Mo., the site of numerous pro-
since I was a little tests since Michael Brown, a black teenager, was
boy. And now killed by a white police officer there in 2014.
“When Ferguson happened, the whole world
I’m married with descended on us,” said Mr. Bennett, a graduate of
Columbia College Chicago who works as an anima-
four kids, and I tor. “This time, it was like bam, bam, bam, city after
don’t want to city. I knew I had to be a part of it.”
Seeing the video of what happened to Mr. Floyd
leave them in left him “numb,” he said. “It’s a silent rage, I
guess,” he said. “I don’t know if I’m sad anymore.
this world like it I’m just angry.”
is when I go.’ — WHITNEY CURTIS

SYDNEY DRIVER
37, Brooklyn
VICTOR J. BLUE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

MINNEAPOLIS

Erika Zdon, 48
“George Floyd, George Floyd,” rang the staccato
chant from protesters ringing a memorial of flow-
ers at the spot where Mr. Floyd died.
Erika Zdon had never joined a protest, but on
Sunday, she drove her five children from Isanti,
Minn., an hour away, so they could witness this
moment.
“I said this could be in the history books and this
could be something that changes the world,” Ms.
Zdon said, “and you should smell it, and see it and
hear it and feel what’s happening in our communi-
ty.”
Ms. Zdon knew the violence of Mr. Floyd’s death
was a difficult thing to share with her children, but
their day-to-day life is full of white people. Before
she and her family stood at the site where Mr.
Floyd lost his life, she took them to a looted Target.
“I talked to the kids a lot about this is what hate
is,” Ms. Zdon said. “This is what bound-up feelings
look like.”
— DIONNE SEARCEY WHITNEY CURTIS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

DEMETRIUS FREEMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

A26 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

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 THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A27

Unrest in the Streets Businesses Victimized

Mayor and Police Chief

Blamed After Looters
Roam Freely in Midtown
By ALAN FEUER insufficient to get a grip on the sit-
and EDGAR SANDOVAL uation.”
Mayor Bill de Blasio and his top From dusk on Monday until
police official faced sharp criti- well after dark, reporters and or-
cism on Tuesday and vowed to al- dinary residents posting on social
ter their tactics after thousands of media observed repeated inci-
officers were unable to prevent dents of the police either rushing
bands of looters from breaking past stores being looted or arriv-
into businesses across the city, in- ing at them too late to quell the
cluding Macy’s flagship store in mayhem.
Herald Square and other well- The situation was apparently
known stores in Midtown Manhat- the same at the North Face store
tan. on Fifth Avenue and an Urban
Even some senior members of Outfitters branch in Herald
the department privately ac- Square. Small bands of young peo-
knowledged that the police had ple, largely dressed in black,
been overwhelmed by the number smashed through windows, mak-
of looting incidents and the logis- ing off with armloads of merchan-
tics of keeping ahead of the steady dise. Sometimes, officers were in
stream of reported break-ins for a the area and failed to promptly re-
second night. spond. At other times, they were
“The radio was nonstop all nowhere to be seen.
night with cops asking for Asked about these incidents on
backup,” said one police official, Tuesday, Mayor de Blasio pushed
who spoke on the condition of ano- back firmly, saying he had seen
nymity. Much of the help, the offi- “many, many police officers tak-
TODD HEISLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES cial added, never arrived, allow- ing action to stop things.”
Protesters after the 11 p.m. curfew in Brooklyn on Monday. Some took it upon themselves to try to stop those breaking into stores. ing looters to move on to other tar- “We do not allow looting, peri-
gets. od,” he said. “Anyone who is loot-
Mr. de Blasio and his police ing is a criminal.”
Roving Bands Loot Midtown as Protesters Look On in Horror commissioner, Dermot F. Shea, ac-
knowledged that the depart-
ment’s response to the turmoil
But the mayor acknowledged
that police officials sent the bulk of
their officers on Monday to SoHo,
This article is by Christina Gold- emerged seconds later with two Monday was flawed and that where most of the disturbances
baum, Liam Stack and Alex Traub. large boxes in his hands. widespread looting had taken were on Sunday, failing to antici-
The looters tore off the plywood On Fifth Avenue, Cartier, Gucci, place as many officers were dis- pate the troubles farther north in
that boarded up Macy’s flagship Versace, Armani, Zara, and Salva- patched to oversee what turned Midtown.
store in Herald Square, swarming tore Ferragamo had all armored out to be largely peaceful demon- Joining him at a news confer-
inside by the dozens to steal what- their stores with plywood to pro- strations. ence, Mr. Shea noted that officers
ever they could find before being tect against the swelling theft. City Councilman Rory Lanc- in New York are trained to pre-
chased down by the police. Others Others were frantically trying man, the chairman of the Commit- serve life over property and that,
smashed the windows at a Nike to do so, even as the looting wore tee on the Justice System, said the at least so far, there had been no
store, grabbing shirts, jeans and on: At 10:45 p.m. outside a San- police had failed to stop crimes casualties during the past chaotic
zip-up jackets. They crashed into tander Bank on 35th Street, con- from being committed and were week.
a Coach store, ransacked a struction workers sawed pieces of overly aggressive in controlling “We’ve had a very difficult, by
Bergdorf Goodman branch and wood and boarded up the bank as legitimate protest. “The buck falls anyone’s definition, five days of
destroyed scores of smaller store- small groups of young people squarely with the mayor — it’s his literally straight protest in the
fronts along the way. passed them on the street and police force,” Mr. Lancman said. middle of the pandemic, dealing
The eruption of looting in the rummaged through already shat- While it remained unclear pre- with everything, including the
central business district of Man- tered stores. cisely how the police planned to kitchen sink,” he said. “It has not
hattan — long an emblem of New On Seventh Avenue, Heidi retool their approach, Mr. de Bla- been perfect by any stretch of the
York’s stature and prowess — Murga, 34, watched as a group of sio said he would impose an 8 p.m. imagination.”
struck yet another blow to a city BENJAMIN NORMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES people broke into a FedEx store. curfew on Tuesday — three hours Some among his rank and file
reeling from the nation’s worst co- The Macy’s flagship was among those struck by looters Monday After the looters dispersed, Ms. earlier than Monday — and called agreed. One officer, who spoke on
ronavirus outbreak. night. Officers arrived after a plywood barrier was breached. Murga, who works as a broker and on local clergy members and com- the condition of anonymity be-
The mayhem late on Monday lives in Midtown, decided to stand munity leaders to take an in- cause he was not authorized to
night and into the early morning guard outside the store to ward off creased role in protecting their
the entire department was trying tried to grab jewelry from lock- talk with reporters, compared the
marred otherwise peaceful pro- other bands of looters. own neighborhoods.
to deal with a constantly shifting, boxes. But many high-ticket items city on Monday night to “a war
tests conducted by thousands of “I’m just going to stand here He also promised to re-examine
citywide series of street demon- were left untouched. On Fifth Ave- zone.”
people across the city in the wake and pretend it’s my store, it’s what the strategy his police depart-
strations both orderly and not. nue, a crowd smashed the window I can do,” she said. “This is not pro- The senior police official who
of the death of George Floyd, and ment has used to deal with the
“There is no such thing as being of a Camper shoe store, but did not test, this is violence, completely.” spoke anonymously said Mr. de
it touched off a new crisis for May- worst public chaos to hit New
able to loot with impunity,” the take the pair of $800 sneakers sit- By the time the citywide curfew Blasio and Mr. Shea had failed to
or Bill de Blasio. On Tuesday his York since the citywide blackout
mayor said at a news conference. ting by the entrance. went into effect at 11 p.m., the foresee that the largely peaceful
fellow Democrat and frequent ri- of 1977. The department issued a
“I’m so sick of these efforts to mis- A different group shattered the mood had darkened: an air of an- memo canceling all days off for its protests could quickly devolve.
val, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, criti- characterize reality.” windows of a boutique tea shop, The official also noted the police
cized the city’s response, saying, archy seemed to metastasize officers.
“I was all over New York City leaving a traffic cone hanging, across Midtown. “There’s a lot of things that have communications systems became
“The NYPD and the mayor did not last night,” he continued. “I saw nose out, through a hole in one of overburdened as commanders
do their job last night.” Just after 11, a group of looters to be done better, a lot of things
police officers trying to deal with a its windows. But they disturbed approached Madison Jewelers on have to be fixed,” Mr. de Blasio pleaded for backup at the same
Beginning Monday afternoon very difficult situation.” almost none of its merchandise, time.
and growing wilder as night fell, Broadway, where the glass store- said. “And that’s the work we will
The mayhem was perhaps most creating a surreal scene of front lay shattered, and forced do.”
small bands of young people serious at the Macy’s flagship on smashed glass and delicate, care-
dressed mostly in black pillaged open the store’s metal gate. With The vast majority of the pro-
34th Street, one of the largest de- fully preserved tea sets — their the store alarm blaring, young tests across New York City on
chain stores, boutiques and
kitschy trinket stores in Midtown
partment stores in the world. Vid- bright red cups and saucers bal- men foraged inside and dozens of Monday were peaceful. But Despite more than
eo showed scenes of chaos as fires anced in an avant-garde display. others rushed to the scene. When
Manhattan, as the police at first
struggled in vain to impose order.
burned on the street and looters It seemed for some that the de- an unmarked police car with its
throughout the late evening, an
enormous deployment of 8,000 of-
700 arrests, vandals
began gathering in front of one of sire to steal was less alluring than
Within hours, the normally vi- the blocked entryways. the thrill of destroying and, with
lights on passed the scene, it
paused briefly — and then contin-
ficers — nearly a quarter of the de-
partment — was unable to contain
had the upper hand.
brant center of wealth and upscale One man repeatedly kicked the few police officers cracking down,
retail had descended into an al- ued down 37th Street. the bands of looters or to stop
plywood as cheers erupted from relishing in a powerful feeling of “This way! This way!” one loot- them from smashing windows
most clichéd vision of disorder: other looters. When the door was impunity.
Streets were speckled with bro- er yelled. and breaking into stores that Chief Terence Monahan, the
broken, people raced inside, fol- Along Broadway, roving bands Minutes later, two police offi- ranged from mom-and-pop shops
ken glass and trash can fires. highest-ranking uniformed offi-
lowed later by police officers of young people dashed between cers on bicycles sped toward the to retail giants like Macy’s and
Bands of looters pillaged stores cer, told The New York Post on
dashing through the aisles, trying destroyed stores and biked freely crowd, sending people fleeing Bergdorf Goodman.
without regard for nearby police Tuesday that he was outraged by
to catch them. along the empty roads. Even as down Broadway. The cops threw Over again and again, the police
officers. The screech of sirens ech- Governor Cuomo’s criticism and
At a Nike store, dozens of peo- rows of police vans flanked the one man to the ground, but as they responded to emergency calls, but
oed between skyscrapers. defended the department’s han-
ple, mostly teenagers, broke in the surrounding streets, the looters hand-tied him, another man in a even though they made more than
By the early morning hours, a dling of the unrest.
front glass and entered the store, seemed to know that they were gray sweatshirt pelted two large 700 arrests, they struggled to se-
sense of lawlessness had set in. “I’m watching my men and
grabbing jeans, jackets and other winning the game of cat and rocks at the officers before he was cure the streets and get ahead of
After a weekend filled with women out there dealing with
apparel as the security alarm mouse. chased away. the vandals. One video showed a
shocking scenes of looting, scuf- stuff that no cop should ever have
blared. Looters scurried in and “They’re looting, causing dam- An hour later, around 200 peo- roiling crowd gathered in front of
fles between the police and pro- to deal with — bricks, bottles,
out of the store, blanketing the age, they didn’t come here to pro- ple flooded onto Seventh Avenue Macy’s, on 34th Street, with
testers and destruction of police rocks,” Chief Monahan said.
sidewalk in empty hangers, while test,” said one security guard on chanting expletives about the cur- enough time to rip through a ply-
cars, the governor and mayor an- In the evening, a spokesman for
crowds of protesters berated Broadway between 37th and 38th few. As they approached two po- wood barricade and swarm into
nounced Monday afternoon that the governor walked back parts of
them from the street. Streets, who declined to give his lice vans, the cars pulled away — the store before the police re-
they would deploy twice as many Mr. Cuomo’s remarks about the
“That’s not what this is about!” name. “One kid flashed his knife at prompting a wave of applause sponded.
police officers and impose an 11 police, saying he respected the
one group chanted. me. It’s just a bunch of kids, no from the crowd. Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo said on
p.m. curfew. rank and file but questioned Mr.
Several minutes later, police si- adults.” “If you want to peacefully pro- Tuesday the police had failed, but
The curfew succeeded in end- de Blasio’s management and de-
rens could be heard in the dis- Around 9 p.m., the guard test, stay inside!” one young man resisted calls to replace them with
ing most of the peaceful protests ployment of the 36,000 officers.
tance. But when officers arrived, watched as looters shattered the bellowed through a megaphone. the National Guard. “The N.Y.P.D.
before midnight. As for the loot- “Why isn’t at least half of the force
they were too late: both the loot- storefront at an Urban Outfitters “If you want to do whatever you and the mayor did not do their job
ers, it seemed only to embolden on the streets protecting public
ers and the protest march they two blocks away. The group then want, stay out here.” last night,” Mr. Cuomo said. “Look
them to start earlier in the day. safety with looting going on
had splintered away from were tore through the store, leaving When the group happened upon at the videos. It was a disgrace.”
Even before the curfew took ef- across the city?” the aide, Richard
long gone. hangers, clothes and display a New York-themed gift shop President Trump, who has re-
fect, the mayor announced Mon- Azzopardi, said.
As Midtown drained of demon- stands strewn across the floor in whose storefront had already peatedly clashed with governors
day night that the curfew on Tues- Some decisions departed from
strators, more swarms of maraud- their wake. been smashed open, they ran- and mayors over his response to
day would begin at 8 p.m. past practice, experts on crowd
ers poured into the streets, An hour later — while the police sacked the store once again. As George Floyd’s death, urged Gov-
On Monday, protesters some- control said. The city did not de-
smashing shop windows and stood within sight — people they tore through the merchan- ernor Cuomo to send in National
times deputized themselves to ploy plainclothes anti-crime offi-
rushing through already broken- peered in to assess what merchan- dise, one person lobbed a Statue of Guardsmen. “NYC was ripped to
stop the destruction and stealing. cers during the Manhattan dem-
into buildings. dise was left. One man in a red Liberty figurine outside. pieces,” the president said on
When one group shattered the onstrations to spot people throw-
As they hopped from store to sweatshirt jumped through a It landed, fractured, in the Twitter.
windows of an Aldo shoe store in ing bricks or committing other
store, they grabbed clothing and shattered glass panel and street. Like other municipal officials,
the afternoon, protesters rushed crimes, a city official said.
forward to push them away from Mr. de Blasio and Mr. Shea have Mounted units were not used for
the store, pulling one young man said that the police in New York crowd control, and the demonstra-
out of the broken window as he have done their best to grapple tors were allowed to roam rela-
tried to climb inside. with a complicated and quickly tively freely rather than being
“Stop doing this!” one dis- changing crisis, trying to balance channeled onto certain routes.
traught woman yelled, her friends respect for peaceful protest with A detective, who, like his col-
holding her back as she lunged to- protecting lives and property — leagues, spoke on the condition
ward the looters. “George Floyd’s all in the middle of a pandemic. that he not be named, said he did
brother said not to do this! That is “The complexities our officers not believe that orders had been
not what this is about!” deal with are unimaginable,” Mr. issued for officers to refrain from
Several reporters and photog- de Blasio said. confronting looters. But he said of-
raphers for The New York Times But Ritchie Torres, a Bronx city ficers had been instructed to
witnessed numerous scenes of councilman, said the police were “keep yourself safe,” and may
people setting upon storefronts all slow to respond not only to the dis- have waited in some cases.
across Midtown. The police at first turbances in Manhattan, but also “It’s dangerous, especially if
appeared outnumbered before to numerous reports of looting you don’t have a lot of police in the
eventually massing re- and arson on Fordham Road, the immediate area,” he said.
inforcements and making arrests. largest commercial district in his Brian Higgins, an expert on
Even before the governor’s re- borough. crowd control who teaches at John
mark, the mayor and the police “The administration assured Jay College of Criminal Justice,
commissioner, Dermot F. Shea, me the situation was under con- said the police department should
pushed back at the notion that the trol, but when I saw it for myself, it not be playing catch-up with loot-
police had not been up to the task. was anything but,” Mr. Torres said ers a week into the demonstra-
They noted that officers had made in an interview on Tuesday. “The tions.
700 arrests, the most of any night city was largely reactive — almost Many looters, he noted, seemed
since the protests began, and that blindsided. Then, when the police to have gone in and out of
did respond, their presence was marquee stores with a giddy dis-
regard for the consequences.
Luis Ferré-Sadurní and Azi Pay- CHANG W. LEE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Michael Wilson and Ashley “Last night the N.Y.P.D. took it
barah contributed reporting. The police began arresting protesters out after the 11 p.m. curfew on Monday in Times Square. Southall contributed reporting. on the chin,” he said.
A28 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

NEWS ANALYSIS
On Hot Mic,
In Phone Transcripts, the Kindling of a Kremlin-Fueled Fire Engel Piques
By MARK MAZZETTI
WASHINGTON — Russian Local Critics
spy services had just carried out
a complex campaign to disrupt By SHANE GOLDMACHER
an American presidential elec- Representative Eliot L. Engel, a
tion. But the man who was set to New York Democrat who is facing
become the White House na- a serious primary challenge this
tional security adviser, speaking month and questions about his
to Russia’s ambassador, referred lack of presence in his district, ar-
to that effort only as “the cyber- rived on Tuesday at a Bronx news
stuff.” conference about local vandalism
The ambassador suggested with a determination to speak.
that the “very deplorable” sanc- But shortly before the news
tions that the United States conference began, Ruben Diaz Jr.,
imposed on Russia in late 2016
the Bronx borough president and
were born out of the Obama
organizer of the event, ran
administration’s anger about the
election results, and even said through the list of planned speak-
that they were aimed at hurting ers to the assembled politicians.
the incoming president, Donald The microphone was already
J. Trump. The American agreed. broadcasting.
In the transcripts of the phone “I cannot have all the electeds
calls between two men — Mi- talk because we will never get out
chael T. Flynn and Sergey I. of here,” Mr. Diaz said.
Kislyak — is the kindling of a Mr. Engel pressed his case for a
controversy that fanned into a turn. “If I didn’t have a primary, I
blaze that has consumed so wouldn’t care,” he said, repeating,
much of the Trump presidency. “If I didn’t have a primary, I
The discussions, declassified wouldn’t care.”
and released on Friday, illumi- First elected to Congress in
nate not only the Trump adminis- 1988, Mr. Engel, who is the chair-
tration’s dismissive attitude man of the powerful House For-
toward overwhelming evidence eign Affairs Committee, will face
of the Russian sabotage effort, voters again in New York’s prima-
but also how the Kremlin worked
ry elections on June 23. His oppo-
to manipulate Mr. Trump’s advis-
sition began to consolidate this
ers by convincing them that the
president’s political enemies had week as one of his leading rivals,
concocted a “Russia hoax.”
TOM BRENNER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Andom Ghebreghiorgis, dropped
Eighteen months later, Mr. Michael T. Flynn was played “like a fiddle” by a Russian envoy before becoming national security adviser, said an ex-C.I.A. official. out and endorsed Jamaal Bow-
Trump stood next to President man, a Bronx school principal.
Vladimir V. Putin of Russia and In justifying his decision to sia, including economic sanc- Nothing on the calls with Mr. spread false information on The same day, the Progressive
said he believed Mr. Putin’s drop charges against Mr. Flynn tions, the expulsion of 35 sus- Kislyak — and no evidence un- social media platforms and use Change Campaign Committee an-
denials that the Kremlin was for lying to the F.B.I. about what pected Russian spies operating earthed in the past three years — cutouts to make contact with Mr. nounced its endorsement of Mr.
involved in the election sabotage. transpired during the Kislyak under diplomatic cover and the suggests that Mr. Flynn ever Trump’s advisers. Bowman, who has the support of
“I don’t see any reason why it calls, Attorney General William closing of two Russian diplomatic worked as an agent on behalf of Mr. Mueller began his report several local progressive leaders.
would be” Russia, Mr. Trump P. Barr called the conversations compounds in the United States. Russia. with a blunt statement of fact: Mr. Engel has faced questions
said at a summit in Helsinki, “laudable,” saying that Mr. Flynn These are the very spy agen- Mr. Flynn’s supporters say “The Russian government inter- about his absence from New York
Finland. was trying to keep Russia from cies that are central to Russia’s there was no reason for F.B.I. fered in the 2016 presidential during the coronavirus pandemic,
Mr. Flynn was not such a escalating tensions with the fight against terrorism, the Rus- agents to interview the former election in sweeping and system- especially after an article in The
difficult target for a Russian United States. sian ambassador said. Army general in January 2017 atic fashion.” Atlantic detailed how he had
manipulation effort, given his During an interview with CBS “I ask myself, does it mean since the investigation was on Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, a former stayed in Washington.
inclination to see common cause News last month, Mr. Barr said that the United States isn’t will- the verge of closing, which is also head of European operations and Mr. Bowman responded to Mr.
with Russia as well as his hostil- that it was “very common” for ing to work on terrorist threats?” now the Justice Department’s Moscow station chief at the Engel’s comments on Tuesday,
ity toward the Obama adminis- the incoming national security Mr. Flynn agreed, omitting any position. C.I.A., said it was important to saying they were “painful to
tration. President Barack Obama team to communicate with for- But the phone calls with Mr. think of the situation from the
had removed Mr. Flynn as the watch.”
eign leaders and that Mr. Flynn Kislyak, along with the fact that Russian perspective. “Flynn is
head of the Defense Intelligence said “nothing inconsistent with Mr. Flynn lied to several White “It’s clear that we need new
the prospective national security leadership,” said Mr. Bowman,
Agency, and Mr. Flynn famously
led a chorus of “lock her up”
the Obama administration’s
policies.”
A look at early efforts House officials about what hap-
pened during the discussions,
adviser,” he said. “He has whose campaign said that Tues-
reached out, presumably with
chants at the 2016 Republican
National Convention in a refer-
But during one of the conver-
sations with the Russian ambas-
to play down election caused enough concern in the
F.B.I. that its director at the time,
Trump’s blessing, to reassure
day had been its single biggest
fund-raising day, with more than
Vladimir Putin personally that
ence to Hillary Clinton. sador, Mr. Flynn indicated he meddling by Moscow. James B. Comey, sent agents to U.S.-Russian relations will be
1,000 donations in about three
During the presidential cam- saw the Kremlin as more of an the White House to question Mr. hours.
fundamentally different.”
paign, Mr. Trump had spoken ally than the departing American Flynn. He pleaded guilty later In a statement after the event,
Besides his passing mention of
frequently about wanting to president. “Do not let this admin- that year to lying during the Mr. Engel explained his push for
improve American relations with mention of the spy services’ “the cyberstuff,” Mr. Flynn never
istration box us in right now,” he interview. time before the cameras.
Russia. said to Mr. Kislyak. operations to undermine Ameri- The president and his allies brought up the Russian sabotage
campaign with Mr. Kislyak, “In the context of running for
Mr. Kislyak “played Flynn like Mr. Flynn had long seen Rus- can democracy. now accuse the F.B.I. of framing re-election, I thought it was im-
a fiddle, particularly when Flynn sia as a partner in combating By that point, Mr. Kislyak had Mr. Flynn. This is part of Mr. according to the transcripts. The
United States and Russia were portant for people to know where I
astonishingly suggested that the terrorism. During the calls, Mr. become a fixture of Washington Trump’s larger campaign to paint stand, that’s why I asked to
U.S. and Russia should ratchet Kislyak appealed to the instincts diplomacy, throwing lavish din- the bureau’s Russia inquiry — not enemies, he said, and both
countries needed to focus on a speak,” Mr. Engel said. “Of course
down tensions” after the United of Mr. Flynn, a former general ner parties at his mansion near later run by the special counsel, I care deeply about what’s hap-
States punished Russia for its who had spent years in Afghani- the White House and making Robert S. Mueller III — as a common threat — terrorism.
“We have to take these ene- pening in this country, that’s what
election interference, said Marc stan and Iraq consumed with a frequent appearances at think “witch hunt” devised to discredit
mies on that we have,” Mr. Flynn I wanted to convey. I love the
Polymeropoulos, who once over- singular mission — hunting and tanks to defend Russia’s adven- the president’s 2016 election
saw the C.I.A.’s clandestine oper- turous foreign policy. With a said. “And we definitely have a Bronx, grew up in the Bronx and
killing militant suspects and victory and hurt his chances of
ations in Europe and Eurasia. trying to dismantle terrorist background in arms control being re-elected. common enemy. You have a lived here all my life. I would not
For a former head of an intelli- networks. negotiations, Mr. Kislyak was a Mr. Trump’s dismissal of Rus- problem with it, we have a prob- have tried to impose on the bor-
gence agency, he said, Mr. Flynn During one call, Mr. Kislyak savvy operator who had spent sia’s intervention in 2016 to help lem with it in this country and ough president if I didn’t think it
“showed a stunning lack of coun- said he was puzzled by the years as Mr. Putin’s trusted man get him elected has been a leit- we definitely have a problem was important.”
terintelligence savvy or sophis- Obama administration’s decision in Washington. motif of his administration, even with it in the Middle East.”
tication in dealing with an adver- to punish Russia’s leading spy At the time of the calls, Mr. in the face of a mountain of evi- In the future national security
sary” that, Mr. Polymeropoulos services for their involvement in Flynn and other Trump cam- dence unearthed by American adviser, the Russian ambassador Corrections
said, is “never to be trusted and the election interference. Earlier paign advisers were being inves- intelligence and law enforcement had found a sympathetic ear.
who operates under the concept that day, Mr. Obama had an- tigated by the F.B.I. for their agencies of a campaign to hack “General, I completely agree
TRACKING AN OUTBREAK
of a ‘zero sum game.’ ” nounced penalties against Rus- contacts with Russian officials. and leak Democratic emails, with you,” he said.
An article on Friday about Prime
Minister Mark Rutte of the
Netherlands misstated the date

Reversal on Flynn Charges Reverberates in Ex-Associate’s Case that the Netherlands imposed a
lockdown, It was March 15, not
March 20.
By ADAM GOLDMAN Committee, said on Tuesday that Prosecutors accused the two
he and other panel members men of seeking to conceal that BUSINESS
WASHINGTON — Lawyers for
would file their own brief in the Turkish government officials An article on May 25 about the
a former business partner of Pres-
ident Trump’s ex-national securi- Flynn case, accusing Mr. Barr of were directing the project, saying Bugatti Chiron misspelled a make
ty adviser Michael T. Flynn have improperly interfering on Mr. that they approved the budget of car. It is a McLaren, not a Mc-
asked the Justice Department to Trump’s behalf. and Mr. Alptekin regularly updat- Claren.
abandon an appeal of his acquittal Mr. Nadler also said he would ed them. The men paid Mr. Flynn’s
on charges of illegal foreign lobby- use Congress’s spending power to firm, Flynn Intel Group, $530,000 OBITUARIES
ing, saying the investigation was try to cut funding for many of Mr. for work on the effort. An obituary on Saturday about
intertwined with the prosecution Barr’s pet initiatives, a threat that Prosecutors begin examining the Jamaican record producer
of Mr. Flynn that the department may move the attorney general whether Mr. Flynn was working
Bobby Digital misstated at one
is seeking to drop. more than a subpoena but could as a lobbyist for Turkey after he
point part of the name of a per-
The request by the lawyers for be hard to deliver on. Mr. Nadler wrote an op-ed article for the Hill
also said his committee would newspaper on Election Day 2016 former he worked with. As the
Mr. Flynn’s former business asso- obituary correctly noted else-
ciate, Bijan Kian, who also goes by hear testimony from Justice De- attacking Mr. Gulen as a “radical
partment whistle-blowers and Islamist” and a “shady Islamic where, he is Bounty Killer, not
the name Bijan Rafiekian, is the
latest fallout from Attorney Gen- other former officials. He did not mullah.” Americans who work to Bounty Hunter.
eral William P. Barr’s move last name them. influence the government on be-
An obituary on Sunday about the
month to withdraw a charge of ly- Mr. Flynn was a central figure half of foreign governments are
JACQUELYN MARTIN/ASSOCIATED PRESS
required to disclose their work to wheelchair athlete Margaret
ing to investigators against Mr. in the prosecution of Mr. Kian. A
jury convicted Mr. Kian of secretly The Justice Department’s case against Bijan Kian, who also goes the Justice Department, and Mr. Maughan misspelled the surname
Flynn after a public campaign by
Mr. Trump and his allies. Former lobbying on behalf of Turkey last by Bijan Rafiekian, was to rely on testimony by Michael T. Flynn. Flynn had not. of the neurologist who is consid-
law enforcement officials have year, but a judge threw out the Mr. Kian was convicted after a ered the father of the Paralympic
condemned Mr. Barr’s effort, case, saying prosecutors failed to signed Mr. Jensen, the top federal Though the government’s mo- short trial, but a judge later threw movement. He was Ludwig
which a judge is now scrutinizing, present enough evidence to sus- prosecutor in St. Louis, to review tion to drop the Flynn case does out the charges, saying in a Guttmann, not Guttman.
as further politicizing the tradi- tain their charges. Prosecutors the matter. not mention his lies about his lengthy opinion that prosecutors
appealed the judge’s ruling, say- provided “no evidence that the op- An obituary on Monday about the
tionally independent Justice De- Mr. Jensen recommended the work for Turkey, Mr. Kian’s law-
ing it was riddled with legal er- ed had been requested by the former congressman Sam John-
partment. charge be dropped after finding yers said the cases were insepara-
In a letter to Jeffrey B. Jensen, rors. Turkish government.” son, using information from his
documents and other evidence ble. They also suggested that Mr.
the federal prosecutor appointed As he pleaded guilty to lying to that the Justice Department said Trump’s influence contributed to In their letter on May 22 to Mr. family, misstated the year he
to review the Flynn case, Mr. the F.B.I. about his conversations showed that the F.B.I. lacked suffi- Mr. Barr’s decision to withdraw Jensen, Mr. Kian’s lawyers railed received a master’s degree from
Kian’s lawyers argued that be- with a Russian diplomat, Mr. cient reason to question Mr. Flynn the charge against Mr. Flynn. at the government’s decision to the Elliott School of International
cause of his findings, the prosecu- Flynn also admitted that he had about his calls with Mr. Kislyak. In “Political notoriety and the af- move forward after Mr. Flynn was Affairs at George Washington
tion of their client “rests on far violated foreign lobbying laws determining that Mr. Flynn’s lies fection of the president must not dropped as a witness. University. It was 1974, not 1976.
more doubtful grounds.” while working with Mr. Kian, were not material to an ongoing influence — much less play the “This bizarre sequence of
“If the same analysis that though prosecutors agreed not to counterintelligence investigation dispositive role in — how the De- events makes clear that the pros- A picture caption with an obituary
yielded these conclusions with re- pursue those charges in their plea into Russia’s interference in the partment of Justice makes deci- ecution and purported coopera- on Monday about the artist
gard to Flynn is applied to the gov- agreement with Mr. Flynn. 2016 election, the department re- sions that go to the heart of the tion of Flynn as the sole and origi- Christo misstated the year that
ernment’s approach” to Mr. Kian, As part of that deal, Mr. Flynn versed its position of two years on principles of federal criminal nal source of the decision to the photo of him at the site of his
“there can be little doubt that a agreed to testify against Mr. Kian. the matter. prosecution,” they wrote. charge Bijan Rafiekian was im- work “The Floating Piers,” on
substantially similar conclusion But then Mr. Flynn abruptly In their motion to drop the case The lawyers added: “The pros- properly managed and fatally Lake Iseo in Italy, was taken. It
must be reached,” the lawyers changed his story on the eve of Mr. against Mr. Flynn, prosecutors ar- ecution of Rafiekian is a direct flawed,” they wrote. was 2015, not 2016.
wrote last month, according to a Kian’s trial, blaming his previous gued that the “frail and shifting consequence of the government Mr. Kian’s lawyers also said that
copy of the letter obtained by The lawyers for filing inaccurate for- justifications for its ongoing probe misconduct uncovered in your re- prosecutors should have provided Errors are corrected during the press
New York Times. eign lobbying disclosure forms of Mr. Flynn, as well as the irregu- view of Flynn’s guilty plea.” classified information that they run whenever possible, so some errors
A spokesman for prosecutors in without his knowledge. The move lar procedure that preceded his in- Mr. Kian was charged in 2018 said they had about Mr. Flynn’s noted here may not have appeared in
Northern Virginia, where Mr. was a blow to the prosecution’s terview, suggests that the F.B.I. with conspiracy to violate lobby- communications with Mr. all editions.
Kian was tried, declined to com- case. was eager to interview Mr. Flynn ing laws and failure to register as Alptekin and that keeping it from
ment. A Justice Department The about-face was part of Mr. irrespective of any underlying in- a foreign agent. He was indicted, the defense was unfair to Mr.
spokeswoman did not immedi- Flynn’s broader reversal. He vestigation.” along with another man, Ekim Kian. Contact the Newsroom
ately respond to a request for moved to withdraw his guilty plea Mr. Kian’s lawyers seized on Alptekin, a Turkish-Dutch busi- “The prosecutors tried to use nytnews@nytimes.com or call
comment. this year, claiming he never lied to that reasoning to suggest that his nessman, as part of a federal in- this apparently exculpatory evi- 1-844-NYT-NEWS (1-844-698-6397).
Representative Jerrold Nadler, the F.B.I. about several calls with prosecution was also misguided. vestigation into Turkey’s secret dence against Rafiekian by mak- Editorials
Democrat of New York and the Sergey I. Kislyak, who was then They called it “the direct progeny 2016 lobbying campaign to pres- ing the blanket assertion that the letters@nytimes.com
chairman of the House Judiciary the Russian ambassador to the of the investigation and charging sure the United States to expel undisclosed facts — known only to
United States, and that he simply of Flynn — a process that has now Fethullah Gulen, a rival of Presi- the government — would further Newspaper Delivery
Nicholas Fandos contributed re- did not recall what he said during been exposed as fundamentally dent Recep Tayyip Erdogan of inculpate the defendant,” they customercare@nytimes.com or call
porting. the conversations. Mr. Barr as- corrupt.” Turkey. wrote. 1-800-NYTIMES (1-800-698-4637).
 THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A29

Election

Voters in Shaken Cities Navigate Long Lines and Curfews Republicans

By REID J. EPSTEIN
and NICK CORASANITI ONLINE: POLITICS
“We had a voter every 10 min-
utes or so,” said Mr. Wahls, who
Seeking Site
killed the time by reading “The
To Relocate
WASHINGTON — On the big- For full election results from
gest day of voting since the coro- the primary contests in eight Jungle” by Upton Sinclair. “It was
navirus disrupted public life, states and Washington, D.C., visit very slow.”
In Montana, where both parties
Convention
Americans cast ballots in extraor- nytimes.com.
dinary circumstances on Tuesday, have competitive primaries for
heading to the polls during a na- governor, more than 57 percent of
tional health and economic crisis registered voters had returned
and amid the widespread protests The most prominent down-bal- mail ballots by Tuesday, the high-
lot race on Tuesday involved Rep- est turnout of any 2020 state pri-
and police deployments that have
disrupted communities across the resentative Steve King of Iowa. mary, according to the Vote at Threat to Pull Event
Ostracized by his party after giv- Home Institute, which promotes
nation.
It made for some unusual ing an interview questioning why voting by mail. From North Carolina
white supremacy was considered All 56 Montana counties chose
scenes in this most unusual elec-
offensive, Mr. King, a nine-term to conduct the primary entirely by By ANNIE KARNI
tion season.
Republican, faced the toughest mail after Gov. Steve Bullock, who President Trump said on Tues-
In the nation’s capital, for in-
primary of his career. is himself on the ballot in a lightly day night that Republicans were
stance, polling places are open un-
Elsewhere, Valerie Plame, the contested Democratic primary for now “forced to seek” an alterna-
til 8 p.m., while the citywide cur-
former C.I.A. agent outed in what CHARLIE NEIBERGALL/ASSOCIATED PRESS the Senate, allowed counties to do tive to Charlotte, N.C., to host the
few in place begins at 7 p.m. (The
police did not anticipate arresting
became one of the biggest scan- Representative Steve King of Iowa, who was disowned by Re- so. party’s nominating convention in
dals of the George W. Bush admin- publicans for defending white nationalism, faced a hard primary. The night’s most prominent August, the latest escalation of a
voters who broke the curfew). istration, was seeking the Demo- contest involved Mr. King, who feud that has pitted Mr. Trump
In Philadelphia, 70 percent of cratic nomination for a House seat had long been among the most ag-
polling places were closed while minutes to two hours at Finley Some states with primaries on and the Republican National Com-
in New Mexico. Iowa Democrats gressive opponents of illegal im- mittee against Democratic offi-
the authorities banned vehicle were choosing a nominee to face Recreation Center and Anna B. Tuesday saw surges in turnout as migration in Congress and was
traffic and shut down public trans- Day School in the East Mount Airy tens of thousands of voters cast cials in the state that had long
Senator Joni Ernst in the fall. And once photographed with a Confed- planned to host the event.
portation in Center City, the down- Republicans in an open Indiana neighborhood of Philadelphia. ballots from home for the first erate flag on his desk. He was fi-
town area, because of the unrest, And counties across Pennsylva- time. Party officials are planning a
House district sold themselves as nally disowned by his fellow Re- visit to Nashville this week. Other
meaning the only ways to get to Trump allies in a seat Democrats nia were swamped by a surge in In Iowa, more than 223,000 publicans after he made his com-
polling sites were by foot or by bi- absentee ballot requests. On Mon- Democrats had returned absen- cities under consideration, ac-
hope to flip in November. ments about white nationalism in cording to a Republican official fa-
cycle. The impact of current events day night, Gov. Tom Wolf ordered tee ballots for the state’s Senate a New York Times interview last
And in Indianapolis, where 90 six counties to keep counting bal- primary by Tuesday, according to miliar with the plans, are Las Ve-
was evident in Philadelphia, year. House Minority Leader Kev- gas, Orlando and Jacksonville, as
percent of polling locations were where voters were confronted lots that arrived after Election Paul Pate, the secretary of state. in McCarthy stripped Mr. King of
closed, voters faced long lines out- Day for up to seven days, as long Just over 176,000 Democrats well as sites in Georgia.
with the dual realities of going to his committee assignments, leav-
doors in 90-degree heat to vote in as they were postmarked by 8 voted in the state’s 2018 primary On Twitter, Mr. Trump blamed
the polls in a city shaken by con- ing him with little power to influ-
the remaining spots. p.m., a ruling that could be chal- for governor. Gov. Roy Cooper, a Democrat, for
frontations between police and ence legislation.
The voting also came amid a lenged in court. In Johnson County, which in- the change of plans. Mr. Cooper
protesters. Activists were also Tuesday’s contest represented
sustained assault on the electoral Voting by mail was also an issue cludes the University of Iowa, has been insisting on safety and
concerned about the presence of the toughest challenge of Mr.
system by President Trump, who in Indiana, where the state’s rapid more people voted by mail in crowd size restrictions inside the
police officers and National Guard King’s career. Randy Feenstra, a
has falsely attacked mail voting as expansion of that process brought Tuesday’s election than had voted Spectrum Center, while Mr.
members near polling places, state senator who has the support
biased toward Democrats, threat- confusion and frustration, partic- absentee in any contest ever, ac- Trump and Republican officials
which they said might intimidate of Iowa’s Republican political es-
ened to withhold federal re- ularly in Indianapolis. The city cording to John Deeth, a county have been pushing for a large
some voters. tablishment, raised three times as
sources from states that mailed had set a deadline of noon Tues- elections official. gathering with the look and feel of
“We are seeing and feeling the much as did Mr. King.
ballots to voters and suggested in day to return mail-in ballots, yet a pre-coronavirus political rally.
effects of the police response to Very few people in Iowa turned Three other Republicans were
general, with no evidence, the polls for in-person voting were The convention was originally set
the protests over the last few out to vote in person Tuesday. By 2 on the ballot in Iowa’s Fourth Dis-
Democrats are looking to rig the open until 6 p.m. to bring 19,000 delegates and al-
days,” said Suzanne Almeida, in- p.m., just 56 people had voted at trict, which covers the northwest
election. ternates, as well as other visitors,
terim executive director of Com- Republicans in Indiana’s Fifth the Coralville Public Library, ac- quadrant of the state. The to Charlotte.
Voters in eight states and Wash- mon Cause Pennsylvania. She Congressional District, which in- cording to Zach Wahls, a Demo- crowded field could benefit Mr.
ington, D.C., were choosing nomi- “Cooper is still in Shelter-In-
cited the city convention center, cludes the northern swath of Indi- cratic state senator who helped King; if no candidate receives at
Place Mode,” Mr. Trump tweeted,
nees for congressional and local where 18 polling locations had anapolis and counties to the north, organize young people to work at least 35 percent of the vote, the
“and not allowing us to occupy the
offices while casting perfunctory been condensed into one, as hav- were choosing among 14 candi- polling sites so the state’s usual nomination will be decided by lo-
arena as originally anticipated
primary ballots in the presidential ing a significant presence of Na- dates to replace Representative crop of older poll workers could be cal party activists at a district con-
and promised.” He said that be-
contest, which has long been set tional Guard troops, “which is ob- Susan Brooks, who is retiring. spared the risks of the pandemic. vention, terrain likely to be more
cause of Mr. Cooper, “we are now
between Mr. Trump and former viously a deterrent to voters.” Democrats believe the seat will be During the 2018 primary, 287 peo- hospitable to Mr. King’s grass-
forced to seek another State to
Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. Voters reported wait times of 90 competitive in November. ple voted in person at the library. roots politics.
host the 2020 Republican National
Convention.”
Earlier in the day, Mr. Cooper

In Pennsylvania Primary, Parties See a ‘Dry Run’ for November had implicitly criticized Mr.
Trump for staging a photo-op in
front of St. John’s Church in Wash-
ington, and for having the authori-
By NICK CORASANITI turnout. ties use tear gas to disrupt peace-
Every weekend since Gov. Tom “A lot of Republicans just don’t ful protests outside the White
Wolf of Pennsylvania issued a like the idea of mail-in ballots be- House to clear the path for his
statewide stay-at-home order, on cause of the opportunity for voter walk there.
April 1, millions of cellphones fraud,” said Dave Majernik, the “Right now, we need leaders of
across the commonwealth have vice chairman of the Allegheny strength who can hear every-
buzzed with text messages from County Republicans. “So some of body,” the governor said.
the state Democrats, checking on them are just deliberately not us- Mr. Trump and top Republican
the status of voters’ mail-in bal- ing them and are going to show up officials had already been dis-
lots. at the polls for that reason.” cussing alternative sites to Char-
During that period, state Re- The president’s opposition to lotte after reaching a stalemate
publicans called two million vote-by-mail has also put the state with officials there about safety
phones around the state to try to party in an awkward position of precautions that attendees would
mobilize support, and the Republi- advocating the process in Penn- have to take, including a require-
can National Committee sent ap- sylvania yet denouncing it nation- ment to wear face masks and to
plications for mail-in ballots to wide. On Facebook, the party practice social distancing.
thousands of targeted voters boasts of forcing the state to With virus cases growing in
there. “adopt safeguards” after “more North Carolina, Mr. Cooper wrote
With Pennsylvania holding an and more Democrats signed up,” a letter to Republican officials on
important primary election on and asking voters to oppose “Pelo- Tuesday saying that “the people of
Tuesday, both parties are also si’s national mail-in ballot.” North Carolina do not know what
treating it as their biggest chance The Facebook post then directs the status of Covid-19 will be in Au-
to stage a statewide “dry run” for users to the state party’s website, gust, so planning for a scaled-
organizing and voting before the which is dedicated to helping vot- down convention with fewer peo-
November presidential vote in ers through the absentee ballot ple, social distancing and face cov-
one of the nation’s more crucial system. When the link is shared erings is a necessity.”
battleground states. on social media, a graphic about Ronna McDaniel, the chair-
The parties are in new territory the “all new 2020 mail-in ballot” woman of the R.N.C., earlier in the
this election season — not only be- MARK MAKELA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES also says “Trump Backed. PAGOP day escalated the feud with state
cause of Covid-19 and the protests Above, a polling site in Phila- Backed.” officials, putting the state on no-
over George Floyd’s death, includ- The same graphic appears on tice that there was a strong possi-
ing in Philadelphia and Pitts- delphia on Tuesday. Millions of bility of moving the event.
the website, but without the
burgh, but also because of a new Pennsylvania residents re- “Trump Backed. PAGOP Backed” “We have an obligation to our
law mandating that anyone who quested mail-in ballots, left, language. delegates and nominee to begin
votes by mail in the primary will leaving parties racing to test The Republican effort in Penn- visiting the multiple cities and
be sent a ballot for the November new voter mobilization efforts sylvania is also testing out some of states who have reached out in re-
election. Party officials and affili- in the battleground state. the new members of the Trump cent days about hosting an his-
ate groups are racing to ramp up Victory Leadership Initiative Fel- toric event to show that America
and test their voter mobilization lowship program, a team of volun- is open for business,” Ms. McDan-
efforts, given that the race be- come and minority voters — key iel wrote in a letter to Mr. Cooper.
blocs of support that traditionally teers who are run through a train-
tween President Trump and Jo- ing program before being placed The back-and-forth over where
seph R. Biden Jr. this fall is likely don’t vote by mail. According to to hold the convention has been
Common Cause, a nonpartisan into various field duties. The
to involve obstacles wrought by R.N.C. also has more than 60 staff caught up in the partisan battle
the coronavirus. public interest group, during the between Democrats and Republi-
initial surge in interest in mail-in members on the ground in the
“We do feel strongly that it is a state. cans about when to fully reopen
dry run for us to figure out some of ballots, 91 percent of requests the country, and how, and how
were from white voters, and just Though the focus has been pre-
the pressure points and be able to much caution to exercise as the
under 6 percent were from black dominantly on absentee and vote-
address them going into Novem- country struggles to regain nor-
voters. by-mail operations, some outside
ber,” said Sinceré Harris, the exec- malcy amid the pandemic. While
MATT SLOCUM/ASSOCIATED PRESS
The closing and consolidation of groups are transitioning to a
utive director of the Pennsylvania Democratic officials have taken a
polling locations are also more scaled-down version of a more tra-
Democratic Party. “We are defi- longer voting lines. Every munici- “ballot chase” program. Using the more measured approach to hold-
likely to affect voters in predomi- ditional get-out-the-vote opera-
nitely dealing in anything but the pality outside Philadelphia and state party’s voter file, volunteers ing their own convention, citing
norm right now, but at least, when nantly minority neighborhoods. tion.
Pittsburgh has only one open from around the country are able the uncertainty caused by the vi-
it comes to Covid-19, we’re looking For example, in Penn Hills, a com- “For the folks that don’t feel rus, Republicans have largely
polling location, and the locations to login and call or text voters in comfortable voting by mail, now
at a situation where similar chal- in the two major cities have been Pennsylvania asking if they’ve re- munity on the outskirts of Pitts- lined up behind Mr. Trump’s de-
lenges could come during Novem- burgh that has a large black popu- we’re focused on how can we now sire for a boisterous event that can
condensed. quested a ballot. An app with a call educate them about where the poll
ber.” In Bucks County, a swing subur- script provides volunteers with lation, more than 50 polling loca- serve as a celebration of his bid for
One of the biggest problems for tions are being consolidated into site is, and know that every a second term.
ban county near Philadelphia that responses based on how far along
both sides is that the state election one location. worker there should have the The latest stalemate came after
Hillary Clinton carried by less a voter is in the absentee process.
system is cracking under the The online ballot application P.P.E. that’s required,” said Ivan Ms. McDaniel and Marcia Lee
than 3,000 votes in 2016, the For the past week and a half, the
stress of an enormous expansion form is also available only in Eng- Garcia, the civic engagement di- Kelly, the president of the conven-
county Democrats transitioned state Democratic effort has fo-
of vote-by-mail in a very short lish. rector for Make the Road Pennsyl- tion committee, had given Mr.
their effort to knock on 300,000 cused on contacting voters who
amount of time. More than 1.8 mil- To try to expand vote-by-mail in vania, an advocacy group for im- Cooper a June 3 deadline to ap-
doors into a blitz of phone calls had already requested a mail-in
lion people have requested absen- and text messages. They now ballot but had not yet returned it lower-income communities, the migrants. prove safety measures to prevent
tee ballots, compared with just have a big absentee ballot advan- and letting them know their re- state Democratic Party has tested Mr. Garcia is also aiming to find the spread of the virus during the
over 100,000 from four years ago, tage: As of Monday, 72,061 Demo- maining options for returning the a program in Philadelphia for the a silver lining in the consolidated event.
and counties are struggling to crats had applied for the mail-in ballots. primary, training ward leaders on polling locations and potentially Ms. McDaniel and Ms. Kelly
keep up. Voters have been calling ballots, compared with 29,475 Re- The overall Democratic effort new texting and calling software long lines on Tuesday. Using the had at one point acknowledged
party hotlines and writing on so- publicans, according to the secre- on vote-by-mail in Pennsylvania and bringing them into the mail-in group’s separate advertising arm, that a safe convention would need
cial media that they haven’t re- tary of state. has led to a significant advantage ballot organizing effort. Since the Mr. Garcia is paying to target vot- to be scaled back to protect the
ceived their ballots weeks after “I can only remember the last for the party. Of the 1.8 million ab- party began the program, partici- ers’ phones, or “geofence” them, health of its attendees. But in his
applying. two cycles where the Democrats sentee ballots requested, 70 per- pation among African-Americans at polling locations in Philadel- letter Tuesday, Mr. Cooper indi-
In Montgomery County, a popu- actually turned in more absentees cent were from Democrats, ac- has jumped to 11 percent in ballot phia, Lehigh and Berks Counties cated that the two parties in-
lous suburban area outside Phila- than the Republicans, and it was cording to the secretary of state’s requests, Ms. Harris said. and serve digital ads to those who volved were no longer in agree-
delphia, 2,000 incorrect ballots not by much,” said John Cordisco, office. While Pennsylvania turn- “They’re an integral part of the are near polling centers. ment about working toward a
were sent to voters of the opposite the Democratic Party chair in out in the general election in 2016 Democratic machines in the city,” “People will go to vote, they’ll scaled-back event.
party. Bucks County. He added that vir- topped six million, the huge ballot she said. get frustrated and see how frus- Mr. Cooper made it clear that he
In Philadelphia, the election of- tual organizing had helped the advantage is buoying the hopes of Republicans, too, are facing trating it is to vote in person, and was not going to guarantee he
fices have been closed because of county party conserve resources Democrats in a state that Mr. their own problems of absentee then we’ll send them digital ads could deliver the convention on
the virus. The phone line to the for November. “We’re literally Trump won by less than 45,000 ballot mistrust. With the president where they can now request their the terms they demanded.
county elections office leads to a saving $400,000 to $500,000 by votes. constantly railing against vote- ballot to vote by mail for the gen- “Neither public health officials
recording, with no general voice not having to do the volunteers’ But despite that advantage for by-mail, some local officials are eral election in November,” Mr. nor I will risk the health and
mail or ability to reach a human door knocking.” the primary, Democrats across wondering about the effect on ab- Garcia said. “We want to do it safety of North Carolinians by
with an election problem. A central part of the Democratic the state are increasingly anxious sentee voting, though they remain while voting is still fresh in their providing the guarantee you
Officials are also bracing for effort has been what’s known as a about their ability to reach low-in- confident it won’t affect overall mind.” seek,” Mr. Cooper wrote Tuesday.
A30 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

EDITORIAL LETTERS

In America, Protest Is Patriotic Trump’s Threats, and a Church Photo Op

TO THE EDITOR:
Re “Trump Threatens to Send
empower a backlash that is anti-
thetical to advancing the cause of
When George Floyd died under the knee of a Minneapolis
Troops Into States; President racial equality. I am not sure what
police officer, the scourge of police violence, festering for
Deploys the Police for a Photo Op” national leader, if any, will emerge
generations, became a rallying point for Americans yearn- (front page, June 2): to meet this moment of need. What
ing for the fulfillment of this country’s founding aspiration to Does God feel outrage? If so, I am sure of is that it will not be
promote life, liberty and happiness. surely the divine blood was boiling President Donald J. Trump.
Yet as they turned out to exercise their most basic at the sight of Donald Trump — KEN DEROW, SWARTHMORE, PA.
rights as citizens, these Americans have often encountered having mobilized a phalanx of riot
only more contempt for those rights from the people who police with tear gas to clear away
the peaceable protesters in his TO THE EDITOR:
are supposed to protect them. path — waving a prop Bible for the Much will be written about the
Some protesters crossed the line into violence. Some cameras in front of his neighbor- president’s response in this time of
people took advantage of the chaos to loot. But all too often, hood church. crisis, but for me the line “For
facing peaceful demonstrations against police violence, the One can only hope that the politi- days, aides had debated sending
police responded with more violence — against protesters, cally conservative evangelicals to the president out for a formal
journalists and bystanders. whom he is pandering will see address” speaks volumes. I cannot
clearly what he was doing: cra- imagine being a leader in this
In a handful of cities, local leaders recognized what was venly co-opting the sacred for crisis and not feeling an urgent
at stake, and their response can point the way forward for personal gain. If that isn’t sin, what need to speak at length to the
the country. In Houston, the police chief, Art Acevedo, told is? people I lead. The impetus would
protesters: “We will march as a department with everybody (REV.) SCOTT THOMAS, BUFFALO be anger at what happened to
in this community. I will march until I can’t stand no more. George Floyd, yes, but also con-
The writer is a retired minister of the cern for the safety and welfare of
But I will not allow anyone to tear down this city.” United Church of Christ. all, including protesters.
He had the sense to recognize that a vast majority of
I would desperately want to let
demonstrators wanted what he wanted, a better city. And he TO THE EDITOR: the protesters know that they were
clearly saw that the responsibility of the police was not to On Monday, a full week after being heard and that I support
abridge but to safeguard the First Amendment, which pro- George Floyd was killed by a Min- their constitutional right to peace-
tects freedom of speech, assembly, the press and religion. neapolis police officer, President ful protest. I would also feel driven
In many places, the country is experiencing a commu- Trump spoke to the nation after to reassure all Americans that they
VICTOR J. BLUE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
days of increasingly violent and have a calm, strong leader who
nal breakdown so complete that mayors have thrown up
destructive civil unrest. His brief knows how to step up and deal
their hands and ordered curfews or called in the National with this upheaval. What I would
have singled out those who spoke up, wading into crowds of address was remarkable, both in
Guard. Unable to maintain urban life, they have tried to sus- what he said and what he did not not tolerate would be aides deter-
protesters and silencing the loudest voices.
pend it, just as they had done in response to the spread of choose to say. In typical Trump mining whether or not I should be
In Charleston, S.C., a black man dropped to one knee
the coronavirus. style, the speech was full of bom- sent out to speak to the people. No
and told the police, “All of you are my family.” The police ar- bast and threats fashioned to dem- real leader would.
Healing the wounds ripped open in recent days and
rested him. onstrate his strength and his dis-
months will not be easy. The pandemic has made Americans (REV.) ANNE-MARIE HISLOP
In Kansas City, Mo., a black man shouted from a crowd dain and disgust for the demon-
fearful of their neighbors, cut them off from their communi- CHICAGO
of protesters, “If you ain’t got the balls to protect the streets strators.
ties of faith, shut their outlets for exercise and recreation What was even more remark- The writer is a Presbyterian minister.
and protect and serve like you were paid to do, turn in your
and culture and learning. Worst of all, it has separated able was that Mr. Trump did not
damned badge.” The police arrested him.
Americans from their own livelihoods. offer one word, not one iota, of TO THE EDITOR:
In scores of incidents across the country, police officers compassion or empathy. He
Fear of the police has further separated communities President Trump was elected using
also have deliberately attacked journalists reporting on the showed that he does not have a
from those sworn to protect their rights. some clever sound bites. But it
protests. Minneapolis police arrested a CNN crew on live clue as to the underlying root should be clear to all that these
President Trump, who tends to see only political oppor- drivers of the rage exemplified by
television. Video captured Louisville police firing pepper were a fraud, as is the president.
tunity in public fear and anger, is in his customary manner these acts of civil disobedience and
bullets at a local TV crew. The Manhattan district attorney’s With riots in the streets, curfews in
contributing heat rather than light to lawlessness.
office is investigating the alleged assault of a Wall Street major cities across the nation, over
The police are the confrontations between protesters Yes, these acts of violence and 100,000 Americans dead from a
and authority. In the absence of national Journal reporter by the police. Protesters, for their part, destruction must stop. While they
supposed to have also targeted reporters, including a Fox News crew
pandemic and black men still being
leadership, it is all the more vital that dramatically raise our national
protect the killed by the police, it seems like a
outside the White House. consciousness toward racial injus-
freedoms of mayors and governors affirm the rules stretch when the president says
In a brazen display of this administration’s disregard tice, they also anger people and
assembly and that ought to govern American society. “Only I can fix it” and “Make
The nation is founded on the freedom of for the First Amendment, the nation’s chief law enforcement America Great Again.”
expression, not Is this what making America
suppress them. speech — and particularly the right to officer, Attorney General William Barr, ordered federal offi-
cers to clear a peaceful protest in front of the White House. great looks like? Sadly, we now
gather in protest against the govern- Christo’s ‘Pure’ Art know the answer to his ominous
ment. Politicians must hold the police accountable for pro- The police used tear gas, rubber bullets and riot shields to
TO THE EDITOR: question: “What do you have to
tecting the rights of everyone they are sworn to protect and drive away protesters, journalists and priests standing on lose?”
the private porch of St. John’s Church, all so Mr. Trump Re “Christo, 1935-2020: An Artist
serve. Who Saw Streets and Mountains STUART FISHMAN, OAKLAND, CALIF.
In the same vein, city and state leaders should pursue could pose for photos. The photo op managed to take aim at
as His Canvas” (front page, June
the reopening of houses of worship in consultation with pub- the freedom of assembly, speech and religion all at the same 1):
lic health authorities. Particularly in this agonizing time, time. I hope that Christo’s notions of
many Americans want to turn to their communities of faith On Tuesday, the Trump administration sent more “pure beauty” continue to uplift Don’t Blame Medical Errors
troops into the streets of Washington. Armored vehicles pa- long after his death.
for support. And religious leaders have often been at the I met Christo and his wife and TO THE EDITOR:
forefront of nonviolent social change. trolled downtown. Helicopters buzzed overhead. Soldiers
collaborator, Jeanne-Claude, in Re “Medical Errors During the
The chaos unleashed by the death of Mr. Floyd defies trained for war in foreign countries stood on the corners of 1990 while I was attending Yale. A Coronavirus Crisis” (Sunday Re-
simple prescriptions; it is a result of too many underlying American streets, hands on guns. student had written to them to ask view, May 24):
conditions. Authorities are facing a stern test: It can be all Americans aren’t holding their breath for the president them to “wrap” a Yale building. Danielle Ofri writes that “more
but impossible to police the boundaries of legitimate protest, to change his incendiary behavior. But city leaders and gov- They said that they did not take lives might have actually been
ernors have plenty of room to act in the meantime. commissions but that they would saved in the long run if staff mem-
particularly on the ground. And it must be painful for many be happy to come to campus to
There are signs some leaders recognize the damage bers were better trained.” I dis-
police officers who put their lives on the line to hear them- give a slide show and talk about agree. At my hospital, redeployed
selves criticized by their fellow citizens. that has been done. In Richmond, Va., where the police their work. health care workers had back-
Yet the testimony of local journalism, eyewitnesses and gassed peaceful demonstrators on Monday evening, the He showed slides of the Bis- ground training in medicine and
videos posted online make clear that too many police offi- mayor, Levar Stoney, apologized Tuesday and promised to cayne Bay “Surrounded Islands,” intensive care (as a cardiologist, I
cers have little interest in protecting legitimate protest. join a march. The chief of police, William Smith, took a knee the California “Running Fence” was redeployed to an emergency
in a show of contrition and solidarity. and drawings of the Central Park room) and redeployed surgical
While some officers have joined protests or knelt in solidari- “Gates,” not yet produced. His
ty, others, often in the same cities, have acted savagely, incit- The governor of Minnesota, Tim Walz, apologized to the subspecialists such as orthopedists
innocence and purity made it clear were under direct supervision by
ing or exacerbating violence. CNN reporters arrested in Minneapolis, and then took a mo- why so many people volunteered
critical care physicians.
Just a few weeks ago, the police demonstrated remark- ment to dilate on the importance of a free press. to help him create his art.
Moreover, the medical care of
able forbearance as heavily armed groups turned out in sev- “The protection and security and safety of the journal- One of the things he said was
that after the Biscayne Bay islands the majority of coronavirus pa-
eral state capitals to oppose coronavirus-related public ists covering this is a top priority, not because it is a nice tients is straightforward, support-
were wrapped, he buried the neon-
heath measures. Now the police are demonstrating an thing to do, because it is a key component of how we fix pink fabric in a location no one ive and algorithmic, despite the
equally remarkable intolerance to protests against their this,” Mr. Walz said. “Sunshine, disinfectant and seeing would know, so fragments of the mysteries of the disease mecha-
own behavior. what’s happening has to be done.” cloth could not be sold commer- nism. The progressive infectious
On Tuesday, Mr. Walz ordered a civil rights investiga- cially. He arranged that the and inflammatory process is what
The police have imposed arbitrary limits on protests,
airspace above the islands could kills patients, not medical errors.
creating excuses for confrontation. They have fired count- tion into the “systemic racism” of the Minneapolis Police As was demonstrated by a Co-
not be used when the cloth encir-
less rounds of tear gas and rubber bullets into unarmed Department. It is not enough, right now, for officials to focus lumbia University study, tens of
cled them.
crowds, sometimes without warning. They have attacked on protecting private property. It is not enough even for In that way he controlled the thousands of lives would have been
with fists, truncheons, shields — and cars. them to think only of protecting life, though that is critical. photos of the work and preserved saved with improved leadership
They have behaved as if determined to prevent peace- They need to also protect the freedoms of assembly and ex- its pristine temporality. and more timely implementation of
ful protest by introducing violence. pression, and then, like Mr. Walz, to hear what’s being said. social distancing measures.
EMILY JAYNE DUCKWORTH
In some of the most troubling attacks, police officers That’s where the healing may begin. WATERTOWN, MASS. GEOFFREY RUBIN, NEW YORK

THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN

America, We Break It, It’s Gone

ON NOV. 9, 2016, the morning after our last just and lasting peace among ourselves Will they save us from the toxic waste they “All of us C.E.O.s have large African- partners to drive a culture shift in predom-
presidential election, my column began by and with all nations.” now circulate? Certainly not Facebook’s American employee bodies,” he said. “We inantly black North Minneapolis to end
recalling words from an immigrant, my Instead, we have Donald Trump, a man Mark Zuckerberg, who is clearly the Ru- owe it to them to make sure we’re speak- multigenerational poverty through educa-
friend Lesley Goldwasser, who came to whose first instinct, when the country is pert Murdoch of his generation. He’s al- ing to this and that we’re asking our poli- tion and building family stability.
America from Zimbabwe in the 1980s. Sur- being ripped apart, was to have peaceful ways justifying his cowardly choices with cymakers to step up . . . and just say it: Sondra told me the right response to the
veying our political scene a few years ear- protesters tear-gassed and shoved aside vacuous bromides about “free speech,” ‘We got a problem. We have a big problem. killing of Floyd has to be “both/and” not
lier, Lesley had remarked to me: “You so that he could walk to a nearby church but he’s obviously just in it for the money And it needs to be dealt with.’” “either/or.” We need both an immediate
Americans kick around your country like just for a photo op outside holding a Bible. — no matter how much his platform is Stephenson added: “This is about doing end to the looting, burning and infiltration
it’s a football. But it’s not a football. It’s a He did not open that Bible to read a heal- used to destroy our democracy. justice and making sure that we’re putting of white supremacist groups that is de-
Fabergé egg. You can break it.” I then add- ing passage. He did not enter the church to So where to look? It is not hopeless. I in place procedures . . . to address what stroying the homes and businesses of
ed: “With Donald Trump now elected host a healing dialogue. He posed for a hope America’s principled business lead- seem to be constant and recurring injus- good people in cities all over the country
president, I have more fear than I’ve ever photo op to drive up his support among tices . . . as it relates to interaction of law and we need deeper civil rights, voting
had in my 63 years that we could do just white evangelicals. Trump was holding enforcement” with the black community. rights, education, environmental and po-
that — break our country, that we could
become so irreparably divided that our
the Bible upside down.
What to do? Where can we find the lead-
Where can we find the How can business make an immediate
difference? Obviously by empowering po-
licing reforms for this generation.
If you are depressed and want to do
national government will not function.” ership needed to calm this situation, deal leadership to save us? liticians who want to address police re- something that will have a lasting impact
Well, I am now 66, and my fears have all with its underlying causes and at least get forms, but, just as important, by ampli- for the common good — not just denounce
come true — and worse. I am not at all cer- us through the 2020 election? fying local social entrepreneurs working looters and scream at Trump on your tele-
tain we will be able to conduct a free and Three years ago, I might have hoped ers, and there are many, can find a way to in disadvantaged neighborhoods to help vision screen — check out the NAZ web-
fair election in November or have a peace- that Senate Republicans would step in and come together to lead a healing discus- their residents realize their full potential. site and hit the donate button!
ful transition of presidential power in Jan- restrain Trump. But now we all know bet- sion, maybe through the Business Round- I am from Minneapolis. I was born in Help is not on the way from this White
uary. We are edging toward a cultural civil ter. The Senate Republican caucus today table, in the absence of a president willing the Northside, a few miles from the street House or this G.O.P., but the country is full
war, only this time we are not lucky: Abra- is nothing but a political brothel. Mitch and able to do so. where George Floyd was killed. No one of problem-solvers. We need to ignore
ham Lincoln is not the president. McConnell is the madame. He and his cau- AT&T Chairman Randall Stephenson there is doing more today to make sure Trump as much as possible; he’s made
Lincoln, in our darkest, most divisive cus rent themselves out by the night to eloquently called for exactly this on CN- that disadvantaged families in that neigh- himself part of the problem. But we can
hour, was able to dig deep into his soul and whomever will energize the base to keep BC’s “Squawk Box” on Tuesday morning. borhood have the tools to succeed than my connect, elevate, amplify and empower
find the words “with malice toward none, them in power and secure the economic (AT&T is a donor to Planet Word, a mu- friend Sondra Samuels, the C.E.O. of the the business leaders, social entrepreneurs
with charity for all . . . let us strive on to benefits for their wealthiest donors. seum to promote reading and literacy that Northside Achievement Zone. NAZ is and local leaders who are rising and ready
finish the work we are in” and establish “a How about the social media barons? my wife is building in Washington, D.C.) working with parents, students and local to be the solution. 0
 THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N A31

We Need
Room phone call with the governors.
“It’s a movement, if you don’t put it down
it will get worse and worse. The only time
it’s successful is when you’re weak and

A Vaccine most of you are weak.”

When he did attempt to speak to the
nation, through Twitter of course, it was

For Racism
to promise violent retribution against
protesters. “These THUGS are dishonor-
ing the memory of George Floyd, and I
won’t let that happen,” he said, adding
that “when the looting starts, the shoot-
Gretchen Whitmer ing starts,” a phrase first used in 1967 by
Walter Headley, the chief of police in Mi-
ami, also in reference to stopping pro-

F
OR a moment, the death of tests and civil unrest.
George Floyd has eclipsed the A “law and order” campaign just isn’t
nation’s battle with a lethal virus. available to Trump. If there is anyone
But the stories are not at odds. who occupies a similar position to Nixon
Both reveal an infection we have yet to in this campaign, it’s Joe Biden, the vice
overcome. president to a still-popular former presi-
Last Friday night would have been my dent who is running as the candidate of
daughter’s high school graduation cere- normalcy and stability.
mony. Because of orders I signed to pro- The simple truth is that comparisons
tect Michiganders, my family and I were to 1968 should be made sparingly. Yes, we
at home. No robes, no diplomas, no pomp have mass civil unrest, but it’s impossi-
and circumstance — like families across ble at this stage to say how it will play out
the country, just doing our best to make in November, and you can’t simply plot
do and manage the disappointment. the circumstances of a half-century ago
onto the present. There are too many dif-
I kept my phone close at hand. Pro-
ferences. There is no Vietnam War or dis-
tests were sparking across Michigan and
integrating Democratic coalition. Our
the nation. Then a text brought news that unrest is happening against a backdrop
I never expected: The Civil Rights Divi- of deprivation and deep inequality, not
sion of the Justice Department in Wash- the relative prosperity of the late 1960s.
ington had just filed a 17-page document BETTMANN ARCHIVE/GETTY IMAGES
And while Trump benefits from a de-
asking the federal courts to strip me of voted coalition, it remains a vocal minor-
my powers to protect the people of my JAMELLE BOUIE ity, not a “silent majority.”
state from Covid-19. The protests are different too, encom-
As cities boiled over with anger at ra- passing a large, diverse cross-section of
cially targeted policing, the Justice De-
partment argued that the true victims
were carwashes and a jewelry store.
Trump Is No ‘Law-and-Order’ Nixon America. In turn, there appears to be
greater sympathy for the protesters and
their grievances, so much so that most
Their closures were “arbitrary” and “op- EVERYTHING HAS HIT AT ONCE. The coro- Some in the president’s circle see the es- steady hand in an uncertain time. Trump public officials outside of the president
pressive.” navirus pandemic has killed more than calations as a political boon, much in the can do no such thing. He built his entire and his closest allies have shown some
About George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, 100,000 people in the United States and way Richard M. Nixon won the presiden- political persona around discord and dis- understanding of the anger and discon-
Breonna Taylor, the filing was silent. put the stark inequality of American life cy on a law-and-order platform after the ruption. Having promised to throw the tent even as they oppose riots and dis-
on full display. The economic fallout has 1968 riots. One adviser to Mr. Trump, who system into disarray, Trump could not order.
Instead, after a string of federal fail-
put millions of Americans out of work. insisted on anonymity to describe private then sell himself as an avatar of order All of this gets to a larger point. His-
ures — botched testing, buried safety
And the brutal, on-camera killing of conversations, said images of widespread and control. He can sell himself as an av- tory can be incredibly useful for analyz-
guidelines, irresponsible recommenda- atar of violence — as he did when he or- ing and understanding the present —
George Floyd, an African-American destruction could be helpful to the law-
tions and funding threats — the Trump and-order message that Mr. Trump has dered federal law enforcement to attack that is, in fact, the aim of much of my
administration was actively working to man, by a Minneapolis police officer has
sparked mass protests in cities across projected since his 2016 campaign. peaceful protesters for the sake of a writing. But we shouldn’t forget that our
stop me from taking the actions my pub- circumstances are not theirs, and our fu-
the country. Tens of thousands of Ameri-
lic health officials have told me are nec- cans have marched, and are marching, The immediate reason to discount a ture cannot be divined from the events of
essary to save lives.
The shameful irony does not escape
against police brutality and the political
system that allows it to thrive.
political analogy between then and now
— between Nixon and Trump — is that
The president’s plan shows the past. We simply do not know what
comes next, nor can we predict the
me. It was the Civil Rights Division that Everywhere there are scenes of a soci- Trump isn’t a challenger to the incum- the limits of historical events that — as we have seen with the
prosecuted the murders of three civil ety at the breaking point: of angry pro- bent president; he is the incumbent. And pandemic and the killing of George Floyd
rights workers during the Freedom Sum- testers and destructive demonstrations; whereas Nixon’s “law and order” was a analogy. It’s not 1968. — can move an entire nation from one
mer of 1964. The same office enforced the of police forces that have unleashed contrast with and rebuke to Lyndon path to another.
Voting Rights Act in the Jim Crow South nearly unrestrained violence on those in Johnson and the Democratic Party, a As we try to understand the forces at
to end the disenfranchisement of black the streets, in an apparent effort to prove Trump attempt to play the hits and reca- photo op, after promising to use military work in this country, we should do so
the point of their most militant critics; of pitulate that campaign would only be an force against protesters — but there’s no with profound humility about the limits
governors calling the National Guard to attack on his own tenure. You can’t prom- evidence that most Americans want that of what we can know and what we can
try to regain control of their cities. ise “law and order” when disorder is hap- kind of “leadership.” foresee. We should remember that the
Fighting the coronavirus The sheer scale and reach of the unrest pening on your watch. Nor could he present himself as a past, like the present, was contingent;
— the extent to which it seems to repre- There are other unavoidable problems steadfast authority in the way that Nixon that events that seem inevitable could
is a matter of civil rights. sent a crisis of legitimacy as much as a with any attempt by Trump to adopt did throughout that campaign. In the have gone a different way; that those
reaction to police violence — has invited Nixon’s 1968 campaign for his own pur- face of unrest, Trump has all but abdicat- who lived through them were, like us, un-
comparisons to 1968, the year in which poses. As former vice president to ed leadership, retreating to a presiden- able to see how things would unfold. We
citizens. And the same office held the much of America was rocked by protests Dwight Eisenhower — who led the na- tial bunker while he orders the nation’s should be aware of the past — we should
Ferguson Police Department to account and riots of even greater scale and de- tion at a time when the white American governors to repress demonstrations. understand the processes that produced
for fleecing and abusing its black resi- struction. And as The New York Times majority felt culturally and economically “You have to dominate or you’ll look like our world — but it shouldn’t be a substi-
dents. reports, President Trump’s advisers are secure — Nixon could credibly claim to a bunch of jerks, you have to arrest and tute for thinking. We are not them, and
Yet the Civil Rights Division was now among those making the comparison: represent stability in the face of chaos, a try people,” Trump said in a Situation now is not then. 0
trying to impede my efforts to fight a vi-
rus that has ripped through communities
of color.
You can see the legacy of racism in our
mortality data. In Michigan, African-
Americans have suffered 40 percent of
all deaths from Covid-19 yet make up
Does John Roberts Need to Check His Own Biases?
only about 14 percent of the population. more time. The chief justice interrupted
That’s why I pushed Michigan to be- Leah Litman and Tonja Jacobi Justice Ginsburg and Justice Stephen
come one the first states to report mor- Breyer even though they used less time
tality by race and ethnicity. And it’s why I

C
HIEF JUSTICE JOHN ROB- than a majority of their colleagues, in-
created the Michigan Coronavirus Task cluding Justice Gorsuch and Justice
Force on Racial Disparities, which is ERTS would like us to think that
Supreme Court justices are Kavanaugh, whom the chief justice
working to remove barriers to care and never once interrupted.
mere umpires who “don’t make
mitigate the environmental and infra- Justice Ginsburg, a senior member of
the rules” but simply “apply them.”
structure factors that make the coro- the court, participated from her hospital
When President Trump criticized
navirus so deadly in our black communi- bed on some days. But the chief justice
what he saw as an unreasonable ruling
ties. did not lend her great deference, ending
by an “Obama judge,” the chief justice
Fighting the coronavirus isn’t only a said, “We do not have Obama judges or more of her questioning periods than
matter of public health. It is a matter of Trump judges, Bush judges or Clinton that of the newest member, Justice Kava-
civil rights. judges.” naugh, even though she spoke, on aver-
Even as the White House works to un- Yet at Supreme Court oral arguments, age, over 10 seconds less per questioning
dermine my efforts, the courts have sig- chief justices have applied rules of the period than he did. Ten seconds may not
naled that they will not support lawsuits sound like much, but is more than
court with very real differences among
meant to strip governors of their powers enough time to get out an additional
justices depending on their partisan ap-
to fight the virus. And rightly so. In Mich- question or at least a remark about how
pointment: Justices appointed by Demo-
igan, for example, a judge has rebuffed an advocate’s claims are unpersuasive.
crats have been interrupted more fre-
the Republican-controlled legislature’s quently than justices appointed by Re- Similarly, the chief justice ended many
effort to argue that an emergency law publicans. And women have been inter- more of Justice Sotomayor’s questioning
rupted more frequently than men. periods than Justice Gorsuch’s, even
that has been on the books since 1945 is
though they spoke, on average, the same
unconstitutional. And recently, as the court conducted
amount of time per questioning period
On Friday night — just a few hours af- oral arguments over the phone, it was
and even though he had two of the six
ter the Justice Department filed its state- Chief Justice Roberts himself who did
longest questioning periods and she had
ment in federal court — the Supreme the uneven interrupting in his role as POOL PHOTO BY LEAH MILLIS
none.
Court rejected a request from a Califor- timekeeper.
To be fair to the chief justice, this was
nia church to stop a rule limiting the The pattern of interruptions reflects pire. The three justices who were al-
an unusual arrangement, and at the
number of parishioners who could at- the reality that Supreme Court justices,
like everyone else, are susceptible to
The chief justice, like lowed to speak the most in the very polit-
ically salient cases — the two cases about
same time that he was supposed to be
tend services at one time. In a rare opin- keeping the justices to their time limits,
ion joining with the court’s liberals, Chief bias. It is an unfortunate reality that most people, may be the president and one about access to
he was also participating in the argu-
women are often perceived as talking too contraception under the Affordable Care
Justice John Roberts wrote that gover-
nors’ decisions about a lethal pandemic much even though studies show that gendered and ideological. Act — were conservative men: Justice
ments as a questioner and as a decision
maker. By any standard, he had a diffi-
“should not be subject to second-guess- they talk less than men. And it is also the Brett Kavanaugh had two of the longest
cult job.
case that people like to hear things they But the conservative justices interrupt periods of time in a case, and Justice Al-
ing by an ‘unelected federal judiciary,’ Still, his uneven application of the
already believe — and interrupt those their liberal colleagues at higher rates ito had the other. The justices who re-
which lacks the background, compe- rules was not random. It was gendered
with whom they disagree. than the liberal justices interrupt their ceived the three longest individual ques-
tence, and expertise to assess public and ideological, as interruptions have
The same pattern manifests at the Su- conservative colleagues. tioning periods were also all conserva-
health and is not accountable to the peo- been in previous courts. But it is possible
preme Court. The Covid-19 pandemic has sharpened tive men: Justice Alito had two such peri-
ple.” that having these new demands, he could
Normally, Supreme Court arguments these divisions. Last month, the court ods, and Justice Gorsuch had the other.
The chief justice’s opinion showed the not or did not devote sufficient attention
are unstructured sessions in which any held oral arguments over the phone, and By contrast, the justices who received
Civil Rights Division’s filing for what it to checking his own biases.
justice can ask any question at any point the justices spoke in order of seniority. the three shortest questioning periods
was: a brazen attempt to politicize a re- The justices promise to be neutral, but
in the argument. Justices sometimes in- The new format shifted more responsi- that the chief justice ended were both lib-
sponse to a global pandemic. Even in a the fact is that they are human with real
terrupt one another and the advocates, bility to the chief justice. In the court’s eral women: Justice Ruth Bader Gins-
case implicating the right to the free ex- human biases that affect their decisions.
and some advocates even interrupt jus- usual argument structure, the chief jus- burg had two, and Justice Elena Kagan
ercise of religion, protecting the public Oral arguments are just another occa-
tices. tice’s role is to “referee” among justices had the other.
health comes first. sion where that comes through.
A 2017 study showed that the interrup- when more than one speak at the same When it came to the controversial
There’s nothing “arbitrary” about It’s possible that with experience,
tions at the Supreme Court are both gen- time. But in the new format, the chief jus- topic of a woman’s right to contraception
closing private businesses in response to Chief Justice Roberts will take corrective
dered and ideological. The study, which tice was tasked with ensuring that each access, the conservative Justice Alito
the coronavirus. What is arbitrary, in- steps. If the court continues to have ar-
focused on the Roberts court as well as justice had the opportunity to speak for was given over a minute and a half long-
guments on the phone into the next term,
stead, is the federal government’s con- two earlier Supreme Court terms from roughly the same amount of time. That er than the longest questioning period by
someone else, such as the clerk of the
tinued refusal to grapple with the prob- the Rehnquist and Burger courts, found gave the chief justice the power to decide a justice appointed by a Democratic
court or the counselor to the chief justice,
lems that are so apparent to Americans. that female justices were interrupted at when to end each justice’s time for ques- president — or any of the female justices.
could keep time and end questioning pe-
Carwashes are not the issue. disproportionate rates by their male col- tions (unless the questioning justice con- There were also notable differences in
riods rather than the chief justice.
Whatever the Department of Justice leagues and by male advocates. Male cluded it). whom the chief justice interrupted or cut
And if the court reverts to its usual ar-
may think, the story of Covid-19 is a story justices interrupt more than female jus- Looking at all the cases together — 10 off. The chief justice ended questioning
gument, Chief Justice Roberts might
about the historical legacy of racism in tices, and male justices interrupt their fe- in total — the chief justice arguably suc- periods nearly 160 times, typically by in-
want to keep a running tally of who inter-
our country. With enough time and male colleagues more than their male ceeded at being evenhanded. The jus- terrupting an advocate or concluding af-
rupts and whom he allows to speak. Be-
money, I am optimistic we will develop a colleagues. The interruptions do not re- tices who spoke the most, per question- ter an advocate’s response to another
cause as much as we may want the chief
vaccine to inoculate us from one infec- flect female justices’ participation in ar- ing period that they used, were Justice justice’s question. But on 11 occasions,
justice to be a neutral umpire, that is not
tion. But we must bring the equivalent guments: Female justices do not talk Neil Gorsuch and Justice Sonia So- the chief justice interrupted or cut off an-
what we have seen this month at the Su-
commitment to the cause of healing the more than their male colleagues. tomayor, who represent different wings other justice. Every one of those 11 occa-
preme Court. 0
racial divide that continues to blight the The same study also showed an ideo- of the court. Justice Samuel Alito also sions involved justices appointed by
United States. 0 logical bias in interruptions. Both Demo- spoke for a similar amount of time. Democratic presidents, and nine of the 11 LEAH LITMAN is a law professor at the
cratic-appointed and Republican-ap- But the devil is in the details, and in involved female justices. University of Michigan. TONJA JACOBI is a
GRETCHEN WHITMER, a Democrat, is the pointed justices are more likely to inter- some striking respects, the chief justice That is not because the female or Dem- law professor at Northwestern Univer-
governor of Michigan. rupt a justice with whom they disagree. fell short of the ideal of the neutral um- ocratic-appointed justices were taking sity.
A32 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

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3 RETAIL 7 SQUARE FEET 9 SPORTS

Adidas voiced its support for As new office towers rise, A look at the Walt Disney
protests sweeping the United owners are worried they may World complex that could
States, even as the company face a shortage of tenants host the return of the N.B.A.
closed dozens of its stores. once the pandemic eases. (Mouse ears not included.)

TECH ECONOMY MEDIA FINANCE WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 B1

N

Facing Furor, By MIKE ISAAC, CECILIA KANG

and SHEERA FRENKEL
SAN FRANCISCO — Mark Zucker-

Zuckerberg
berg, Facebook’s chief executive,
on Tuesday stood firmly behind
his decision not to do anything
about President Trump’s inflam-

Defends Call matory posts on the social net-

work, saying that he had made a
“tough decision” but that it “was
pretty thorough.”

On Trump In a question-and-answer ses-

sion with employees conducted
over video chat software, Mr.
Zuckerberg sought to justify his
Quotes from, clockwise from top, Timothy J. Aveni; joint position, which has led to fierce
statement by Vanita Gupta, Sherrilyn Ifill and Rashad internal dissent. The meeting,
Robinson; Jason Stirman; anonymous Facebook which had been scheduled for
employee; Senator Marsha Blackburn of Tennessee. CONTINUED ON PAGE B5

ILLUSTRATION BY CAROLYN SEWELL; PHOTOGRAPH BY JESSICA CHOU FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Deutsche Bank’s Dealings With Epstein Scrutinized White House Readies Salvo
By MATTHEW GOLDSTEIN
and DAVID ENRICH
ing to the people. Compliance offi-
cers in the bank’s anti-money-
laundering operation alerted the
Bank spokesman, said the bank
regarded its reputation as its
“most precious asset.”
even as other banks had distanced
themselves from him.
Bank officials have been shar-
To Fight Global Tech Taxes
Banking regulators have spent
months investigating Jeffrey Ep- federal government to several “We regret the decision to asso- ing their findings with New York By JIM TANKERSLEY reaching a multinational consen-
stein’s dealings with Deutsche transactions in which Mr. Epstein ciate with Epstein,” he said. regulators, according to the peo- and ANA SWANSON sus on how to tax internet com-
Bank, which lent money to the dis- sent money overseas in 2015, ple briefed on the matter. The De- WASHINGTON — The Trump ad- merce that crosses borders.
graced financier and held dozens while employees worried about partment of Financial Services ministration said on Tuesday that At issue are efforts spreading
the reputational risks of doing wields significant power over across Europe and beyond to im-
of accounts for him until shortly
before he died, according to four business with a registered sex of- The sex offender was Deutsche Bank because the
it would open an investigation into
taxes on digital commerce that pose so-called digital services
people briefed on the matter but fender. Ultimately, senior bank ex-
ecutives opted to maintain the re-
considered off-limits agency licenses it to operate in the
state, where the bank has most of
have been adopted or proposed in taxes on economic activity gener-
ated online. Those taxes deviate
not authorized to speak publicly. nine countries and the European
The investigation by the New lationship with Mr. Epstein be- by other banks. its U.S. operations. Union, escalating a global battle from many traditional interna-
cause it was so lucrative. If state regulators decide to that will affect where big Ameri- tional tax regimes by affecting
York Department of Financial
In addition to setting up dozens punish Deutsche Bank, it would can tech companies like Facebook revenues earned by a company
Services, which has not been pre-
of accounts for Mr. Epstein, be the latest in a series of black and Amazon pay taxes. where they are generated — re-
viously reported, could result in
an enforcement action against
Deutsche Bank as soon as this
Deutsche Bank served as his lend-
er from 2013 until last year, even $600M eyes for the bank. Federal and
state authorities in recent years
The administration’s move
could ultimately lead to American
tariffs on imports from Brazil,
gardless of whether the company
has a physical presence there. For
example, India imposed a 2 per-
month, before the first anniversa- as other banks considered him off- The reported value of Jeffrey have imposed billions of dollars of
limits. Deutsche Bank began ex- Epstein’s estate. fines on the German bank for fail- Britain, India and a host of other cent tax in April on online sales of
ry of Mr. Epstein’s arrest on fed-
tricating itself from its relation- ing to stop money laundering and countries, heightening the goods and services to people in In-
eral sex-trafficking charges, the
for violating various sanctions, chances of another global trade dia by large foreign firms. The Eu-
people said. Mr. Epstein was ar- ship with Mr. Epstein in late 2018,
After Mr. Epstein was arrested dispute that results in retaliatory ropean Union has revived its push
rested on July 6 and died in federal after a series of articles in The Mi- among other things. The bank
last July, Deutsche Bank execu- taxes on U.S. goods. for a similar tax as a way to help
custody in August; his death was ami Herald examined the secret also has been under scrutiny by
tives began an internal investiga- The investigation, which will be fund response measures to the co-
ruled a suicide. nonprosecution agreement fed- congressional Democrats and by
tion into the bank’s relationship conducted by the United States ronavirus.
The investigation focuses, at eral prosecutors reached with him state prosecutors for its role as the
with him. The examination in- trade representative, could also Those moves follow similar ef-
least in part, on the bank’s deci- in 2007. Deutsche Bank told Mr. longtime banker to President
cludes studying how Mr. Epstein complicate global negotiations forts by France, which introduced
sion to continue doing business Epstein he had six months to Trump, his family and his compa- a tax on digital revenues last year,
with Mr. Epstein even after em- move his money out of the bank. used his accounts and the bank’s nies. that have been underway for more
ployees raised concerns, accord- Daniel Hunter, a Deutsche decision to keep him as a client, CONTINUED ON PAGE B5
than a year and are aimed at CONTINUED ON PAGE B4
B2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

The Digest

AUTOMOBILES

Carmakers See Signs

tail sales almost doubled from
April to May, a spokesman said.
Hyundai said overall U.S. sales in
As Life Goes Sideways, Markets Go Up
Demand Is Returning May fell 13 percent, better than By MATT PHILLIPS
the 33 percent industry decline S&P 500 INDEX Stocks on Tuesday shrugged off
Cox Automotive had forecast, and The S& P 500 Index
Several automakers on Tuesday +0.82% increasingly chaotic scenes
reported stronger-than-expected retail sales rose 5 percent. throughout the United States, as Position of the S& P 500 index at 1-minute intervals on Tuesday.
General Motors said it would 3,080.82
May sales in the United States, protesters and police officers 3,080
and Detroit automakers said they keep building vehicles at most of faced off across the country and
its U.S. plants to meet strength- President Trump threatened to
would work through their annual
ening demand, instead of taking a use the military to quell wide-
summer shutdowns to rebuild in- traditional two-week summer
ventories as demand recovers. break. Half of Ford’s eight U.S. as- 3,070
Toyota said that overall U.S. STOCKS & BONDS
sembly plants have reduced shut-
sales fell about 26 percent in May, downs to one week. Others are spread unrest set off by the death
but that retail demand rebounded shifting their breaks to later in the of George Floyd, a black man in
to 86 percent of levels in May 2019, year. GM and Ford no longer re- DOW JONES INDUSTRIALS Minneapolis, at the hands of the 3,060
exceeding company forecasts. Re- port monthly U.S. sales. REUTERS police last week.
+1.05% The S&P 500 rose 0.8 percent,
25,742.65
its sixth gain in the last seven ses- Previous close
sions. Energy, financial and indus- 3,055.73 3,050
TECHNOLOGY trial shares were some of the larg-
Amazon to Help Workers est gainers, suggesting that in- 10 a.m. Noon 2 p.m. 4 p.m.
vestors were focusing on tentative Source: Reuters THE NEW YORK TIMES
With Dependent Care signs of economic stabilization in-
stead of the potential impact of the
With summer camps canceled protests.
and schools closed, Amazon said it Over the past week, thousands
would offer up to 10 days of subsi- NASDAQ COMPOSITE INDEX have been arrested, including
dized emergency child and elder some 500 people in the Twin Cit-
care to its 650,000 employees in
+0.59% ies, more than 2,000 in Los Ange-
9,608.38
the United States. The benefit will les and over 1,200 in New York.
end in early October. And mayors in cities have cited
The benefit, administered damage in the millions of dollars,
HIROKO MASUIKE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
through Care.com, covers ware- adding another challenge to an
house and Whole Foods workers economy that is already in deep
and corporate staff. Employees who runs human resources at Am- distress because of the coro-
will pay $25 per day for child care azon, said in the announcement. navirus outbreak.
at a day care facility or $5 per hour Last year, a group of mothers at But so far, investors have added
for child or adult care at home. Amazon pushed it to offer backup the unrest to the list of other is-
The subsidies will cost “several care benefits, which many tech-
10-YEAR TREASURY YIELD sues that they’re willing to over-
million dollars,” Amazon said. nology companies have long of- 0.68% look. Despite a pandemic that has
“We’ve heard from our employees fered to support women in their +0.02 points claimed more than 100,000 Ameri-
that access to affordable family careers. Because of Amazon’s can lives, and the worst economic JESSICA LUTZ/REUTERS
care, for both children and adults, vast fulfillment operations, it em- downturn since the Great Depres- A Chevron drilling site near Midland, Texas. Crude oil prices rose on
is particularly challenging during ploys many more people than its sion of the 1930s, the stock market Tuesday after a Kremlin statement citing the need to cut production.
the Covid crisis,” Beth Galetti, tech peers. KAREN WEISE has roared higher since late
March, largely on the back of the
creation of trillions of new dollars below its pre-pandemic high. long term, and financial stocks fol-
that the Federal Reserve has Energy stocks rose more than 2 lowed.
AVIATION Robinson Helicopter Company; pumped into the financial system. percent, following a bump in Bond yields form the basis for
and Sikorsky, a unit of Lockheed “Right now we’re dealing with a crude oil prices. Petroleum rose the interest rates that banks
U.S. Urges Data Recorders Martin, to act, noting U.S. regula-
CRUDE OIL (U.S.)
market that seems to lack self after a Kremlin statement charge on loans, so increases in
After Bryant Copter Crash tors had not backed mandating $36.81 awareness,” said Yousef Abbasi, stressed the importance of cutting such yields can help bolster prof-
the recorders despite recommen- +$1.37 global market strategist at INTL production alongside the Organi- its for financial firms. Credit card
The National Transportation dations dating to 2013. FCStone, a financial services and zation of the Petroleum Exporting issuers, including Synchrony Fi-
Safety Board on Tuesday urged Mr. Bryant, 41; his daughter Gi- brokerage firm. “There are sev- Countries in order to stabilize the nancial, Discover Financial and
six major manufacturers to equip anna, 13; and seven others died eral underappreciated risks: U.S.- oil markets. Prices for American Capital One, were some of the best
turbine-powered helicopters with when a Sikorsky S-76B copter hit a China relations, political risks, benchmark crude rose more than performers.
crash-resistant systems to record hillside outside Los Angeles in Covid second wave.” 3 percent. After tumbling as much Also climbing were petrochemi-
data, audio and images, after the fog. The craft had no flight data re- Since March 23, when the Fed as 80 percent this year, crude cal companies — sensitive to
former N.B.A. star Kobe Bryant corder or cockpit voice recorder. signaled its willingness to do prices have rallied since late prices for petroleum — such as
and eight others died in a helicop- The board said a “lack of recorded whatever it took to stabilize finan- April. But they remain down Dow and LyondellBasell. Both
ter crash in January. data hindered their understand- cial markets that were in disarray roughly 40 percent in 2020. companies are part of the ma-
GOLD (N.Y.)
The board asked Airbus Heli- ing of several crashes that could because of the Covid-19 crisis, the Yields on government bonds terials sector, which was one of the
copters; Bell, a unit of Textron have serious flight safety implica- $1,725.20 S&P has soared more than 37 per- rose, also reflecting a more opti- best-performing parts of the S&P
Inc.; Leonardo; MD Helicopters; tions.” REUTERS –$12.60 cent. It is now less than 10 percent mistic view on the economy in the 500.

What Happened in Stock Markets Yesterday

POWERED BY

S&P 500 3080.82 0.8% Nasdaq Composite Index 9608.38 0.6% Dow Jones industrials 25742.65 1.1%

3,400
+ 5% + 5% 28,000 + 5%
3,200
9,000
0% 0% 0%
3,000 26,000
– 5% – 5% – 5%
2,800 8,000 24,000
–10% –10% –10%
2,600
–15% –15% 22,000 –15%
2,400 7,000
–20% –20% –20%
20,000
2,200
6,000 18,000
Apr. May Apr. May Apr. May

TOTAL
Best performers Worst performers Most active Regional and emerging markets TOTAL RETURN
ASSETS
VOLUME
S&P 500 COMPANIES CLOSE CHANGE S&P 500 COMPANIES CLOSE CHANGE S&P 500 COMPANIES CLOSE CHANGE IN MIL. 1 YR 5 YRS IN BIL.

1. Western Union (WU) $23.05 +11.3% 1. Tiffany (TIF) $117.03 –8.9% 1. GE (GE) $7.05 +4.3% 113.3 1. DFA Emerging Markets Core Equity I(DFCEX) –5.9% +0.6% $22.3
2. DXC Tech (DXC) 16.16 +9.5 2. Coty (COTY) 4.19 –4.6 2. Ford Motor (F) 5.90 +0.5 79.9 2. Fidelity Series Emerging Markets Opps(FEMSX) +5.9 +4.6 21.4
3. Macy’s (M) 6.96 +9.3 3. Newmont. (NEM) 58.47 –3.3 3. BofAML (BAC) 24.84 +0.9 71.0 3. Invesco Oppenheimer Developing Markets Y(ODVYX) +2.1 +3.8 16.2
4. Equifax (EFX) 167.12 +7.8 4. MSCI (MSCI) 324.92 –3.1 4. Macy’s (M) 6.96 +9.3 63.4 4. DFA Emerging Markets Value I(DFEVX) –14.2 –0.8 12.8
5. Gap (GPS) 10.65 +7.7 5. TripAdvisor (TRIP) 21.19 –3.0 5. Nrwn Crs Ln (NCLH) 17.39 +0.6 62.3 5. Vanguard Emerging Mkts Stock Idx Adm(VEMAX) –0.9 +1.0 12.4
6. Helmerich (HP) 21.80 +7.6 6. Nortonlifelo (NLOK) 21.06 –3.0 6. American Airl (AAL) 11.22 +1.0 48.8 6. American Funds New World A(NEWFX) +7.9 +5.3 11.8
7. SL Green Real (SLG) 47.33 +7.4 7. Wynn Resorts (WYNN) 84.10 –2.7 7. United Arlns (UAL) 29.91 +1.5 47.3 7. DFA Emerging Markets I(DFEMX) –4.5 +1.2 5.3
8. Nordstrom (JWN) 17.78 +7.2 8. Unum Group (UNM) 15.65 –2.6 8. Delta Air (DAL) 26.41 +0.9 43.0 8. Virtus Vontobel Emerging Markets Opps I(HIEMX) –4.7 +1.9 4.9
9. Arconic (ARNC) 15.95 +6.8 9. LVSC (LVS) 47.79 –2.5 9. AMD (AMD) 53.54 –0.2 42.6 9. DFA Emerging Markets Small Cap I(DEMSX) –8.1 –0.1 4.6
10. Occidental (OXY) 14.75 +6.8 10. M&T Bnk US (MTB) 106.00 –2.3 10. Carnivl (CCL) 16.87 +0.4 41.5 10. Lazard Emerging Markets Equity Instl(LZEMX) –10.8 –1.3 4.6
Source: Morningstar

Sector performance How stock markets fared yesterday in Asia … … in Europe … and in the Americas.
S&P 500 SECTORS
+4.5
Energy +2.7 % +4.0
Materials +1.8
+3.5
Industrials +1.3 Frankfurt +3.8%
+3.0
Technology +0.9
+2.5
Financials +0.8
+2.0
Real estate +0.7 Tokyo +1.2%
+1.5
Consumer discretionary +0.6 London +0.9% Toronto +1.0%
+1.0
Health care +0.6 New York +0.8%
+0.5
Utilities +0.6 Shanghai +0.2%
0.0
Communication services +0.5
Major stock market indexes
Consumer staples +0.2 –0.5
6 p.m. E.T. 8 10 12 a.m. 2 4 6 a.m. 8 10 12 p.m. 2 4 6 p.m.

What Is Happening in Other Markets and the Economy

Bonds Currencies Consumer rates Commodities Economy

10-year Treas. Key rates 1 euro = $1.1169 Crude oil Unemployment Rate Consumer confidence
3% $1.3
6% $100 a barrel
10% 120
1.2 Borrowing rate
2
30-year fixed mortgages
5 50
Fed Funds 2-year Treas. 1.1 5 100
1

0 1.0 4 0 0 80
’19 ’20 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’18 ’19 ’20 ’12 ’14 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20

3
Yield curve $1 = 108.67 yen Corn New-home sales Industrial production
3% 120 $6 a bushel
1-YEAR AGO 2 700 thousand
260
2 110 Savings rate 4
600
1 1-year CDs
YESTERDAY 240
1 100 2 500

0 Maturity 90 0 0 400 220

3 6 2 5 10 30 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’18 ’19 ’20 ’10 ’15 ’20 ’12 ’14 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20
Months Years
 THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N B3

RETAIL

JASON SZENES/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK

An Adidas store in New York was damaged during protests over the death of George Floyd. Sportswear companies beginning to emerge from the economic blow of the pandemic ran into a new crisis as protests swept the U.S.

Adidas Voices Solidarity With Protests While Closing Its Stores

By KEVIN DRAPER cities erupted in protests against them as the “Official Shoes of contention for black employees at eo advertisement that inverted its soccer team in its fight for equal
and JULIE CRESWELL racism and police brutality over White People.” Nike signed Colin Adidas, a number of whom told trademark “Just Do It” phrase. pay at the same time that female
As protests over the death of the weekend. An Adidas store in Kaepernick, the N.F.L. quarter- The New York Times last year “Don’t pretend there’s not a prob- employees and sponsored ath-
George Floyd in police custody in- an upscale neighborhood of Los back who began kneeling during that they felt ignored and some- lem in America” appeared in letes said the company mistreated
creased across the country last Angeles was looted, and the com- the pregame national anthem in times discriminated against by black-and-white text as somber them.
week, Adidas did what brands of- pany closed its dozens of Ameri- protest of the treatment of black the company. piano music played. In its most recent diversity and
ten do: It posted on Instagram, can stores, just two weeks after re- people by the police, to a new en- “In sportswear, a huge part of “The intent behind the film was inclusion report, Nike said 56 per-
where the company’s account has opening some of them for the first dorsement contract. It later pulled their consumer base, and even to serve as a catalyst to inspire ac- cent of its employees in 2019, in-
time in months. a pair of sneakers with an early people who inform their brand tion,” said KeJuan Wilkins, a cluding those in its stores, were
nearly 26 million followers.
A spokeswoman for Adidas de- version of the American flag after and endorsers for their brand, is spokesman for Nike. “There is a nonwhite or from “underrepre-
“Together is how we move for-
clined to comment beyond its post usually a lot of black people,” said deep issue in our society around sented groups.” But just 21 per-
ward,” one of the company’s state-
on Instagram. James Whitner, the owner of the racism and equalities, and we felt cent of its vice presidents were
ments read, under the word
“RACISM” crossed out.
Brands traditionally avoid hot- Brands are finding it Whitaker Group. The Whitaker by putting that film out there that nonwhite, up from 16 percent in
button political topics in their ad- Group owns a number of fashion we could help encourage people to
Some followers praised the Ger- vertising and marketing, but in re- difficult to avoid and sneaker retailers focused on shape a better future.”
2017.
man sportswear retailer, reacting Mr. Whitner called for sports-
with clapping and heart-eyes
cent years that has become more
difficult. Consumers from the
hot-button topics. black consumers.
Adidas-sponsored basketball
Mr. Wilkins, who is black, said
he had led the project with Adri- wear companies to increase in-
emojis. Others noted that the post younger generation want to see players like Jaylen Brown of the enne Lofton, a black woman and a vestments in black communities,
didn’t mention Mr. Floyd or police their values reflected in the his input, infuriating conserva- Boston Celtics participated in pro- former Under Armour executive including through donations, edu-
brutality, containing mostly un- brands they buy. tives. tests over the weekend, and an- who joined Nike last year as a vice cation, and internship and men-
specific aphorisms. For sportswear companies like Companies like Adidas and other, the Atlanta Hawks star Trae president of North American mar- torship programs, saying they
“You did it adidas you stopped Adidas, that has been especially Nike have long paid black enter- Young, organized one on Monday. keting. have a responsibility to help those
racism,” one follower sarcastically true during the presidency of tainers and athletes to pitch their The company’s highest-paid Nike has been called hypocriti- they profit from.
replied. Donald J. Trump. Shortly after Mr. products, and it is often black pitchman, however, is the rapper cal in the past for projecting pro- “Everyone understands the dol-
Just as sportswear companies Trump was elected, New Balance teenagers in the country’s largest Kanye West, who has his own gressive values through its mar- lars of black Americans,” Mr.
were emerging from an economic faced a backlash after expressing cities who determine which Yeezy line inside Adidas. Mr. West keting that it does not practice Whitner said. “If you are willing to
crisis caused by the coronavirus support for his trade policies. The brands are fashionable and subse- supports Mr. Trump, who has within the company, specifically in research the dollars of black
pandemic, they lurched toward company’s shoes were then em- quently sell big in the white sub- called protesters “terrorists.” its treatment of women. Nike pub- America, how do you not have the
another as hundreds of American braced by racists, who referred to urbs. This is a particular bone of For its part, Nike released a vid- licly supported the U.S. women’s time to research the plight?”

IN THE UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT deadline shall be July 30,2020 at 4:00 p.m.(prevailing Eastern Time);and
FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE (vi) be served,so as to be actually received on or before the Sale Objection
In re ) Chapter 11 Deadline or the Committee Sale Objection Deadline, as applicable, upon:

Limited Damage, but Looting Deals Symbolic Blow ALPHA ENTERTAINMENT LLC, ) Case No.
Debtor.1 ) 20-10940 (LSS)
SaleObjectionDeadline:July13,2020at4:00p.m.(ET)
Post-AuctionObjectionDeadline:August5,2020at12:00p.m.(ET)
(a) counsel to the Debtor, Young Conaway Stargatt & Taylor, LLP, Rodney
Square, 1000 North King Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801, Attn:
Matthew Lunn,Esq.(mlunn@ycst.com) and Kenneth J.Enos,Esq.(kenos@
ycst.com);(b) counsel to the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of
Alpha Entertainment LLC,Greenberg Traurig,LLP,(i) 3333 Piedmont Road,
HearingDate:August7,2020at10:00a.m.(ET)
By MICHAEL CORKERY Square location had been tempo- NOTICE OF SALE, BIDDING PROCEDURES, AUCTION NE, Atlanta, GA 30305, Attn: David Kurzweil (kurzweild@gtlaw.com), and
(ii) 1000 Louisiana Street, Suite 1700, Houston, TX 77002, Attn: Shari L.
AND SALE HEARING
and SAPNA MAHESHWARI rarily closed since March because PLEASETAKENOTICEOFTHEFOLLOWING: Heyen (heyens@gtlaw.com);(c) Office of the United States Trustee,844 N.
King Street,Room 2207,Lockbox 35,Wilmington,DE 19801,Attn:Richard
In the end, the damage to the store of the pandemic, but a skeleton 1. On April 21, 2020, the debtor and debtor in possession in the
Schepacarter, Esq. (Richard.schepacarter@usdoj.com); and (d) counsel
above-captioned case (the “Debtor”) filed with the United States
may have been limited. But im- crew of employees has continued Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the “Bankruptcy Court”) to the Debtor’s prepetition Lender, K&L Gates, LLP, 599 Lexington Avenue,
NewYork,NY10022,Attn:JohnA.Bicks,Esq.(John.Bicks@klgates.com)and
working in the store. The com- its motion (the “Motion”) for the entry of: (A) an order (the “Bidding
ages of looters smashing windows Procedures Order”),2 (i) approving bidding procedures in connection James A.Wright III (James.Wright@klgates.com) (collectively,the“Notice
Parties”).
and running through Macy’s flag- pany said that during the week- with the sale ofthe Debtor’s assets(the“BiddingProcedures”);(ii) sched-
7. Any objections solely with respect to conduct at the Auction (a
uling an auction for (the“Auction”) and hearing (the“Sale Hearing”) on
ship location in Herald Square end about 30 of its roughly 775 theapproval oftheproposedsaleordisposition(the“Sale”)oftheDebtor’s “Post-Auction Objection”) must:(i) be in writing;(ii) be signed by coun-
sel or attested to by the objecting party; (iii) be in conformity with the
was another symbolic hit to the al- stores were closed or had short- assets (the “Acquired Assets”); (iii) approving notice of respective date,
time and place for the Auction and for the Sale Hearing;(iv) approving pro- applicableprovisionsoftheBankruptcyRulesandtheLocalRules;(iv)state
with particularity the legal and factual basis for the objection and the spe-
ready badly battered retailer. ened hours because of civil unrest cedures for the assumption and assignment of certain executory contracts
cific grounds therefor;(v) be filed with the Clerk of the Court,824 N.Market
and unexpired leases; (v) approving form and manner of notice; and (vi)
As roving bands of people and curfews. granting related relief;and (B) an order authorizing and approving (i) the Street, 3rd Floor, Wilmington, DE 19801, together with proof of service,
on or before 12:00 p.m. (ET) on August 5, 2020 (the“Post-Auction
swarmed through Manhattan late Across the country, hundreds of Sale free and clear of liens, claims, rights, encumbrances, and other inter-
ests; and (ii) the assumption and assignment of certain executory con- Objection Deadline”);and (vi) be served,so as to be actually received on
Monday and early Tuesday dur- orbeforethePost-AuctionObjectionDeadline,upontheNoticeParties.
stores have been damaged and tracts and unexpired leases (collectively,the“Contracts”) and (iii) related
8. If a Sale Objection is not filed and served on or before the Sale
relief.
ing protests over the killing of a looted during the unrest. Big-box 2. On May 28, 2020, the Bankruptcy Court entered the Bidding Objection Deadline or a Post-Auction Objection is not filed and served on
or before thePost-AuctionObjectionDeadlinein accordancewiththe fore-
black man, George Floyd, in police retailers like Walmart and Target Procedures Order [Docket No. 181]. Pursuant to the Bidding Procedures
going requirements, the Court may enter the Sale Order without further
Order, the Debtor has until July 23, 2020 at 11:59 p.m. (ET) (the
custody, some of them ransacked have closed many locations tem- “Stalking Horse Bid Deadline”) to obtain a Stalking Horse Bid for the noticetosuchparty.
9. Copies of the Motion, the Bidding Procedures, and the Bidding
the city’s most vibrant and valu- porarily to clean up and make re- AcquiredAssets.
3. Pursuant to the Bidding Procedures, bids for the Acquired Assets, Procedures Order may be obtained by parties in interest free of charge on
able retail corridors, from the Up- the dedicated webpage related to the Debtor’s chapter 11 case maintained
pairs, while some smaller mer- or any subset thereof,must be received on or before July 30,2020 at 5:00
p.m. (ET) (the“Bid Deadline”) and otherwise comply with the Bidding by the claims and noticing agent in this case, Donlin, Recano & Company,
per East Side to Midtown. chants have reported damage Procedures. FAILURE TO ABIDE BY THE BIDDING PROCEDURES MAY Inc. (http://www.donlinrecano.com/alpha). Copies of such documents
are also available for inspection during regular business hours at the Clerk
But the Macy’s in Herald that they fear could threaten their RESULT IN A BID BEING REJECTED. ANY PARTY INTERESTED IN BID-
DING ON THE ACQUIRED ASSETS SHOULD CONTACT JAY WEINBERGER of the Bankruptcy Court, 824 N. Market Street, 3rd Floor, Wilmington, DE
Square looms larger perhaps than viability. The looting has come as (JWEINBERGER@HL.COM), (212) 497-4292, OF HOULIHAN LOKEY 19801,and may be viewed for a fee on the internet at the Court’s website
(http://www.deb.uscourts.gov/) by following the directions for accessing
any other store in New York, not CAPITAL,INC.,THEDEBTOR’SINVESTMENTBANKER.
unemployment has surged be- 4. Pursuant to the Bidding Procedures, in the event that the Debtor theECFsystemonsuchwebsite.
10. Foreaseofreference,thefollowingcharthasbeenincludedtoindi-
only for the company, which cause of the pandemic. receives more than one Qualified Bid by the Bid Deadline, the Debtor will
catethedatesrelevanttothisNotice:
conduct the Auction, which shall take place on August 3, 2020, begin-
draws a significant amount of its Mr. Appelbaum said that no ning at 10:00 a.m. (ET) at the offices of counsel to the Debtor, Young Date Event
brand identity and revenue from date was set for the Herald Square
Conaway Stargatt & Taylor, LLP, Rodney Square, 1000 North King Street, June 3,2020 Service of Notice of Assumption and
Assignment
Wilmington, Delaware 19801, or such later time or such other place as
the building, which it has occupied store’s reopening and that it was the Debtor shall designate and provide notice of to all Qualified Bidders July 13,2020 4:00 p.m.(ET) Sale Objection Deadline
since 1902, but also for the broader DEMETRIUS FREEMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES who have submitted Qualified Bids. Only Qualified Bidders (including Cure Cost/Assignment Objection
too early to say whether any of the any Stalking Horse Bidder),shall be entitled to participate at the Auction. Deadline
retail industry. Macy’s flagship store in Herald Square was boarded up after overnight For the avoidance of doubt, the Debtor may, upon consultation with the July 23,2020 Stalking Horse Bid Deadline
damage would cause additional Consultation Parties, conduct the Auction telephonically or by video con- July 30,2020 4:00 p.m.(ET) Committee Sale Objection Deadline
“Macy’s Herald Square tran- looting. The retailer had seen its sales plummet because of the pandemic. ference.
delays. The union had recently ne- July 30,2020,5:00 p.m.(ET) Bid Deadline
scends that one company,” said 5. Each Successful Bid and any Next-Highest Bid (or if no Qualified August 3,2020,10:00 a.m.(ET) Auction
gotiated a plan with the company Bid other than that of a Stalking Horse Bidder or one Qualified Bidder is August 5,2020,12:00 p.m.(ET) Post-Auction Objection Deadline
received,then the Stalking Horse Bid or the Qualified Bidder,respectively)
more than 100 others offering ment stores, which are generally to reopen the store with precau- will be subject to approval by the Bankruptcy Court.The Sale Hearing shall
August 7,2020,10:00 a.m.(ET) Sale Hearing
Dated: May 29, 2020,Wilmington, Delaware,YOUNG CONAWAY STARGATT
Macy’s, a storied curbside pickup.
“As it relates to reopening, the
still hinged to physical locations
and largely reliant on malls. Since
tions to prevent the virus from
spreading, including a require-
take place on August 7, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).The Sale Hearing may
be adjourned by the Debtor from time to time without further notice to
creditors or other parties in interest other than by announcement of the
& TAYLOR, LLP, /s/ Shane M. Reil, Michael R. Nestor (No. 3526) (mnestor@
ycst.com),Matthew B.Lunn (No.4119) (mlunn@ycst.com),Kenneth J.Enos

retailer, takes another adjournment in open court on the date scheduled for the Sale Hearing or (No.4544) (kenos@ycst.com),Travis G.Buchanan (No.5595) (tbuchanan@
civil unrest does complicate tim- March, J.C. Penney and the ment that all customers wear by filing a notice, which may be a hearing agenda, stating the adjourn- ycst.com), Shane M. Reil (No. 6195) (sreil@ycst.com), Matthew P. Milana
(No. 6681) (mmilana@ycst.com), 1000 N. King Street, Rodney Square,
ing, but we’re taking it day by Neiman Marcus Group have filed masks before being allowed to ment,onthedocketoftheDebtor’schapter11case.
kind of battering. day,” Blair Rosenberg, a spokes- for bankruptcy, Lord & Taylor has shop inside.
6. Any objections to the Sale or the relief requested in connection
with the Sale, including objections to entry of the proposed Sale Order
Wilmington,Delaware 19801,Telephone:(302) 571-6600,Facsimile:(302)
571-1253,CounseltotheDebtorandDebtorinPossession
1
(a “Sale Objection”), other than a Post-Auction Objection (as defined The last four digits of the Debtor’s federal tax identification number,
woman for Macy’s, said in a state- dismissed its entire executive Most of the store’s roughly below) or a Cure Cost/Assignment Objection (which shall be governed is 7778.The Debtor’s mailing address is 1266 East Main St., Stamford, CT
Stuart Appelbaum, the president ment. team, and even Nordstrom, which 3,000 workers have been fur- by the Assignment Procedures) must: (i) be in writing; (ii) be signed by
counsel or attested to by the objecting party; (iii) be in conformity with
06902.
2
Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have
of the Retail, Wholesale and De- Last month, the retailer re- is considered the healthiest chain loughed without pay, but are still the applicable provisions of the Bankruptcy Rules and the Local Rules; the meanings ascribed to them in the Bidding Procedures Order (includ-
(iv) state with particularity the legal and factual basis for the objection ing the Bidding Procedures). Any summary of the Bidding Procedures and
partment Store Union, which rep- ported preliminary first-quarter in the sector, has said it will close receiving health benefits. Many and the specific grounds therefor; (v) be filed with the Clerk of the Court, the Bidding Procedures Order contained herein is qualified in its entirety
resents the store’s workers. “For a net sales of roughly $3 billion, a 45 16 of its 116 full-line stores. are black or Hispanic, and have 824 N.Market Street,3rd Floor,Wilmington,DE 19801,together with proof
of service, on or before 4:00 p.m. (ET) on July 13, 2020 (the “Sale
by the actual terms and conditions thereof. To the extent that there is any
conflict between any such summary and such actual terms and conditions,
lot of people, it represents all of re- percent drop from last year, and Macy’s, which also owns built a career in retailing at Ma- Objection Deadline”), except as to the Committee, whose objection theactualtermsandconditionsshallcontrol.
tail itself.” an operating loss of as much as Bloomingdale’s and Bluemercury, cy’s.
Macy’s, which employs about $1.1 billion. The company has de- was still assessing the losses from “What I am not hearing from
123,000 people nationwide, has layed its formal first-quarter the mayhem. But a spokeswoman our members is how could they do
seen its sales plummet because of earnings report to July 1 because said on Tuesday that no employ- that to Macy’s,” said Mr. Appel-
the coronavirus pandemic and of the disruptions from the pan- ees had been harmed and that baum, referring to the damage to
has been racing to reopen stores demic. “damage has been limited,” a re- the store. “What we are hearing is
as quickly as it can. Macy’s had re- More broadly, the pandemic has sult of New York police officers re- now is the time to deal with sys-
opened 330 as of last week, with dimmed the outlook for depart- sponding to the scene. The Herald temic racism.”
B4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

VIRUS FALLOUT | TECHNOLOGY

U.S. Inquiry
Aims to Fight
Global Taxes
On Big Tech
FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE
prompting the Trump administra-
tion to authorize tariffs on French
wine, cheese and other products.
Officials in both countries agreed
to put their levies on hold — with
French officials saying they would
not collect revenues from their tax
this year — while negotiators with
the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development
tried to broker a multilateral
agreement on digital taxation.
Myron Brilliant, the executive
vice president of the U.S. Cham-
ber of Commerce, criticized the
digital tax proposals that some
countries are considering as “dis-
criminatory and burdensome to
the economy,” but urged a multi-
lateral solution through the
O.E.C.D. “We urge all parties to
double down on those negotia-
tions and avoid unilateral, dis-
criminatory taxes,” he said.
Jason Oxman, the chief execu-
tive of the Information Technol-
ogy Industry Council, a trade
group, said that the organization
was in favor of ongoing multilat-
eral discussions, but that it also
supported the U.S. government’s
new investigations. “While we
WILFREDO LEE/ASSOCIATED PRESS JOHN TAGGART FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
hoped to avoid further escalation
Household names such as Kraft Heinz and the Gap are among the bigger companies with considerably larger work forces that were left out of the federal government’s relief plans. of tensions, increasingly expan-
sive unilateral tax measures have
necessitated a stronger re-

No Relief for Larger, Often Debt-Laden, Companies sponse,” Mr. Oxman said.
The investigations are being
carried out under Section 301 of
By JEANNA SMIALEK for The New York Times. If a large Main Street and the primary mar- ing problems arising from exces- ket, if they don’t when push comes the Trade Act of 1974, which gives
WASHINGTON — One of the biggest number of companies are left out ket corporate bond facility — are sive leverage, international price to shove, conditions could deterio- the government broad authority
questions surrounding the gov- of support programs and go out of the ones included in Mr. Hanson competition and concerns about rate sharply. to respond to unfair practices that
ernment’s efforts to help busi- business, “it’s likely to be very and his colleagues’ analysis. long-term viability,” Senator Sher- “The high-yield market might hurt U.S. commerce. The adminis-
nesses struggling amid the coro- costly and leave permanent scar- Some of the firms that those di- rod Brown, the highest-ranking really think that there’s a Fed put tration has used the same legal
navirus pandemic is whether the ring to our productive capacity.” rect government programs miss Democrat on the Senate Banking right now,” he said, referring to a provision to initiate a trade war
programs are constructed in a Their analysis is only a starting — think the Gap, Dell Technolo- Committee, wrote in a letter to the financial promise to buy if prices with China, which resulted in tar-
way that will prevent a wave of point. Many private companies gies and Kraft Heinz — are house- Fed chair, Jerome H. Powell, and dip below a certain level. “At some iffs on roughly $360 billion of Chi-
bankruptcies, keeping a short- are also excluded, but information hold names with huge work Mr. Mnuchin on May 18. point, if that comes unglued, you nese products.
term shock from turning into about those firms is harder to forces. If such companies were to The Fed has helped risky com- have a real problem.” In addition to India, Brazil, Brit-
drawn-out economic pain. run into problems gaining access panies less directly. One of its cor- Companies with low bond rat- ain and the European Union, the
come by, so the authors do not ac-
A new analysis from a group of to cash, it could precipitate job porate bond programs will buy a ings could have a particularly Office of the United States Trade
count for them.
Harvard University researchers cuts, the researchers said. limited amount of junk-bond ex- large ripple effect: Five million Representative said it would in-
“This is almost like the tip of the vestigate taxes in Austria, the
suggests that the answer, should iceberg,” Mr. Hanson said. But there is a reason the busi- change traded funds, which trade employees work at big companies
ness relief programs have avoided like stocks but track a broad bas- excluded based on their junk or Czech Republic, Indonesia, Italy,
markets turn ugly again, might be After the pandemic forced
directly betting on more debt- ket of corporate debt. That, along unrated status. A smaller number, Spain and Turkey.
no. states to go into varying degrees
laden big companies. Including with the mere signal that invest- about two million, work at medi- “President Trump is concerned
Highly indebted public compa-
shakier businesses in the Main ment-grade bond purchases are um-size firms left out for their that many of our trading partners
nies that employ millions of peo-
are adopting tax schemes de-
ple are largely left out of the major Little to no access to Street facilities or the corporate
bond program would increase the
coming, has breathed life back
into choked bond markets, includ-
debt levels.
About 1.1 million are at compa- signed to unfairly target our com-
direct relief options that Con- panies,” Robert E. Lighthizer, the
gress, the Federal Reserve and direct assistance has risk that companies would fail to ing for junk debt. nies that are technically eligible
trade representative, said in a
the Treasury have devised to help pay the Fed and the Treasury But the fact that a group of com- for the Paycheck Protection Pro-
companies make it through the big firms at the mercy back, ramping up the chances that panies has little to no access to di- gram because of their industry statement. “We are prepared to
take all appropriate action to de-
the lending programs would lose rect assistance — essentially leav- classification, but are unlikely to
pandemic.
Much of that is by design. Poli-
of market conditions. money and — ultimately — cost ing those firms at the mercy of tap it because they have access to fend our businesses and workers
taxpayers. market conditions — could come other capital markets and the against any such discrimination.”
cymakers have prioritized getting While the U.S. has been part of
help to businesses that came into of lockdown in March, tanking Adding in risky companies at a cost if things worsen again, in Treasury has tried to deter such
the multinational digital tax dis-
the coronavirus crisis in good revenues and freezing the finan- could also expose the Fed and the which case borrowing is likely to firms from using the program, Mr.
cussions, negotiations ran into
health, lowering the chances that cial markets that companies tap to Treasury to accusations that they become more difficult for high- Hanson said.
trouble this year, shortly before
taxpayers will wind up bailing out raise cash, the government an- bailed out companies that private yield companies that do not actu- Mr. Stein and Mr. Hanson said
the spread of the coronavirus
big companies that loaded up on nounced a suite of programs to equity firms had loaded with debt ally have Fed support to back they would recommend broad-
plunged countries around the
risky debt. It could also help offi- help corporations make it to maximize profits. And Demo- them. ening the Fed’s programs to in- world into lockdowns. The Trump
cials avoid the kind of angry criti- through. cratic lawmakers have specifi- “You have to be a little careful clude some, but not all, lower- administration had been pushing
cism that surrounded 2008 bank The Paycheck Protection Pro- cally warned against helping com- about assuming you can just do rated companies. for a provision that would effec-
and auto company rescues. gram for small businesses — cre- panies that were struggling head- things with magic,” said Mr. Stein, While the Fed has shown some tively allow some American com-
But it leaves a slice of America’s ated and funded by Congress and ing into the crisis. the analysis co-author who is a willingness to consider lending to panies to choose whether to be
companies fending for them- operated by the Treasury and the The Fed should “refrain” from former Fed governor. While mar- some riskier companies — the governed by any new tax system
selves amid the sharpest down- Small Business Administration — using the Main Street program “to kets might assume the central Boston Fed president, Eric Rosen- created by a global agreement.
turn since the Great Depression, extends loans to companies em- help companies paper over exist- bank will step in to help the mar- gren, has said the central bank The companies that are most
putting them at greater risk of ploying up to 500 people, with may expand the Main Street pro- likely to be affected by many
bankruptcy and their workers at some exceptions. The loans are gram — there would be challenges countries’ digital taxes are Ameri-
greater risk of job loss. forgivable as long as those busi- Who Can Receive Aid? to providing much broader help can technology giants, including
Publicly traded firms that em- nesses meet program criteria, through central bank lending. eBay and Google, but some pro-
Publicly-traded businesses with high-yield ratings and indebted mid-size
ploy about 8.1 million people — which require them to hang onto The Fed is not legally allowed to posals could apply to any large
companies are ineligible for direct government relief.
roughly 26 percent of all employ- workers. gamble on companies that are in- companies that do business on-
ment at tracked publicly traded To help bigger companies, Con- solvent, an imprecise term but line, not just tech firms.
Eligible and ineligible public companies, by number of employees
companies — are all or mostly ex- gress turned to the Fed, which can one that could soon apply to many Jordan Haas, the director of
cluded from direct government set up emergency lending pro- 15 businesses that have faced trade policy for the Internet Asso-
relief, based on an analysis by grams in times of economic trou- 0 5 10 million months of reduced revenues. It ciation, whose members include
Samuel Hanson, Jeremy Stein and ble. Lawmakers gave Treasury could also be the case that more Facebook, Google and Amazon,
Adi Sunderam of Harvard, along Secretary Steven Mnuchin $454 debt, the only medicine the cen- said in a statement, “The U.S.
Eligible: Large with investment-grade debt
with Eric Zwick of the University billion to back up such efforts. tral bank can offer, is not a good must continue sending a strong
of Chicago. The Fed’s midsize business op- solution for already-floundering message to trading partners that
Not all of those companies are tion, called the Main Street pro- Eligible: Mid-size without too much debt companies. targeted discriminatory taxes
likely to run into trouble, some gram, is in the process of getting Groups focused on workers against U.S. firms are not an ap-
have deep-pocketed investors be- up and running and will offer Not eligible: Large with low bond ratings Gap, Dell and Kraft Heinz point out that the Fed lending pro- propriate solution,” he said.
hind them and others made poor loans to companies with up to are among the ineligible grams lack toothy employment A Google spokesman, Jose Cas-
financial choices that left them 15,000 employees or $5 billion in Not eligible: Mid-size with too much debt companies. requirements, so it is possible that taneda, reiterated that the com-
vulnerable to shock. But exclud- revenues. Those with especially even if the central bank could find pany supported efforts to reach an
ing a broad swath of employers high debt levels cannot tap it. Gray Area: Large food and hospitality a way to support such companies, international deal on digital taxes.
could affect how successful the The Fed’s main big-company it would help shareholders with- In a rare show of bipartisan sup-
government is at preventing relief program will buy newly is- Eligible: Fewer than 500 employees out leading to worker retention. port, Senator Charles E. Grassley,
wide-scale bankruptcies if virus- sued corporate bonds. It is re- “You don’t want to pay off own- Republican of Iowa, and Senator
related economic pain lingers, the stricted to firms with highly rated ers of zombie companies, or peo- Ron Wyden, an Oregon Democrat,
researchers warned. debt, or those that have been Note: Included with large companies with low bond ratings are those with unrated debt. ple who took big risks on oil and said the administration’s investi-
“We’re trying to flatten the downgraded only since the coro- Aid for smaller companies comes in the form of loans, and aid for larger ones is in terms of bond
gas corporations and they didn’t gation was warranted given the
purchases. Food and hospitality companies were granted exemptions to receive small business
bankruptcy curve, or flatten the fi- navirus crisis took hold. loans in some cases, but scrutiny has prompted some companies to return loans. pan out,” said Marcus Stanley, the proliferation of digital taxes
nancial distress curve,” said Mr. Those three programs — the policy director at Americans for around the world. “As we have
Hanson, who refined the analysis Paycheck Protection Program, Source: Stein, Hanson, Zwick and Sunderam THE NEW YORK TIMES Financial Reform. previously stated, these digital
services taxes unfairly target and
discriminate against U.S. compa-
nies,” the senators said.
Trade experts have speculated

Tech Center’s Suit Says Social Media Crackdown by Trump Violates Free Speech in recent months about whether
the Trump administration could
try to use its 301 provision as
By KATE CONGER trict Court for the District of Co- held liable for much of the content filing said. ical figures like Mr. Trump. leverage in its efforts to persuade
OAKLAND, CALIF. — President lumbia — is indicative of the push- that is posted on their sites. The The center added, “The order “We’ve been pretty clear on our other countries, including India,
Trump’s crackdown on social me- back that the president is likely to order targets Section 230 of the clouds the legal landscape in policy that we think that it would- to change their trade practices.
dia companies faced a new legal face as he escalates his fight with 1996 Communications Decency which the hosts of third-party con- n’t be right for us to do fact checks The administration tried and
challenge on Tuesday, as a tech- social media companies, which he Act, which internet companies tent operate and puts them all on for politicians,” Mr. Zuckerberg failed this year to announce a lim-
nology policy organization has accused of bias against con- have said is essential to their busi- notice that content moderation said in an interview with Fox ited trade deal with India. The
servative voices. It asks the court ness operations. decisions with which the govern- News. His stance has led to wide- United States has also been nego-
claimed in a lawsuit that he vio-
to invalidate the executive order. Mr. Trump’s order is “plainly re- ment disagrees could produce spread protest by Facebook em- tiating trade deals with Britain,
lated the companies’ right to free
Twitter, which is Mr. Trump’s taliatory,” the Center for Democ- penalties and retributive actions, ployees. Brazil and the European Union.
speech with his executive order
preferred method of communicat- racy and Technology said in a le- including stripping them of Sec- Representatives for Facebook In a statement, a spokesperson
aimed at curtailing their legal pro- ing with the public, faced off with for the British government said
gal filing. “It attacks a private tion 230’s protections.” and the Justice Department de-
tections. him last week after adding fact- that the digital services tax “en-
company, Twitter, for exercising Other social media companies clined to comment on the lawsuit.
The nonprofit Center for De- check labels to two of his tweets its First Amendment right to com- sures that digital businesses pay
have been reluctant to duplicate Twitter thanked the Center for De-
mocracy and Technology says in and later restricting a post in ment on the president’s state- Twitter’s actions. Although Mr. mocracy and Technology for its tax in the U.K. that reflects the val-
the suit that Mr. Trump’s attempt which he said protesters who en- ments.” Trump posted identical comments action. ue they derive from U.K. users.”
to unwind a federal law that gaged in looting would face a vio- The order could also prevent on Facebook, Facebook has not “It is so essential that platforms “Our preference is for a global
grants social media companies lent crackdown. other companies from speaking touched the posts. that host such an enormous solution to the tax challenges
discretion over the content they In response on Thursday, Mr. freely, the organization argued. Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s amount of content be able to take posed by digitalization, and we’ll
allow on their platforms was retal- Trump signed an executive order “President Trump — by publicly chief executive, said last week steps to address and mitigate continue to work with the U.S. and
iatory and would have a chilling asking regulators to chip away at attacking Twitter and issuing the that social media companies widespread misinformation,” said other international partners to
effect on the companies. legal protections that prevent so- order — sought to chill future on- should not be in the business of Alexandra Givens, the chief exec- achieve that objective,” the state-
The lawsuit — filed in U.S. Dis- cial media companies from being line speech by other speakers,” its moderating comments from polit- utive of the center. ment said.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N B5

FINANCE | SOCIAL MEDIA

Deutsche Bank May Be Punished for Its Dealings With Epstein

FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE
An enforcement action against
Deutsche Bank would be the first
taken by regulators against any of
the banks that Mr. Epstein used to
handle his money as he built a for-
tune of more than $600 million, ac-
cording to court filings by his es-
tate. But other financial institu-
tions and bankers are also being
scrutinized by government offi-
cials in the United States and
abroad.
The attorney general for the
United States Virgin Islands,
Denise George, subpoenaed years
of records from First Bank, a
Puerto Rico-based lender that had
provided banking services to Mr.
Epstein for nearly two decades, GABRIELLA N. BAEZ FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

according two people briefed on The U.S. headquarters of Deutsche Bank, left. Denise George, the attorney
that investigation but not autho- general of the U.S. Virgin Islands, claims that Jeffrey Epstein misled
rized to speak publicly. In January, government officials in order to win lucrative tax breaks.
Ms. George’s office filed a civil for-
feiture lawsuit against Mr. Ep-
Leslie Wexner, the billionaire re-
stein’s estate, in which she con-
tends that Mr. Epstein misled gov-
tail magnate who built Victoria’s
Secret into a household name. Mr.
Millions of dollars
ernment officials there for nearly
two decades and used a private is- Wexner gave Mr. Epstein a in transactions
sweeping power of attorney to
land hideaway to engage in sex
trafficking.
JEENAH MOON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
manage all aspects of his financial conducted last year.
cials at Barclays, where Mr. Staley ade, but some bank officials be- according to two of the people affairs, but said he severed all ties
Ms. George is also looking into
became chief executive in 2015. came uneasy about doing busi- briefed on the matter. Mr. Morris, with Mr. Epstein shortly before sis and research.
millions of dollars of transactions
conducted last year — both before Barclays has stood behind Mr. ness with him after his 2008 guilty who left Deutsche Bank for an- his guilty plea. Ms. George, in her civil forfei-
and after Mr. Epstein’s death — at Staley, who has said he had no plea to soliciting prostitution from other firm in 2016, did not respond While Mr. Epstein was a client ture lawsuit, contends that South-
a little-known bank that he had es- contact with Mr. Epstein after a minor in Florida. JPMorgan cut to requests for comment. of Deutsche Bank, his main busi- ern Trust was not in the business
tablished in the Virgin Islands 2015. ties with Mr. Epstein after Mr. Sta- The investigation could provide ness was Southern Trust Com- that it claimed to be in, and that
called Southern Country Interna- Before joining Barclays, Mr. ley left the bank in 2013. a rare glimpse into Mr. Epstein’s pany, which generated more than Mr. Epstein misled government
tional. Staley was a senior executive at That is when Mr. Epstein began mysterious finances. $250 million in revenues during its officials in order to win a lucrative
And bank regulators in Britain JPMorgan Chase, where he working with Deutsche Bank. Mr. Epstein made a significant existence, according to public tax break. She told The New York
are looking into whether James E. helped cultivate that bank’s rela- Paul Morris, a private banker who portion of his fortune while bank- records. Mr. Epstein created the Times in March that her office had
Staley was transparent about the tionship with Mr. Epstein. had recently arrived at the Ger- ing with Deutsche Bank, even company in 2013 and told govern- not yet determined exactly the
details of his relationship with Mr. JPMorgan was Mr. Epstein’s man bank from JPMorgan, though his criminal record had ment officials in the Virgin Islands kind of business Southern Trust
Epstein when describing it to offi- primary bank for more than a dec- brought Mr. Epstein on as a client, cost him his most lucrative client, that it was involved in DNA analy- was in.

Facing Furor, Zuckerberg Defends ‘Tough Decision’ to Let Trump’s Posts Stand
FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE lice that have spread across social
Thursday, was moved up to Tues- media in recent days.
day after hundreds of employees After explaining his thought
protested the inaction by staging process, Mr. Zuckerberg took
a virtual “walkout” on Monday. questions from employees in the
Facebook’s principles and poli- virtual meeting on Tuesday, ac-
cies supporting free speech “show cording to a copy of the call. One
that the right action where we are Facebook employee in New York
right now is to leave this up,” Mr. expressed support for Mr. Zucker-
Zuckerberg said on the call refer- berg’s position. But the vast ma-
ring to Mr. Trump’s posts. The au- jority of questions were pointed
dio of the employee call was heard and the call became increasingly
by The New York Times. contentious.
Mr. Zuckerberg said that Mr. Zuckerberg was asked
though he knew many people whether any black Facebook em-
would be upset with Facebook, a ployees were consulted in the de-
policy review backed up his deci-
cision-making process. He named
sion. He added that after he made
one. A Facebook employee in
his determination, he received a
Austin, Texas, then said that he
phone call from President Trump
felt the company’s political speech
on Friday.
policy wasn’t working and needed
“I used that opportunity to
to be changed.
make him know I felt this post was
One persistent feeling shared
inflammatory and harmful, and
let him know where we stood on among Facebook’s rank-and-file
it,” Mr. Zuckerberg told Facebook came out in a direct moment be-
employees. But though he voiced tween Mr. Zuckerberg and an-
displeasure to the president, he other employee during the call.
reiterated that Mr. Trump’s mes- “Why are the smartest people
sage did not break the social net- in the world focused on contorting
work’s guidelines. and twisting our policies to avoid
The Facebook chief held firm antagonizing Trump?” the em-
even as the pressure on him to ployee asked.
rein in Mr. Trump’s messages in- In a statement, a Facebook
tensified. Civil rights groups said spokeswoman said that “open and
late Monday after meeting with honest discussion has always
Mr. Zuckerberg and Sheryl Sand- been a part of Facebook’s culture,”
berg, Facebook’s chief operating and that Mr. Zuckerberg was
officer, that it was “totally con- T.J. KIRKPATRICK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES “grateful” for employees’ feed-
founding” that the company was Vanita Gupta, one of the civil rights leaders who talked with Facebook officials on Monday, said Mark Zuckerberg “betrayed a lack of understanding.” back.
not taking a tougher stand on Mr. The call did little to soothe the
Trump’s posts, which are often ag- feelings of employees. More than
rights leaders and other angry that promotes violence. leaders as a “hard but meaning- cials there that Mr. Trump’s mes-
gressive and have heightened ten- a dozen current and former Face-
parties to explain the company’s “Facebook will keep moving the ful” one, according to a copy of the sage was inflammatory.
sions over protests on police vio- book employees said the call only
stance. Mr. Zuckerberg has said goalposts every time Trump esca- message viewed by The Times. Mr. Zuckerberg spent the rest of
lence in recent days. deepened the frictions inside the
Facebook does not want to be an lates, finding excuse after excuse On Tuesday in the virtual meet- last Friday morning talking to pol-
Several Facebook employees company; some said that trying to
“arbiter of truth.” He has also said not to act on increasingly danger- ing with employees, Mr. Zucker- icy officials and other experts at
have resigned over the lack of ac- Facebook. He ultimately decided persuade Mr. Zuckerberg to
that he stands for free speech and ous rhetoric,” Mr. Aveni said. berg spent 30 minutes laying out
tion, with one publicly saying the that what world leaders post on- what had happened with Mr. Mr. Trump’s post had not broken change his mind was futile.
Politicians and civil rights orga-
company would end up “on the line is in the public interest and Trump’s posts. He said the presi- Facebook’s policies. “It’s crystal clear today that
nizations have also taken issue
newsworthy. with Mr. Zuckerberg’s position. dent’s looting-and-shooting mes- Mr. Zuckerberg said Mr. leadership refuses to stand with
sage, which went up on Friday, Trump’s post relied on a call for us,” Brandon Dail, a Facebook en-
Trying to calm a But in trying to placate every-
one, Mr. Zuckerberg has failed to
On Monday evening, Vanita
Gupta, who heads the National was immediately spotted by Face- “state use of force,” which Face- gineer, tweeted about the call.
storm that led to a appease almost anyone. Facebook Leadership Conference on Civil book’s policy team. Mr. Zucker-
berg woke up at 7:30 a.m. in Palo
book allows under its guidelines.
He said that in the future, the so- Mike Isaac reported from San Fran-
employees have continued criti- and Human Rights, took part in a
virtual ‘walkout’ by cizing their employer on Twitter, one-hour phone call with Mr. Alto that day to an email about the cial network might reassess that cisco, Cecilia Kang from Washington
LinkedIn and on their personal Zuckerberg, Ms. Sandberg and post. The policy team called the policy, given the photos and vid- and Sheera Frenkel from Oakland,
hundreds of workers. Facebook pages. Some circulated other Facebook officials. After- White House, he said, telling offi- eos of excessive use of force by po- Calif.
petitions calling for change. On ward, she said Mr. Zuckerberg
wrong side of history.” And pro- Monday, hundreds of workers “betrayed a lack of understand-
testers showed up late Monday to participated in the virtual “walk- ing” and compared Facebook’s in- PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that on June 19, 2020 commencing at 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time (the notice there are specific requirements for any potential successful bidder in connection with
Mr. Zuckerberg’s residential out” by refusing to work and set- action on Mr. Trump’s posts to its “Sale Date”), at the law offices of Rich Michaelson Magaliff, LLP located at 335 Madison obtaining information and bidding on the Collateral, including but not limited to execution
neighborhood in Palo Alto, Calif., ting their automated messages to inaction in Myanmar and the Phil- Avenue, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10017, based upon the occurrence of one or more Events of of a confidentiality agreement and a requirement that each bidder must be a “Qualified
one of protest. ippines, where military and gov- Default under certain documents (the “Loan Documents”) copies of which are available for Transferee” (as defined in that certain Intercreditor Agreement (“Intercreditor Agreement”)
and also headed toward the social inspection as hereinafter described, pursuant to such Loan Documents and Article 9 of the concerning, among other things, the Collateral) and that each bidder must deliver such
network’s headquarters in nearby Timothy Aveni, a Facebook ernment leaders have used Face- Uniform Commercial Code as enacted in the State of New York (“UCC”), MSC-Two Tower documents as are required by the Intercreditor Agreement and the governing documents
Menlo Park. software engineer who resigned book to spread disinformation and HoldCo, LLC (“Secured Party”) shall dispose of, by public sale, the right, title, and interest relating to the Collateral.
The internal dissent began after Mr. Zuckerberg’s decision to provoke violence. of TTC Mezz LLC (“Debtor”) in and to the following assets (collectively, the “Collateral”): Secured Party will be permitted to bid at the sale, and notwithstanding any requirement
brewing last week after Face- leave up Mr. Trump’s posts, said Later that evening, Ms. Sand- (i)one hundred percent (100%) of the limited liability company interests in Two Tower herein that the sale of the Collateral be for cash, Secured Party may credit bid all or any
book’s rival, Twitter, added labels on his Facebook page on Monday berg posted on Facebook’s inter- Center LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Premises Owner”); and (ii) all other portion of the outstanding balance of the amounts due under the Loan Documents, originally
that the company wasn’t enforc- nal message board and described “Collateral” (as such term is defined in that certain Pledge and Security Agreement from in the amount of $12,000,000 plus interest, fees and expenses as permitted under the Loan
to Mr. Trump’s tweets that indi- Debtor to Secured Party dated as of August 31, 2018 (the “Pledge Agreement”)) pledged by Documents. Secured Party reserves the right, in its sole and absolute discretion, to (a) set a
cated the president was glorifying ing its own rules to ban speech the conversation with civil rights
Debtor to Secured Party under the Pledge Agreement. The public sale shall be conducted by minimum reserve price, to reject all bids (including without limitation any bid that it deems to
violence and making inaccurate Mannion Auctions, LLC, by William Mannion, Auctioneer, NYC DCA License No. 796322, and/or have been made by a bidder that is unable to satisfy the requirements imposed by the Secured
statements. The same messages Matthew D. Mannion, Auctioneer, NYC DCA License No. 1434494. At the election of Secured Party upon prospective bidders in connection with the sale or to whom in the Secured Party’s
that Mr. Trump posted to Twitter Creditor, the public auction sale may take place by telephonic conference and/or other remote sole judgment a sale may not lawfully be made) and terminate the sale, or adjourn the sale to
electronic means, in which case instructions for participating in the auction shall be provided such other date and time as Secured Party may deem proper, by announcement at the place
also appeared on Facebook. But to all Qualified Bidders. and on the date of sale, and any subsequent adjournment thereof, without further publication
unlike Twitter, Facebook did not or notice, and (b) impose any other commercially reasonable conditions upon the sale of the
Based upon information provided by Debtor, Premises Owner, and certain other persons
touch the president’s posts, in- and entitles affiliated therewith, it is the understanding of Secured Party (but without any Collateral as Secured Party may deem proper in its sole and absolute discretion.
cluding one in which Mr. Trump representation or warranty by Secured Party as to the accuracy or completeness of the The Membership Interests are unregistered securities under the Securities Act of 1933 as
said of the protests in Minneapo- following matters) that (i) Debtor owns one hundred percent (100%) of the limited liability amended. Because of this, each prospective bidder seeking to be a “Qualified Bidder” (as
lis: “when the looting starts, the company membership interests in Premises Owner (the “Membership Interests”); and (ii) determined by Secured Party in its sole and absolute discretion) shall be required, among
shooting starts.” Debtor indirectly owns a total of one hundred percent (100%) of the fee interest in the real other things, to execute and deliver to Secured Party a “Bidding Certificate” certifying, among
property designated as (x) Tract I, Tax Lot 2.21 xlot SFLA 418800, Tax Block 2.02 in the other things, that such bidder: (i) will acquire the Collateral for investment purposes, solely
That decision led to internal Township of East Brunswick, County of Middlesex, State of New Jersey; and (y) Tract II, Tax for its own account and not with a view to distribution or resale; (ii) is an accredited investor
criticism, with Facebook employ- Lot 2, Tax Block 2.02 Qual C0200 in the Township of East Brunswick, County of Middlesex, within the meaning of the applicable securities laws; (iii) has sufficient knowledge and
ees arguing it was untenable to State of New Jersey and, together with Tract I, also known as 2 Tower Center Boulevard, experience in financial and business matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and
leave up Mr. Trump’s messages East Brunswick, NJ 08816 (Tract I and Tract II are together the “Premises”). Based upon risks of investment and has sufficient financial means to afford the risk of investment in the
that incited violence. They said information from the public records, the Premises are encumbered by and subject to, among Collateral; and (iv) will not resell or otherwise hypothecate the Collateral without either a valid
other things, a first mortgage (“Mortgage”) originally made by Premises Owner to Benefit registration under applicable federal or state laws, including without limitation the Securities
Mr. Zuckerberg was kowtowing to Act of 1933 as amended, or an available exemption therefrom.
Street Realty Partners Operating Partnership L.P. (“Original Mortgage Lender”) securing
Republicans out of fear of Face- indebtedness in the original principal amount of $50,000,000 (“Mortgage Loan”). The public sale of the Collateral shall be subject to the further terms and conditions set forth
book being regulated or broken
The Collateral is offered “AS IS, WHERE IS”, with all faults, and neither Secured Party nor in the “Terms of Public Sale” (including without limitation terms and conditions with respect
up. any person acting for or on behalf of Secured Party makes any guarantee, representation, or to the availability of additional information, bidding requirements, deposit amounts, bidding
Mr. Zuckerberg and Ms. Sand- YANA PASKOVA/REUTERS warranty (including, without limitation, any representation or warranty of merchantability or procedures, and the consummation of the public sale), which are available by contacting:
berg have spent the past few days In an internal post, Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook’s chief operating officer, fitness), express or implied, of any kind or nature whatsoever. Each bidder must make its own Newmark & Company Real Estate, Inc.,
meeting with employees, civil described Monday’s conversation as a “hard but meaningful” one. inquiries concerning the Collateral. 125 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017,
PLEASE TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that in addition to any other requirements referenced in this Attn: Brock Cannon, tel. (212) 372.2066, email Brock.Cannon@ngkf.com
B6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

VIRUS FALLOUT | MEDIA | TECHNOLOGY

Scheduled for the Spring, Now Jam-Packed Into the Fall

By ALEXANDRA ALTER Michael Reynolds, Europa’s edi-
In March, when parts of the tor in chief.
United States began shutting Despite widespread bookstore
down because of the coronavirus, closures, book sales have not cra-
the best-selling children’s book tered. Print sales so far this year
author Jeff Kinney faced a dilem- are flat compared with the same
ma. period last year, suggesting that
“Rowley Jefferson’s Awesome readers are still buying, according
Friendly Adventure,” part of his to NPD BookScan.
popular Wimpy Kid series, was Well-known writers, like Su-
due out in April with a first print- zanne Collins, the author of “The
ing of three million copies. His Hunger Games,” as well as John
publisher had lined up a 10-city Grisham and Stephen King, are
tour. weathering the crisis; their fans
In a matter of days, those plans snap up their books and can often
crumbled. “The book was about to find them at big-box stores that
land in stores that were closed to have remained open.
customers at the height of a pan- “The Ballad of Songbirds and
demic,” Mr. Kinney said. Snakes,” by Ms. Collins, has sold
He and his publisher decided to more than 500,000 copies since it
postpone the release until August, went on sale on May 19. Mr. Grish-
in hopes that by then, his tour am’s “Camino Winds,” which went
could be resurrected. Millions of on sale in late April, has sold more
copies are now sitting in ware- than 207,000 copies, and Mr.
houses. “It wasn’t an easy deci- King’s new book, “If It Bleeds,”
sion,” he said. “We knew lots of sold nearly 200,000 hardcover
kids would enjoy the book while in copies in its first month, according
lockdown.” to NPD.
Delaying a book’s publication is “If there’s a retail outlet that’s
a calculation that authors and open and sells toilet paper, that’s
publishers throughout the indus- where you want to be,” said Nan
try have made and wrestled with Graham, senior vice president
in recent months, as the pandemic and publisher of Scribner, which
has devastated the retail land- published “If It Bleeds” in late
scape and led to canceled tours, April.
book fairs, literary festivals and But for writers without a de-
media appearances. As publish- CALLA KESSLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES voted following — especially first-
ers scramble to limit the economic With bookstores largely closed, the publication of numerous anticipated works has been put off, with no guarantee of when conditions will be better. time authors or nonfiction writers
fallout and sales declines driven who depend on news media ap-
by the pandemic, hundreds of pearances to drive sales and at-
books that were scheduled to tention — publishing in a pan-
come out this spring and early demic could pose insurmountable
summer have been postponed, in obstacles.
some cases until next year. In an ominous sign of how far-
Delayed titles include literary off normalcy may be for authors,
fiction by Elena Ferrante and Da- some anticipated works of fiction
vid Mitchell, a book about man- have been bumped to next year.
hood and parenting by the actor Namina Forna’s young adult fan-
and comedian Michael Ian Black, tasy debut, “The Gilded Ones,”
“God-Level Knowledge Darts”
which was due out in May from
from the comedy duo Desus and
Random House Children’s Books,
Mero, and nonfiction by promi-
was postponed until March. Mi-
nent public intellectuals like
chael Sears’s new thriller, “Tower
Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Pankaj
of Babel,” which Soho Press
Mishra. The result is what looks to
Jeff Kinney’s “Rowley Jefferson’s Awesome The literary agent Bill Clegg, whose novel, “The The release of “Super Host,” the debut novel of planned to release this summer,
be an avalanche of high-profile
Friendly Adventure” was due out in April. End of the Day,” was delayed until September. Kate Russo, has been pushed to February. has also been delayed until 2021.
books this fall, in the middle of a
presidential election and a con- “How are those books going to
tinuing health and economic cri- be discovered if they’re not in the
into an increasingly crowded win- Most editors say they are mak- Press postponed 18 titles from its “All the decisions we make are
sis, when consumers may be even stores?” said Bronwen Hruska,
dow for news media attention, re- ing decisions about release dates spring lineup to September. “Our guesswork. None of us know what
more distracted. case by case, weighing factors like thinking was that between the we’re doing.” publisher of Soho Press. “In some
views and bookstore display
“We’re a little afraid of the fall an author’s following, a book’s temporary closure of bookstores For authors with a big interna- cases, we’ve pushed some books
space. Some publishers, particu- really far out.”
season being a gridlock of big larly smaller houses, worry that chances for prominent retail dis- and the distracted state of the me- tional audience, changing a re-
books,” said Jonathan Burnham, play, and whether major news me- dia and the consumer market- lease date is even more compli- In mid-March, Kate Russo was
printing plants will be over- preparing to meet with booksell-
the publisher of the HarperCollins whelmed, which could make it dif- dia appearances or book-club place, they would have a better cated.
imprint Harper, which has moved picks have been scheduled. shot at reaching a broad audience When Europa Editions decided ers in five cities to promote her de-
ficult to keep books in stock. but novel, “Super Host.” The book,
a handful of books, including “Bat- Hachette has delayed fewer that way,” said Elizabeth Branch to push back the publication of Ms.
“Most of us expected that by about a washed-up artist who be-
tlegrounds,” from Lt. Gen. H.R. than 20 percent of its titles and has Dyson, the press’s executive edi- Ferrante’s novel, “The Lying Life
McMaster, the former national se- largely stayed on schedule with its tor. of Adults,” from June to Septem- gins subletting his London home
curity adviser. best-known authors, said Michael Other publishers have been re- ber, it scrambled to get two dozen as a vacation rental, was shaping
It may not be a bad problem to The publication and Pietsch, its chief executive. luctant to reschedule release international publishers on board. up to be a hit, with strong support
from indie booksellers. But her
have. A flood of eagerly awaited
content is certainly preferable to
promotion machine “Others that rely on retail dis-
play and bookseller recommenda-
dates, because there is no guaran-
tee that things will be better in the
Europa had already printed
150,000 copies of the English publisher, Putnam, postponed it,
the canceled shows, concerts and grinds to a halt. tions, it makes sense to move — fall. Even if more bookstores re- translation by Ann Goldstein, and fearing it would never gain trac-
tion with readers when book-
other events that have disrupted with awareness that there’s going open, customers may still be wary fans of Ms. Ferrante’s “My Bril-
the broader cultural world. to be a huge pileup of books vying of them, and the economic fallout liant Friend” books l would proba- stores were closed.
Still, for publishers, who care- fall, things would be, if not exactly for attention once bookstores re- could worsen. bly have relished the chance to Anticipating a crowded fall, it
fully calibrate their release dates back to normal, pretty close to it,” open,” he said. “Where are you going to move a read her latest while sheltering in moved its release date to Febru-
so big titles land on shopping- said the literary agent Bill Clegg, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt has book to? You’re going to move it to place. But her publisher decided ary. What the retail landscape,
heavy holidays and do not bump whose novel, “The End of the moved more than 30 of its books, the fall, where you have the elec- against publishing the novel when and the world, will look like then is
up against one another, the Day,” was delayed until late Sep- among them Larry Tye’s biogra- tion and all these spring books many independent stores are still anyone’s guess.
changes feel like a high-stakes tember. “Now, two and a half phy of Senator Joseph McCarthy that have moved?” said Morgan closed. “We’re definitely going to lose
game of Jenga. The reshuffling months later, that idea has a dis- and Crystal Smith’s young adult Entrekin, publisher and chief ex- “It felt like it would have been a something by moving these books
has caused logistical logjams, as tant, once-upon-a-time quality to fantasy, “Greythorne.” ecutive of Grove Atlantic, which betrayal of the booksellers that out,” said Sally Kim, the publisher
books by prominent authors move it.” The University of Chicago has postponed just a few titles. have done so much for her,” said of Putnam. “It’s an unknown.”

Australian Journalists Attacked by Police on Live TV Suit Says Google’s Tracking

By RACHEL ABRAMS
and KATIE ROBERTSON
ficers in riot gear and National
Guard soldiers started to disperse
Infringes on Wiretap Laws
The Australian prime minister the crowd. An officer slammed By DAISUKE WAKABAYASHI dresses and search queries.
has called for an investigation into into an Australian camera opera- OAKLAND, CALIF. — Google vio- “We strongly dispute these
how police officers treated two tor, Tim Myers, with a riot shield, lated federal wiretap laws when it claims, and we will defend our-
Australian journalists who were knocking his camera to the continued to collect information selves vigorously against them,” a
covering a protest outside the ground. As Mr. Myers and his col- about what users were doing on Google spokesman, Jose Cas-
White House on Monday. league, the reporter Amelia the internet without their permis- taneda, said. “Incognito mode in
The two journalists, on assign- Brace, started to run, another offi- sion even though they were Chrome gives you the choice to
ment for Australia’s Channel 7, cer appeared to swing a baton at browsing in so-called private browse the internet without your
one of the nation’s major net- Ms. Brace’s back. browsing mode, according to a po- activity being saved to your
works, were among the members Mr. Myers was standing still tential class-action lawsuit filed browser or device. As we clearly
of the news media covering the and filming as the officer against the internet giant on Tues- state each time you open a new in-
slammed into him, with the day. cognito tab, websites might be
demonstration as President
footage airing live on Australian The lawsuit, filed in U.S. District able to collect information about
Trump threatened a crackdown
television. When Ms. Brace came Court for the Northern District of your browsing activity during
on protests in a speech delivered
back into view, she said: “You California, said Google tracked your session.”
from the Rose Garden starting at
heard us yelling there that we and collected consumer browsing The lawsuit said users had a
6:43 p.m. “reasonable expectation” that
were media, but they, they don’t history even if users took steps to
Shortly before a 7 p.m. curfew their communications would not
care.” Washington’s ABC affiliate maintain their privacy. The suit
went into effect in Washington, of- be intercepted or collected when
captured the incident from an-
JOSE LUIS MAGANA/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
said Google also violated a Cali-
other angle and also aired it live. fornia law that requires consent of they were in private browsing
An Australian broadcast team was among the demonstrators that the police
It was the latest example of the all parties to read or learn the con- mode. It also said Google’s prac-
swept up as President Trump made his way to St. John’s Episcopal Church.
rough treatment of journalists tents of private communication.
covering protests by police offi- The complaint focuses largely
cers in the United States. In recent ian ambassador to the United sued a statement of support for on what the company does to col- Challenging the tools
States, Arthur Sinodinos, to look the news media on Tuesday, al- lect and track online activity when
days, dozens of reporters and pho-
into what had taken place, said though he did not directly address users surf the web in private used to collect data
tojournalists documenting pro-
tests have been arrested, hit with Mary Balzary, a spokeswoman for the Channel 7 journalists. browsing mode. Even when a user
opts for private browsing, Google
even during private
projectiles or shoved by the police, the Australian Embassy in Wash- “Freedom of the press is a right
or aimed at with weapons, even ington. that Australians and Americans uses other tracking tools it pro- browsing mode.
Connecticut−Sales 2347 Mr. Sinodinos said in a state- hold dear,” Mr. Culvahouse said on vides to website publishers and
after identifying themselves as advertisers to keep tabs on what
members of the media. ment to The New York Times that Twitter. “We take mistreatment of
Private Country Estate
Bucolic Gated River Sanctuary websites the user visits, according tices “intentionally deceive con-
1500sf CA Ranch 3B 2B 6+AC
Once the officers in Washington he was providing consular sup- journalists seriously, as do all who
Stables Meadows taxes 6K
to the lawsuit. sumers” into believing that they
Privacy &Tranquility OOAK
and National Guard soldiers had port to the two journalists, both of take democracy seriously.” maintain control of the informa-
875K New Milford CT 914-912-6917
whom are Australian citizens. Demonstrators had gathered “Google tracks and collects con-
cleared the area with the help of sumer browsing history and other tion shared with the company and
Massachusetts tear gas, rubber bullets and flash- “I understand that Channel 7 outside the White House to pro- encouraging them to surf the web
Sales 2355 will make a formal police com- web activity data no matter what
bang explosives, Mr. Trump test the death of George Floyd in in private browsing if they want to
safeguards consumers undertake
COUNTRY ESCAPES - 3 HRS TO NYC
walked to nearby St. John’s plaint asking to have the matter police custody on May 25 in Min- maintain their privacy.
MORESI REAL ESTATE PARTNERS to protect their data privacy,” said
THE BEAUTIFUL BERKSHIRES MA
Church and posed for photo- investigated,” Mr. Sinodinos said. neapolis. Mr. Trump, who had However, Google fails to men-
(413)662-2904 moresirealestate.com the complaint, which was filed by
graphs, a Bible in hand. “We are in discussion with the been sheltering in an emergency tion that other tracking tools used
Mark C. Mao, a partner at the law
The treatment of the two Chan- State Department, and they have White House bunker meant to firm Boies Schiller Flexner. by the company may continue to
FLORIDA nel 7 journalists was met with an- offered assistance to identify protect presidents from attacks, Google has faced other lawsuits track users by collecting informa-
ger in Australia, a longtime ally of where the complaint should be previously threatened protesters over its data collection, but this tion such as internet protocol ad-
(2373) targeted.” with “vicious dogs” and “ominous
the United States. Prime Minister one tries to use the Federal Wire- dresses as well as browser and de-
Florida Auction
Scott Morrison asked the Austral- A spokesman for Channel 7, weapons.” tap Act. The statute provides us- vice information, according to the
Craig McPherson, said in a state- Bishop Mariann E. Budde of the ers with the right to sue if their pri- complaint.
Sealed bid by June 10th near ocean.
www.1768Tudor.com 561-702-3757 ment to The Times that the attack Episcopal Diocese of Washington, vate communications are inter- The lawsuit was filed on behalf
Help Wanted 2600 Other points of view on Mr. Myers and Ms. Brace was which includes St. John’s, ex- cepted. The lawsuit claims that of three people with Google ac-
Financial Analyst wanted: generate “nothing short of wanton thug- pressed outrage at the tactics Google intercepts the contents of counts: Chasom Brown and Maria
fin rep, fin analysis, provide fin soln. on the Op-Ed page gery.” used on the crowd to clear a path communication between users Nguyen, both of Los Angeles, and
reqs BA in Finance 6+ mon exp in
biz or fin analysis. CV to: seven days a week. The U.S. ambassador to Aus- for Mr. Trump and denounced his and websites by collecting brows- William Byatt, a Florida resident.
joy@forwardpathway.com
Forward Pathway, Inc. in NYC, NY The New York Times tralia, Arthur B. Culvahouse Jr., is- using the Bible as a prop. ing history, specific website ad- It seeks compensatory damages.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N B7

Commercial Real Estate

An Unexpected Wrench for Big Office Projects

As new towers rise, owners worry whether anyone will still want the space when the pandemic eases.

IRGENS

The developer Mark F. Irgens, whose BMO Tower, right, opened in Milwaukee in mid-April.

and developers were counting on a

Square Feet strong economy to do the work for
By KEVIN WILLIAMS them. For instance, the BMO Tower
was 55 percent leased before the pan-
demic.
Before the pandemic shut down busi- The question facing the owners of
nesses, a robust economy had powered office towers is: Will anyone still want
a building boom, sending office towers the space when coronavirus crisis
skyward in urban areas across the fades?
United States. The coronavirus out- If the economic pain drags on, there
break, though, has scrambled plans and could be long-lasting changes to the
sent jitters through the real estate
way people work and how tenants want
industry.
offices to be reimagined, said Joseph L.
Skyscrapers scheduled to open this
Pagliari Jr., clinical professor of real
year will remake skylines in cities like
estate at the University of Chicago’s
Milwaukee, Nashville and Salt Lake
City. Office vacancy rates, following a Booth School of Business. Some of the
decade-long trend, had shrunk to 9.7 changes — like more spacious elevators
percent at the end of the third quarter — could be costly to put into place, he
of 2019, compared with 13 percent in the said.
third quarter of 2010, according to The pandemic could be a “pivot
Deloitte. point,” Mr. Pagliari said, and that would
Developers were confident that the be bad news for building owners. The
demand would remain strong. But the office towers were designed to be “best
pandemic darkened the picture. in class,” he said, but the pandemic has
“There is a pause occurring as com- suddenly made their most salable
panies more broadly consider their real amenities — common areas, fitness
estate needs,” said Jim Berry, Deloitte’s centers and food courts — into potential
U.S. real estate sector leader. liabilities.
The timing is unfortunate for Mark F. The economic crisis could also spur
high interest rates on debt, which
would cause building values to fall, Mr.
‘Projects are different Pagliari said. That may happen even if
the crisis diminishes in the weeks
than making widgets. ahead.
You can’t stop.’ “The current pandemic has raised
perceptions about the likelihood and
Mark F. Irgens, chief executive of
consequences of future pandemics,” Mr.
the real estate company Irgens.
Pagliari said. Developers who can
factor in such events will gain an ad-
Irgens, whose 25-story BMO Tower in vantage, but any skyscrapers that are
Milwaukee opened in mid-April at the built with pandemic fears in mind are
peak of the statewide lockdown in years away.
Wisconsin. A month later, a small frac- The prospect that workers may want
tion of typical daytime foot traffic was to continue working from home does
passing by as most businesses adhered not worry John O’Donnell, the chief
to the governor’s stay-at-home direc- executive of Riverside Investment and
tive, which expired last week. A restau- Development, which is developing a
rant that was slated for the ground 55-story tower at 110 North Wacker
level was canceled, and three potential Drive in Chicago. The tallest building
tenants have delayed their plans. erected in the city since 1990, it is
Instead of showing off the building’s scheduled to open in August and will be KEVIN MIYAZAKI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
sparkling Italian marble floors and anchored by Bank of America. Other
panoramic vistas of Lake Michigan, Mr. Workers are slowly filling offices at the BMO, but Mr. Irgens thinks it will be the end of the summer before occupancy gets up to 50 percent.
tenants include law firms, many of
Irgens is worrying about who is going which are doing business from home.
to pull out next and what type of corpo- “There is a need for collaboration,
rate landscape he might face when the feet per person toward roomier work- 27,000 square feet, and four more deals serve, the development arm of the
team building, common business cul-
pandemic finally ends. places. totaling 40,000 square feet are near Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
tures and a continuous desire to have
But he is not putting on the brakes. But others say it is too early to tell completion. Saints, is scheduled for completion next
social contact within a business,” Mr.
The BMO had been planned for five when demand for office space will “Deals are still being done,” he said. year. The building, which will have
O’Donnell said.
years, and he has leases to negotiate, return. Jamil Alam, managing principal There will be an appetite for urban, 589,945 square feet of office space, is
The building is 80 percent leased of Endeavor Real Estate Group, said already 80 percent leased.
investors to please, tenants to woo and walkable, mixed-use office envi-
loans to pay off. ahead of its August opening. One ten- the situation would vary by city. ronments, Mr. Alam said, and changes Salt Lake City has been averaging a
ant signed for 40,000 square feet of “There will be winners and losers,” will need to be made in buildings over new Class A office high-rise every
“Development projects are different
than making widgets,” he said. “You office space at the height of the lock- Mr. Alam said, explaining that he thinks time, like fewer touch points on handles decade, and the pace is increasing. Still,
can’t stop; you can’t turn it off. You down, which Mr. O’Donnell took as an denser metro areas like New York and and elevator buttons. the pandemic might put the brakes on
have to continue.” encouraging sign. Boston, which have been ravaged by But projects that have not been that.
Slowly, workers are filling their BMO The building is already being ad- the coronavirus, could find their luster started yet will be paused, said Chris “Anyone who would be coming out of
offices. Managers, who were scheduled justed to meet post-pandemic needs, lost in favor of smaller markets. Kirk, managing principal of the Salt ground speculatively now without the
to report on Monday, constitute about something Mr. O’Donnell said newer Endeavor, which is based in Austin, Lake City office of Colliers, the com- commitment has got to be thinking
15 percent of the building’s occupancy. structures were better able to do. Texas, has a portfolio that includes 15.6 mercial real estate brokerage firm. about their timing,” Mr. Kirk said.
Mr. Irgens thinks it will be the end of Amenities are being updated to be million square feet of commercial real “If you are a developer or landlord or Mr. Irgens hopes to ride out the pan-
the summer before it gets up to 50 touch free. And owners are talking with estate in cities like Dallas, Denver and C.F.O., you are concerned,” he said. demic and continue with other projects.
percent. Without a coronavirus vaccine, tenants about walk-through thermal Nashville. One of its projects, the 20- “Everyone is feeling the impact.” In February, his company broke ground
it may be year’s end before the building imaging to monitor workers and vis- story Gulch Union, will be the largest Salt Lake City is in a better position on a six-story building in Tempe, Ariz.,
approaches a “normal” occupancy, he itors for fevers. office tower in Nashville when it opens to weather the crisis than other mar- and it is moving forward with a
said. The pandemic will result in a demand in August with 324,254 square feet of kets, he added, because Utah has had 235,000-square-foot Milwaukee office
Other developers around the country for more office space, not less, said Paul office space. fewer coronavirus cases than most project that is 42 percent leased.
are also dealing with the fallout, espe- H. Layne, the chief executive of the Smaller markets like Nashville are states and has not been under a state- “My partners in my business are
cially for towers with Class A space, Howard Hughes Corporation, a national well positioned for companies wishing wide lockdown. working really hard to figure out how to
regarded as the highest-quality real commercial real estate developer based to pull up stakes from major metropoli- And the city is experiencing a build- have business continuity, and it is really
estate on the market. In most cases, in Houston. Developers will move away tan areas with higher density and costs, ing spurt downtown. A 24-story Class A hard to do that,” he said. “Things are
new buildings are not fully occupied, from the industry-standard 125 square Mr. Alam said. Gulch Union has leased tower developed by City Creek Re- changing daily.”

Transactions

RECENT SALE RECENT SALE RECENT LEASE

$3million This 2,900-square-foot, three-

story building in Williamsburg has $7.35million This two-story, 7,668-square-foot
building in Astoria was built in $20.87/sq. ft. Imperfect Foods, which offers a
delivery service for cosmetically
229 Kent Avenue (between one vacant retail unit and two 2268 31st Street (between 23rd 1931. It has been occupied by the $120,000 approximate annual rent imperfect produce, signed a
Grand and North First Streets) two-bedroom apartments, both Avenue and Ditmars Boulevard) Postal Service since 1986 and last lease for a 5,750-square-foot
Brooklyn Queens 805 East 139th Street
occupied. The retail space was changed hands in 1990. ground-floor industrial space in
The Bronx
formerly a bar. Buyer: LG Astoria this building in the South Bronx.
Buyer: Mendel Gold Seller: Ditmars Associates Built in 1948, the building is
Seller: Sam Tufnell Brokers: Greg Batista, Todd 74,325 square feet. Imperfect
Seller’s Brokers: Peter Von Der Cooper and Mark Kaplan of Ripco Foods is the only tenant.
Ahe, Shaun Riney and Mike Sal- Real Estate Tenant: Imperfect Foods
vatico of the NYM Group at Mar- Landlord: Altmark Group
cus & Millichap Broker: Andrew Roth of EXR
Somerset

SOPHIA JUNE
Email: realprop@nytimes.com
NYM GROUP AT MARCUS & MILLICHAP RIPCO REAL ESTATE ANDREW ROTH EXR/SOMERSET
B8 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 SCORES ANALYSIS COMMENTARY
N

Planning a U.S. Open Shut to Fans

tate play; they would be required to wear
Adding another tournament on site gloves and not be allowed to handle play-
er towels.
and limiting player entourages With players having been out of official
are among the proposals. competition since March, there has been
discussion of changing the format of
men’s singles matches at the U.S. Open
By CHRISTOPHER CLAREY from best-of-five sets to best-of-three
In an unusual attempt to save two of sets to reduce players’ injury risk. But
the top events in American tennis during Allaster said that was not part of the U.S-
the coronavirus pandemic, the United .T.A.’s current plan.
States Tennis Association has proposed
staging a doubleheader in New York by Venues
moving a tournament that leads into the
United States Open at the U.S.T.A. Billie Arthur Ashe Stadium, the tourna-
Jean King National Tennis Center. ment’s main show court with nearly
The move, under consideration by the 24,000 seats, and the 14,000-seat Louis
men’s and women’s tours, could allow Armstrong Stadium would still be used
foreign players to remain in one place for even without fans. Both are fully wired
the duration of their stay in the United for television and have retractable roofs
States, and establish a safer bubble for that would allow for play to continue in
competitors similar to proposals by the case of rain.
N.B.A. and other sporting leagues. With empty stands, ESPN, the tourna-
The proposal would move the Western ment’s broadcaster, would need to inno-
& Southern Open, a combined men’s and vate to create a compelling atmosphere,
women’s event near Cincinnati, to New but the network has pushed hard for the
York but keep its general window on the Open to happen if it can be held safely.
calendar, leading into the U.S. Open at “Out of crisis comes creativity. I’m not
the same venue. The Western & South- privy to any inside information, but I
ern Open is currently scheduled for Aug. would imagine that there will be all sorts
17 to 23, and the main draw of the U.S. of new bells and whistles with no crowd,”
Open is slated for Aug. 31 to Sept. 13. said Patrick McEnroe, a former player
It is far from certain that either tourna- and longtime ESPN analyst. “What
ment can be played this year, but the ma- about moving cameras? Or miking the
neuver is designed to help draw the players? If ever there were a time to try
needed support of government and pub- it, now would be it.”
lic health officials as they manage the The Bundesliga, the German soccer
outbreak, travel and the economy. It is league that resumed last month without
also unclear, especially given quarantine spectators on site, has used artificial
guidelines, whether enough players crowd noise in its broadcasts to combat
would be prepared to travel to New York, the emptiness.
one of the disease’s centers. Many play- ESPN could do the same at the Open.
ers have gone without income as the “Cheering can be piped in,” Allaster said.
men’s and women’s tours have been shut “We are learning from other sports as
down since mid-March and scores of they go through this journey.”
tournaments have been postponed or
canceled. Player Support
Leaders of the men’s and women’s
tours received the U.S.T.A. proposal this The size of tennis entourages has bal-
week, according to officials at the looned since the 1990s, when it was con-
U.S.T.A. and the men’s and women’s sidered unusual that Pete Sampras trav-
tours, who spoke on condition of ano- eled with a trainer, Todd Snyder. The
nymity because they were not yet autho- WTA has indicated that if its circuit re-
rized to speak publicly about the poten- sumes this year, players will be asked to
tial move. come to events with just one person. The
The tours would need to formally ap- U.S. Open would also reduce traveling
prove the moving of the Western & parties. “An athlete coming with four,
Southern Open from its home in Mason, five, six, seven people is obviously not
Ohio. The U.S.T.A. owns the men’s event going to be possible,” Allaster said.
staged there; Octagon, a sports and en- That could make for some tough
tertainment agency, owns the women’s choices for players who thrive on routine
event. and ample support. “They will panic, I
The tour officials said that there could tell you,” said Sven Groeneveld, who pre-
still be insurmountable obstacles for the viously coached Maria Sharapova and is
plan, including quarantine rules that now working with Taro Daniel. “Because
could require some athletes to self-iso- all of the sudden, they will have to make a
late after arriving in the United States decision on, should I take my agent or
and again in Europe after returning. But physiotherapist or coach?”
those requirements could be changed for Donna Vekic, a Croat ranked 24th in
athletes. women’s singles who was a U.S. Open
“I appreciate that everyone is going quarterfinalist last year, said that she
outside the box to think of solutions in would be “OK to play without fans” but
these circumstances,” said Bethanie that “really the worst thing is if we can
Mattek-Sands, an American once ranked only come with one team member.”
No. 1 in women’s doubles, who has been She added, “I just don’t see how that is
on the WTA player council. “We don’t re- going to be possible and how the top HILARY SWIFT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
ally have anything in the rule books for players are going to accept that.”
Under the U.S.T.A.’s plan, outdoor cafes, usually for spectators, could be converted into recreational areas for players.
this situation. Putting two big tourna-
ments in the same place is definitely on Player Services
the right track because it definitely
makes it a bit easier to control some With fewer people accompanying
things.” them, players could spread out to avoid
If the tournaments can be held, there the close contact that is standard during
would probably be no spectators on site Week 1 in the Open locker room and
— a major shift for the U.S. Open, a training room. Allaster said each seeded
Grand Slam tournament that attracted player could be offered one of Arthur
more than 850,000 fans last year over Ashe Stadium’s unused hospitality
three weeks. suites. To avoid crowding, players will
With the U.S.T.A. set to make a deci- need to book times for locker room or
sion later this month on its Grand Slam, practice-court access, Allaster said. Out-
here is a look at how officials are plan- door cafes, usually reserved for specta-
ning for an Open without fans. tors, could be converted into recreational
areas for players.
“We see them chilling out and having a
Testing coffee and having some jazz musicians
Even without fans or most stadium there,” Allaster said.
workers, rigorous testing would still be To protect their health, players could
required at the tennis center to monitor be restricted to an official hotel, probably
and protect players, support staff and of- outside Manhattan, where they would
ficials. have access to treatment, training and
Stacey Allaster, the U.S.T.A.’s chief ex- testing, and be transported directly to
ecutive for professional tennis, said coro- the tennis center in Queens. DMITRI LOVETSKY/ASSOCIATED PRESS BEN SOLOMON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
navirus testing would be required for “Traditionally, we have not been in-
athletes and members of their teams be- volved in housing for the U.S. Open,” Al- If the Open does-
fore they traveled to New York, perhaps laster said. “We need an effective cen- n’t have its usual
on charter flights from different conti- tralized housing system in place.” crowds, ESPN
nents organized by the U.S.T.A. must find ways
“We will insist on a pretravel health Player Field
questionnaire that they meet with local
to create atmos-
physicians and local doctors, and Despite speculation among players phere on TV.
Covid-19 tests will be required for every- and their agents, Allaster said the Donna Vekic
one,” she said. “They will have to have U.S.T.A. had not seriously considered re- said that top
been symptom-free for a certain period ducing the size of the men’s and women’s players may not
of time before travel and have had no singles draws from 128 competitors. accept smaller
known contact with anyone with Qualifying tournaments could be
scrapped, but no decision has been
support staffs,
Covid-19.”
For those on site, there would be daily made. Whether to hold a doubles tourna- and Roger Fed-
temperature checks and health question- ment is also still being considered. erer hasn’t been
naires, as well as frequent follow-up test- A majority of players on the men’s and enthusiastic
ing for the virus. women’s tours come from Europe. A di- about having no
rective from the U.S. government last spectators.
month granted permission for foreign
Rules and Events pro athletes, including tennis players, to
U.S. Open leaders have pushed unsuc- travel to the United States for competi-
cessfully in the past for in-match coach- tion even if general travel bans exist. It
ing to be allowed in the main draw — an remains unclear whether a quarantine
issue that flared in 2018 when Serena period would be required after arrival.
Williams had a heated confrontation But it is unlikely that all of the stars
with a chair umpire for receiving coach- would make the journey, even for the U.S.
ing from the stands. They might finally Open. Roger Federer, a five-time U.S.
be approval from both tours and their fel- Open singles champion who will turn 39
low Grand Slam tournaments in this spe- in August and has four children, is a pos- KARSTEN MORAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
cial situation to add entertainment value sible no-show and has expressed his lack
for television audiences. of enthusiasm for playing without spec-
Wheelchair tennis is unlikely, but it tators. Others may be more eager.
has not been ruled out. The junior and “I really think if we can pull this off in
legends events would be eliminated. New York after all that has happened, it
There would be no ball kids, but adult will totally be a big inspiration,” Mattek-
ball persons would still be used to facili- Sands said.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N B9

PRO BASKETBALL S C O R E B OA R D

The Site Where the Magic (and 29 Rivals) Could Happen SOCCER

BUNDESLIGA
Team GP W D L GF GA Pts
By BROOKS BARNES
Singing pirates and spinning
The N.B.A.’s HP Field Visa Athletic The
Bayern . . . . . . 29
Dortmund . . . . 29
RB Leipzig . . . 29
21 4 4 86 28 67
18 6 5 80 35 60
16 10 3 74 31 58
Monchengladbch 29 17 5 7 57 35 56
teacups. Mickey Mouse-shaped
waffles. Impossibly chipper em-
Pandemic Home? House Center Arena Leverkusen . . . 29
Wolfsburg . . . . 29
17 5 7 54 36 56
11 9 9 41 36 42
Hoffenheim . . . 29 12 6 11 40 48 42
ployees chirping, “Have a magical Freiburg . . . . . 29 10 8 11 38 41 38
Hertha Berlin . . 29 10 8 11 43 50 38
day.” Stroller gridlock. Schalke . . . . . 29 9 10 10 34 46 37
Pre-eminent sports venue? Cologne . . . . . 29 10 4 15 46 56 34
Eintracht . . . . . 28 9 5 14 46 53 32
Walt Disney World is known for Augsburg . . . . 29 8 7 14 40 56 31
many things, but few people Union Berlin. . . 29 9 4 16 34 52 31
Mainz . . . . . . . 29 8 4 17 37 62 28
would immediately associate it Fortuna Dusseldrf 29 6 9 14 31 58 27
Bremen . . . . . 28 6 7 15 30 59 25
with athletics, unless you count SC Paderborn . 29 4 7 18 32 61 19
endurance walking or Super Bowl Friday, May 29
winners gleefully exclaiming Freiburg 0, Leverkusen 1
their intention to visit, a market- Saturday, May 30
Eintracht 2, Wolfsburg 1
ing gimmick that started in 1987. Hertha Berlin 2, Augsburg 0
Tucked behind oak trees and sabal Hoffenheim 1, Mainz 0
Werder Bremen 1, Schalke 0
palms on the southern edge of the Bayern 5, Fortuna Dusseldorf 0
Florida megaresort, however, is Sunday, May 31
ESPN Wide World of Sports, a Monchengladbach 4, Union Berlin 1
Dortmund 6, SC Paderborn 1
220-acre basketball, soccer, vol- Monday, June 1
leyball, lacrosse, baseball and Cologne 2, RB Leipzig 4
competitive cheer complex that Wednesday, June 3
Bremen vs. Eintracht
serves as an overlooked Disney
Friday, June 5
World engine — and is expected to Freiburg vs. Monchengladbach
soon become the capital of the Saturday, June 6
basketball universe. RB Leipzig vs. SC Paderborn
Leverkusen vs. Bayern
The N.B.A. has been in negotia- Eintracht vs. Mainz
Fortuna Dusseldorf vs. Hoffenheim
tions with Disney to restart its Dortmund vs. Hertha Berlin
season by holding games and Sunday, June 7
practices at the complex. Players, Bremen vs. Wolfsburg
Union Berlin vs. Schalke
coaches and staff would also stay Augsburg vs. Cologne
at Disney World, where Disney ENGLISH PREMIER LEAGUE
owns 18 hotels, ostensibly provid-
THE NEW YORK TIMES; IMAGE BY GOOGLE EARTH Team GP W D L GF GA Pts
ing a protective bubble from the Liverpool . . . . . 29 27 1 1 66 21 82
coronavirus. The yellow-walled The N.B.A. has been in negotiations with Disney to restart its season by holding games and practices at ESPN Wide World of Sports, Man City. . . . . 28 18 3 7 68 31 57
Leicester. . . . . 29 16 5 8 58 28 53
sports complex, which has twice a 220-acre multisport complex in Florida. Players, coaches and staff would also stay at Walt Disney World resort hotels. Chelsea . . . . . 29 14 6 9 51 39 48
Man United . . . 29 12 9 8 44 30 45
hosted the Jr. N.B.A. Global Wolverhampton 29 10 13 6 41 34 43
Championship, has been vacant decamped last year for a new park get into off-court trouble. most luxurious digs, like $1,150-a- since March 12.
Sheffield United 28 11 10 7 30 25 43
Tottenham. . . . 29 11 8 10 47 40 41
since March 15, when Disney near Sarasota, Fla. Disney has not night lake-view villas at Disney’s Arsenal . . . . . . 28 9 13 6 40 36 40
Silver and Robert A. Iger, Dis-
World closed because of the coro- secured a new tenant.) What is the history of sports at Burnley . . . . . . 29 11 6 12 34 40 39
ney’s executive chairman, who Grand Floridian? One blog sug- Crystal Palace . 29 10 9 10 26 32 39
navirus pandemic, causing Dis- Disney World? Everton. . . . . . 29 10 7 12 37 46 37
“Disney-style customer care, of has been leading the talks from gested that the Knicks pitch tents Newcastle . . . . 29 9 8 12 25 41 35
ney to furlough more than 43,000 Disney World, about 20 miles
course, has been drilled into ev- the Disney side, have what you at Fort Wilderness, the resort’s Southampton . . 29 10 4 15 35 52 34
Florida workers. eryone who works there,” Richard southwest of Orlando, opened in Brighton . . . . . 29 6 11 12 32 40 29
might call a bromance. Last sum- $102-a-night campground. Ouch. West Ham . . . . 29 7 6 16 35 50 27
“We obviously have the capaci- Lapchick, director of the DeVos 1971 with one park (the Magic Watford . . . . . 29 6 9 14 27 44 27
mer, they posed for photographs Disney and the N.B.A. have not
ty,” Bob Chapek, Disney’s chief ex- Sport Business Management pro- Kingdom) and added two more Bournemouth . . 29 7 6 16 29 47 27
together — along with Mickey and commented, but there is no Aston Villa . . . . 28 7 4 17 34 56 25
ecutive, said by phone last week, gram at the University of Central parks, Epcot and Hollywood Stu- Norwich . . . . . 29 5 6 18 25 52 21
Minnie — at the opening of the chance that players will be sprin-
adding that he was “very opti- Florida, said by phone on Satur- dios, in the 1980s. Most of the ’90s Wednesday, June 17
mistic” about making a deal with NBA Experience, a two-story in- kled across a dozen hotels. The Aston Villa vs. Sheffield United
day. teractive attraction at Disney league will use one or two. The were about attracting people to fill Man City vs. Arsenal
the league. Chapek noted that the them — especially nontraditional
ESPN complex had “turnkey” Springs, an outdoor Disney World 443-room Four Seasons is high on
Just how Disney-fied is it? visitors. Disney Vacation Club, BASEBALL
broadcasting capabilities, includ- shopping mall. “Disney creates the draft board; it sits inside a
Relax. There are no referees memorable experiences better gated, ultraexclusive area near time-share condominiums aimed
ing an ultrahigh-speed fiber-optic wearing Mickey Mouse ears. in part at empty nesters, opened KOREA BASEBALL
connection to ESPN’s headquar- than anyone,” Silver said at the the center of Disney World called ORGANIZATION
“You will only see a nod and a time. Golden Oak. in 1991. A weddings and hon-
ters in Connecticut. Disney- wink to Disney characters,” Kel- eymoons division opened at the FORMER M.L.B. PLAYERS'
owned ESPN is a top broadcast ley said. Outside the baseball sta- What is the benefit for Disney? What about Major League Soccer? resort in 1992. STATISTICS
partner for the N.B.A., which sus- dium, for instance, there is a stat- And the first Disney World Through June 1
pended its season on March 11. Disney World’s four major theme M.L.S. has also been talking to
ue of Mickey winding up to pitch. parks will reopen in mid-July, but Disney about return-to-play sce- marathon took place in 1994, HITTING LEADERS
The talks with Disney involve a His feline nemesis, Peg-Leg Pete, sparking a year-round runDisney ab h r rbi hr avg
late-July restart to the season. attendance will be severely re- narios, but haggling within the Jose Fernandez, Bears 99 46 21 27 5 .465
wields a bat nearby. stricted, at least at first. A deal league over timing and pay has business. The Wide World of Mel Rojas Jr., Wiz 98 40 22 23 7 .408
“We hope to finalize those plans The facility, which features Sports Complex opened in 1997 to Preston Tucker, Tigers 99 33 18 25 6 .333
soon,” Mike Bass, an N.B.A. with the N.B.A. would give the re- created speed bumps. Jamie Romak, Wyverns 86 23 13 10 2 .267
Spanish architecture (stucco ex- sort a much-needed shot in the An initial proposal had teams tap into the youth sports industry, Tyler Saladino, Lions 68 18 9 13 3 .265
spokesman, said in an email on teriors, arcades, tile roofs), is which was evolving far beyond PITCHING LEADERS
Monday. arm. It would put employees back sequestering at Disney World
draped in ESPN red. ESPN uses to work, offer the invaluable mar- Little League. Disney saw an op- g ip so w l era
Here are some things to con- starting early this month. They Eric Jokisch, Heroes 5 30 27 4 0 0.90
the facility’s 2,500-square-foot keting message that the property portunity to collect fees by hosting Drew Rucinski, Dinos 5 32 30 3 0 2.51
sider as Disney and the league would practice for a few weeks be-
production center, which has eight is safe to visit and generate facili- tournaments, fill hotel rooms, sell Chris Flexen, Bears 5 31 28 2 0 2.61
complete an agreement. fore resuming play into August. Warwick Saupold, Eagles 5 34 17 2 2 2.65
edit bays, for annual events like ty fees and hotel spending. At a theme park tickets and merchan- Dan Straily, Giants 6 33 37 1 2 2.70
Now the league — after pushback
the Orlando Invitational, an early- minimum, analysts said, the dise and deepen teenagers’ affini- (Provided by MyKBO Stats)
What is the Wide World of Sports from the M.L.S. Players Associa-
season college basketball tourna- ty for its brand.
Complex? N.B.A. will spend tens of millions tion — may have some teams re- AUTO RACING
ment. of dollars. “You have the young man or
Everything about Disney World is group in their home markets be-
young lady who is the athlete, and NASCAR-XFINITY
colossal — at 25,000 acres, it is How did the N.B.A. zero in on But the real value for Disney fore holing up at Disney World in
then you have the trailing siblings, CHEDDAR'S 300
nearly twice the size of Manhattan Disney World? would come from ESPN, which early July for a tournament last- and then you have Mom and Dad,
— and the sports facility is no ex- The league considered a number has been starving for live sports to ing several weeks. A league Monday
sometimes grandparents who At Bristol Motor Speedway
ception. Three arenas can be con- of locations, including IMG Acad- broadcast. Michael Nathanson, a spokesman had no comment. Bristol, Tenn.
come,” Kelley said. Lap length: 0.53 miles
figured into 20 basketball courts, emy, the Endeavor-owned sports media analyst, recently estimated M.L.S. would bring at least (Start position in parentheses)
according to Faron Kelley, vice complex in Bradenton, Fla., but that ESPN would lose $481 million 1,200 people to the resort. One pos- How much money does the facility 1. (9) Noah Gragson, Chevrolet, 303 laps,
59 points.
president for ESPN Wide World of two spots stood out on the list: in ad revenue if the N.B.A. did not sible living quarters is Coronado generate? 2. (11) Chase Briscoe, Ford, 303, 49.
Sports, Water Parks and runDis- Disney World and Las Vegas. In complete its season and playoffs. Springs, a 2,345-room Disney ho- Kelley would not provide any fi-
3. (2) Brandon Jones, Toyota, 303, 43.
4. (1) Harrison Burton, Toyota, 303, 40.
ney. The N.B.A. could play two addition to safety — creating that Lapchick called the pending tel that typically hosts conven- nancial information or assess the 5. (22) Myatt Snider, Chevrolet, 303, 36.
6. (8) Daniel Hemric, Chevrolet, 303, 41.
games at once (no fans in the bubble — costs came into account. deal “a huge win-win” for the tions. It underwent a megawatt pre-pandemic health of the sports 7. (21) Brandon Brown, Chevrolet, 303,
stands) and still have a practice It was certainly not lost on Adam league and Disney. renovation and expansion last tourism market. But he estimated 30.
8. (29) Jeremy Clements, Chevrolet,
space. The compound also offers Silver, the N.B.A. commissioner, year. Coronado is also well con- that the complex attracted about 303, 29.
restaurants, a nine-lane track and Where will players stay at the tained; there are no adjoining ho- 9. (23) Josh Williams, Chevrolet, 303, 28.
that Disney is the league’s biggest two million people last year, up 10. (27) AJ Allmendinger, Chevrolet,
field complex, 17 grass playing resort? tels, as is the case elsewhere at
customer, paying an analyst-esti- from 1.2 million in 2007. To com- 303, 31.
fields and a 9,500-seat baseball mated $1.4 billion a year to broad- Fans have been having fun imag- Disney World. pare, the Magic Kingdom, Disney
11. (24) BJ McLeod, Chevrolet, 303, 26.
12. (14) Vinnie Miller, Chevrolet, 303, 25.
stadium, which the Atlanta cast games on ESPN and ABC. ining how Disney World lodging ESPN, Fox Sports and Uni- World’s most popular theme park, 13. (36) Joe Graf Jr, Chevrolet, 303, 24.
14. (25) Timmy Hill, Toyota, 303, 0.
Braves used for spring training Disney World also probably has might be doled out. Should the vision hold soccer broadcast attracts about 21 million visitors 15. (18) Jeffrey Earnhardt, Chevrolet,
for more than two decades. (They fewer opportunities for players to highest-ranked players have the rights. M.L.S. has been shut down annually. 301, 22.
16. (5) Ryan Sieg, Chevrolet, 300, 23.
17. (4) Justin Haley, Chevrolet, 299, 35.
18. (10) Justin Allgaier, Chevrolet,
accident, 297, 38.

A League’s Chorus of Protest Is Missing Only One Voice: The Knicks

19. (26) Colby Howard, Chevrolet, 296, 18.
20. (33) Bayley Currey, Chevrolet, 295, 0.
21. (30) Kody Vanderwal, Chevrolet,
293, 16.
22. (13) Carson Ware, Chevrolet, 289, 15.
23. (35) Tommy Joe Martins, Chevrolet,
By SOPAN DEB tained by ESPN. “As companies in N.C., over the weekend. 284, 14.
24. (17) Chad Finchum, Toyota, 277, 13.
Leadership from every N.B.A. the business of sports and enter- (On Tuesday, the Knicks posted 25. (31) Matt Mills, Chevrolet, clutch,
team — in some way, shape or tainment, we are not any more an all-black photograph on Insta- 268, 12.
26. (15) Jesse Little, Chevrolet, 260, 11.
form — has weighed in on the qualified than anyone else to offer gram, in line with #BlackoutTues- 27. (7) Riley Herbst, Toyota, accident,
256, 17.
death of George Floyd, the 46- our opinion on social matters.” day, an organized action on social 28. (6) Ross Chastain, Chevrolet, 255, 9.
year-old black man who died in Dolan’s response was in stark media meant to highlight the 29. (20) Patrick Emerling, Chevrolet,
accident, 140, 8.
police custody in Minneapolis on contrast to that of other teams in Black Lives Matter movement.) 30. (34) Mason Massey, Toyota, 111, 7.
May 25. Every team, that is, ex- the league and that of several Dolan’s email came a day after 31. (19) Ronnie Bassett Jr, Chevrolet,
engine, 77, 6.
cept the Knicks. players who have joined the pro- Commissioner Adam Silver wrote 32. (28) Joe Nemechek, Chevrolet,
accident, 69, 0.
And the franchise’s owner, tests roiling the nation on nightly. a letter to league employees on 33. (32) Alex Labbe, Chevrolet,
James L. Dolan, made clear on The N.B.A. is the rare sports the matter. “I am heartened,” he overheating, 41, 4.
34. (37) Stephen Leicht, Toyota,
Monday that no such statement league that has outwardly encour- wrote, “by the many members of suspension, 23, 3.
was coming. aged players for years to be so- the N.B.A. and W.N.B.A. family — 35. (16) Jeff Green, Chevrolet, ignition,
19, 2.
“We at Madison Square Garden cially conscious on certain issues: players, coaches, legends, team 36. (3) Austin Cindric, Ford, accident, 8, 1.
owners and executives at all lev- 37. (12) Michael Annett, Chevrolet,
stand by our values of a respectful Police brutality is one of them. accident, 5, 1.
and peaceful workplace. We al- One of the Knicks’ players, point els — speaking out to demand jus- RACE STATISTICS
Average Speed of Race Winner: 71.225
ways will,” Dolan wrote in an guard Dennis Smith Jr., partici- tice, urging peaceful protest and mph.
email to employees, which was ob- pated in protests in Fayetteville, working for meaningful change.” Time of Race: 2 hours, 19 minutes, 3
seconds.
To that end, several team social Margin of Victory: 0.328 seconds.
MARY ALTAFFER/ASSOCIATED PRESS Caution Flags: 12 for 85 laps.
media accounts have been full of Lead Changes: 10 among 6 drivers.
messages from players referring The owner James L. Dolan sent an email to Knicks employees
TV Announcer for Kings Resigns; to Floyd or otherwise referring to on Monday that said in part, “We are not any more qualified
Lap Leaders: H.Burton 0-25; J.Haley 26;
H.Burton 27-45; N.Gragson 46-91; H.Burton
92-128; J.Allgaier 129-175; R.Sieg 176-
the protests. Some teams in the than anyone else to offer our opinion on social matters.” 181; J.Allgaier 182-250; R.Herbst 251-254;

Posted ‘All Lives Matter’ on Twitter N.B.A. have been direct. The
Washington Wizards issued a
J.Allgaier 255-294; N.Gragson 295-303
Leaders Summary (Driver, Times Led,
Laps Led): J.Allgaier, 3 times for 156 laps;
man, was pursued by armed white as the Knicks’ owner has been tu- H.Burton, 3 times for 81 laps; N.Gragson,
By SCOTT CACCIOLA the Black Lives Matter move- statement from their players on 2 times for 55 laps; R.Sieg, 1 time for 6
residents while on a jog in Febru- multuous and mostly filled with laps; R.Herbst, 1 time for 4 laps; J.Haley,
ment. Napear responded, in part: Sunday that said — in capital let-
LOS ANGELES — The Sacra- ary and was killed. losing. 1 time for 1 lap.
“ALL LIVES MATTER. . . . EV- ters — “WE WILL NO LONGER Wins: C.Briscoe, 2; N.Gragson, 2; H.Burton,
mento Kings announced on Tues- TOLERATE THE ASSASSINA- Some teams spoke through He has often clashed with fans, 1; B.Jones, 1.
day that Grant Napear, their long- ERY SINGLE ONE!!!” some of their most visible figures among whom he is largely reviled. Top 16 in Points: 1. C.Briscoe, 300; 2.
The phrase “All Lives Matter” TION OF PEOPLE OF COLOR IN N.Gragson, 291; 3. H.Burton, 274; 4.
time television play-by-play THIS COUNTRY,” adding, “WE or the owners themselves. The To- And his statement also stands in J.Allgaier, 256; 5. R.Chastain, 248; 6.
broadcaster, had resigned, two has often been used dismissively ronto Raptors shared an op-ed on contrast to his own willingness to
A.Cindric, 244; 7. B.Jones, 229; 8. J.Haley,
221; 9. R.Sieg, 215; 10. R.Herbst, 177;
against people noting the specific WILL NO LONGER ACCEPT 11. D.Hemric, 176; 12. B.Brown, 174; 13.
days after tweeting “All Lives THE ABUSE OF POWER FROM social media written by their team be publicly political. During the M.Annett, 170; 14. J.Williams, 155; 15.
Matter” in an exchange with one prejudices faced by black Ameri- president, Masai Ujiri, for The 2016 presidential election cycle,
cans. LAW ENFORCEMENT,” and
of the team’s former players. “WE WILL NO LONGER SHUT Globe and Mail. Dolan spent hundreds of thou- TRANSACTIONS
“If it came across as dumb I sands of dollars to help elect Don-
In addition, Bonneville Interna- UP AND DRIBBLE.” One fran- “A death like this happens,”
apologize,” Napear said in an- FOOTBALL
tional, which owns the Sacra- chise, the Minnesota Timber- Ujiri wrote, “and we rage about it, ald J. Trump as president. He has
other tweet on Sunday night. N.F.L.
mento radio station at which Na- wolves, shared a video showing and the headlines recede, and the also previously weighed in after
“That was not my intent. That’s MIAMI DOLPHINS — Signed RB
pear had co-hosted a sports show, players going to demonstrations. world moves on, and then a few the shooting of a black man. He Malcolm Perry.
how I was raised. It has been en-
announced that it had parted grained in me since I can remem- Representatives for the Knicks weeks later, something else hap- once sang a song about Trayvon
COLLEGE
ways with him. Napear, the com- ber. I’ve been doing more listening did not respond to a request for pens and we’re outraged again Martin with his band, JD & the
TUSCULUM — Named Camden
pany said, had made comments than talking the past few days. I comment. and then we move on, again. We Straight Shot. Some of the lyrics: Boehner assistant women's basketball
that it deemed “particularly in- believe the past few days will The Knicks’ crosstown rival, the have to stop that cycle.” Ujiri had “Who is that walking?/A shadow coach.
sensitive” as protests against po- change this country for the bet- Nets, released a statement the his own altercation with a police in the street/Looks like trouble
THIS DATE IN SPORTS
lice brutality continued to sweep ter!” same day that said, “We mourn officer last year after the Raptors from a judgment seat/There’s no
across the country in the wake of Napear, who was often critical the senseless loss of George won the championship at Oracle good under that hood.” JUNE 3
the death last week of George of Cousins during his time with Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arena in Oakland, Calif. The Knicks were on a pace to
1932 — Lou Gehrig becomes the first
Floyd at the hands of the Minne- the team, also told The Sacra- Arbery and countless others who Michael Jordan, the owner of miss the playoffs for the seventh major league player to hit four consecutive
apolis police. mento Bee in an interview this lost their lives because of racial the Charlotte Hornets, said in a straight season — until the cam- home runs in a game, giving the New
York Yankees a 20-13 win over the
Napear, 60, became embroiled week that he was “not as educated bias.” Taylor, an emergency room statement: “I stand with those paign was postponed because of Philadelphia A's. Gehrig's feat, however, is
overshadowed by the resignation of John
in controversy on Sunday after he on B.L.M. as I thought I was.” He technician who was black, was who are calling out the ingrained the coronavirus pandemic in McGraw, manager of the New York Giants
had an exchange on Twitter with added, “I had no idea that when I shot in her apartment by the po- racism and violence toward peo- March. Shortly after the suspen- for 30 years.
DeMarcus Cousins, a former All- said, ‘All Lives Matter,’ that it was lice in Louisville, Ky., after the ex- ple of color in our country. We sion, Dolan announced that he had 1944 — Bounding Home, ridden by G.L.
Star center for the Kings. Cousins counter to what B.L.M. was trying ecution of a “no-knock warrant” in have had enough.” tested positive for the virus. He Smith, wins the Belmont Stakes by one-
half length over Pensive, the winner of the
asked Napear what he thought of to get across.” March. Arbery a 25-year-old black Dolan’s two-decade-long tenure has since recovered. Kentucky Derby and Preakness.
B10 N THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Those We’ve Lost

Faces From the Coronavirus Pandemic

Ruben Varias Reyes, 79 Alberto

Diplomat Who Questioned Marcos Family’s Spending
Rottura, 77
By RICHARD C. PADDOCK banquets and receptions, and the Stylist to Boldface Names
Ruben Varias Reyes, a Phil- expense accounts of staff, which
ippine diplomat who left the for- sometimes included hundreds of
By SAM ROBERTS
eign service after questioning ex- dollars’ worth of drinks at night-
clubs and escort services for vis- For years, one of Alberto Rot-
travagant purchases by the family
iting V.I.P.s,” Ms. Reyes said. tura’s well-heeled customers ha-
of the dictator Ferdinand Marcos,
Mr. Reyes also questioned ex- bitually paid the same amount for
died on March 25 at St. Mary’s
penditures on dog food by Jose his weekly haircut: $18, without
Hospital in London. He was 79.
Manuel Stilianopoulos, the Phil- tip (none was necessary, his wife
The cause was the coronavirus,
ippine ambassador to Britain at had advised, since Mr. Rottura
said his daughter, Rachel A.G.
the time, who was said to have de- owned the salon). Finally, the
Reyes.
voted a floor of the embassy to his customer volunteered some ad-
In 1974, at age 33, Mr. Reyes was
dogs, an Afghan hound and a vice:
sent from Manila to London to
Great Dane. “Alberto,” he said, “why don’t
serve as the finance attaché at the
Mr. Reyes was eventually re- you raise your rates?”
Philippine Embassy. He had a de-
called to Manila and was offered a “I did,” Mr. Rottura replied.
gree in law and administration
significant promotion to a post at He had, in fact, been too gentle-
from the University of the Phil-
the embassy in Moscow. He de- manly to tell his loyal customer,
ippines and was an army reservist
clined the assignment because he whom he considered a friend.
trained in intelligence work.
saw it is an effort to co-opt him, Since then, and until 10 weeks ago
At the time, Marcos ruled the
and he resigned from the foreign when Mr. Rottura fell ill, the
Philippines by martial law, and his
service in 1982. customer had paid $50 for his
wife, Imelda, was known for her NICOLA LUISOTTI
“It was a difficult moment for haircuts.
international shopping sprees. Joel Revzen worked at the Metropolitan Opera, the Mariinsky Theater and more.
the family,” Ms. Reyes recalled. Mr. Rottura died on May 25 in
They were later accused of looting
“My father ultimately felt that his Manhattan. He was 77. The cause
the Philippine treasury and ship-
decision not to accept the posting was complications of Covid-19, his
ping billions of dollars overseas.
Most of the money was never re-
covered.
was for the good of the family and,
I think, possibly also for his soul.”
Joel Revzen, 74 son Gianluca Rottura said.
Mr. Rottura and his Solingen
scissors attracted a faithful cli-
Mr. Reyes challenged the ex- After Mr. Reyes left his embas- A Precise Conductor and Music Festival Leader entele who valued his talent and
cesses of the Marcos era, includ- sy post, the family remained in
London, where he started a travel his generosity, and his discretion
ing family members’ expendi- elor’s and master’s degrees from the Juil-
and tour agency. By JOSHUA BARONE even more.
tures in London on items such as liard School in New York.
Later, he and his wife, Neria Joel Revzen, a conductor who thrived in He arrived alone from Italy in
Persian rugs, perfume and real es-
regional opera and music festivals, but For a decade beginning in the mid-1970s, 1960 as a teenager. He opened his
tate, his daughter said. At one Gesmundo Reyes, had a success-
ful real estate business. She died Mr. Revzen served as the dean of the St. own salon, became an American
point, he blocked the purchase of whose career also took him to the Metropol-
in 2015. Louis Conservatory, though a majority of citizen and traveled with Judy
luxury cars imported from Ger- itan Opera and the Mariinsky Theater in St.
his career was spent as a conductor — par- Garland as her personal hair-
many. Mr. Reyes is survived by two Petersburg, Russia, died on May 25 at Me-
ticularly as the leader of regional compa- dresser. He returned to the Upper
“He scrutinized spending on children and three grandchildren. morial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in
nies, including Berkshire Opera and Ari- East Side of Manhattan to capture
Manhattan. He was 74. a boldface roster of clients in sa-
zona Opera. Since 2012, he had been the ar-
The cause was Covid-19, the disease tistic director and principal conductor at lons on Sutton Place, Madison Av-
caused by the coronavirus, his wife, Cyn- the festival Classical Tahoe in Nevada. enue and, most recently, Lexing-
thia Rhys, said. Among his champions was the Russian ton Avenue, at Liz Hair Stylist.
Critics often noted Mr. Revzen’s clarity conductor Valery Gergiev, who invited Mr. His clientele included the real
and instinct for shaping drama in music. Revzen to conduct at the White Nights Fes- estate developer Jerry Speyer
One review in The Washington Post de- tival in St. Petersburg. He led operas by Mo- and his wife, Kathryn Farley, the
scribed him as “a graceful and intelligent zart and Rossini, as well as music by Berlioz
conductor who pays attention to the small- and Leonard Bernstein.
est details,” adding, “He is also a fine musi- Starting in 1999, Mr. Revzen was an as-
cian and adept at focusing listener’s atten- sistant conductor at the Metropolitan
tion on the individual voices of his orchestra Opera. Yet he led only one production. It
so that they are lovingly underscored.” was in 2017, when he stepped in on short
Joel Nason Revzen was born on June 27, notice to conduct performances of
1945, in Chicago, to Morris and Selma Tchaikovsky’s “Eugene Onegin.”
Revzen. When he was a junior in high The stakes were high, and the cast, in-
school, he joined the chorus of the Chicago cluding Anna Netrebko, was starry. Ms.
Symphony Orchestra; at the time, he was Rhys — who survives Mr. Revzen along
the youngest person to be accepted. with their daughter, Shira — recalled an-
The orchestra’s music director was Jean other of the Met’s assistant conductors,
Martinon, with whom Mr. Revzen studied Howard Watkins, asking her before the
score reading and conducting. He later at- show whether her husband was nervous.
tended the Chicago Musical College at “Absolutely not,” Ms. Rhys told him.
Roosevelt University, then earned his bach- “This is the situation that Joel was born for.”

VIA REYES FAMILY

Ruben Varias Reyes challenged lavish purchases, including per-

fume, real estate and Persian rugs, by a dictator and his family. Benjamin Smalls, 72 VIA ROTTURA FAMILY

Jailhouse Lawyer and Prison Reformer Alberto Rottura, an immigrant

from Italy, cut the hair of Judy
Marion Wernig, 85, By GLENN THRUSH
Word spread quickly through the Green
Garland, Michael R. Bloom-
berg, Tom Wolfe and others.
Haven Correctional Facility in Beekman,
And Harold Wernig, 87 N.Y., that the Elder Statesman was gone.
Before Benjamin Smalls was imprisoned
chairwoman of Lincoln Center;
the authors Mary Higgins Clark
Sharing a ‘Fierce’ Love Until the End two decades ago, he had been known and Tom Wolfe; and assorted Fer-
around Westchester County, Manhattan ragamos, Fendis and Borgheses.
By STEVEN KURUTZ tary for the Internal Revenue and the Bronx as a hard-driving business- During the 2000s, he cut the
Service, was famed in her family men, juggling real estate holdings, a deli, a hair of New York City’s top two
Harold and Marion Wernig had
for her cooking. He took care of all seafood restaurant, several bars and a elected officials, Mayor Michael
what their three daughters de-
the outside stuff, she took care of nightclub. He was “Ben” back then. R. Bloomberg, a customer since
scribed as a “fierce” love. They
the inside stuff. Mr. Smalls changed in prison, and so did the 1970s, and Betsy Gotbaum, the
could argue like the Bickersons
Decades passed. The couple re- the name people called him. He grew more public advocate.
one minute, and in the next be
tired and moved to Florida. The stoic, and dusted off an old paralegal degree “I gave his children their first
holding hands like teenagers.
family grew to include nine grand- to become steward of the prison’s law li- haircut,” Mr. Rottura said of Mr.
They might get frustrated with
children and 10 great-grandchil- brary, helping hundreds of men file appeals, Bloomberg in an interview with
each other, but woe to anyone else
dren. But through it all, the request transfers or fight restrictions on The New York Times in 2008.
who criticized one of them.
Wernigs were never apart. visitation. Mr. Rottura steered clear of
“They would defend each other In February, when they moved
until their dying day,” said their “We called him Mr. Smalls, or the Elder politics, focusing more on what
into an assisted living facility in Statesman — we never called him anything was on a customer’s head than in-
oldest daughter, Margaret Ann Sayville, N.Y., to be closer to their else,” said Jose H. Saldaña, a former Green side it.
Kern. children, they were handed a Haven inmate and prison reform activist. “I “I’m always very careful with
Their youngest daughter, Linda questionnaire. Asked what is the don’t have a very high opinion of jailhouse what I ask the mayor,” Mr. Rottura
Maynard, recalled her mother most important thing to know lawyers, but Mr. Smalls was different. I said. “But I don’t have a problem
telling her, “The reason our mar- about you, Ms. Wernig replied, “I mean, he really helped people.” telling him a dirty joke.”
riage lasted is because we fight.” don’t want to be away from my Mr. Smalls died on May 4 of the new coro- Alberto Rottura was born on
They met on a blind date at an husband.” Sept. 4, 1942, in Acquaro, a village
ice cream parlor in Richmond Hill, navirus at the Vassar Brothers Medical
Only death, on April 19 at Long Center in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., after a three- of 2,000 people in Calabria. His fa-
Queens, and were married in 1953. Island Community Hospital in ther, Luigi, made wine and olive
He was 20. She was 18. week hospitalization, his daughter Jhana
Patchogue, N.Y., could separate DuPont said. He was 72. oil. His mother, Giovanna, was a
Like so many who came of age them. He was 87. She was 85. The homemaker.
in the Eisenhower era, the His application to Gov. Andrew Cuomo
cause was the coronavirus, said for executive clemency, based on heart is- Alberto began working in a bar-
Wernigs left the city for the sub- their middle daughter, Patricia bershop as a teenager, got
urbs, raising their children on sues and glaucoma, had been pending since
Johnson. through school to the 10th grade
Long Island. They lived in a three- 2018. Three emergency requests were filed
Harold Herbert Wernig was and sailed from Naples to New
bedroom ranch house in Blue on his behalf after the virus started sweep-
born on Aug. 18, 1932, in Queens. York on the S.S. Constitution when
Point, N.Y., with cedar shake shin- ing through state prisons, said Dave D.
Marion Isabel Sganga was born he was 17.
gles, a big bay window and a fire- George, associate director of the Release VIA SMALLS FAMILY
on July 29, 1934, in Brooklyn. He studied hairdressing in Lon-
place. Mr. Wernig, a master crafts- In later years, they loved to
Aging People in Prison campaign. Benjamin Smalls, with his daughter
Mr. Smalls anguished to the very end don and Paris and returned to
man who worked as an electri- watch tennis and golf on TV, and to Jhana DuPont, was the steward of a New York when he was 23 to open
cian, built the house himself. play cards, especially a game about the status of his paperwork. Shortly prison’s law library in Beekman, N.Y., his first salon.
Mr. Wernig set up a workshop in called Hand and Foot. It became a after he died, Ms. DuPont discovered an un- and helped hundreds of fellow inmates.
opened voice mail from her father, gasping He started the restaurant
the basement, where he kept his family tradition. They taught the He was known as the Elder Statesman. Sistina on Second Avenue (it has
tools meticulously organized. Ms. game to their children and grand- into the hospital phone, asking, “How long
since moved to East 81st Street,
Wernig, who worked as a secre- children. will I have to be here?”
male tenant involved in a rent dispute with managed by his nephew Giuseppe
Mr. Wernig began showing Survivors include four children and sev- Bruno). It was awarded two stars
en grandchildren. his sister, according to court records and
signs of sickness in early April. by Bryan Miller of The Times
Benjamin Franklin Smalls Jr. was born in newspaper accounts. He was sentenced to
Days later, he was taken to the when it opened in 1984. Mr. Rot-
hospital. Ms. Wernig followed him Harlem on Dec. 4, 1947. When he was 3, his 39 years for kidnapping and assault.
tura cut hair six days a week and
there the next day. Soon both were father, Benjamin Sr., was killed in a car acci- The narrowing of life in confinement lent
worked at the restaurant seven
on ventilators. dent. His mother, Ernestine, moved to Mr. Smalls the focus that had eluded him in
nights.
When Ms. Wernig was taken off Westchester County with Mr. Smalls and freedom, his family said.
He left Sistina and two years lat-
the ventilator, her family expected two sisters and started a real estate ven- Mr. Smalls joined the “lifers” committee er, in 1997, he established a wine
her to die right away. But she held ture. that met to improve prison conditions at boutique, In Vino Veritas, on First
on for 60 hours, dying at 2 a.m. Mr. Mr. Smalls graduated from Mount Ver- Shawangunk, the maximum security pris- Avenue, which is run by his sons,
Wernig’s ventilator was removed non High School in 1965, bounced in and out on in Ulster County, where he was first Gianbruno and Gianluca, who sur-
later that day and he stopped of college and worked briefly as a back-of- held; Later, after he was transferred to vive him along with his wife, Lil-
breathing within a half-hour. fice manager on Wall Street. But he soon Green Haven, he anchored a discussion iana, two grandchildren, a brother
Their children eventually made struck out on his own, managing his fam- group on issues confronting inmates, part and a sister.
peace with losing both parents at ily’s buildings, then running restaurants, of a project connecting Yale Law School stu- Mr. Bloomberg, in a phone in-
once. bars and clubs — where he felt most at dents with prisoners. terview, hailed him as “the ulti-
“Now, we tend to feel comfort in home. He would chat up customers and be- Mr. Smalls was running a legal practice mate immigrant.”
that,” Ms. Johnson said. “And friend musicians who performed in his out of a one-man cell so overstuffed with “Alberto was honest, scrupu-
comfort in the sense that they places, including the soul singer Cuba documents that prison authorities peri- lous, hardworking, the kind of per-
were together. It was their day. Gooding Sr., who became a close friend. odically ordered him to declutter. son we want to come to this coun-
VIA WERNIG FAMILY
They stayed together, they went That bustling life came to an ugly, abrupt “Every time I saw Benny, he would give try,” Mr. Bloomberg said. “He
The Wernigs met on a blind together.” end on Oct. 3, 1998, when Mr. Smalls was 51. me legal papers to store,” said Glen R. Skin- worked for everything he ever got
date, were married for 67 years That day, April 19, was the cou- Aided by an accomplice, he abducted, ner, a friend who visited him every few and gave it all to the next genera-
and died the same day. ple’s 67th wedding anniversary. threatened and assaulted at gunpoint a fe- months. “I still have them.” tion."
 THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N B11

Wes Unseld, 74, a Hall of Fame Center The N.B.A.’s rookie

of the year and M.V.P.
Who Rebounded Relentlessly, Is Dead in the same season.
By RICHARD SANDOMIR erhouse who, it was said, could tial players of his era,” adding,
Wes Unseld, a Hall of Fame cen- block out the sun. He fixed his op- “Wes elevated the game by mas-
ponents with a glower, set bone- tering the fundamentals.” most people don’t notice. They
ter and indefatigable rebounder weren’t in high scoring or dunking
who was only one of two N.B.A. rattling picks and planted himself Unseld had a career average of
under the basket with steely de- 14.0 rebounds a game; in his rook- or behind-the-back passes.”
players to be named rookie of the Unseld was named a vice presi-
year and most valuable player in termination to grab rebounds ie season, 1968-69, he finished sec-
against much taller centers like ond in the league off the boards, dent of the Bullets by the team’s
the same season, died on Tuesday. owner, Abe Pollin, on the day he
Wilt Chamberlain, Nate Thur- behind Chamberlain, averaging
He was 74. announced his retirement. Early
mond and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. 18.2. He and Chamberlain are the
His family confirmed the death Over 13 seasons with the Balti- only players in N.B.A. history to be in the 1987-88 season, when the
in a statement posted on the more, Capital and Washington named rookie of the year and team had an 8-19 record, Unseld
Washington Wizards’ website, Bullets (now the Washington Wiz- m.v.p. in the same season. Unseld replaced Kevin Loughery as head
saying that he had received diag- ards), Unseld’s teams went to the was named to five All-Star teams. coach.
noses of pneumonia and other ill- N.B.A. finals four times and won In a phone interview on Tues- Unseld brought stability to the
nesses. The statement did not say the league’s title in 1978 over the day, Willis Reed, the Hall of Fame team, which won 30 of its next 55
where he died. Seattle SuperSonics. Unseld was Knick center who played against games and made the playoffs. But
At 6-foot-7, Unseld was under- named the series’ M.V.P. Unseld for nearly a decade, re- he never had a full winning season
sized for a center. But at 245 He would later coach the team called their physical battles dur- as coach or another playoff ap-
pounds he was a wide-bodied pow- and serve as its general manager. ing both the regular season and pearance.
In a statement, Adam Silver, the the playoffs. After the final game of the 1993-
Daniel E. Slotnik contributed re- N.B.A. commissioner, called Un- “You always wanted to make 94 season — a victory over the
porting. seld “one of the most consequen- sure you got a good night’s sleep Charlotte Hornets — Unseld an-
before you played against him,” nounced that he was stepping
Reed said. “He was most con- down to return to the front office.
sciously a rebounder — he could He was named general manager
shoot, but he didn’t emphasize two years later and served in that
that part of his game — and felt role until 2003, except for an 18-
that if he did his job right, by get- month period in 2000 and 2001,
ting the defensive rebound and when Michael Jordan replaced
making the quick outlet pass, they him as general manager. (Emerg-
would score quickly.” ing from retirement, Jordan left in
Unseld had learned the outlet 2001 to play for the Wizards.)
pass at Seneca High School in Unseld’s survivors include his
Louisville, Ky., and by the time he MARUCCI/ASSOCIATED PRESS
wife, Connie; his daughter, Kim-
arrived in the N.B.A. he had mas- berley; his son, Wes Jr., who is an
Wes Unseld of the Bullets grabbing a rebound against the assistant coach with the Denver
tered it. He would grab a defensive
rebound and, in almost the same Hawks in 1979, a year after he led Washington to an N.B.A. title. Nuggets of the N.B.A.; and two
motion, turn and throw a pinpoint grandchildren.
fastball downcourt to a teammate father was employed by Interna- in 12 of Unseld’s 13 seasons, mak- Unseld, who was known for his
like Earl Monroe, Phil Chenier or tional Harvester and later worked ing it to the finals against the Mil- off-the-court work during his
Gus Johnson, who would be racing in construction; his mother was a waukee Bucks in 1971 and the playing career, founded Unselds’
downcourt on a fast break. school lunchroom manager. Golden State Warriors in 1975 be- School, a private elementary
That skill was ideal for Unseld, Unseld was heavily recruited by fore beating Seattle in seven school, with his wife in 1978. She
who was unselfish about his scor- colleges after leading Seneca High games in 1978. Unseld averaged has served as the school’s princi-
ing. While other players could School in Louisville to two state nine points and 11.7 rebounds in pal and director, and their daugh-
have emulated him, few did. championships. He chose the Uni- that series. The next season, in a ter has taught there.
In 2015, he told The New York versity of Louisville, where he av- repeat finals appearance, the Bul- “I’ve always been involved,”
Times: “When you throw that out- eraged 20.6 points and 18.9 re- lets lost to the SuperSonics in five Unseld told Press Box, a website
let pass, you’re not going to get the bounds a game over three sea- games. The team, known as the that covers Maryland sports, in
ball back.” But others, looking for sons. He was a consensus All- Wizards since 1997, hasn’t been to 2016, “ but most of the time I just
more glory, he said, “would re- American in 1967 and 1968. the finals since. did lawns and painting and that
bound the ball and they would The Bullets chose him as the Unseld retired in 1981 with type of thing. Then I actually re-
hold it, give it to a guard to dribble second player in the 1968 N.B.A. 10,624 points and 13,769 rebounds, tired and started doing adminis-
it up, and then post up and get the draft; a future teammate, Elvin career totals that led to his elec- trative work.”
ball back so they could score.” Hayes, was selected first, by the tion to the Naismith Memorial Connie Unseld added: “I could-
“It just depends on how you look San Diego Rockets. The Bullets Basketball Hall of Fame in Spring- n’t exist without Wes — the money
at the game.” improved dramatically in Unseld’s field, Mass., seven years later. behind the scenes, the inspiration.
FOCUS ON SPORT/GETTY IMAGES
Westley Sissel Unseld was born rookie year, winning 57 games, up “I never played pretty, I wasn’t You know, he’s a very bright per-
Unseld guarding the Bucks’ Kareem Abdul-Jabbar in the early in Louisville on March 14, 1946, to from 36 the previous season. flashy,” Unseld once said. “My son. I lead with my heart, but he’s
’70s, when the Bullets were in Baltimore. “I wasn’t flashy,” he said. Cornelia and Charles Unseld. His The Bullets were in the playoffs contributions were in the things the grounded person.”

Patricia Reed Scott, 86; Helped Bring Hollywood East

By SAM ROBERTS ton-worthy feat when she cleared demonstrate that New York City ton during a production of Luigi
Patricia Reed Scott, who was in- Times Square of vehicles and pe- could flexibly accommodate truly Pirandello’s play “Six Characters
strumental in transforming New destrians for two hours early one large-scale demands for major in Search of an Author,” then
York into Hollywood-on-the-Hud- Sunday so that a panicked Tom studio productions.” worked with him in summer stock
son as the city’s film, television Cruise could sprint through it dur- By 2000, according to a study near Detroit, where they placed a
and theatrical production pro- ing a dream sequence for the 2001 commissioned by the city, the in- bet on a long-shot horse named
moter under two mayors, died on film “Vanilla Sky.” dustry spent $5 billion in New Pat Again and won $600, enough
May 23 in Neptune, N.J. She was Ms. Scott served as director of York making feature films, televi- to stake them for their search for
86. the Mayor’s Office of Film, The- sion programs and commercials Broadway stardom.
The cause was a subdural he- ater and Broadcasting under Ed- and employed about 70,000 peo- She and Mr. Scott married and
ward I. Koch from 1983 to 1989 and ple. Mr. Sanders said Ms. Scott lived in a cold-water flat while he
matoma sustained in a fall, her
as commissioner of the office un- had “successfully guided the city’s worked overnight in a bank and
son, Matthew Scott, said.
film and television production in- spent days auditioning. Ms. Scott
A former singer and host of an
dustry though a delicate and im- co-founded a company called Stu-
Emmy Award-winning television
portant time, setting the ground- dio Duplicating Service, which
series on aging, Ms. Scott played a work for its dramatic later expan- typed and copied scripts. When
major but invisible role in the hun- Emptying Times sion in the 2000s and 2010s.” her husband was cast as Richard
dreds of productions she helped
lure to New York in the 1980s and Square for hours for Alan Suna, chief executive of
Silvercup Studios, a New York
III in 1957 in Joseph Papp’s New
York Shakespeare Festival, she
’90s.
As defunct factories were trans-
a Tom Cruise movie. City-area production company, re- publicized his sudden success and
called working with Ms. Scott found him an agent.
formed into television studios and “when the industry was just build- Their marriage ended in di-
sound stages, the city was reborn ing momentum” in the city. “She vorce in 1960. In addition to their
as a film mecca, recapturing its der Rudolph W. Giuliani from 1994 was one of its earliest advocates,” son, Matt, she is survived by a
early-20th-century primacy, to 2002. he said, “lobbying to bring more daughter, Devon Scott; and a
which prevailed before the indus- “There is no point in trying to production work to New York.” grandson. Mr. Scott died in 1999 at
try decamped to California to reinvent something when, in fact, Shirley Patricia Reed was born 71.
evade Thomas Edison’s motion the original invention was the on March 1, 1934, in Portsmouth, Ms. Scott turned to music, be-
picture patents and unpredictable very best,” Mr. Giuliani said when Va. Her father, Frank Stovall coming a nightclub jazz singer
East Coast weather. he appointed her. Reed, was a chief petty officer in who appeared, in some cases, on
Ms. Scott’s former husband, Her second stint was book- the Navy. Her mother, Mary Ellen the same bill with Sarah Vaughan
George C. Scott, won (and re- ended by two economic crises: a (Hudson) Reed, owned a grocery. and Barbra Streisand and per-
fused) an Oscar for playing the Hollywood boycott of production Pat, as she became known, per- formed on “The Today Show.”
swaggering George S. Patton in in New York in the early 1990s to formed publicly for the first time Then, with rock superseding jazz JON KASKEL
the 1970 film about the World War protest what studios considered as a 5-year-old, when, accompa- in popularity, she shifted careers Patricia Reed Scott in 1979. She led New York City’s film office
II general, but it was Ms. Scott exorbitant labor costs, and the nied by her mother, she appeared and joined the Harry Walker
who actually did perform as a kind under Mayor Edward I. Koch and Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani.
Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, on a local radio program to read Agency, which represented cli-
of real-life field general when she which had a devastating effect on Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Tell-Tale ents for speaking engagements.
commandeered the Brooklyn the entertainment industry. Heart” and sing a song. In the 1970s, Ms. Scott was hired office, where she initiated Early for crowd control and boasted of
Bridge for three hours one Sunday “In her seven years in between, If she was smitten by the stage, to handle public relations for the Stages, a program to familiarize the pool of creative talent and
morning so that Bruce Willis however,” James Sanders, the au- she patiently waited until she city’s Department of the Aging. In young people with live theater. postproduction facilities.
could order Army tanks across the thor of “Celluloid Skyline: New graduated from George Washing- 1976 she won two Emmys for pro- To attract filmmakers, the city “It’s always been our position
span to corner supposed Arab ter- York and the Movies” (2001), said ton University with a degree in ducing the television series “Get- offered incentives like tax abate- that we don’t censor scripts,” Ms.
rorist sympathizers in the 1998 in an email. “Pat was able to en- English before pursuing a career ting On” for PBS. She was a depu- ments and low-interest loans and Scott said, adding that her office
thriller “The Siege.” courage and nurture growth of the in the performing arts. ty press officer under Mayor Koch expedited the permit approval gave a film a good review if it
Ms. Scott pulled another Pat- film industry, and, importantly, She met Mr. Scott in Washing- before he appointed her to the film process, provided police details made money for the city.

Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths

Alladice, Darryl Hertz, Seymour Moore, Peter fourth grade. Her generosity, open and love unconditional- with Einstein serving as the MAAS—Harrison D. Moore; the Rev. Kate Norris
ly. In lieu of flowers, memor- moving to Charleston, SC. De- (the Rev. Sean Norris); and
optimism, cheerfulness, en- incubator of new knowledge. The board, advisory council,
Arthur, Lois Lamm, Norman Vladimirov Javacheff ial gifts can be made to the cade after decade, Peter was David Moore (Alexandra
thusiasm and love will be His courage in giving Einstein staff, and membership of the
Adaptive Sports Foundation, an unswerving, tireless agent Moore MSN CRNP) and two
Carey, Moreen Maas, Harrison greatly missed. Services and its autonomy to grow secured NYC Audubon Society mourn
Windham, NY. of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. grandchildren, Rhyan Norris
interment private. Visit the success of our institu- the sudden loss of Harrison
He was a man who served and Skylar Norris. Instead of
www.lehmanreen.com for tion's development and repu- D. Maas on Memorial Day.
under the Bible and not flowers, the family requests
guestbook HERTZ—Seymour. tation. The Board, adminis- Harry first joined the board
above it, fighting to keep the
tration, and faculty mark Dr. when our organization was a that a donation be given to
ALLADICE—Darryl. Scarsdale, NY. After graduat- The partners, counsel, asso- church he knew and loved in FOCUS; P.O. Box 1027; 140
ing from Scarsdale H.S., she ciates and staff of the firm of Lamm's death with the deep- fledgling and served as its
a place of obedience to Scrip- Elm Street; New Canaan, CT
was awarded a B.A. from Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton est appreciation of his intel- President from 2011 to 2016. A
ture. Peter also had an unre- 06840 or to Trinity School for
Smith College in 1956. In 1960 & Garrison LLP express pro- lectual accomplishments and consummate and generous
lenting passion to reach the Ministry, 311 Eleventh St.;
she married her beloved, found sorrow at the death on contributions to the College birder, he was a fixture
CAREY—Moreen Cahill. next generation for Jesus Ambridge, PA 15003.The me-
Wallace Arthur. In January Sunday, May 24, of our for- of Medicine. among the regulars in Cen-
Christ, as evidenced by the morial service arrangements
they celebrated with their fa- mer corporate partner, cur- Gordon F. Tomaselli, M.D. tral Park. Harry took great
men and women who came will be announced at a later
mily 60 years of happy matri- rent Of Counsel, friend and The Marilyn and Stanley M. pleasure in introducing new
to know Christ through Pe- date.
mony. They raised their three colleague, Seymour Hertz. Katz Dean people to wild birds, the Prai-
ter's work from pulpit to pub-
sons, David (Riva), Edward We express our deepest sym- Philip O. Ozuah, M.D., Ph.D. rie Warbler being a favorite.
lic debate, classroom to ten-
(May) and Stephen in Har- pathies to his wife Elaine and President and CEO Our heartfelt sympathy ex-
nis court, ski retreats to one-
rington Park, NJ. In turn their the Hertz family. Montefiore Medicine tends to his beloved sons, An-
Edward R. Burns, M.D. drew, Kevin, and Michael.
on-one lunches, truly any- VLADIMIROV
three sons have produced where he went. He leaves a JAVACHEFF—Christo.
four grandchildren: Adrienne, Executive Dean Kathryn Heintz,
LAMM, Norman. Albert Einstein College Executive Director
global legacy that is sorely The entire Publicolor family
Isabel, Emma and Brent. Also Albert Einstein College of missed. It was not by coin- is deeply saddened by the
surviving are her cherished of Medicine Jeffrey Kimball, President
Medicine and Montefiore cidence that Peter died on the passing of our special friend,
sister and brother-in-law Ca- mourn the death of Rabbi Dr. eve of Pentecost: Peter lived Christo, whose work we ad-
rol and Raymond Tillman Norman Lamm, president MOORE—Rev. Dr. Peter C., and breathed through the mired greatly. Our sym-
and family. While a mostly emeritus of Yeshiva Univer- 83, peacefully entered into power of the Holy Spirit. Pe- pathies to all who loved him,
stay at home mother until her sity. During Dr. Lamm's eternal life May 30 in Mt. ter held degrees from Yale especially Vladimir and Jo-
Father, husband, actor, writer
and educator - made his tran-
youngest went to high school, years, in partnership with LAMM, Norman. Pleasant, SC. Born in Scars- University, Oxford Universi- nathan.
she earned an M.A. from Einstein Dean Dominick Pur- We are the Chair and former dale, NY, Peter was an inno- ty, Episcopal Theological Se- Ruth Lande Shuman,
sition on May 15 at age 65 Fairleigh Dickinson Universi-
from sickle cell disease with pura, the College of Medicine Chairs of Albert Einstein Col- vative leader, mentor, minary and Fuller Theologi- founder/president
ty, following which she taught grew and became interna- lege of Medicine, which was preacher and author for cal Seminary, where he
his family by his side. Raised there for 13 years. While she Moreen Cahill Carey, of Point
in Harlem and Crown tionally renowned as a founded by Yeshiva Universi- more than 50 years. He cur- earned his doctorate. He
always gave high priority to Lookout , NY, was born in the powerhouse of biomedical ty and is now associated with rently served as the director served in parish ministry at
Heights. Taught in Boston her family, she was a strong Bronx, NY to Dr. John Cahill VLADIMIROV
and New York City public research and as an education the Montefiore Health Sys- of the Anglican Leadership All Souls Episcopal Church,
feminist as attested to by her and Genevieve Campion Ca- innovator incorporating me- tem. At every point of his Institute since 2016, training East McKeesport, PA. Peter JAVACHEFF—Christo.
schools for over 30 years and volunteer work with the hill on January 18, 1945. She The American Academy of
mentored many more young dical ethics and social justice career, Rabbi Dr. Norman leaders in the world-wide An- later served as rector of Little
League of Women Voters, peacefully passed away in into its training of future phy- Lamm was a staunch suppor- glican Church in servant lead- Trinity Anglican Church, a Arts and Letters notes with
people. Darryl loved poetry, Planned Parenthood and her home on May 30, 2020. sorrow the death of the vi-
coffee shops, Motown, the sicians. His efforts in the late ter of Einstein and, through- ership, all the while serving historic parish in downtown
many politicians who sup- She is survived by her hus- 1970s contributed greatly to out his tenure he did every- as a scholar in residence at Toronto. Peter was also a sionary artist who, in partner-
Mets and Miles. He is adored ported these groups' ideals. band Edward, seven children, ship with Jeanne-Claude, or-
by his wife, Joy, daughter, Yeshiva's financial recovery, thing within his power to see St. Michael's Church, in gifted academic and the au-
She was a talented pianist 17 grandchildren, and five which solidified Einstein's that the school thrived. To us, Charleston, SC. Peter served thor of several books, includ- chestrated works of public art
Zuri, his large extended fami- who especially loved the siblings. She will always be that were as monumental as
ly and the New York City arts own financial base and al- he was the epitome of Torah as director of the Council for ing: A Church to Believe In;
works of Chopin and Schu- remembered for her spon- lowed the medical school to Umadda, his phenomenally Religion in Independent Disarming the Secular Gods; they were ephemeral.
community. In lieu of flowers, mann. With “Wally” she trav- taneity and love of adven-
please donate to One Breath grow and thrive. Rabbi successful mantra and book. Schools in New York City and, One Lord One Faith: Getting
eled to over 60 countries, of- ture. In a world full of closed Lamm wrote about and Each of us proudly holds an at that time, started FOCUS Back to the Basics of your
Rising, which he founded. On- ten to see the art of Peter doors and closed hearts she
line celebration on June 3 at championed the concept of Honorary Doctorate from (Fellowship of Christians in Faith in an Age of Confusion;
Bruegel, whom she “met” in has taught us all to remain Torah Umadda, which is ge- Yeshiva. Universities and Schools) in Can a Bishop be Wrong? Ten
5:00pm ET. See:
onebreathrising.org for info. nerally interpreted to mean Roger W. Einiger 1962. FOCUS seeks to bring Scholars Challenge John
Yeshiva and, perforce Ju- Chair, Albert Einstein College Christ to students attending Shelby Spong; and From Dry
daism as a religion, exist to of Medicine independent Secondary Bones: Reflections on an Un-
integrate religious study of Ruth L. Gottesman, Ed.D. Schools along America's East predictable Life. Peter wrote
Torah with excellence and Chair Emerita, Albert Ein- Coast. He then served as the for the Carolina Compass a
ARTHUR—Lois (Shiller) growth of secular science and stein College of Medicine fourth dean/president of Tri- prolific and impactful column
A 19 year resident of Med- intellectualism. His vision al- Ira M. Millstein nity School for Ministry and called “Moore to Ponder.” He
way, MA passed away on lowed the University to see to Chair Emeritus, Albert as its first president of the is survived by his wife, San-
May, 30 2020. She grew up in the spiritual half of the dyad Einstein College of Medicine board of trustees, before dra; three children: Jennifer
B12 N THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Elsa Dorfman, Polaroid Portraitist With 200-Pound Camera, Dies at 83

By RANDY KENNEDY
In 1980, a little-known Boston
photographer named Elsa Dorf-
man got a chance to use a rare Po-
laroid camera that weighed 200
pounds and produced prints two
feet high, a Godzilla of a device
that dwarfed her.
It could not have been more dif-
ferent from the small cameras she
used to shoot friends and poets
like Allen Ginsberg and Anne
Waldman. But she was smitten
with the Polaroid’s power to ren-
der a painting-size image so rap-
idly that she and her subject could
watch the likeness materialize to-
gether before their eyes. “I was in
love,” she said.
Polaroid deployed the cameras
as public relations tools, often re-
serving them for famous photog-
raphers. But Ms. Dorfman pur-
sued the company so relentlessly
(“I nagged them and I nagged
them”) that it finally agreed to let
her lease one for herself.
Over the next three decades,
she directed her big Polaroid to
such profound and meaningful
ends that the company probably
should have paid her for its use.
Operating from the basement of
an office building in Cambridge,
Mass., she ran a portrait studio
through which flowed generations
of newlyweds, new parents,
grandparents and extended fam-
ilies, as well as dying cancer pa-
tients, circus clowns, coifed poo-
dles, lesbian motorcycle gang
members and celebrities like Julia Julia Child in 1992 and Allen Ginsberg in 1996. Ms. Dorfman
Child and Faye Dunaway. became a devoted friend of Mr. Ginsberg and other poets.
Ms. Dorfman insisted that she
didn’t consider herself an artist.
But her work, which placed her
within a lineage of commercial
portraitists reaching back almost
to photography’s birth, added up
nonetheless to an extraordinary
collective portrait of her time, one
whose constituent parts now re-
side in major museum collections.
Ms. Dorfman died on May 30 in
Cambridge, Mass., where she had
lived for more than 50 years. She
was 83. Her husband, Harvey Sil-
verglate, said the cause was kid-
ney failure.
Ms. Dorfman’s intention with
the Polaroid, she told the film-
maker Errol Morris in his 2016
documentary, “The B-Side: Elsa
Dorfman’s Portrait Photography,”
was to try to get as close as possi-
ble to what she saw and felt, a mis-
sion she pursued with a sense of
almost tragic humility.
“If you’re a photographer al- PHOTOGRAPHS BY ELSA DORFMAN

ways nailing down ‘What’s the Elsa Dorfman in a 2007 self-portrait with her instant camera of choice, the Polaroid 20x24.
now?’ ” she said in the film, “it
doesn’t matter how much you try.
company that acquired Polaroid pose of total naturalness and total where she worked as a secretary
The now is racing beyond you.”
materials. “Typically, two or three attention — ‘sonomama.’ As my at Grove Press during its heyday
In a sense, Ms. Dorfman was
people run one of these things.” work on this camera has evolved, as a Beat Generation clubhouse.
racing against time almost from
As unwieldy as the camera I have come to realize that my por- She befriended poets like Gins-
the moment she embarked on her
could be, Ms. Dorfman’s concerns traits are about affection and sur- berg, serving as what she called
Polaroid work. The company en-
about her photographs were more vival.” their devoted and decidedly
tered a precipitous decline in the
1980s, outpaced by photographic philosophical than technical. She As she told Mr. Morris: “The square “handmaiden,” helping
technology. Before declaring camera is like a fork or a spoon. them manage their correspon-
bankruptcy in 2001, it closed sev- It’s an instrument you eat your dence and readings schedules.
eral factories, and in 2008 it soup with. It’s not the soup.” The poet Gary Snyder sent her
To criticism that her work was a Mamiya camera from Japan in
ceased mass production of the
film and chemicals she needed to
‘In love’ with a device not sufficiently deep or critical, 1967, and she began using it tenta-
tively at first, feeling that she did
make her prints, meaning she had
to rely on a stockpile maintained
that created a giant that too many people in her pic-
tures were smiling, she added dis- not possess the temperament of a
by Polaroid enthusiasts. image in moments. missively that unhappiness was
burden enough: “You don’t need
real photographer. “Except that I
was a starer,” she wrote in “Elsa’s
“It’s dwindling, and I’m dwin-
dling,” she said in an interview to walk around with a picture of Housebook: A Woman’s Photo-
it.” journal,” a book of her black-and- pensive — but soon realized that man and Jane Steele.
with The New York Times in 2016
wanted her subjects to be able to Elsa Susan Dorfman was born white portraits, published in 1974. she had taken 30. On the occasion of Ms. Dorf-
as she began ramping down her
studio’s operations. present themselves as they saw on April 26, 1937, in Cambridge, “I looked at everything and stared “No wonder they were aghast,” man’s first career retrospective,
But for as long as it lasted she fit, with her own sensibility kept the eldest of three daughters of at everyone.” she wrote of the company’s offi- which opened at the Museum of
reveled in the imperiled, defiantly outside the frame. Arthur and Elaine (Kovitz) Dorf- It was Ginsberg and his partner cials. “The amaryllis we had Fine Arts in Boston in February, a
analog nature of her work, which The closest she came to an art- man. Her father was a fruit and Peter Orlovsky who were her en- brought to the studio went from reporter for The Boston Globe re-
required sheer physical stamina ist’s statement, pinned to her stu- vegetable buyer for the Stop & tree to the Polaroid world. The tight shut to full bloom under the counted one of her favorite quota-
in wrestling the prints from the dio door, said of her subjects, “I do Shop grocery chain; her mother company agreed to subsidize a studio lights. I was hooked.” tions, borrowed from André Bre-
camera’s wooden body. not try to probe or illuminate their was a homemaker. Ms. Dorfman photo shoot if the two were her In addition to her husband, a ton, who regarded it as a riddle.
“She ran this camera alone for souls.” It added: “They embrace grew up in the Roxbury section of subjects. Ginsberg held an prominent civil liberties lawyer Ms. Dorfman, on the other hand,
30 years, which is kind of insane,” their uneven features and the Boston and Newton, Mass. amaryllis and in short order shed and writer, Ms. Dorfman is sur- considered it a way of life: “Seeing
said Nafis Azad, former director cowlick that won’t stay down — She studied French literature at his clothes, as did Orlovsky. Ms. vived by a son, Isaac Dorfman Sil- you for the first time, I recognized
of photography for the 20x24 Stu- even the few extra pounds. The Tufts University and, after gradu- Dorfman was supposed to take verglate; two grandchildren; and you without the slightest hesita-
dio, a now-closed Massachusetts Japanese have a word for this ating, moved to New York City, only 10 exposures — each was ex- her sisters, Sandra Phyllis Dorf- tion.”

Pat Dye, 80, Coach Who Elevated Auburn, Pat Dye in late 1988 during a
practice for the Sugar Bowl.
He led Auburn to five top-10
Reshaped a Rivalry and Left After a Scandal finishes in his 12 seasons.

By ALAN BLINDER Dye reshaped the very archi- starting on both defense and of- ments to players, a violation of the
Pat Dye, who revived Auburn tecture and culture of the rivalry fense. National Collegiate Athletic Asso-
University’s football program and that consumes the state, espe- “He had so many assets as a ciation’s amateurism rules. When
made it a power of the Southern cially in November. Irritated by player — quick, creative — as Dye learned of possible violations,
gridiron but ultimately saw his how the annual Iron Bowl show- great of a competitor as I ever the N.C.A.A. wrote in a report in
reputation and that of the school downs were played at the not- played with,” Fran Tarkenton, a 1993, he effectively ignored them
undercut by scandal, died on Mon- truly-neutral Legion Field in former Georgia quarterback who because he did not believe Ram-
day in Auburn, Ala. He was 80. Birmingham, which essentially had an 18-year Hall of Fame ca- sey’s parallel charge that racism
The university announced the served as an Alabama stronghold, reer in the N.F.L., said in a state- had infected Auburn.
Dye was largely responsible for ment, adding, “He loved the physi- “Had there been a commitment
death, at a hospice facility. Bill
bringing the series to Auburn’s cal contact, he liked to mix it up.” on the part of the athletics depart-
Harris, the coroner for Lee
home stadium regularly. After stints in Canadian football ment staff to investigate possible
County, Ala., said the cause was
When the game was first played and the Army, Dye was hired as an violations of N.C.A.A. rules when
complications of kidney and liver
in Auburn in 1989, he coached the assistant coach at Alabama in they came to light, this case might
failure. He said Dye had tested
1965 by Bear Bryant, who was be-
positive for Covid-19 but had been never have occurred, or it possibly
ginning to make the Crimson Tide
asymptomatic. would have been only a secondary
a mainstay of the biggest bowl
Under Dye, Auburn — its teams violation,” the association said.
variously featuring one of the Bringing some games games. Dye remained at Ala-
bama, in Tuscaloosa, for nine sea-
BILL HABER/ASSOCIATED PRESS “Because that did not occur, very
serious major violations were
most skilled running backs ever to
play the college game, a top pick in
against Alabama to sons, helping to turn it into a foot- in 1981, was inauspicious, ending vanquishing Bryant in his final committed by members of the
ball dynasty and recruiting play- with a 5-6 record. For Dye’s sec- Iron Bowl appearance.
the National Football League his team’s stadium. ers who would reliably torment ond season, though, a tailback The next season brought the
football coaching staff and repre-
sentatives of its athletics inter-
draft and a defensive tackle who Auburn in Iron Bowls.
was later memorialized in a mural from suburban Birmingham first of Dye’s four Southeastern ests.”
He also led teams at East Car- named Bo Jackson arrived on Conference titles, and in 1985 he
at the university’s Jordan-Hare olina University and the Univer- Dye, who was divorced, is sur-
Stadium — contended for national Tigers to a 30-20 victory. campus. Nebraska walloped Au- coached Jackson to the Heisman vived by four children — Brett
sity of Wyoming. It was at Auburn, burn early in the season. Then
glory and became a counter- “This is the reason we work you Trophy, college football’s most Dye, Pat Dye Jr., Missy McDonald
however, that Dye became a na-
weight to its in-state archrival, the in the summertime, in January came losses to Florida and Geor- revered individual honor. and Wanda Dye — and nine
tional figure.
University of Alabama. and February and in the spring,” gia. Yet none of Dye’s dozen teams grandchildren, as well as Nancy
When he arrived in Auburn, in
He had a 99-39-4 record at Au- Dye told his team afterward. eastern Alabama near the Geor- But in Alabama, just about any at Auburn won a national champi- McDonald, his partner for 18
burn in 12 seasons. Five of his “This is the reason we push you gia state line, the football program campaign can be fully redeemed onship, almost certainly keeping years.
teams finished their seasons beyond what you think you can do, was in what counted as a crisis in a by a win in the Iron Bowl. In the him, Finebaum said, from being “a Although Dye resigned from
ranked in the top 10. to experience moments like this.” Southern college town. In the five 1982 rendition, Alabama led late in Mount Rushmore coach in the Auburn with the school in turmoil,
“Pat Dye could have won any- Patrick Fain Dye was born on years since Ralph Jordan, one of the fourth quarter when Auburn SEC.” he remained a campus fixture.
where; he was the toughest coach Nov. 6, 1939, in Augusta, Ga. He the university’s most celebrated faced a fourth-and-goal from in- Dye’s simultaneous service as Last year, in the Iron Bowl, the Ti-
I’ve ever seen or been around or later recalled that the frustration coaches, had retired, the football side the 1-yard line. Dye agreed to the university’s athletic director gers upset Alabama, 48-45, knock-
covered,” said Paul Finebaum, the of often losing to two older broth- team had managed just two win- a play that relied almost exclu- contributed to scandals that tem- ing the Crimson Tide out of con-
ESPN commentator whose long- ers whenever they competed ning seasons. Auburn had last sively on the freshman Jackson, pered his on-field successes and tention for a national champi-
time radio show out of Birming- against one another in sports had won a national title in football in handing him the ball and having led to his exit in 1992. Most nota- onship.
ham, Ala., was in essence a broad- forged a toughness that was on 1957 — and it had watched Ala- him leap over a swarm of linemen bly, Eric Ramsey, a defensive The euphoric crowd in Auburn
cast barroom brawl between dis- display when he played football bama win six since then. for a touchdown. back, had secretly recorded Au- rushed onto what had by then
ciples of Auburn and Alabama. for the University of Georgia, The new coach’s first campaign, Auburn hung on to win, 23-22, burn coaches discussing pay- been named Pat Dye Field.
3 MUSIC 5 BOOK REVIEW

Opera’s crowds are now a A novel exposes

void. BY ANTHONY TOMMASINI
6 POP MUSIC
the bleak state of
#BlackoutTuesday’s stand on modern India.
social media. BY JOE COSCARELLI BY PARUL SEHGAL

NEWS CRITICISM WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 C1

N

MICHAEL KIMMELMAN AN APPRAISAL

Pandemic
Puts Strain
On Lifeline
For the Arts
Some organizations, staggered
by upheaval, are dipping
heavily into their endowments.
By GRAHAM BOWLEY
and JULIA JACOBS
Endowments have long been viewed as the
bedrock upon which the long term financial
health of arts organizations are built —
money that was painstakingly accumulated
and protected over decades to finance the
future.
They are not rainy day funds, or pots of
gold to be casually raided to cover some un-
foreseen expense. A manager who dipped
into theirs excessively, taking out more
than the widely embraced standard of 5 per-
cent, could put themselves at risk of being
cast as shortsighted, or worse, a spend-
thrift.
But the coronavirus pandemic has chal-
lenged that orthodoxy because so many
largely dormant museums, orchestras and
ballet troupes are facing unmatched finan-
cial problems.
So elite organizations like the Lyric Opera
WOLFGANG VOLZ/CHRISTO of Chicago and the Los Angeles Philhar-
monic — institutions with veteran leader-
ship and a track record of solid financial
management — now feel they have to blow
past the stop signs.
The Lyric plans to spend $23 million from
its $173 million endowment this year, almost
triple what it typically takes. It canceled its
season in March, furloughed staff and cut
salaries, but is still facing a huge deficit.
“This is an unprecedented situation,”
said Anthony Freud, the Lyric’s general di-
rector.
The Los Angeles Philharmonic is draw-
ing down $37 million from its endowment,
more than twice what it would normally
take, to offset crippling losses of revenue
from performances, including its season at
the Hollywood Bowl.
The story is much the same for the New
York City Ballet. It had planned to take
roughly $11 million from its endowment, or
the typical 5 percent. Faced with a looming
CONTINUED ON PAGE C4

AMANDA HESS
CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK

Behind
The Mask?
Civic Action
A basic piece of protection has
EARL WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES
become a political flash point.

Christo’s Billowy Visions,

IT IS THE PANDEMIC’S DEFINING SYMBOL, a
visual stand-in for the coronavirus itself. In
America, the medical mask used to be con-
fined to hospital dramas and operating
rooms, but now the bare face is what regis-
ters as a choice. The mask is a public health

Fleeting but Unforgettable

device, but it has also revealed itself as a
mask in the more traditional sense: a tool in
a social ritual, a fetish object that signifies a
person’s politics, gender expression and re-
lationship to truth itself.
To its supporters, mask-wearing is a visu-
The artist brought conceptual art to the masses, al expression of civic duty, an affirmation of
generating no small measure of happiness and awe. scientific authority and a show of respect.
To its critics, it is a sign of weakness, emas-
It was a frigid, gusty morning. The two of culation and deceit. Most Americans accept
I’M SORRY I NEVER GOT TO ask Christo about them wore identical parkas. From the car, the medical benefits of masks, but the ones
Gabrovo, the Bulgarian city where he was they inspected their troops, watching as the who do not are, more often than not, Repub-
born in 1935. He died this weekend, at 84, a fabric was unrolled from the tops of the lican and male. Their rhetoric dovetails
dreamer with a cultish following to rival the gates, the bright vinyl flapping in the wind, with racist ideas about Asian cultures,
Grateful Dead’s and a legacy that has al- the twisting rows of gates lighting up the where wearing a mask in public has long
ways seemed a wry, humane retort to the gray, somnolent, wintry park like streamers been normalized. And it improvises on dec-
cultural diktats of the Soviet bloc. in a fireworks display. Jeanne-Claude’s hen- ades of work on the right to stitch the words
Back in February 2005, I drove with naed hair was a shade of orange darker “effete” and “liberal” together, painting a
Christo and Jeanne-Claude, his wife and than the vinyl. Christo filled the car with whole swath of the political spectrum as a
collaborator, at zero hour, when an army of nervous, ecstatic chatter and the scent of feminine affectation.
paid helpers wearing matching gray garlic, which he consumed like vitamins to Among their ranks is R. R. Reno, editor of
smocks and deployed along 23 miles of foot- ward off illness. the conservative religious journal First
paths unfurled “The Gates” in Central Park Crowds cheered them like ticker-tape he- Things (“Masks = enforced cowardice,” he
— all 7,500 of them, made from 5,390 tons of roes as they drove by. wrote in a Twitter rant about the mask “re-
steel and more than a million square feet of A running joke on David Letterman’s gime”), and Donald J. Trump. (“Somehow, I
saffron-colored vinyl. The operation cost show, “The Gates” turned out to be a fleet-
RICHARD DREW/ASSOCIATED PRESS
don’t see it for myself,” he said, even as he
millions of dollars. As with all of their public ing gift to the city, a joy to millions, a provo- The installations “Surrounded Islands, Biscayne announced the C.D.C. guideline urging peo-
works, the tab was paid by Christo and cation to some, and a tone poem to the gen- Bay, Greater Miami, Florida” (1980-83), top, and ple to wear masks in public.) Last month, as
Jeanne-Claude, including the cost of clear- ius of the park’s architects, Frederick Law “The Gates,” center, the sprawling 2005 work in a maskless Trump toured an Arizona mask
ing the park after the gates were removed, Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, whose topogra- Central Park, were typical of its creators, the couple factory, his supporters heckled the masked
leaving the place in pristine shape and pro- phy it highlighted. It was also a testament to Christo and Jeanne-Claude, above. reporter BrieAnna J. Frank outside. “It’s
viding the park with a hefty donation after- Christo’s childlike wonder and sheer, impla- submission, it’s muzzling yourself, it looks
ward. CONTINUED ON PAGE C2 CONTINUED ON PAGE C6
C2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

MICHAEL KIMMELMAN AN APPRAISAL

Christo’s Visions, Fleeting but Unforgettable

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
cable chutzpah.
When the Soviets crushed the Hungarian
uprising in 1956, Christo fled Prague, where
he had gone to study and work in an avant-
garde theater. He made his way to Vienna,
and from there to Paris where he met a
French Army officer’s Moroccan-born
daughter, Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guille-
bon. He was a charmer, a force of nature.
She was brilliant and no less determined.
Over the years, their most spectacular
coups de theatre — swaddling Berlin’s
Reichstag and the Pont Neuf bridge in
Paris, wrapping an island in Florida’s Bis-
cayne Bay and part of the coastline of Aus-
tralia, installing a rippling cloth fence
across 25 gorgeous miles of Northern Cali-
fornia — seemed to skeptics a bit too much
Barnum and too little Braque: middlebrow
entertainments. Increasingly, Christo’s
popularity became a strike against him in
some rarefied quarters.
In fact, his art was easy to grasp but hard
to categorize. Early on, his penchant for
wrapping everyday objects, like paint cans
and oil drums, seemed to link him to ’60s
American Pop artists and French Nouveau
Realists.
But then he began to wrap whole build-
ings and to work outdoors on an envi-
ronmental, megalomaniacal scale that sug-
gested ’70s earth artists like Michael
Heizer, Robert Smithson and Walter de Ma-
ria — except that Christo’s installations
were temporary, sometimes urban, and
they embraced, as an essential component
of the art, all the tedious paperwork, finan-
cial finagling and negotiations with public
officials and neighbors that could drag on
for decades and occasionally turn nasty.
“The Gates” was 26 years in the making.
When Christo first floated the idea, New
York City officials published a weighty tome

Some works took years

to create, were easy to
grasp and hard to
categorize.
REINHARD KRAUSE/REUTERS

GETTY IMAGES

counting all the reasons it was “the wrong

project in the wrong place at the wrong WOLFGANG VOLZ

time.”
Undaunted, Christo seemed almost Top, Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s than two decades and spent some $15 mil-
pleased by the rejection. “I find it very in- “Wrapped Reichstag” (1971-95). Center lion of their own money on a project in Col-
spiring in a way that is like abstract poetry,” row, from far left: Christo introduced orado — a fabric canopy suspended over 42
he said. His aesthetics, as he repeatedly de-
his under-wraps work called snaking miles of the Arkansas River —
fined them, encompassed “everything in-
“Empaquetage,” tied up in a baby Christo suddenly walked away from the
buggy, in 1963; “The Pont Neuf work at the 11th hour. The land was federal-
volved in the process — the workers, the
Wrapped, Paris” (1975-85); and Christo ly owned, he pointed out, which made Don-
politics, the negotiations, the construction working on “Surrounded Islands” in the
difficulty, the dealings with hundreds of ald J. Trump its landlord.
early 1980s. Below, “The Floating “I came from a Communist country,” he
people.” Piers,” a 2016 work in Italy. explained. “I use my own money and my
The actual end product — the wrapped
own work and my own plans because I like
bridge or running fence — was the culmina-
to be totally free.”
tion of this process and just as ephemeral. WOLFGANG VOLZ/CHRISTO Gabrovo is the Central Balkan version of
With his interest in intangibles and the borscht belt, a hardscrabble, endearing
process, Christo was like many other con- creation was a personal obsession requir-
city with a proud, headstrong populace and
ceptual artists of the ’60s and ’70s. That his ing public consent — dependent on a messy,
an impish streak. Under Soviet rule, it be-
approach involved wrapping things in or- slow political theater that was the ultimate
came Communism’s capital of humor, home
der to reveal them was itself a familiar con- conceptual point of the art.
to a wonderfully oddball, hangdog museum
ceptualist concept. What set him apart was Which made the wrapped bridge or build- called the House of Humor and Satire, a col-
the fact that his work attracted such large ing the after-party, a celebration of hard- lector of bad puns, Cold War broadsides and
masses of people, global media attention, earned consensus, the affirmation, through untranslatable jokes, now a faded relic of a
and generated no small measure of happi- art, of an open society. It was also Christo’s vanished era. The sign that still greets vis-
ness and awe. good-humored gift, wrapped in pink or or- itors to town says “Welcome and good rid-
It riffed on the utopianism of Soviet So- ange vinyl instead of a bow. dance.”
cialist Realism, which postured about being “I am an educated Marxist,” he once said. I have visited Gabrovo over the years, the
an art for the Everyman. In lieu of that sham “I use the capitalist system to the very end.” last time not so long ago, and contemplated
populism, which produced supersize monu- He added that his and Jeanne-Claude’s Christo, native son made good, recalling the
ments to Marx and Mother Russia — public projects “exist in their time, impossible to sight of him dashing around the Reichstag
works meant to last for the ages and im- repeat. That is their power, because they and stamping his feet in icy Central Park,
posed by the state on a captive populace — cannot be bought, they cannot be pos- the center of attention, basking in the glow
Christo flipped the script. He trafficked in a sessed.” of “The Gates.”
passing sort of abstraction whose meanings All of which helps explain why, in 2017, af- Headstrong, impish, endearing. That was
remained open-ended and up for debate. Its ter he and Jeanne-Claude labored for more Christo.
ALESSANDRO GRASSANI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Judge Awards Zoo Once Owned by ‘Tiger King’ Star to a Rival

Joseph Maldonado- By MARIA CRAMER
“The G.W.D.G. shall vacate the premises
of the zoo land within 120 days of the date of
Lowe and Mr. Maldonado-Passage, who
tangled over control of the zoo.
On Tuesday, a post on his Twitter account
simultaneously responded to the judge’s
Passage’s land is to be For years, Carole Baskin railed against the service of this order,” Judge Palk of the On Monday, Judge Palk agreed that the ruling and expressed support for protesters
given to the zoo that was run by Joseph Maldonado-Pas- United States District Court of the Western property had been “fraudulently trans- who have demonstrated nationwide against
sage, describing it as cruel and exploitative District of Oklahoma ruled. “Vacation of ferred” by Mr. Maldonado-Passage’s police-involved shootings and killings.
animal-rights activist of the big cats that were kept there. premises shall also require removal of all mother and others so that it would not be “Carole Baskin taking my zoo is a trage-
Carole Baskin. That part of the story is well known to the zoo animals from the zoo land.” used to satisfy the judgment. dy,” the post said. “And we’ll get to that. But
millions of viewers of “Tiger King,” the Net- The decision was the culmination of a The fate of the animals, however, was not today is a day to stand in solidarity with
flix series about the conflict between Ms. seven-year battle that began when Ms. immediately clear. those that have been hurt, killed, and worse
Baskin, an animal-rights activist, and Mr. Baskin accused Mr. Maldonado-Passage of Judge Palk did not make it clear in his rul- because they’re standing up for what they
Maldonado-Passage, also known as Joe Ex- trademark infringement. In 2013, he was or- ing whether Big Cat Rescue would be able believe in.”
otic, the flamboyant owner of a lion and ti- dered to pay Ms. Baskin about $1 million af- to keep the animals that remained on the Big Cat Rescue is a sanctuary for lions,
ger zoo in Wynnewood, Okla. ter he used her organization’s name and property. tigers and other animals that have been
Tensions grew so taut between them that, logo to promote his own park. In a statement, the Humane Society of the abandoned by their previous owners. For
in 2019, Mr. Maldonado-Passage was con- Ms. Baskin sued G.W. Exotic in 2014, United States urged that the animals be years, Ms. Baskin accused Mr. Maldonado-
victed of trying to have Ms. Baskin killed. claiming that its operators created a whole transferred to “proper sanctuaries so that Passage of exploiting tigers by breeding
On Monday, a federal court judge in Okla- other entity, the Garold Wayne Zoo, in an at- they will never suffer again at the hands of cubs so that they could be held by tourists,
homa added another chapter to the tale tempt to get out of paying the judgment. unqualified hucksters like Jeff Lowe and among other abuses.
when he ruled that Ms. Baskin’s organiza- When that entity became liable for the judg- Joe Exotic.” Ms. Baskin’s lawyers did not respond to
tion, Big Cat Rescue Corporation, could take ment, the park was transferred to Greater Mr. Maldonado-Passage was sentenced messages seeking comment on Judge
over the 16.4-acre property in Wynnewood, Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park, which in January to 22 years in prison, after his Palk’s ruling. Lawyers for the Greater
once known as G.W. Exotic. was created by Mr. Maldonado-Passage’s conviction on two counts of murder-for-hire Wynnewood Development Group also did
The judge, Scott L. Palk, ordered that business partner at the time, Jeff Lowe. and numerous charges related to the ani- not respond to requests for comment. Mr.
Greater Wynnewood Development Group, The Netflix documentary showed the mals he kept. He has maintained his inno- Lowe did not immediately return a message
which owns the property, give up the land. fracture of the relationship between Mr. cence and has appealed to a higher court. for him at the animal park.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N C3

ANTHONY TOMMASINI CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK

Opera Is All About the Crowd. That’s the Problem.

With the Met staying closed,
our critic reflects on the chorus
scenes he will miss the most.
MOST OF VERDI’S “Aida” is focused on in-
tensely dramatic scenes for only one, two or
three singers at a time. But it’s crowds that
define the experience of this opera.
It’s not just the spectacular Triumphal
Scene. In the first act, priests, ministers and
military officers, summoned by the King of
Egypt, assemble to learn who has been cho-
sen to command their troops against ad-
vancing Ethiopian invaders. Full-throated
choral outbursts shift from avenging
threats against their enemies to stirring ex-
pressions of Egyptian resolve.
Crowds are essential to this moment —
and, really, to opera as an art form.
Choruses fill the stage; musicians cram into
the orchestra pit; thousands of people sit
shoulder to shoulder in the theater. The
Metropolitan Opera, one of the world’s larg-
est houses, seats an audience of nearly
4,000. And it would probably have been
packed for the season’s opening night on
Sept. 21, the premiere of a new “Aida” pro-
duction.
But it’s no longer certain when opening
night will happen. The Met announced on
Monday that its coming season’s perform-
ances would be canceled at least until New
MARTY SOHL/METROPOLITAN OPERA
Year’s Eve, as social distancing measures to
curb the coronavirus pandemic continue to Above, the Triumphal Scene opening on New Year’s Eve. (Instead, Julie
keep theaters across the United States shut- in Act II of “Aida.” Left, the Taymor’s staging will be revived.) During
tered. Opera fans will have to endure once- Café Momus scene in Franco the first act of this fairy-tale opera, the good
unimaginable disappointment, though this Zeffirelli’s production of “La and bad characters are deliberately ambig-
loss is nothing compared with the devastat- Bohème” features one of the uous. But in Act II, the music for the priests
ing impact that the virus has had on count- great crowd scenes in opera: — sonorous refrains, and a full-voiced,
less lives, and that the shutdown has had on a Parisian square with beautiful chorus — lends them depth and
the livelihoods of artists and innumerable nearly 240 revelers, street poignancy. For a moment the stage is filled
backstage staff. urchins, vendors, soldiers with people who, however flawed, are striv-
Of course, opera revels in glorious solo and a marching band. ing after truth.
voices; I’ll never forget my first “Aida,” Then there’s the feisty crowd in Act I of
starring a radiant Leontyne Price, when I Bizet’s “Carmen,” which was scheduled to
was a teenager. Yet in this dismaying mo- return to the house in October. Workers on
ment, as an opera lover, a Met regular and a
Every aspect of going break from a Spanish tobacco factory, Car-
New Yorker, it’s crowds that I miss the most. to a Met performance men among them, are joined in a square by
They add to the mystique of classical music involves mingling idle soldiers and townspeople. She sings the
in spaces of all sizes, from an intimate reci- closely with others. seductive “Habanera,” likening love to an
tal room to Carnegie Hall’s spacious audito- untamed bird. The crowd echoes her words
rium. In opera, however, they are not only and cheers her on with collective choral re-
crucial but special: When a rousing chorus frains. Who could resist her?
breaks out, the audience feels swept away, In April, the Met presented an inspiring,
pulled right into the music and the drama. four-hour virtual gala with some 40 artists
Every aspect of going to a Met perform- in quarantine performing live from their
ance involves mingling closely with others. SARA KRULWICH/THE NEW YORK TIMES homes around the world. But there were a
You take the subway to Lincoln Center. If few prerecorded offerings, and the most
you’re grabbing dinner with a friend before- tious and utterly enjoyable. of Beethoven’s “Fidelio,” which was to have moving one featured members of the
hand, you count yourself lucky to have a lit- I’ve always been most affected by the returned to the Met in November in Herbert chorus and orchestra in an elegant account
tle table during the preperformance rush at crowd scenes in which choristers, following Wernicke’s splendid production. Men who of “Va, pensiero,” from Verdi’s “Nabucco.”
a nearby restaurant. You walk across the a longstanding convention of the genre, face have been unjustly jailed by an autocratic This resplendent chorus, with a wistful
plaza, which is usually bustling. Then you the audience and voice their phrases col- governor are liberated and joined by their melody that soars over a simple, steady or-
settle into your seat and wait for the crowds lectively. Take the final scene of Wagner’s jubilant wives and children. Everyone sings chestra accompaniment, is sung by exiled
to assemble onstage. “Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg,” when a rousing chorus, celebrating freedom and Hebrews who send their thoughts “on gold-
If the opera happens to be Puccini’s “La the beloved master singer Hans Sachs ar- hailing the heroism of Leonore, who has en wings” to their distant homeland. In the
Bohème,” in Franco Zeffirelli’s enduringly rives to attend the annual song contest in rescued her husband, a political prisoner. Met’s production, the choristers just sit atop
popular and extravagant 1981 production, Nuremberg. In the Met’s vividly old-fash- Beethoven’s ode to joy in this choral scene is stone walls and steps, facing the audience,
the Café Momus scene offers a glorified — ioned Otto Schenk production, it seems like just as thrilling as his setting of Schiller’s ac- which makes the music all the more mov-
some would say prettified — representation the entire town has assembled onstage. The tual “Ode to Joy” in the finale of his Ninth ing: Though far from home, they can at
of the buzzing streets we in the audience choristers, facing Sachs and the audience, Symphony. least rekindle sweet memories.
just left behind. The set depicts a small cafe sing a stirring chorale in tribute to this de- Solemn crowd scenes can be soberly “Nabucco” is slated to return to the Met in
opening into a large square in Paris teeming cent, modest man, a cobbler, and hail him in beautiful, like the chorus of priests at the March. We have to hope that New York per-
with nearly 240 revelers, street urchins, full-voiced salutations. It’s a glorious, over- temple of wisdom in Mozart’s “Die Zauber- forming arts institutions will be able to wel-
vendors, soldiers and a marching band. It’s whelming sound. flöte,” which was to have been presented in come exiled artists and audiences home by
shamelessly spectacular, musically infec- Another such moment comes at the end a new production by Simon McBurney then.

Two Not Touch Crossword Edited by Will Shortz

ANSWERS TO
PREVIOUS PUZZLES PUZZLE BY JOHANNA FENIMORE
ACROSS 39 Mug 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 James who sang 42 Actress/director

14 15 16
“At last, my love Lupino
has come along”
44 Wear away 17 18 19
5 Small matter
48 Request 20 21 22
9 Easy mark
49 Singer whose
14 Things with nails 1980 single “The 23 24 25 26
sticking out Breaks” was the
15 Fat removal first gold record 27 28 29 30

procedure, in rap song

31 32 33
brief 52 Agrees
16 Ease up 55 Top-quality 34 35 36 37 38

17 Direction on a 56 Black bird 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

ship
57 Fairy tale villain
Put two stars in each row, column and region of the grid. No two stars may touch, not even diagonally. 18 Oscar-winning associated with 48 49 50 51
Copyright © 2020 www.krazydad.com Jared the ends of
52 53 54 55 56
19 Director Coppola 20-, 27- and
49-Across
Brain Tickler 20
23
Storms out
Author Rand
60 Playground
fixture 60
57 58

61
59

62 63
24 Homecoming 61 “Je t’___” (“I love
returnee, for 64 65 66
you,” in French)
Put three letters in the first blank and the same three letters backward in the second blank to short
62 Home of 67 68 69
name something you might order in a restaurant. What is it? E H 25 During the recent Timbuktu
past 6/3/20
64 Drooping
27 Airy snack item DOWN 13 Verily 40 All of America
PUZZLE BY WILL SHORTZ YESTERDAY’S ANSWER My favorite three superpowers are probably flight, invisibility and the United States.
65 M.R.I., for one wrapped up in
30 Casual top 1 Org.
with
66 If you drop this, 21 Explorer ___ da one book
31 Like Life Savers monitors Gama
you’re sure to 41 Way, way up
Miss Piggy’s coy trip 2 Hunting cry
KenKen
32 22 Title role for
question Michael Caine 43 Type of coffee
67 Fireplace remains 3 Manya middle
33 Limitless schooler and Jude Law 45 Theatrical
ANSWERS TO 68 What hot dogs partner of
PREVIOUS PUZZLES 34 Having ___ of it do 4 On the main 23 Be effective “Arsenic”
37 “Pretty Woman” 69 Parts of gym 5 Mutated gene 26 As of now 46 Somersault, say
co-star routines
6 Makes too busy 28 Starting point for 47 “That stinks!”
to do other things a German count
ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE 50 Everyone
7 Best 29 Maritime hazard included
L A D A N G E L S A P T 8 It “monthly 51 Set to the right
33 Almost any word
U N I R A I S I N S L I E changes in her ending in -ize or the left
B I S C A Y N E B A Y L E E circled orb,” in
“Romeo and 53 Marsh plant
E M A I L Y I N M R S 35 ___ Haley, former
Juliet” U.N. ambassador 54 Executes orders
J A V A V O C A L C O A C H
O T O F A V A C L E O 9 Turkish V.I.P. 36 Alternative to 58 [Oh!!!]
B E W I L D E R B E H E S T 10 Up and ___ “com” and “org” 59 Actor Epps
S A I N T E L M O
11 Crisp, smooth 38 Mend, as a torn 60 Agcy. for retirees
B E L A Y S I M I T A T E S seam
fabric
A Q U A R I P S A L A 63 Things shown to
Fill the grid with digits so as not to repeat a digit in any row or column, and so that the digits within each B U C K R O G E R S C R E D 12 Squelches 39 Faux ___ bouncers
heavily outlined box will produce the target number shown, by using addition, subtraction, multiplication or Y A K A N A T O T A L
division, as indicated in the box. A 4x4 grid will use the digits 1-4. A 6x6 grid will use 1-6. F L Y P A R T C O M P A N Y Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 9,000 past puzzles,
For solving tips and more KenKen puzzles: www.nytimes.com/kenken. For feedback: nytimes@kenken.com A T M S I D E O N E N O N nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year).
KenKen® is a registered trademark of Nextoy, LLC. Copyright © 2020 www.KENKEN.com. All rights reserved. T O E R E A G A N S R O Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay.
C4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

VINCENT TULLO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES VINCENT TULLO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

ANDREA MOHIN/THE NEW YORK TIMES PHILIP CHEUNG FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Pandemic Strains a Lifeline for the Arts

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1 This year, the Worcester Art Museum in
deficit, it expects to take about $19 million Massachusetts has contacted the charitable
instead. trust that manages the assets of a major do-
The endowment issue is confronting uni- nor for permission to divert restricted funds
versities, think tanks, hospitals, social serv- to help pay for general operations. A quar-
ice organizations, all kinds of nonprofits ter of its current endowment of roughly $90
that have been damaged by the pandemic. million had been contributed by this de-
The conversation has grown intense among ceased donor who said the money must be
arts organizations, especially smaller ones reserved for art acquisitions. By negotiat-
that are staring at particularly bleak fu- ing with the trust, the museum was able to
tures. Their audiences have vanished in the free up $1 million in endowment income to
short term and they can’t count on a high- pay for costs like staff salaries.
profile donor coming to their rescue. For the Lyric Opera, the decision to dip
“When your entire business model is be- further into the endowment is only the lat-
ing compromised by a pandemic, we have to est disappointment brought on by the pan-
reconsider everything,” said George Sut- demic. In March, it was weeks away from
tles, the director of research at Common- performing three full Wagner “Ring” cy-
fund Institute, whose parent company man- cles, a monumental challenge that the
ages the assets of about 50 cultural institu- opera company started preparing for a dec-
tions nationwide. ade ago, when the cast and crew were called
Still, many arts organizations, despite the onto the stage to be told it was canceled.
economic stresses they face, say they sim- “It was heartbreaking,” Mr. Freud said.
ply will not touch their endowments. “There were a lot of tears.”
Why? Because earnings from properly It was also too big to receive federal help
invested endowment funds are a precious under the stimulus package. Some groups
revenue lifeblood for many arts organiza- like the New York Philharmonic and the Se-
tions. Typically, the organizations can cover attle Symphony did receive aid under the
only a portion of their operating expenses administration’s Paycheck Protection Pro-
with money from things like ticket sales and gram for small businesses, but the Lyric did
donor contributions. Many rely on endow- not qualify because it exceeded the 500 em-
ment earnings to provide 30 percent, or ployee cutoff.
more, of their operating income. Along with several other cultural institu-
So each year, the organizations take an tions that missed out on the government’s
amount, “the draw,” from the endowment to aid program, the Lyric is now advocating
put toward operating expenses. Preferably, for money in any forthcoming stimulus pro-
the draw never extends beyond 5 percent of gram — knowing that it can’t rely solely on
the money held in the endowment. To take its endowment for survival.
more is to risk outspending what a conser- WHITTEN SABBATINI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
“In these exceptional circumstances
vative investment portfolio can earn, and to you’re grateful for the fact that there is an
end up eating into the corpus, or principal, Clockwise from top left: the erations. Clive Gillinson, its executive and artistic di-
endowment,” Mr. Freud said. “What we’re
of the endowment. The concern is that Metropolitan Museum of The New York State attorney general’s rector. Increasing the amount taken from
realizing is that we can’t simply carry on as
shrinking endowments result in shrunken Art, Carnegie Hall, the Los office, which recommends against endow- the roughly $300 million endowment this
normal in the expectation that the endow-
investment earnings that are no longer Angeles Philharmonic, the ment draws that exceed 7 percent, is also year is on the table, Mr. Gillinson said, but
ment will provide us with a medium-term
large enough to provide meaningful operat- Lyric Opera of Chicago and considering issuing new guidance to let he considers that to be a “radical approach.”
solution, let alone a long-term solution.”
ing revenue. the New York City Ballet. nonprofits know state officials recognize “You have to be careful that what you’re do-
The preservation of principal as a prac- Each organization is facing that there is pressure to dip deeper. ing helps sustain the long term as well as
tice is so widely embraced that many states financial predicaments John MacIntosh, managing partner of dealing with short-term issues,” he said.
brought on by the pandemic. SeaChange Capital Partners, an organiza- So far, the arts groups more inclined to
oversee the extent to which nonprofits tap
into their endowments in a given year. tion that supports nonprofits, said many or- reach further into the endowment have
“Endowments are not going to solve the ganizations are, at the least, discussing the been performing arts organizations, many
problem,” said Peter Gelb, general manager prospect of employing endowment money of which rely on ticket revenues for a great-
of the Metropolitan Opera. The opera has in a more active way, short term. er portion of their operating expenses than
furloughed staff, canceled its fall season “I certainly think that it’s widespread and museums rely on admissions. Although the
and raised $60 million to plug its losses, but it should be,” he said. American Alliance of Museums estimates
has decided it will not stray into its $270 mil-
lion endowment beyond taking the regular
In fact, part of the ongoing debate is
whether endowment preservation is too
that the 35,000 museums in the United
States are, all told, losing a staggering $33 CLUE OF THE DAY
5 percent annual draw. fusty a principle at a time when some orga- million a day, Laura Lott, president and
The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New nizations are fighting for their very survival chief executive, said she had not yet seen
any dip into endowment principal.
EUROPEANART
LANDMARKS
York has also said it is not cutting into its and the human costs of the pandemic are
$3.6 billion endowment beyond its regular evident in massive layoffs and furloughs. “I would hope,” she said, “that’s a last re-
annual draw. But it is, for the first time on a ‘This is “This should not be happening. The sort — and not something they’re pursuing AS DESCRIBED IN AN
large scale, changing the formula for how it board of this museum, the endowment, the this early in what we expect to be a long fi- 1831 BOOK, IT HAS
spends the roughly $150 million in endow- unprecedented, like so assets in its warehouses that never see the nancial crisis and recovery.”
many things during “THREE RECESSED AND
ment earnings and siphoning tens of mil- light of day — all capable of making this The cautionary tale is the experience of
POINTED DOORWAYS...
lions of dollars that typically are used to ac- this crisis.’ shortfall and keeping those people em- the New York City Opera, which eventually
quire art and putting them toward more ployed,” was one reaction on Twitter, by filed for bankruptcy in 2013. The opera IMMENSE CENTRAL
mundane operating expenses. Jonathan T. D. Neil, the director of Clare- closed during a period of building renova- ROSE WINDOW...TWO
“The Museum has never been closed mont Graduate University’s Center for tions at Lincoln Center, never made up for DARK AND MASSIVE
longer than three days, much less for three Business & Management of the Arts, to the lost ticket revenue and ended up invading TOWERS”
months or more — during which we have Metropolitan Museum of Art’s decision to its endowment to the tune of $24 million to
lost all revenue sources,” said Kenneth lay off some museum staff. cover operating deficits around the time of
Weine, a spokesman, in a statement. “The But even those who are accessing endow- the financial crisis. It emerged from bank- FOR THE CORRECT
financial impact of the pandemic is extraor- ment funds in ways they have never done ruptcy in 2016 but has struggled to build RESPONSE, WATCH
dinary, and we are accessing all possible before consider these funds to be critical momentum. JEOPARDY! TONIGHT
means to work through this crisis.” bulwarks to their organizations and plan to One hurdle, even for those who decide OR LOOK IN THIS
The Association of Art Museum Directors only increase their spending temporarily. they need to take more this year, is dealing SPACE TOMORROW
acknowledged the difficult situation in April “This is unprecedented, like so many with the restrictions often set by donors IN THE TIMES.
when it relaxed its guidelines on endow- things during this crisis,” said David Gor- who contribute to endowment funds. Some
ment spending. While it is not recommend- don, a former director of the Milwaukee Art say the money must go toward a specific Yesterday’s Response:
ing that museums dip further, the associa- Museum who consults with cultural institu- purpose. Some donate precisely on the con- WHAT ARE ALASKA
tion’s board adopted a resolution that says it tions. “There has been for quite a while an dition that the principal of their gift will be & HAWAII?
will not censure museums if they redirect emphasis on building up the endowments protected in perpetuity.
income earned off invested endowment so there will be a great reluctance to dip into To use these funds, arts organizations
funds from restricted sources to general op- them.”
The board of trustees at Carnegie Hall is
typically need the donor’s permission. If the
donor is no longer alive, the museum usu-
Watch JEOPARDY!
Alain Delaqueriere contributed research. still deciding how to deal with its $8 million ally has to get their state’s attorney general 7 p.m. on Channel 7
Elizabeth A. Harris contributed reporting. budget deficit caused by the pandemic, said to sign off or perhaps seek a court ruling.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N C5

PARUL SEHGAL BOOKS OF THE TIMES

Lives Buffeted by Terrorism and Injustice

A novel exposes the bleak state Lovely is the guerrilla unit, the novel’s
most exuberant creation. Deprived of con-
thority; the narrative stride is broken only
by rare missteps. PT Sir and Lovely are
of modern India through the ventional education — aside from occa- linked by their connection to Jivan (who tu-
fates of three characters. sional acting classes — she is a student of tored Lovely in English). The plot hinges on
street life, conjuring the inner lives of ev- whether they will choose to help her, but
eryone she sees, filing away their expres- their emotional ties can feel tenuous, even a
“If the police didn’t help ordinary people like
sions and gestures to better inhabit her little contrived. They live parallel lives — in-
you and me, if the police watched them die,
doesn’t that mean that the government is roles. The texture of the novel — its ampli- dividuals inhabiting the same city, but not
also a terrorist?” tude, tenderness, commotion — comes to us always the same fictional world. It’s a feel-
from her curiosity and habit of attentive- ing underscored by the curious decision to
Megha Majumdar’s propulsive debut novel, ness. Looking up at the moon, noticing the render Lovely’s voice in broken, ungram-
“A Burning,” is set in motion by that single craters, she is struck by a friendly feeling: matical English. Her sections are solilo-
sentence: a Facebook post by a young Mus- “The moon is having pimples also.” quies; surely she would experience herself
lim woman named Jivan living in a Kolkata This is a book to relish for its details, for as fluently as anyone else does.
slum. She has just witnessed a group of men the caress of the writer’s gaze against the The publishers have framed the novel as
set fire to a stalled train, killing almost 100 world, the way it dawdles over all that might a literary thriller, burdening it, I worry, with
people, while the police looked on. When Ji- be considered coarse or inconsequential — an unfair expectation. True suspense is in
van shares this message online, sorrowing the varicose veins of Jivan’s cellmate are short supply; in fact, the story is marked by
A Burning
and outraged (but also, she confesses, hop- evoked as “crooked, like flooding rivers.” In an undertow of bleak inevitability. As a girl,
By Megha Majumdar
ing for a robust number of “likes”), she has their specificity and cool bluntness, Majum- Jivan used to pass by a butcher shop on her
293 pages. Alfred A. Knopf.
no way of knowing that she is about to be dar’s descriptions of life, of stench and bod-
$25.95. way to school. “The goat must have had a
arrested for the crime, and that her post will
ELENA SEIBERT ies, of stifled ambitions and stoked resent- life, much like me,” she would think, looking
be entered as evidence.
Megha Majumdar ments, feel instructive, a rejoinder to the up at the row of skinned carcasses. “At the
It is a baldly, horrifyingly plausible prem-
ways reality is so commonly distorted, end of its life, maybe it had been led by a
ise. The story is set in modern-day India,
whether by the nationalist project to re- rope to the slaughterhouse, and maybe,
where scores have been arrested after writ- jra (a third gender recognized in India), write history or by sentimental and sensa- from the smell of blood which emerged from
ing social media posts critical of Prime Min- who dreams of stardom.
ister Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist tional media narratives, all of which come in that room, the goat knew where it was being
The director Akira Kurosawa famously for tart critique. taken.”
government, or merely forwarding a car- used three cameras to shoot each scene.
toon or a meme. Lynchings are on the rise, It’s a novel wary of narrative itself, the What we describe helplessly as our fate
The A camera he placed in the most conven- way a story can glibly ascribe cause and ef- is, very often, other people’s choices acting
and a notorious new citizenship law en-
tional position. The B camera provided fect. In prison, Jivan is interviewed by a upon us — choices that remain largely un-
shrines discrimination against Muslims. In
swift, impressionistic shots. The C camera journalist and cannot say for certain where known or, at best, dimly perceived. The nov-
February, the country suffered its bloodiest
outbreak of sectarian violence in years. he described as a “guerrilla unit.” Rolling si- her story, and her troubles, began. Was it el flays open these mysteries. Flooding
Mobs freely targeted mosques, Muslim multaneously, the three-camera system en- her decision to take that train that day? Or rivers turn crooked, Majumdar has told us,
homes and businesses. The police joined sured that no detail would go missing. was it some earlier moment, when she and she traces the forces that render her
the attacks. More than 50 people died, in- Majumdar employs a similar strategy. dropped out of school to support her family, characters vulnerable to corruption, and
cluding an 85-year-old woman who was The narration swivels from the perspective or even further back, perhaps, when her danger: PT Sir’s thirst for recognition,
burned alive in her home while a crowd out- of one character to the next, each of whom, family was evicted from their village? This Lovely’s poverty, even the pleasure Jivan
side sang Hindu devotionals. by dint of status or sensibility, knows some- is the story of a terrorist attack but also of takes in social media, “a kind of leisure
Majumdar follows the lives of three char- thing the others cannot. Only Jivan knows the violence of entrenched injustices — mi- dressed up as agitation.” The interplay of
acters: Jivan, languishing in prison; her the truth of what happened the day the train sogyny, police brutality, the lack of access to choice and circumstance has always been
former physical education teacher, referred burned. But it is PT Sir who reports to us the clean water, the enforced poverty of the hi- the playing field of great fiction, and on this
to as PT Sir, who is recruited into the local larger context, the workings of the party jra community. terrain, a powerful new writer stakes her
right-wing political party; and Lovely, a hi- that holds Jivan’s fate in its hands. Majumdar writes with a lanky, easy au- claim.

BEN BRANTLEY THEATER REVIEW

Streaming Visions
Of Divided Selves
The Belarus Free Theater novel. I am grateful to have done so, since
otherwise I would truly have been adrift for
offers a mind-bending take much of this onscreen, 90-minute adapta-
on life in the Soviet era. tion.
Without that grounding, I probably would
have enjoyed the online “School” in the way
THE DIVIDED SELF finds a natural home I’d savor a nonlinear head-trip film. Not that
among the multiplying split screens of “A the pleasures of Haradnitski’s production
School for Fools,” a mind-bending adapta- are imitatively cinematic. This production
tion of Sasha Sokolov’s 1975 novel about one is exuberantly and inventively acted by a
damaged soul’s infinitely subjective and po- team that was clearly trained in make-do
etic take on life in the Soviet Union. This theater.
bravura production from the intrepid Bela- There’s an inspired spirit of improvisa-
rus Free Theater, which made its tion-born comedy in the cast’s interpreta-
livestreaming debut on Monday out of tions of gargoylish Dickensian authority
Minsk, portrays the world of Soviet Russia figures (a judge, a psychiatrist, the tyran-
through the prismatic gaze of a young man nical head of the “special” school to which
for whom reality is an ever-morphing our hero has been consigned); his exasper-
phenomenon. ated, unhappily married parents; fright-
Make that two men — sort of. The first- ened, anxiously talkative Soviet citizens; PHOTOGRAPHS BY SARA KRULWICH/THE NEW YORK TIMES
person (or persons) narrator of Sokolov’s and the people he idealizes, especially his
masterwork is identified only as “student beloved geography teacher, who may or Scenes from the Belarus
so-and-so” or, occasionally, “patient so-and- may not be dead. (Played with elegant be- Free Theater’s “A School for
so.” And one part of him is always arguing musement by Siarhei Kvachonak, this liv- Fools.” The play is
with and interrupting his other half. He ing corpse is hauntingly seen rising, in a performed and broadcast
does not, in other words, get along with him- sopping business suit, from his bathtub.) live from Minsk, in a
self. His goal in life, he (or one of him) says, We watch these varied souls interacting succession of coups de
is to be “free to be whatever I want to be, with our narrator — who is embodied by Zoom, from the bedrooms,
together and separately.” both Aliaksei Naranovich and Roman Shyt- kitchens and bathrooms of
This bifocal view allows rich opportuni- sko — in schoolrooms, a graveyard, a psy- the 12-member ensemble,
ties for imaginative play with the Zoom for- chiatrist’s office, a streetcar, the family’s including Roman Shytsko,
mat. Pavel Haradnitski, the show’s writer cherished country retreat and the apart- above, and Andrei Urazau
and director, and Svetlana Sugako, who ment where his mother (Maryna and Maryna Yakubovich,
oversees its narrative technology, have Yakubovich) conducts an affair with her bottom.
come up with an exhilarating succession of
son’s accordion teacher.
coups de Zoom, in which its 12-member cast
In most cases, we are seeing what the
seems to be occupying — together and sep- A School for Fools
narrator is seeing, or what his other is imag-
arately, at the same time — contradictory Thursday nights
ining, not that it’s easy or perhaps even de-
visionary zones that summon and distort through July 9 from
sirable to distinguish between them. Most
the joyless Moscow of the post-World War II the Belarus Free
of the actors are performing from their own
era. (The production, which features un- Theater, streaming
apartments, but via green screens and pro-
usually literate English subtitles, can be by appointment:
streamed by appointment on Thursday jected photographs, they step into a rich as-
sortment of shabby urban and lush pastoral belarusfreetheatre
nights through July 9.) .com.
Like the recent Bard College online inter- environments. (Our narrator’s paradise
pretation of Caryl Churchill’s “Mad Forest,” lost is his family’s dacha.)
“School” had begun rehearsals as a play to What’s uncanny about the acting here is
be performed in a theater. Then the coro- how it suggests a child’s (or man-child’s)
navirus came to Minsk. And while Belarus’s eye-view of the people the performers are
autocratic leader, Aleksandr G. Lukashen- playing. These are creatures mythologized
ko, may deny the gravity of the virus, the by memory and imagination, a bit like the
Free Theater — an underground troupe still townspeople in Fellini’s “Amarcord.” The
officially forbidden to perform in its own women, in particular, are rendered as crea-
country — took the pandemic seriously tures both endlessly seductive and puzzling
enough to quarantine this production’s cast. to a boy who doesn’t understand what sex is
Being resourceful during dangerous but knows he would like to experience it.
times is business as usual for this 15-year- Stanislava Shablinskaya gives a delicate,
old company. As Haradnitski observed dur- witty performance as a postal worker who
ing a post-show discussion, this was an un- becomes an unwitting object of desire; and
usual performance for the troupe, in that it Yakubovich is hilarious in single-handedly
was less likely to be interrupted by the ar- creating the illusion of the mother’s forbid-
rival of armed police than by a pizza deliv- den love affair in action.
ery person. The synchronicity of these performances
In artistic terms, “School” could scarcely is a marvel, as the actors exchange bottles
be more fraught. It requires the orchestra- and books, share a bed with a partner, dance
tion of the cast of 12 performing live in dif- à deux (with themselves) and even tie a tie
ferent locations, and 15 separate video de- around the neck of someone else — all the
vices, including smartphones and drones. while remaining in their separate frames.
This show also takes off from a supremely The subliminal disjointedness suits the nar-
quixotic starting point: making sense, in rator’s view of a disconnected world.
theatrical terms, of a notoriously complex, But at the same time — and this is the
time-tripping work of literature, written in beauty of it — these frame-to-frame interac-
what its author described as “proetry” (be- tions signal the survival of artistic connec-
tween poetry and prose). tion in the age of social isolation. Perhaps
Reissued three years ago in a fine and the production’s most charming moment is
supple new translation by Alexander Bo- its prologue, in which we find the entire
guslawski via New York Review Books cast, along with Haradnitski, on split-screen
Classics, the novel brings to mind the James “Brady Bunch” display.
Joyce of “Ulysses” and even “Finnegans One of them coughs into a sheet of paper,
Wake,” presenting consciousness as a river then unfolds it and holds it up to reveal the
that snakes through and transforms a name of his character. He passes it on to the
known, highly detailed landscape. The book figure in the next screen, who unfolds it to —
is also dense with wordplay and ricocheting miraculously — reveal the name of her
cultural references that the non-Russian character, and so on and so on until the ros-
reader can’t be expected to get. ter is completed. It’s the virus of creative
I do not read Russian, yet I fell completely transformation that’s being circulated here.
into the cadenced, transporting flow of the Catching it is good for your health.
C6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Musicians’ Posts Are Blank, but Not Empty

What began as a proposed day 6lack, Jessie Ware, Smokepurpp and oth-
ers.
of reflection has morphed into At the same time, the calls for action this
something broader. week have intersected with longstanding is-
sues that critics within the industry have
identified as systemic problems, like the
By JOE COSCARELLI
lack of diversity among employees and at
What began as an attempt by two music in- executive levels, from the major labels to
siders to pause business as usual across the the Recording Academy.
industry on Tuesday, in response to the pro- “Our industry covers every genre of mu-
tests sweeping the nation, broadened and sic and is welcoming to new creations,” Jon
morphed overnight on social media into a Platt, the chief executive of the music pub-
less focused action, resulting in a sea of lisher Sony/ATV and one of the highest-
blank black posts across Instagram and ranking black executives in the industry,
other platforms. wrote in an open letter on Monday. “Inside
Brands including Spotify, Live Nation, our companies, the work force should be
Apple, TikTok and many of the largest equally diverse. My dream is for our compa-
record companies said on Monday that they nies to be an orchestra of races, creeds and
would cease most operations the following colors.” Separately, Universal Music Group
day temporarily, in light of the demonstra- said it was forming a task force to address
tions sparked by the death of George Floyd issues such as inclusion.
in Minneapolis. The industry blackout ini- But the protest also coincided with the in-
tiative, which started under the hashtag dustry’s biggest financial transaction of the
#TheShowMustBePaused, was the brain- moment, the pending initial public offering
child of two black women who work in mu- by the Warner Music Group.
sic marketing, Jamila Thomas and Brianna Warner, the home of stars like Ed Sheeran
Agyemang. and Cardi B, as well as evergreen catalogs
“The music industry is a multibillion dol- by Madonna, Prince and Led Zeppelin, has
lar industry,” the women, who did not re- announced plans to raise as much as $1.8
spond to requests for comment, wrote in a billion through the I.P.O. — a closely
statement. “An industry that has profited watched deal that solidifies how much the
predominantly from Black art. Our mission industry’s fortunes have been turned
is to hold the industry at large, including around by the boom in streaming.
major corporations + their partners who
While Warner executives have instructed
benefit from the efforts, struggles and suc-
employees to “take a day out from their
cesses of Black people accountable.” On the
jobs” and “concentrate on helping yourself
Billboard album chart, black artists have
and others,” the I.P.O. will go ahead as
held the No. 1 spot for 11 out of the last 13 the hashtag useless,” the drag performer flect and figure out ways to move forward in In solidarity, music stars
planned. It is expected for this week and
weeks — and occupy four of the top five and singer Tatianna wrote on Twitter as solidarity.” Sony Music said it would expand posted black squares on
could come as early as Wednesday, accord-
slots this week. millions of similar posts flooded the serv- its mental health support for employees, in- their Instagram accounts
ing to a person briefed on the company’s
But as with many social media undertak- ices. “Remove the hashtag so actual BLM cluding grief counseling and a group medi- as part of
#BlackoutTuesday. plans who was not authorized to speak
ings, the digital protest took on a life of its posts can be seen.” tation session this week, as well as promis-
about them publicly.
own as it was adopted by artists like Ri- On Tuesday, The Show Must Be Paused ing to match employee donations to social
A Warner spokeswoman declined to com-
hanna, Quincy Jones, Yoko Ono and the released an additional statement clarifying justice organizations.
Rolling Stones, spreading far beyond music ment about the I.P.O.
its intent. “The purpose was never to mute A spokesman for Def Jam Records, a divi- Some fear a
under the #BlackoutTuesday banner and At Spotify, acknowledgment of the black-
ourselves,” the group said. “The purpose is sion of Universal Music, said the company
leading to some confusion about what was to disrupt.”
well-meaning Instagram out included the darkening of its playlist lo-
had hosted a town-hall meeting for employ- gos; “special curation of select songs” by
being asked of participants, many of whom Beyond the confluence of hashtags, some ees on Monday. “Today, some of us are initiative is hurting
artists like Kendrick Lamar and Gary Clark
used blank black posts as a show of solidari- in the music industry questioned what was marching, some are mobilizing, others are Black Lives Matter. Jr.; and the inclusion of eight minutes and
ty. being done beyond promises for reflection praying,” the label said. “Many of us are do-
As the black boxes spread, first across 46 seconds of silence on some playlists and
and general statements of support. “How nating our day’s wages to the organization podcasts “as a solemn acknowledgment for
other creative communities, like theater, much money is being donated from the la- of our choice on the front lines of this fight.”
film and dance, and then to any individual the length of time that George Floyd was
bels, publishers, streaming services and all Def Jam added that it would be “honoring suffocated.” The streaming service said it
wishing to show support for broader causes other corners of the music industry tomor- the wishes of our artists who have asked
of racial injustice, the gesture largely would match donations by employees to
row? I can’t find this info,” the artist and that we pause in the release, marketing and anti-racist organizations.
eclipsed its original specific intent. Some producer Jack Antonoff, who has worked promotion of their music” this week.
vowed to “mute” themselves online for the The corporate displays of support, which
with Taylor Swift and Lorde, posted on Twit- Other companies said they would post- have stretched far beyond the music busi-
rest of the day as part of the blackout, while ter. The R&B singer Kehlani said she was pone new releases scheduled for Friday, the ness, followed a weekend in which many
skeptics worried that silence was not the
taking issue with “a bunch of suits on insta- standard day for debuts. Republic Records, top-tier artists took to the streets or their so-
answer.
gram saying black out tuesday for the in- home to Ariana Grande and Post Malone, cial media channels in protest. Artists in-
And when many on social media began
dustry. with no context. no nod to the origi- said it would pause the release of all new cluding Grande, Halsey, J. Cole and Lil
appending the general #blacklivesmatter
nal organizers or the original flyer.” music, instead “using the time to reflect on Yachty were seen at marches while others,
message to their posts, others pointed out
that doing so could drown out other post- Many in the music business said they the injustices happening to the Black com- like Taylor Swift, Pink, Billie Eilish, Bey-
ings under the same slogan. would be using the blackout day to plan fu- munity in America, and discuss how we and oncé and Lady Gaga, posted messages on-
“Posting black boxes on Instagram and ture action. our artists can use our voices to impact and line. Governor Tim Walz of Minnesota said
hashtagging black lives matter is rendering “This is not a day off,” said Columbia create real initiatives for change in our com- he spoke with Jay-Z on Sunday, with the
Records, a division of Sony Music, in a so- munities.” Interscope, along with its part- rapper imploring him, “Justice needs to be
Ben Sisario contributed reporting. cial media post. “Instead, this is a day to re- ner labels, said it would push back music by served here.”

AMANDA HESS CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK

What’s Behind the Mask? Civic Action, for One Thing

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
weak — especially for men,” one man told
her.
To these men, masking signals not just
cowardice but hypocrisy. Mask-wearers
stand accused of cowering in fear, but also of
cynically exaggerating the virus’s threat.
The mask is cast as both a defensive shield
and an accessory in a masquerade of politi-
cal correctness. A recent email from the
Trump campaign called Joe Biden a “base-
ment dweller and virtue signaler,” and ac-
cused him of colluding with “the media
mask-shamers” to deceive the public by
only covering up when the cameras were
rolling.
The implication is that people who choose
to wear masks aren’t just protecting them-
selves — they’re attacking the president
and his supporters. Recently a sign ap-
peared on the door of a Texas restaurant
banning masks: “Due to our concern for our
customers, if they FEEL (not think), that
they need to wear a mask, they should stay
home until they FEEL that it’s safe to be in
public without one,” it read.
Even for those who believe in its health
benefits, the mask has a symbolic role, and
these two functions are related. The facts of
transmission — masks are most effective
when worn by infected people, many of
whom have little to no symptoms — have re-
quired building a moral justification for oth-
erwise healthy people to don them. The
mask “signifies strength and compassion
for others,” Roy Cooper, the Democratic
governor of North Carolina, tweeted re-
cently. Meanwhile, mask defenders suggest
that those who refuse the mask are deceiv-
ing only themselves. A study of American
attitudes toward masks found that men are
less likely to believe they will be “seriously
affected by the coronavirus,” though the op-
posite is true. “This macho stuff,” Biden said VICTOR J. BLUE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

after Trump retweeted a jab at the candi-

Gros’s 1804 painting of the event, Napoleon Trump, too, seems less than willing to suited up in anti-riot armor. But at these
date’s own mask. “It’s cost people’s lives.”
appears amid a pile of agonized soldiers. fight the coronavirus rationally, instead demonstrations, masks are ubiquitous,
These battle lines were drawn long before
Behind him, a military officer holds a hand- claiming it will disappear “like a miracle.” It symbolizing civic action in more ways than
modern medicine articulated a justification kerchief over his mouth, but Napoleon, is as if taking the disease seriously is an in- one: Even as they protect the community
for the mask. The medical anthropologist barefaced and Christlike, reaches out to dictment of his presidency. By dismissing from the virus, they protest the surveillance
Christos Lynteris, who has traced the cul- touch a soldier’s open sore. “The principal the threat and banishing its visual cues, of the police.
tural role of “plague masks” in previous seat of the plague was in the imagination,” Trump also shields his own reputation and No, Trump does not wear a mask. But as
pandemics, notes that early protective Napoleon was attributed as saying. “The protects his personal vanity. Inside the protesters have assembled in front of the
equipment was also conflated with fear and surest protection, the most efficacious rem- mask factory, when Trump wore protective White House in recent days, he has de-
cowardice. The plague doctor costume, edy, was moral courage.” goggles but no mask, he used the logic of the scended into an underground bunker and
which featured a grotesque beak stuffed Though Napoleon claimed to have visited superhero mask — the ones that cover the turned out the lights. He has tweeted about
with aromatic herbs designed to ward off soldiers to assuage their fears about dis- eyes but reveal the mouth, a way of obscur- the Secret Service protecting him from the
OLIVIER DOULIERY/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
“bad air” from plague sufferers, was ac- — GETTY IMAGES ease, he had really arrived to burnish his ing identity but accentuating rhetorical American people with “the most vicious
cused of stoking terror. “The imagination Top, masks have been own reputation. His regime had lied to sol- power. And few leaders use the mouth as ac- dogs, most ominous weapons, I have ever
merely frightened by the plague is enough plentiful at protests diers about the plague’s threat, and accord- robatically as Trump, whose expressions seen.” The police have buzzed D.C. demon-
to bring on the disease,” wrote Geronimo nationwide over the death of ing to the art history professor Darcy shift among the open-mouthed scream, the strators with helicopters and fired on them
Gastaldi, an Italian health official during George Floyd. Above, Joe Grimaldo Grigsby, he knew that soldiers sarcastically jutted jaw, and the exaggerat- with rubber bullets. The notion that these
Rome’s 1656 outbreak. Biden will wear a mask, would conflate their fear of the disease with ed, pinched pout. masked protesters could represent coward-
Later, Napoleon — whose soldiers were unlike Donald J. Trump. their “distrust of the military and govern- In recent days, as protesters poured into ice, and Trump strength, is absurd. “We are
struck by plague as they invaded Syria — ment commanders who rendered them the streets to protest the killing of George here to show that regardless of what is hap-
promoted the idea that bravery could cure powerless.” Dispelling “fear” of the objec- Floyd, the mask has taken on a new associa- pening to our health we refuse to run,” one
the disease. In “Bonaparte Visiting the Vic- tively horrifying plague was a tool for ce- tion. Wearing a mask to a protest used to protester told The Cut. “We refuse to live in
tims of the Plague at Jaffa,” Antoine-Jean menting Napoleon’s control. signal that you were an anti-fascist or a cop fear.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N C7

EVENING
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00
What’s On Wednesday
2 WCBS Inside Edition (N) Entertainment Game On! “Celebrity Guests: Ronda SEAL Team “Welcome to the Refuge.” S.W.A.T. “Kingdom.” Luca’s food truck CBS 2 News at The Late Show With Stephen Colbert
(PG) Tonight (N) Rousey & Demi Lovato.” Demi Lovato; An organization is linked to bombings. business hits a snag. (14) 11PM (N) (N) (PG) (11:35) A proudly silly, self-aware superhero movie
Ronda Rousey. (N) (PG) (14) is on HBO. And the recent Mister Rogers
4 WNBC Access Hollywood All Access (N) Chicago Med “Never Going Back to Chicago Fire “Sacred Ground.” A facto- Chicago P.D. “Doubt.” Voight is sus- News 4 NY at The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy movie with Tom Hanks is streaming on
Hero of the day. (PG) Normal.” Will and Natalie battle for ry fire spirals out of control. (14) pected in Kelton’s murder. (14) 11 (N) Fallon Kamala Harris; Talib Kweli; Sia.
(N) (PG) their lives. (14) (N) (14) (11:34) Starz platforms.
5 WNYW Extra (N) (PG) The Big Bang The- MasterChef “Auditions, Pt. 2; The Bat- Ultimate Tag “Girls Just Wanna Run.” Fox 5 News at 10 (N) The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- Modern Family
ory (PG) tle Round.” The fight into the top 20 (N) (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) “Earthquake.” An

What’s on TV
continues. (14) earthquake hits.
7 WABC Jeopardy! “Teach- Wheel of Fortune Up (2009). Voices of Ed Asner, Christopher Plummer. Animated. Old man flies Marvel’s Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. “Know Eyewitness News Jimmy Kimmel Nightline (N)
ers Tournament.” “Home Sweet away inside house. Looks great but story is earthbound. (PG) Your Onions.” The agents question at 11 (N) Live! (N) (14) (12:06)
(N) (G) Home.” (G) their own values. (N) (14) (11:35)
9 WWOR Family Feud (PG) Family Feud (PG) Dateline “Manson.” A new look at the Dateline “Good & Evil.” A body turns up Family Feud (PG) Family Feud (PG) Chasing News (N) The Simpsons TMZ Live (N) (PG)
Manson Family murders. (PG) at a trash facility. (PG) (PG)
11 WPIX black-ish “Unkept black-ish “Just The 100 “False Gods.” Raven faces an Bulletproof “Episode 6.” Ronald Pike PIX11 News at Ten (N) Seinfeld “The Seinfeld “The Fix- Friends (14)
Woman.” Christmas, Baby.” unexpected threat. (N) (14) Sr.’s past is uncovered. (14) Stakeout.” (PG) Up.” (PG)
13 WNET PBS NewsHour (N) Great Performances “42nd Street.” A performer gets her break on Broadway. (PG) Art & Design in Amanpour and Company (N) MetroFocus
Chicago (PG)
21 WLIW MetroFocus SciTech Now (G) Suze Orman’s Ultimate Retirement Guide Planning for retirement. (G) Little Steven-Disciples of Soul MetroFocus World News Amanpour-Co
25 WNYE 92Y on N.Y.C.Life Secrets Blueprint: N.Y.C. Neighborhood Eating Harlem $9.99 Bare Feet-N.Y.C. Brooklyn Savvy Build N.Y.C. Skindigenous
31 WPXN Law & Order “Bottomless.” (14) Law & Order “Driven.” (14) Law & Order “Political Animal.” (14) Law & Order “Quit Claim.” (14) Law & Order “Illegal.” (14) Law & Order (14)
41 WFUT2 Secrets Of The Morgue (14) Murder She Solved (14) The Last 24 “Out of Control.” (14) Cruise Ship Killers (10:01) F.B.I.: Criminal Pursuit (14) Bizarre Murders
47 WNJU Minuto para ganar (N) (G) Cennet (N) (G) 100 días para enamorarnos (N) La reina del sur 2: Edición Noticiero 47 Noticias Titulares y más
STEVE WILKIE/WARNER BROS.
48 WRNN Food for the Poor Grow Hair Fast! Robot No More Den No Dentures Morgan Set Morgan Set TALCUM Paid Program Ovarian Cancer?
49 CPTV PBS NewsHour (N) Dennis DeYoung and The Music Of Styx Live Change Your Brain, Heal Your Mind With Daniel Amen, MD (G) Favorites (G) Zachary Levi, left, and Jack Dylan Grazer.
50 WNJN One on One NJTV News Drive by History State of the Arts Suze Orman’s Ultimate Retirement Guide Planning for retirement. (G) NJTV News Drive by History World News
SHAZAM! (2019) 5:15 p.m. on HBO. Sure,
55 WLNY Last-Standing Last-Standing Dr. Phil (14) WLNY News at 9PM (N) Judge Judy (PG) Judge Judy (PG) 2 Broke Girls 2 Broke Girls Ent. Tonight
63 WMBC China Skin Care Transform Medicare Plans Superthotics Relief Transform Paid Program Bladder Relief! Hydroshot
plenty of movies chart a young person’s
68 WFUT ¿Qué culpa tiene Fatmagül? (14) ¿Qué culpa tiene Fatmagül? (N) Reto 4 elementos: Naturaleza extrema (N) (14) Noticiero Univ. Vas con todo Lechuga le harán una broma a Dalilah.
transition into adulthood. But how many
feature a boy becoming a man in an in-
PREMIUM CABLE
stant? The boy here is Billy (Asher Angel),
FLIX Election (1999). Matthew Broderick, . Dick (1999). Kirsten Dunst. Nixon’s teenage dog walk- . Bridget Jones’s Diary (2000). Renee Zellweger. (R) Blue Valentine (2010). Ryan Gosling. Young marriage
Reese Witherspoon. (R) (6:15) ers unravel Watergate. Uproariously dizzy satire. (PG-13) (9:35) slowly sputters. Fine acting, to little effect. (R) (11:15) a teenage orphan who is given magic pow-
HBO l Shazam! (2019). Betty “Perstepha- Real Sports With Bryant Gumbel Re- X-Men: First Class (2011). James McAvoy. The mutants’ early year, during I Know This Much Is True “Episode 4.” Downton Abbey ers that allow him to transform into an
(PG-13) (5:15) nie.” (MA) starting pro sports in America. cold war. Fifth chapter bounces back to life. (PG-13) (MA) (11:15) (2019). (PG) (12:15) adult superhero (Zachary Levi) by saying
HBO2 What’s My Name The Kitchen (2019). Melissa McCarthy, Tiffany Haddish. Wives of imprisoned . Precious (2009). Gabourey Sidibe, Mo’Nique. Abused Harlem teen tries to The Meg (2018). Jason Statham, Li “shazam.” His character is based on a
gangsters take over Hell’s Kitchen. Witless mess. (R) (7:45) change her life. Risky and remarkable. (R) Bingbing. (PG-13) (11:25)
MAX . Rescue Dawn (2006). Christian The Mule (2018). Clint Eastwood, Bradley Cooper. Lily-growing grandpa car- The Eagle (2011). Channing Tatum, Jamie Bell. Roman soldier on a mission Unfaithful (2002). lesser-known DC superhero created in 1939
Bale, Steve Zahn. (PG-13) (5:50) ries drugs for cartel. Sentimental and teasingly offensive. (R) in ancient Britain. Solemn and muscle-bound. (PG-13) (R) (11:55) — but the movie’s blasé humor is very
SHO Under the Tuscan Sun (2003). Diane The Affair “107.” The Solloways return Couples Therapy Work in Progress Ode to Joy (2019). Martin Freeman. Man conks out when The Best of Enemies (2019). Taraji P. contemporary. It’s “a nice change of pace
Lane, Sandra Oh. (PG-13) (6) to Brooklyn. (MA) “107.” (MA) (MA) he experiences pleasure. Contrived malady-com. (R) Henson. (PG-13) (11:45)
for a big-screen mega-comic, if not a revo-
SHO2 Seven (1995). Brad Pitt, Morgan Freeman. Murders based on seven deadly . Eyes Wide Shut (1999). Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman. Doctor delves into sexual underworld. . A Clockwork Orange (1971). Mal-
sins. Deadly dull. (R) (6:45) Kubrick’s last film. Languorous and provocative. (R) colm McDowell. (R) (11:40) lutionary shift,” Manohla Dargis wrote in
STARZ Hollywoodland Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance (2012). Johnny Blaze is Nutty Professor II: The Klumps (2000). Eddie Murphy. Buddy Love flash- The Equalizer 2 (2018). Robert McCall battles assassins her review for The New York Times. “The
(2006). (R) (5:14) hired to save boy from Satan. Silly fun. (PG-13) (7:22) backs. Cheap laughs, but Eddie’s great. (PG-13) to avenge murder. Violence American-style. (R) (10:49) filmmakers (Henry Gayden wrote the
STZENC Funny People Vantage Point (2008). Assassination attempt from multi- All About Steve (2009). Woman follows news cameraman Anger Management (2003). Mild-mannered businessman clashes with script, David F. Sandberg directed) adhere
(2009). (R) (4:58) ple perspectives. Gimmick without a point. (PG-13) (7:27) around country. Grimly unfunny. (PG-13) wacko therapist. Maddeningly drab, given the star power. (PG-13) (10:43)
to the heroic template, which means there’s
TMC Dan in Real Life (2007). Steve Carell, I Feel Pretty (2018). Amy Schumer, Michelle Williams. Woman wakes up be- When in Rome (2010). Kristen Bell. Magic coins give dis- Second Act (2018). Jennifer Lopez,
Juliette Binoche. (PG-13) (6:15) lieving she’s a knockout. Not even skin deep. (PG-13) illusioned woman possibility of love. (PG-13) Vanessa Hudgens. (PG-13) (11:35) a regulation villain (the reliably watchable
CABLE Mark Strong) with schemes,” she added.
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 “But they also fill in the faces and places,
A&E The First 48 “Bloody Valentine; Storm The First 48 “A Murder in Mobile.” A The First 48 “The Deadliest Sin; The First 48 “Soldier Down; Blood The First 48 “Score to Settle & In Her The First 48 (14) and add enough shading and color to Billy’s
Warning.” (14) homeless man is gunned down. Bloodlines.” (14) Vendetta.” (14) (10:01) Arms.” (14) (11:04) (12:03) world that when his inevitable fight against
AHC CIA Declassified “Fortress of War.” Chasing Conspiracies (PG) Chasing Conspiracies (PG) Chasing Conspiracies (PG) Chasing Conspiracies (PG) Chasing evil happens, it feels as if something more
AMC Man on Fire (2004). Denzel Washing- Rambo (2008). Sylvester Stallone, Julie Benz. Warrior comes out of retire- Fury (2014). Brad Pitt, Shia LaBeouf. American tank crew goes behind German lines. Grim vio- than the box office is at stake.”
ton, Dakota Fanning. (R) (5) ment. Blood bath, but with blockheaded poetry. (R) lence, superb acting. (R)
APL North Woods Law (PG) North Woods Law (PG) North Woods Law: Still Hunting Homestead Rescue (PG) Homestead Rescue (PG) North Woods THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE FELLOWSHIP OF
THE RING (2001) 8 p.m. on FXX. Few movies
BBCA Robin Hood (2010). (PG-13) (5) . Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991). Kevin Costner, Morgan Freeman. Fast, thorny, pungent. (PG-13) . Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991). (PG-13)
BET The Family That Preys (2008). Kathy Bates, Alfre Woodard. Two friends’ fami- Tyler Perry’s The Oval “Five Families.” American Soul “Fame.” Don struggles Tyler Perry’s The Oval “Five Families.” American Soul
will kill more of your social-distancing time
lies battle greed and scandal. Crude fable. (PG-13) (6) (N) (14) to get respect. (N) (14) (14) “Fame.” (14) than the three gargantuan parts of Peter
BLOOM Bloomberg Daybreak: Asia (N) (Live) Bloomberg Markets: China Open Bloomberg Markets: Asia (N) (Live) (G) Gold 1873 Coin Jackson’s “Lord of the Rings” trilogy. This
BRV The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Dirty John “No Fault.” Betty thinks she Cash Cab (N) (PG) Cash Cab (N) (PG) Cash Cab (PG) first entry sees Frodo Baggins (Elijah
“Read Between the Signs.” (14) “Santa Denise.” (14) Garcelle is honored. (N) (14) can’t be divorced. (14)
Wood) come into possession of the all-
CBSSN Sports Spectacular Bellator MMA Recharged From May 25, 2018. Bellator MMA Recharged From Dec. 28, 2019. Sports Spectac.
powerful “one ring.” The epic walking quest
CMT Last-Standing Last-Standing l CMT Celebrates Our Heroes: An Artists of the Year Special (N) (PG) CMT Celebrates Our Heroes: An Artists of the Year Special (PG) Hope Floats
that ensues may be a balm for housebound
CN Wrld, Gumball We Bare Bears American Dad American Dad American Dad Rick and Morty Bob’s Burgers Bob’s Burgers Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Robot Chicken
souls.
CNBC CNBC Special Report: Crisis In Shark Tank Software that automates Shark Tank Camping cookware. (PG) Jay Leno’s Garage “Dare to Be Differ- Jay Leno’s Garage “Risk vs. Reward.” Jay Leno’s Garage
America (N) plant care. (PG) ent.” (N) (PG) Elon Musk; Rob Riggle. (PG) (PG)
CNN Erin Burnett OutFront (N) Anderson Cooper 360 (N) Cuomo Prime Time (N) CNN Tonight with Don Lemon (N) CNN Tonight with Don Lemon (N) Anderson Cooper
360
COM South Park (MA) South Park “The South Park “Pee.” South Park “Ass- South Park “Imaginationland: The Trilogy.” Animated. The Crank Yankers The Daily Show South Park (MA) South Park (MA)
Ring.” (MA) (MA) pen.” (MA) boys cross into a new dimension. (MA) (N) (14) (11:45) (12:15)
COOK Brew & ’Que Brew & ’Que Man Fire Food Man Fire Food Man Fire Food Man Fire Food Delicious Delicious Delicious Delicious Man Fire Food
CSPAN Public Affairs Events (5) Politics and Public Policy Today Politics-Public
CSPAN2 U.S. Senate (N) Public Affairs Events Public Affairs
CUNY Classic Arts Showcase (G) Beyond the Bot Tony Guida Nueva York Lincoln Center Eldridge & Co. Stoler Rpt Conversat Bob Herbert’s Democracy
DIS Raven’s Home (G) Big City Greens Sydney to the The Owl House The Owl House Bunk’d (G) (9:40) Bunk’d (G) Gabby Duran & Sydney to the Coop & Cami Ask Just Roll With It
(7:05) (Y7) (7:35) Max (N) (G) (G) (8:45) (G) (9:15) (10:05) the Unsittables Max (G) (10:55) the World (Y7) (12:10)
DIY Holmes & Holmes (G) Holmes: Next Generation (G) Holmes: Next Generation (G) Holmes: Next Generation (G) Holmes: Next Generation (G) Holmes: Next
CHRIS O’MEARA/ASSOCIATED PRESS
DSC Expedition Unknown: Unearthed Expedition Unknown: Unearthed Expedition Unknown “Josh Gates To- Mysteries of the Deep “Nazi Toxic Hell Expedition Unknown “Africa’s Gold Expedition Un-
“Digging Into D-Day Part 1.” (PG) “Digging Into D-Day Part 2.” (PG) night: GI Josh.” (N) (PG) Sub.” (N) (PG) (10:08) Hoard.” (PG) (11:09) known Darius Rucker
E! Botched (6:30) Botched (14) Botched “Big Booty Problems.” (14) Botched “I Love New Boobs.” (14) Botched “Face Misfor-Chin.” (14) Nightly Pop (N) Sex and the City
ELREY Chuey-Show El Rey Nation El Rey Nation El Rey Nation El Rey Nation El Rey Nation Crow’s Blood Crow’s Blood Lucha Under CMT CELEBRATES OUR HEROES: AN ARTISTS OF
ESPN SportsCenter 2015 N.B.A. Finals From June 16, 2015. SportsCenter With Scott Van Pelt SportsCenter THE YEAR SPECIAL 8 p.m. on CMT. Brandi
ESPN2 N.F.L. Live 30 for 30 Murder of soccer player Andrés Escobar. Costa Rica Primera Division Soccer ACL Cornhole Carlile, Carrie Underwood, Darius Rucker,
ESPNCL M.L.B. From Oct. 15, 1986. M.L.B. From Oct. 28, 1981. M.L.B. From Oct. 14, 1983. Lady Antebellum, Little Big Town, Miranda
FOOD Guy’s Grocery Games (G) Guy’s Grocery Games (G) Guy’s Grocery Games (N) (G) Guy’s Grocery Games (G) Guy’s Grocery Games (G) Guy’s Games Lambert and many other country-music
FOXNEWS The Story With Martha MacCallum Tucker Carlson Tonight (N) Hannity (N) The Ingraham Angle (N) Fox News at Night With Shannon Tucker Carlson acts will participate in this special, a tribute
(N) Bream (N) Tonight to emergency medical workers, food indus-
FREEFRM . Wedding Crashers (2005). Owen Wilson. (R) (6) The Break-Up (2006). Vince Vaughn, Jennifer Aniston. (PG-13) The 700 Club About Harry
try employees and others on the front lines
FS1 Refuse to Lose: Jeff Gordon . Hoosiers (1986). Gene Hackman, Dennis Hopper. (PG) Greatest Games From March 2, 2019. TMZ Sports
of the pandemic. The program will include
FUSE The Parkers (PG) The Parkers (PG) My Wife & Kids My Wife & Kids My Wife & Kids My Wife & Kids The Parkers (PG) The Parkers (PG) Genius X Fuse Genius X Fuse My Wife & Kids
virtual performances from musicians’
FX World War Z (2013). Brad Pitt, The Dark Tower (2017). Idris Elba, Matthew McConaughey. Gunslinger pro- What We Do in What We Do in What We Do in . What We Do in the Shadows
Mireille Enos. (PG-13) (5:30) tects spire that holds world together. Even Elba can’t redeem it. (PG-13) the Shadows (N) the Shadows the Shadows (2014). Jemaine Clement. (R) (11:35) homes.
FXM Keeping Up With Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates (2016). Zac Efron, Adam Devine. Pair Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates (2016). Pair of im- Assassins Run (2010). Christian Slater. Ballerina’s daugh-
Joneses of imbeciles at Hawaiian wedding. Aggressively stupid. (R) (7:25) beciles at Hawaiian wedding. Aggressively stupid. (9:20) ter is kidnapped by Russian mafia. (R) (11:15)
FXX . Miss Peregrine’s Home l . The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001). Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen. (PG-13) Family Guy (14) What’s Streaming
FYI Storage Wars Storage Wars Storage Wars Storage Wars Storage Wars Storage Wars Storage Wars Storage Wars Storage Wars Storage Wars Storage Wars
GOLF Champion P.G.A. TOUR GOLF Films GOLF Films GOLF Films GOLF Films Golf Central
GSN America Says America Says America Says Master Minds Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud
HALL The Birthday Wish (2017, TVF). (6) In the Key of Love (2019, TVF). Laura Osnes, Scott Michael Foster. Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls
HGTV Celebrity IOU (G) Property Brothers (N) (PG) Property Brothers: Forever Home House Hunters House Hunters Unsellable Unsellable Property Bro.
HIST Forged in Fire “The Ikakalaka.” Recre- Forged in Fire: Cutting Deeper “Tita- Forged in Fire: Beat the Judges (Se- Counting Cars “Killer Kellison.” (Sea- Forged in Fire “The Jian Sword.” (PG) Forged in Fire:
ating the Ikakalaka African Sword. nium Smackdown.” (N) (PG) ries Premiere) (N) (PG) son Premiere) (N) (PG) (10:03) (11:05) Beat the Judges
HLN Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files The Killer Truth
ID Your Worst Nightmare “Never Let See No Evil “No Place Like Home.” Sa- See No Evil “Can I Help You?” A shop- The Case That Haunts Me (Season The Case That Haunts Me “The Evil See No Evil (14)
Go.” (14) sha disappears after a night out. keeper is shot dead. (N) (14) Premiere) (N) (14) Fantasy - Part 2.” (N) (14)
IFC Parks and Recre- Parks and Recre- Parks and Recre- Parks and Recre- Parks and Recre- Parks and Recre- Parks and Recre- Parks and Recre- Parks and Recre- Parks and Recre- Parks and Recre-
ation (PG) ation (PG) ation (PG) ation (PG) ation (PG) ation (PG) ation (PG) ation (PG) ation (PG) ation (PG) ation (PG)
LIFE Married at First Sight “Couples’ Cam: Married at First Sight “Couples’ Cam: Married at First Sight “Australia: Sea- Married at First Sight “Australia: Sea- Married at First Sight “Couples’ Cam: Married at First LACEY TERRELL/TRISTAR PICTURES
Reality Sets In.” (14) Taking on New Roles.” (N) (14) son 7, Episode 2.” (N) (14) son 7, Episode 3.” (N) (10:03) Taking on New Roles.” (11:03) Sight (14) (12:01)
LIFEMOV The Secret Lives of Cheerleaders Undercover Cheerleader (2019, TVF). Kayla Wallace, Maddie Phillips. Trans- Homekilling Queen (2019, TVF). Ashley Jones, Kaitlyn Bernard. Teenager will Undercover Tom Hanks
(2019, TVF). Denise Richards. (6) fer student does exposé on cruel culture of cheer squad. do anything to be homecoming royalty. Cheerleader
A BEAUTIFUL DAY IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00
LOGO Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With (2019) Stream on Starz platforms; rent on
Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) Children (PG) Amazon, Google Play, iTunes, Vudu and
MLB Walkoff Stories: Battle to a War . Mr. 3000 (2004). Bernie Mac, Angela Bassett. (PG-13) M.L.B. From Oct. 6, 2008. M.L.B. YouTube. Tom Hanks throws on a red cardi-
MSG MSG 150-Home Rangers Rewind From May 2, 2012. Rangers Rewind MSG 150-Home Knicks Rewind gan and an easy smile to portray the TV
MSGPL Devils Rewind (6:30) Islanders Rewind From April 24, 2002. MSG 150-Home Islanders Rewind From April 28, 2002. host Fred Rogers in this drama. Directed
MSNBC MSNBC Live: Decision 2020 (N) All In With Chris Hayes (N) The Rachel Maddow Show (N) The Last Word The 11th Hour Rachel Maddow by Marielle Heller, the film revolves around
MTV Ridiculousness Ridiculousness The Challenge An alliance comes to a crossroads. (N) Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness the relationship between Rogers and Lloyd
NBCS N.F.L. From Feb. 1, 2009 in Tampa Bay, Fla. Motorcycle Racing Monster Energy Supercross. From Salt Lake City. Vogel (Matthew Rhys), a fictional, strug-
NGEO To Catch a Smuggler: Colombia To Catch a Smuggler: Secret To Catch a Smuggler: Secret To Catch a Smuggler: Secret To Catch a Smuggler: Secret To Catch a gling magazine writer who is working on a
NICK SpongeBob SpongeBob Danger Force Young Dylan Friends (14) Friends (PG) Friends (PG) Friends (PG) Friends (14) Friends (PG) Friends (PG) profile of Rogers for Esquire. It’s not a
NICKJR Paw Patrol (Y) Blaze, Monster Bubble Guppies Blue’s Clues Peppa Pig (Y) Peppa Pig (Y) Peppa Pig (Y) Peppa Pig (Y) Bubble Guppies Blue’s Clues Peppa Pig (Y) straight-ahead biopic — the movie is as
NY1 Primary Debate for New York’s News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening Primary Debate for New York’s News All Night much about Vogel as it is about Rogers —
OVA . The Terminator (1984). Linda Hamilton. Ruthless cyborg from future. Fast, vivid sci-fi. (R) The Craft (1996). Teenage witches. Cheesy but entertaining. (R) Tremors (1990). Kevin Bacon. (PG-13) but the biggest draw for many is, of course,
OWN 20/20 on OWN “Rear Window.” (14) 20/20 on OWN “After Midnight.” 20/20 on OWN “Stolen at Birth.” 20/20 on OWN “Who’s Guilty?” (14) 20/20 on OWN “Witness.” (14) 20/20 on OWN seeing Rogers, the ultimate TV nice guy,
OXY Dateline: Secrets Uncovered (PG) Dateline: Secrets Uncovered (PG) Dateline: Secrets Uncovered (PG) Dateline: Secrets Uncovered “Infatuation.” (PG) Dateline: Secr. played by Hanks, the ultimate Hollywood
PARMT Two/Half Men Two/Half Men CMT Celebrates Our Heroes: An Artists of the Year Special (N) (PG) Red (2010). Bruce Willis. Retired spies take on former employer. Well-aged ham. (PG-13) nice guy. “I think it’s an essence thing,”
SCIENCE Impossible Engineering How It’s Made (N) (G) Building Giants (N) (PG) Sea Monsters (N) (PG) Engineering Catastrophes (PG) Building Giants Heller told The Times last year, in refer-
SMITH Aerial America “The Great Plains.” America’s Mississippi (PG) Killer Hornets (G) Aerial Africa “Spirit of Ubuntu.” America’s Mississippi (PG) Killer Hornets ence to Hanks being cast in the role. “It’s
SNY Baseball Night Mets Classics From Oct. 20, 2015. Baseball Night Mets Classics From Oct. 20, 2015. something in the energy and the essence
STZENF Adventures-Rocky & Bullw. Thunderbirds (2004). Bill Paxton. (PG) (8:02) Masters of the Universe (1987). Dolph Lundgren. (PG) (9:38) Getting Even With Dad (11:25) and behind the eyes that you feel the same
SUN Criminal Minds “Lessons Learned.” Criminal Minds “Sex, Birth, Death.” Criminal Minds “Profiler, Profiled.” Criminal Minds “No Way Out.” A prolif- Criminal Minds “The Big Game.” A Criminal Minds way looking at him as you feel looking at
The BAU interrogates a terrorist. (PG) Possible serial killer. (PG) Team delves into Morgan’s past. (PG) ic serial killer. (Part 1 of 2) (14) wealthy couple’s murder. (14) (Part 2 of 2) (14)
SYFY . Jurassic Park (1993). Sam Neill, Laura Dern. Spielberg’s prehistoric ani- . The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997). Jeff Goldblum, Julianne Moore. Mercenaries, scientists and genetically Jurassic Park III
Mister Rogers, and that was what was so
mal blockbuster, via Crichton novel. Gripping. (PG-13) (6:05) engineered dinosaurs. Messy but entertaining. (PG-13) (2000). (PG-13) important to me. I never wanted him to be
TBS The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- Full Frontal With Conan (N) (14) Full Frontal With Brooklyn Nine- doing an imitation.”
ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (14) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (14) Samantha Bee Samantha Bee Nine (14) GABE COHN
TCM . My Six Convicts (1952). Millard Peckinpah Suite . Ride the High Country (1962). Randolph Scott, Joel McCrea. Aging gun- . The Wild Bunch (1969). William Holden. Peckinpah’s
Mitchell, Gilbert Roland. (6) fighters via Peckinpah. Grand, picaresque surprise. (9:15) magnetic western. Drippingly violent and gory. (R)
TLC My 600-Lb. Life (14) (6) My 600-Lb. Life “Joyces Story.” Joyce needs home health care. (14) My 600-Lb. Life “Lindsey’s Story.” Lindsey goes on a weight loss journey. My 600-Lb. Life
TNT Eagle Eye (2008). Shia LaBeouf, Mi- All Elite Wrestling: Dynamite Jack Reacher (2012). Tom Cruise, Rosamund Pike. Shadowy investigator probes sniper attack. ONLINE: TELEVISION LISTINGS
chelle Monaghan. (PG-13) (5:30) Weary brutality. (PG-13)
Daily television highlights, recent reviews by
TRAV Destination Fear (14) Destination Fear “Pushed to the Limit.” (N) (14) Destination Fear (N) (14) Destination Fear (14) Destination Fear
The Times's critics, series recaps and what to
TRU Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Amy Sedaris Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Inside Jokes
watch recommendations. nytimes.com/tv
TVLAND Andy Griffith Andy Griffith CMT Celebrates Our Heroes: An Artists of the Year Special (N) (PG) Two/Half Men Two/Half Men King of Queens King of Queens King of Queens
USA NCIS “Homefront.” A 14-year-old stops W.W.E. NXT . Speed (1994). Keanu Reeves, Sandra Bullock. Bomb on a bus. Savvy plotting and wall-to-wall
a home invasion. (14) action. (R)
Definitions of symbols used in Ratings:
VH1 Bad Boys II (2003). Martin Lawrence, Will Smith. (R) (6:30) Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out the program listings: (Y) All children
VICE Expensiveist Expensiveist Always Sunny Always Sunny Always Sunny Always Sunny Always Sunny Always Sunny VICE News Seat at-Table Mercy-Malice ★ Recommended film (Y7) Directed to older children
✩ Recommended series (G) General audience
WE Law & Order “D-Girl.” Murder case Law & Order “Turnaround.” (Part 2 of Law & Order “Showtime.” A tape Law & Order “Mad Dog.” McCoy thinks Law & Order “Double Down.” (PG) Law & Order “We ● New or noteworthy program (PG) Parental guidance
leads to Hollywood. (Part 1 of 3) (14) 3) (14) points to a new suspect. (Part 3 of 3) parolee killed teen. (14) Like Mike.” (N) New show or episode suggested
(CC) Closed-caption (14) Parents strongly cautioned
WGN-A Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With Married . With
(HD) High definition (MA) Mature audience only
YES YES We’re Here YES We’re Here Nets Classics From March 19, 2019. Road Trippin’ YES We’re Here YES We’re Here Nets Classics
 C8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Weather Report Meteorology by AccuWeather

Vancouver
60s 60s
50s Metropolitan Forecast
50s Regina
Reg
TODAY ...................Warmer, thunderstorms Record
Seattle
Seat Winnipeg
eg Quebecc
50s
50s High 84. It will be warmer and more TODAY highs
Spokane H
Halifax
Portlan
an
nd 70ss
Helena
70s
0 Montreal humid. There will be sunshine, but a cold
Bismarck Fargo
a
60s
front will bring showers or thunderstorms F S S M T W T F S S
Eugen
ne
ne Billings Ottawa Por
Portland 90°
80ss Burlington
rl t
M
Ma
Manchester
in the afternoon.
Boi
Bo
Boise
80s L 60s St. Paul
S Toronto
To
70s
Albany
ny Bos
Boston TONIGHT .....................Thunderstorms early
Minneapolis
70s
70
0s Casper
asp
sp
Pierre Milwauke
ee Detroit Buffalo Hartford
Ha
ar
a Low 68. The cold front will shift slowly
90s
Sioux
ou Falls
New York
N across the area. There will be showers or
70ss Chicago
Chicago
R no
Reno 70ss Des Moines Cleveland
land
d Pittsburgh thunderstorms in the evening, then
100+
100
00 90s Om
Omaha Philadelphia
Ph
hi
h 80°
Salt Lakkke Cheyen
h ennne
nne cloudy skies later at night.
Cityy Springfield
pringfi
pringf Indianapolis
a Washi
Washington
ashi
San
n Francisco
ancisco
ncis 70ss
7
0ss Denvve
60
0 ver Kansas TOMORROW .......................Sunshine, warm Normal
Richm
chmond
Fre
resno
esno Las Colorad
C do 90s L Topekaa City
C
St. Lo
Louis Lo
ouisville
o
Charleston
e
90s
N
Norfolk
H High 85. Despite the passage of the cold
highs
Vegas 70s Spring
gs
80ss 9
90s front, the air will remain quite warm.
70s
0s Wichita Raleig
eigh
eig
gh
Los
oss Ange
ge
geles 80s Santa Fe 70s Nas
ashville 80s
as 80 Ch
harlotte There will be sunshine and afternoon
Oklahoma Ci
City Memphis
hii showers. 70°
Phoe
Ph oenix
oen Albuquerqu
Albuquerque
Albuquerq Little Rock
Sa
Sa
an
n Diego Colum
umb
umbia
100+ Lubbock
Birmingham
m
Atlanta
a FRIDAY .....................Warm, thunderstorms
Tucson
Dallas It will be a very warm and humid day. The
El Paso Ft. Worth
Ft Jackson highest chance of showers or thunder-
80s 70s J
Jacksonville storms will be in the afternoon or evening.
80s
0 Normal
Honolulu
olulu
ulu
u
Baton
B o Rouge Mo
Mobile
There will also be some sunshine. 60° lows
San Antonio
S New Or
Orlando
H
Hilo Ho
Hou
ouston
60s
60
0s
0s Orleans Tampa
a SATURDAY
70s
0 70s
SUNDAY ..........Thunderstorms, then cooler
90s Corpus Christi
C
80s
0s Miami A cold front will bring showers or thunder-
Nassau
40s
80s Monterrey
Monterrrey storms on Saturday amid sunshine. The
5
50s
60s
Weather patterns shown as expected at noon today, Eastern time. high will be 86. Sunday will be cooler, 50°
TODAY’S HIGHS
with sunshine and showers. High 78.
Fairbanks Forecast
<0 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 100+ Record
Actual range lows
Anchora
Anchorage
chorage H L High High
Juneau
uneau COLD WARM STATIONARY COMPLEX HIGH LOW MOSTLY SHOWERS T-STORMS RAIN FLURRIES SNOW ICE
FRONTS COLD PRESSURE CLOUDY PRECIPITATION Low Low

Highlight: Potential Impacts from Cristobal National Forecast Metropolitan Almanac

Tropical Storm Cristobal is A dome of heat over the Central States In Central Park, for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday.
expected to stay rather will be pushed into the Southeast and
stationary in the Bay of Mid-Atlantic. Temperature Precipitation (in inches)
Campeche until this Thunderstorms, causing high winds, Record Yesterday ............... 0.00
weekend and into early high 96° Record .................... 2.79
large hail and flash flooding, will extend (1895)
next week. The center of along a swath from Kansas to New Jersey. 90° MON. YESTERDAY For the last 30 days
the storm is anticipated to Actual ..................... 1.40
POTENTIAL
New Orleans Heavy showers and thunderstorms are Normal .................... 4.14
move north into the Gulf of Houston IMPACTS
anticipated in the rest of the Northeast,
Tampa For the last 365 days
Mexico. It is still uncertain lower Mississippi Valley and Gulf Coast. A 80° Actual ................... 44.60
where exactly the storm Potential 72° Normal Normal .................. 49.90
tracks few thunderstorms may develop in the 3 p.m. high 76°
will track, but flooding afternoon over the central Rockies and LAST 30 DAYS
rainfall can be expected parts of the northern High Plains. Air pressure Humidity
70°
from the southern coast of Slightly cooler air will settle over the High ........... 30.11 1 a.m. High ............. 55% 5 a.m.
Texas to Mobile Bay in Strengthens Low ............ 29.92 4 p.m. Low .............. 36% 2 p.m.
Upper Midwest, as heat holds on with
Alabama early next week. sunshine over the interior Southwest. Normal Cooling Degree Days
60°
CRISTOBAL The Northwest will get cooler, with low 59°
An index of fuel consumption that tracks how
clouds and sunshine. Cristobal, which 59° far the day's mean temperature rose above 65
formed on Tuesday, will brew over the 5 a.m. Record Yesterday..................................................................... 1
southwestern Gulf of Mexico. 50° low 48° So far this month.......................................................... 1
(1946) So far this season (since January 1) .......................... 45
Normal to date for the season ................................... 75

4 12 6 12 4
p.m. a.m. a.m. p.m. p.m. Trends Temperature Precipitation
Little Rock 88/ 69 0 86/ 70 PC 90/ 72 T New Delhi 99/ 78 0.21 101/ 79 PC 96/ 74 C
Cities Los Angeles 84/ 66 0 86/ 63 S 82/ 61 PC Riyadh 109/ 81 0 111/ 84 PC 111/ 83 PC Average Average
High/low temperatures for the 16 hours ended at 4 Louisville 89/ 70 0 91/ 72 PC 88/ 71 T Seoul 73/ 57 0.38 79/ 62 PC 79/ 61 PC Avg. daily departure Avg. daily departure Below Above Below Above
p.m. yesterday, Eastern time, and precipitation (in inches) Memphis 90/ 72 0 87/ 72 PC 87/ 74 T Shanghai 91/ 70 0.13 81/ 73 R 85/ 71 C from normal from normal Last 10 days
for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday. Miami 87/ 78 0.28 86/ 77 T 83/ 78 T Singapore 90/ 79 0.17 90/ 77 PC 87/ 79 T this month
...................... -4.3° this.........................
year +2.3°
Milwaukee 91/ 69 0.05 83/ 61 T 82/ 65 S Sydney 63/ 48 0.12 63/ 48 W 61/ 45 PC 30 days
Expected conditions for today and tomorrow.
Mpls.-St. Paul 92/ 63 0 86/ 65 S 86/ 65 T Taipei City 90/ 77 0.04 95/ 77 PC 95/ 77 PC 90 days
C ........................ Clouds S .............................Sun Nashville 90/ 68 0 90/ 71 PC 86/ 69 T Tehran 100/ 78 0 102/ 79 PC 100/ 78 PC Reservoir levels (New York City water supply) 365 days
F............................. Fog Sn ....................... Snow New Orleans 90/ 75 0 87/ 76 T 89/ 77 S Tokyo 79/ 68 0.06 81/ 69 C 79/ 70 C
H .......................... Haze SS .......... Snow showers Norfolk 82/ 70 Tr 92/ 74 PC 90/ 72 T Yesterday ............... 98% Chart shows how recent temperature and precipitation
Oklahoma City 86/ 67 0 92/ 71 PC 95/ 72 C Europe Yesterday Today Tomorrow
I............................... Ice T............ Thunderstorms Est. normal ............. 99% trends compare with those of the last 30 years.
Omaha 94/ 68 0 89/ 67 PC 90/ 70 T Amsterdam 77/ 56 0 68/ 51 C 59/ 48 T
PC ............. Partly cloudy Tr ......................... Trace Athens 73/ 58 0 75/ 60 T 77/ 60 S
Orlando 85/ 70 0.20 86/ 72 T 81/ 72 T
R ........................... Rain W ........................ Windy Berlin 81/ 50 0.01 77/ 56 PC 76/ 56 C
Philadelphia 75/ 64 0.01 90/ 70 T 87/ 69 T
Sh ................... Showers –............... Not available Brussels 82/ 55 0 74/ 53 PC 61/ 46 C
Phoenix
Pittsburgh
108/
79/
85
67
0.02 110/ 84 S
0.18 82/ 65 T
110/
79/
86
65
PC
T Budapest 68/ 49 0.05 72/ 52 PC 75/ 60 C
Recreational Forecast
N.Y.C. region Yesterday Today Tomorrow
Portland, Me. 65/ 52 0 70/ 53 PC 76/ 54 PC Copenhagen 77/ 54 0 63/ 51 PC 66/ 52 T
New York City 72/ 59 0 84/ 68 T 85/ 67 PC Portland, Ore. 76/ 52 0 74/ 50 PC 73/ 52 PC Dublin 75/ 45 0 60/ 41 C 60/ 42 C Sun, Moon and Planets Beach and Ocean Temperatures
Bridgeport 72/ 55 0 79/ 64 T 82/ 65 PC Providence 71/ 56 0 81/ 62 T 85/ 65 PC Edinburgh 73/ 49 0.08 57/ 42 C 57/ 41 C
Caldwell 74/ 52 Tr 85/ 65 T 89/ 68 PC Raleigh 84/ 67 Tr 92/ 72 S 92/ 71 T Frankfurt 82/ 54 0 80/ 58 C 68/ 50 T Full Last Quarter New First Quarter
Danbury 71/ 49 0 82/ 60 T 85/ 63 PC Reno 88/ 58 0 92/ 60 S 91/ 60 S Geneva 79/ 55 0 77/ 55 T 63/ 52 T Today’s forecast
Islip 74/ 54 0.01 81/ 63 T 83/ 64 PC Richmond 84/ 71 0.01 94/ 75 PC 93/ 72 T Helsinki 61/ 43 0 63/ 48 S 62/ 50 C
Newark 75/ 56 Tr 86/ 68 T 87/ 69 PC Rochester 71/ 62 0.07 78/ 59 T 79/ 59 S Istanbul 68/ 57 0.19 69/ 58 Sh 74/ 62 S
Trenton 72/ 53 0.05 87/ 65 T 86/ 67 T Sacramento 98/ 64 0 103/ 63 S 99/ 59 S Kiev 55/ 43 0.14 63/ 46 PC 65/ 50 Sh June 5 June 13 June 21 June 28
White Plains 71/ 52 0 82/ 63 T 84/ 64 PC Salt Lake City 87/ 65 0 91/ 71 PC 93/ 73 S Lisbon 75/ 62 0 76/ 61 PC 74/ 59 T 3:11 p.m. 2:41 a.m.
United States Yesterday Today Tomorrow San Antonio 87/ 71 0.04 90/ 73 PC 93/ 73 PC London 77/ 54 0 66/ 50 C 62/ 47 C Kennebunkport
San Diego 75/ 65 0 76/ 63 PC 74/ 65 PC Madrid 88/ 60 0 84/ 61 S 74/ 51 T Sun RISE 5:26 a.m. Moon S 4:02 a.m. 69/54 A shower or thunderstorm
Albany 73/ 57 0.04 80/ 60 C 84/ 61 PC Moscow 52/ 47 0.10 60/ 55 R 68/ 51 R
San Francisco 81/ 58 0 80/ 55 S 73/ 54 S SET 8:23 p.m. R 6:02 p.m.
Albuquerque 89/ 64 0 92/ 66 PC 95/ 66 S Nice 73/ 64 0.08 73/ 62 PC 69/ 60 R
San Jose 92/ 63 0 94/ 63 S 88/ 57 S NEXT R 5:26 a.m. S 4:37 a.m. Cape Cod 40s
Anchorage 61/ 49 0 62/ 47 PC 57/ 46 C Oslo 77/ 51 0 70/ 51 PC 66/ 51 R
San Juan 90/ 78 0.03 91/ 78 PC 92/ 78 S 74/63 A shower or thunderstorm
Atlanta 86/ 68 0 88/ 70 PC 85/ 69 PC Paris 86/ 59 0 79/ 55 C 64/ 50 C Jupiter S 8:48 a.m. Mars R 1:39 a.m.
Seattle 65/ 51 0 69/ 51 PC 68/ 51 PC
Atlantic City 72/ 63 Tr 85/ 69 T 79/ 66 PC Prague 68/ 47 0.49 74/ 51 PC 73/ 54 C R 11:16 p.m. S 12:46 p.m.
Sioux Falls 90/ 59 0 84/ 64 PC 85/ 64 T L.I. North Shore
Austin 88/ 69 0.07 90/ 71 T 92/ 72 PC Rome 74/ 55 0 77/ 59 S 75/ 64 W
Spokane 72/ 46 0 71/ 49 PC 71/ 51 PC Saturn S 9:13 a.m. Venus R 5:25 a.m.
Baltimore 76/ 63 0.08 94/ 70 PC 88/ 69 T St. Petersburg 63/ 40 0 66/ 53 PC 63/ 52 R 81/65 An afternoon thunderstorm
St. Louis 91/ 71 0 93/ 71 T 86/ 73 T R 11:32 p.m. S 8:23 p.m.
Baton Rouge 89/ 72 0 87/ 70 T 89/ 71 T Stockholm 63/ 50 0 65/ 41 PC 64/ 47 PC
St. Thomas 88/ 80 0 89/ 80 PC 89/ 80 S
Birmingham 88/ 69 0 86/ 67 T 83/ 67 PC Vienna 70/ 49 0 72/ 52 PC 78/ 60 C L.I. South Shore
Syracuse 69/ 60 0.13 77/ 59 T 81/ 59 S Boating
Boise 83/ 59 0 86/ 59 PC 84/ 59 PC Tampa 88/ 73 0.15 84/ 74 T 81/ 75 T Warsaw 68/ 48 0.01 61/ 45 PC 70/ 52 PC 77/65 An afternoon thunderstorm
Boston 66/ 58 Tr 80/ 63 PC 84/ 63 PC Toledo 85/ 72 0.16 84/ 61 T 87/ 64 PC 50s
North America Yesterday Today Tomorrow From Montauk Point to Sandy Hook, N.J., out to 20
Buffalo 69/ 62 0.14 74/ 58 T 79/ 61 S Tucson 102/ 75 0 104/ 77 S 106/ 79 PC N.J. Shore
Burlington 68/ 55 Tr 71/ 54 C 77/ 56 PC nautical miles, including Long Island Sound and New York
Tulsa 87/ 71 0 91/ 73 PC 94/ 74 PC Acapulco 86/ 74 0 84/ 76 C 84/ 76 PC 85/69 An afternoon thunderstorm
Casper 82/ 50 0 82/ 53 PC 87/ 50 W Harbor.
Virginia Beach 79/ 69 0 89/ 72 PC 87/ 70 T Bermuda 71/ 64 0 73/ 68 S 76/ 69 S
Charlotte 84/ 67 0 89/ 71 S 88/ 68 T Washington 78/ 68 0.06 94/ 73 PC 92/ 72 T Edmonton 68/ 44 0 62/ 41 Sh 63/ 39 PC Wind will be from the southwest at 8-16 knots. Wave Eastern Shore
Chattanooga 88/ 68 0 89/ 71 PC 84/ 69 T Wichita 91/ 70 0 95/ 71 PC 96/ 72 PC Guadalajara 87/ 62 0 92/ 61 PC 95/ 61 PC heights will be a foot or less on Long Island Sound and 90/70 Much warmer
Chicago 94/ 73 0 86/ 66 T 88/ 69 PC Wilmington, Del. 72/ 61 0.03 90/ 67 PC 86/ 66 PC Havana 88/ 72 0.02 87/ 75 T 85/ 75 C New York Harbor and 2-4 feet on the ocean. Visibility
Cincinnati 86/ 67 0 87/ 69 PC 83/ 68 T Kingston 88/ 77 0 89/ 78 W 88/ 79 W reduced in a thunderstorm, mainly late. Ocean City Md.
Cleveland 82/ 70 0.12 79/ 63 T 82/ 65 PC Africa Yesterday Today Tomorrow 60s
Martinique 90/ 78 0.10 87/ 78 Sh 88/ 77 Sh 84/68 Warmer with some sun
Colorado Springs 86/ 56 0 84/ 57 PC 87/ 56 PC Algiers 83/ 59 0 84/ 62 PC 88/ 64 W Mexico City 78/ 55 0.04 78/ 55 T 80/ 54 T High Tides
Columbus 86/ 68 0.04 87/ 68 T 84/ 69 T Cairo 88/ 70 0 89/ 69 S 92/ 68 S Monterrey 84/ 69 0.20 89/ 70 T 90/ 71 PC Virginia Beach Color bands
Concord, N.H. 70/ 51 0 79/ 55 PC 84/ 55 PC Cape Town 65/ 49 0 68/ 48 C 74/ 51 PC Montreal 66/ 47 0.04 64/ 49 R 75/ 57 PC Atlantic City .................... 5:54 a.m. .............. 6:28 p.m. indicate water
89/72 Partly sunny, warmer
Dallas-Ft. Worth 87/ 72 0 92/ 74 PC 95/ 75 S Dakar 81/ 73 0 81/ 74 PC 80/ 74 PC Nassau 85/ 78 0.12 86/ 77 T 86/ 76 PC Barnegat Inlet ................. 6:07 a.m. .............. 6:39 p.m. temperature.
Denver 88/ 57 0 87/ 57 PC 89/ 58 PC Johannesburg 74/ 39 0 72/ 42 PC 69/ 42 PC Panama City 84/ 74 0.25 83/ 76 T 85/ 76 T The Battery ..................... 6:44 a.m. .............. 7:15 p.m.
Des Moines 92/ 69 0 87/ 68 PC 87/ 70 T Nairobi 77/ 55 0.04 77/ 55 PC 76/ 56 C Quebec City 66/ 38 0 65/ 43 PC 73/ 47 C Beach Haven .................. 7:32 a.m. .............. 8:06 p.m.
Detroit 87/ 72 0.17 84/ 63 T 85/ 64 PC Tunis 79/ 60 0 82/ 66 S 94/ 67 PC Santo Domingo 88/ 73 0.02 91/ 73 PC 92/ 74 PC Bridgeport ...................... 9:50 a.m. ............ 10:10 p.m.
El Paso 97/ 71 0 102/ 77 S 104/ 79 PC Toronto 70/ 55 0.26 78/ 58 T 79/ 61 PC City Island ..................... 10:09 a.m. ............ 10:23 p.m.
It will be a much warmer and humid day
Fargo 81/ 56 0.01 85/ 58 S 79/ 55 PC Asia/Pacific Yesterday Today Tomorrow Vancouver 55/ 49 0.06 63/ 48 C 64/ 49 C
Hartford 75/ 57 0 82/ 60 T 87/ 61 PC Baghdad 108/ 77 0 106/ 74 PC 105/ 77 PC Fire Island Lt. .................. 7:00 a.m. .............. 7:34 p.m. at most beaches, but some areas from
Winnipeg 80/ 56 0.01 81/ 56 PC 78/ 51 T
Honolulu 88/ 75 0 87/ 75 Sh 87/ 74 Sh Bangkok 93/ 77 0.36 93/ 80 T 93/ 79 T Montauk Point ................ 7:26 a.m. .............. 7:49 p.m. eastern Long Island through Cape Cod
Houston 90/ 72 Tr 90/ 73 T 91/ 73 PC Beijing 92/ 61 0 97/ 63 S 89/ 60 C South America Yesterday Today Tomorrow Northport ..................... 10:07 a.m. ............ 10:24 p.m.
Indianapolis 86/ 67 0 87/ 68 T 82/ 68 T Damascus 95/ 55 0 83/ 49 PC 87/ 54 PC Buenos Aires 58/ 43 0 58/ 46 C 58/ 51 S Port Washington ........... 10:25 a.m. ............ 10:37 p.m. will remain cool. There will be showers
Jackson 90/ 71 0 86/ 71 PC 86/ 71 PC Hong Kong 89/ 80 0.22 91/ 83 PC 91/ 83 Sh Caracas 84/ 72 0 85/ 74 Sh 86/ 75 S Sandy Hook .................... 6:14 a.m. .............. 6:48 p.m. and thunderstorms at some New England
Jacksonville 83/ 65 0 88/ 71 PC 79/ 71 T Jakarta 91/ 77 0.12 91/ 77 T 93/ 76 Sh Lima 68/ 63 0 69/ 62 PC 68/ 61 PC Shinnecock Inlet ............. 6:01 a.m. .............. 6:30 p.m.
Kansas City 88/ 71 0 90/ 71 T 88/ 72 T Jerusalem 81/ 60 0 75/ 54 S 81/ 57 S Quito 61/ 50 0.25 67/ 51 Sh 68/ 50 R Stamford ........................ 9:59 a.m. ............ 10:17 p.m.
beaches, but they won’t occur not until
Key West 86/ 79 0 86/ 80 T 86/ 81 T Karachi 94/ 83 0 95/ 83 PC 96/ 85 PC Recife 88/ 75 0.06 86/ 75 PC 85/ 76 Sh Tarrytown ....................... 8:33 a.m. .............. 9:04 p.m. late in the day or at night farther south
Las Vegas 103/ 80 0 103/ 80 PC 106/ 81 S Manila 97/ 82 0.03 96/ 81 S 97/ 81 PC Rio de Janeiro 77/ 66 0 77/ 70 PC 76/ 70 PC
Lexington 86/ 67 0 88/ 69 PC 85/ 68 T Mumbai 91/ 81 0.24 85/ 80 R 89/ 83 T Santiago 57/ 43 0.02 53/ 36 Sh 59/ 36 S
Willets Point .................. 10:07 a.m. ............ 10:21 p.m. through New Jersey.
2 A GOOD APPETITE 4 ORIGIN STORY

Grilled salmon demands Japanese whisky, and all its

attention. BY MELISSA CLARK uncertainties. BY CLAY RISEN
6 RESTAURANT TO RETAIL 5 THE POUR

The pandemic creates a new After Covid-19, a new bond

link in the food supply chain. with wine. BY ERIC ASIMOV

RESTAURANTS RECIPES WINE SPIRITS WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 D1

N

‘Thinking Like a Sturgeon’

PHOTOGRAPHS BY JENNY RIFFLE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Patient conservation efforts by the Yakama Nation have preserved the The Columbia River once
snaked freely through
Columbia River and nurtured its fish. Now those long-term investments the Pacific Northwest.
are reaping a healthy ecosystem and lucrative caviar. For almost a century,
dams like the Dalles
Dam, above, have broken
ecological disruption. Along with many its flow and devastated
By AMELIA NIERENBERG
other species, the sturgeon population the river’s sturgeon
THE YAKAMA NATION, WASH. — For cen- dwindled to a fraction of what it once was. population. But in the
turies, sturgeon the size of great white But in the past decade, the fish have been past decade, the
sharks swam the Columbia River. Its cur- coming back. In 2009, Donella C. Miller sturgeon, left, have been
rents spread their eggs, scattering them started building the Yakama Nation White coming back with the
across the bottom. Its waterfalls churned Sturgeon Management Project in an aban- help of the Yakama
up food for them to eat. Some lived as long doned cornfield in Toppenish, Wash., about Nation.
as 150 years and grew longer than 15 feet. 160 miles southeast of Seattle. To date, she
But in the late 1800s, commercial fisher- and her crew of three men have released
men came, killing the fish for their caviar, more than 91,000 sturgeon into the river.
which was shipped around the country as a “They seem ancient,” Ms. Miller said.
delicacy. Half a century later, in the 1930s, “They just look through you.”
hydroelectric dams fractured the river’s As she walks by the pools in the hatchery,
snaking flow. Soon, the entire Columbia ba- Ms. Miller often drags her fingertips across
sin, which stretches through the Pacific the surface of the water, just saying hello. A
Northwest into Canada, faced a profound CONTINUED ON PAGE D7

Quarantine and the Hapless Home Cook

To those who feel lost in the “I stuck it in the oven at a random tem-
perature because I didn’t bother to read the
kitchen, even warming up instructions,” recalled Ms. Hodges, 22, who
pizza can be a challenge. didn’t put the pizza on a dish. “About 20 min-
utes in, it fell through the cracks of my
oven.” The result was both doughy and
Text by PRIYA KRISHNA
charred. “I sat on the floor and started cry-
Illustrations by JESSICA OLIEN
ing.”
When she began self-isolating in her apart- After that disaster — and another involv-
ment in College Station, Texas, in March, ing undercooked pasta that crunched when
Melissa Hodges thought it would be her big she bit in — she is resigned to dinners of
opportunity to finally learn to cook. After breakfast cereal and other undemanding
all, so many of her classmates at Texas foods. “The kitchen just sits there and
A&M University, where she is a senior, were stares at me,” she said.
posting Instagram photos of glossy strands Cooking, one of life’s most basic chores,
of spaghetti carbonara and citrus scones has suddenly become a creative outlet and
drizzled with a sticky glaze. source of comfort for a whole new audience
Then she tried to heat up a frozen pizza. CONTINUED ON PAGE D8
D2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

MELISSA CLARK A GOOD APPETITE

Grilled Salmon That Captures the Season

Pair it with crisp lettuces and a
pungent chile-lime dressing.
I GENERALLY PREFER my salmon raw or
cured rather than cooked. But grilled salm-
on, still dark pink at the center and a little
charred at the edges, is a soft, silky excep-
tion.
Grilling salmon to this degree of perfec-
tion isn’t easy, though.
First of all, salmon has a tendency to
stick. If you don’t have a grilling basket, and
if your grate isn’t clean and well oiled, the
fish will glue itself onto the grill, then tear
when you try to remove it.
Always give the grate a brushing even if
you think it’s clean enough. In this case, be-
ing extra fussy will work in your favor.
Second, grilled salmon is also easy to
overcook, going from buttery to chalky in
less time than it takes to open that chilled
bottle of white you thought you were going
to sip while you cooked.
Open it before you start. Salmon grilling
is no time for multitasking.
Placing the fish over indirect heat gives
you a little more leeway. It slows the

PHOTOGRAPHS BY DAVID MALOSH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES. FOOD STYLIST: SIMON ANDREWS.

GRILLED SALMON SALAD WITH AND TO DRINK . . .

LIME, CHILES AND HERBS
With the savory,
TIME: 30 MINUTES herbal, pungent
YIELD: 4 SERVINGS flavors of this
process, allowing the fish to cook more 2 limes Vietnamese-
evenly than it would sitting directly over the 2 small fresh red or green chiles or 1 style dish, I
fury of glowing coals, while still taking on would look for a lively white
large one, thinly sliced, seeds removed
their smoky taste. with plenty of acidity and
You’ll need to keep an eye on it, but a few if you like
1 shallot (or 2 scallions, or 2 tablespoons ideally a small amount of
distracted seconds won’t be disastrous.
residual sugar. Top of the list
Also, if you can buy your fish in one big red onion), thinly sliced
piece, instead of individual servings, it will 2 tablespoons fish sauce in this category would be
be less likely to overcook. It’s done when the Kosher salt Mosel rieslings labeled kabi-
surface is browned in spots, and the center, Pinch of granulated sugar nett or spätlese, lightly sweet
when poked with a knife, is tender but does- ¼ cup extra-virgin olive oil or grapeseed yet thrillingly balanced
n’t yet flake. wines that are also low in
oil, plus more for brushing
Once cooked, you have loads of options alcohol. While they would be
for serving it, either plain with a squeeze of 1¼ pounds salmon fillet, preferably 1 large in the olive oil. It won’t emulsify, so mix again the salmon. They won’t char, but they will cook
center-cut piece my first choice, many people
lemon or lime, or more gussied up. before using. and mellow in flavor, which is the aim.
8 cups salad greens, such as Little Gem, reflexively reject sweet
I love turning grilled salmon into a salad,
smothering it in a spicy, limey dressing bibb or Boston lettuce
3. Brush the salmon with oil, and place it in a 5. When the salmon is cooked, transfer it to a wines, so dry options would
while it’s hot so it can absorb all the flavors. 1 cup mixed soft herbs (such as cilantro,
grilling basket if you have one. Cook over the plate and spoon some dressing over it. Let it include grüner veltliner from
And the flavors of this particular dressing mint and basil), leaves and tender
indirect (unlit) side of the grill, for 2 to 5 cool slightly, then break up the fish into large Austria, Loire sauvignon
were inspired by nuoc cham, the traditional stems
minutes per side, depending on how hot the chunks. blancs, pinot blancs, pinot
Vietnamese dipping sauce made from lime grill is and how thick the salmon is. Note that 6. Place greens, remaining shallots, herbs, and gris from Oregon and Vou-
1 cup thinly sliced radishes, cucumbers
juice, fish sauce, sugar, and often chiles or individual fillets will cook faster than a single vrays and other dry chenin
or both (optional) radishes or cucumber, if using, in a large
garlic. I used shallots instead of garlic, and I large piece. Check the salmon often. blancs. You could also drink
added a little oil to turn it into a sweet, pun- shallow bowl or on a platter, and add a little
(Alternatively, roast the salmon on a baking more of the dressing. Squeeze some of the sparkling wines with this
gent dressing. 1. Light the grill for indirect heat, or heat the
sheet in the oven, until just cooked to taste, 7 dish. If you want a red, an
Then, just before serving, I plopped the oven to 450 degrees. juice from a charred lime half over it and drizzle
fish onto a bed of crisp lettuces and vegeta- to 12 minutes; you don't have to flip it.) with a little olive oil. Toss and taste, adding lime easygoing cabernet franc
bles, topping it with fresh herbs. 2. As the grill or oven heat up, make the from the Loire or a Beaujo-
4. As the salmon cooks, halve the other lime. juice, olive oil or salt as needed.
The fish fell apart into large, satiny dressing: Halve 1 lime, and squeeze its juice lais-Villages would do, lightly
Brush the cut sides with olive oil and grill, 7. Top with the salmon chunks and drizzle with
chunks, and I ate it warm and tangy against into a small bowl. Add the chile slices, half of chilled.
cut-side down, over direct heat until charred, more (or all) of the dressing. Serve with the
the cool vegetables — and even cooler wine. the sliced shallot (save the rest for serving), the ERIC ASIMOV
about 1 minute. If using the oven, throw the remaining charred lime half on the side for
fish sauce and a pinch each salt and sugar. Let
halves, cut-side up, on the roasting pan with squeezing.
sit for 1 minute to dissolve the salt, then whisk

Peak Strawberries
Get to Shine Bright
Simplicity and in-season that some brands of shortbread have more
sugar than others and may require a little
beauties yield a special pie. less sweetener in the crust mixture. Gra-
ham crackers or chocolate wafers would be
By SAMANTHA SENEVIRATNE nice, too.
Strawberries may grace the supermarket Inside is simply a mixture of fresh, quar-
produce aisle all year round, but the juicy, tered strawberries and a quick jam of
brightly colored varieties that come around cooked strawberries, strawberry preserves
in late May and June are almost a different and cornstarch. Some recipes rely on straw-
species, altogether soft and delicate and berry gelatin to hold it all together, but here
needing to be devoured as quickly as possi- real strawberry is the star: The preserves
ble. You can smell their floral, candylike help bind the filling, while adding even
aroma at the market before even laying more fruit flavor. A quarter-cup of corn-
eyes on them. starch may seem like a lot, but you’ll need it
Still, all strawberries have a place in the with those height-of-season gushers to en-
kitchen. The key is to know which to use sure that the final dessert is sliceable.
when. Out-of-season berries are great for (Deep-dish fruit pies made with strawber-
baked pies and cakes, since cooking or mac- ries may taste good, but they can cascade
erating them concentrates their flavor. But like a burst dam when sliced.)
those in-season beauties are best used gen- Finished with a cloud of lightly sweet-
tly, in applications that accentuate their ened, freshly whipped cream, this pie is a
essence with as little heat and manipulation sight to behold. All in all, its simplicity
as possible. makes fresh strawberry pie so special. The
That’s why, when strawberries are at fruit has been gussied up, but only enough
their peak, it’s time to make a fresh straw- to allow it to shine.
berry pie. LINDA XIAO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
This one starts with an easy, press-in
cookie crust. Using store-bought short- 1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice in quarters or eighths, if they are large. Transfer
bread minimizes the amount of time the FRESH STRAWBERRY PIE 2 cups berries to a small saucepan and crush
oven has to be on in the summer, and the For the Topping
buttery cookies create a pairing reminis- completely with a potato masher. Set aside the
TIME: 45 MINUTES, PLUS CHILLING 1 cup/240 milliliters cold heavy cream
cent of strawberry shortcake. Keep in mind YIELD: 8 TO 10 SERVINGS remaining berries in a large bowl. Add the
1 tablespoon confectioners’ sugar
sugar, preserves, cornstarch, 1 tablespoon
For the Crust: ½ teaspoon pure vanilla extract (optional)
water and salt to the saucepan.
10 ⅔ ounces/300 grams shortbread cookies
CORRECTION 1. Prepare crust: Heat oven to 350 degrees. In 3. Bring strawberry mixture to a boil over
(two 5⅓-ounce packages)
A recipe for carne asada cheese fries, accompa- a food processor, combine shortbread cookies, medium heat and then cook it an additional 2
3 tablespoons granulated sugar
nying an article last Wednesday about 12 sugar, flour and salt and blend until you have minutes, stirring constantly. Add strawberry
1 tablespoon all-purpose flour
popular American restaurants, omitted the fine crumbs. Transfer crumbs to a medium mixture and lemon juice to the strawberries in
¼ teaspoon kosher salt
ingredients for serving. They are ½ cup finely mixing bowl. Add butter and mix with a fork the bowl and stir to combine. Transfer to the
chopped yellow or white onion, ½ cup chopped
¼ cup/55 grams unsalted butter, melted
until crumbs are evenly moistened. Tip crumbs prepared crust and gently tap it down into an
fresh cilantro leaves and 1 tablespoon fresh For the Filling: even layer. Transfer to the fridge to set for at
lime juice, mixed together for a garnish, and into a standard 9-inch pie plate and press them
2½ pounds/about 1 kilogram strawberries in an even layer on the bottom and up the sides least 4 hours.
1½ pounds homemade French fries or any
(about 8 to 10 cups), hulled of the plate. Bake until golden brown and set,
fresh or frozen fried potato variety, such as 4. Just before serving, whip cream,
home fries, waffle fries, curly fries or Tater ⅓ cup/65 grams granulated sugar 15 to 20 minutes. Transfer to a rack to cool confectioners’ sugar and vanilla, if using, to soft
Tots. Finally, the dish is served with extra lime 3 tablespoons strawberry preserves completely. peaks. Top pie with whipped cream.
wedges and an optional Crema Mexicana or ¼ cup/30 grams cornstarch
sour cream. Pinch of kosher salt 2. Prepare filling: Cut each of the strawberries
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N D3

Front Burner
F LO R EN C E FA BR I CA N T

TO SEASON
($45), usually reserved for restau- low-temperature distilling tech-
rants, to the general public. It nique, which is designed to pre-
Spice Grinder, conveys just enough of that dis- serve the essences of the botani-
Batteries Not Included tinctively funky, truffly perfume cals. The gin is notably silky, with
and taste. It’s available along with a whiff of spice up front and sub-
A sleek new battery-operated
the rest of his varieties, in some tle citric richness on the palate.
spice grinder is light enough for
stores and online: Beer, chorizo, And for a proper gintonic, until
one-handed operation and does
spicy and country-style salami bars and restaurants open their
nice work on whole spices, offer-
($27 — $38 for black truffle — for doors in New York City, there’s a
ing adjustable textures from
two five-ounce salami, $50 for a cocktail stand outside Socarrat
coarse to fine. Its accompanying
sampler of all five); presliced ($40 Paella Bar on Manhattan’s East
pods can be filled with the spice of
for four three-ounce salami), Side, where Spanish-style drinks
your choosing, and they attach to
charlitoscocina.com. are mixed and sold along with
the grinder with just a tap on a
tapas: Ginraw Gastronomic Gin,
countertop. Press the button on
$37, Brooklyn Wine Exchange, 138
top and ground seasonings
Court Street (Atlantic Avenue),
emerge, even directly over that
Cobble Hill, 718-855-9463,
steak still sizzling on the grill. The
brooklynwineexchange.com;
smooth exterior of the appliance,
Gintonics, $10 and $12, Socarrat
which comes in white, red or
Paella Bar, 953 Second Avenue
black, is easily wiped clean. It’s
(50th Street), socarratnyc.com.
best to run the grinder on empty
for half a minute or so to clear it
completely before changing spice TO BREW
pods. And despite what the litera-
ture suggests about grinding Coffee Club Raises Funds
herbs, it cannot handle fresh ones. With Special Blends
It runs on three AA batteries; a
rechargeable model is in the Trade, a coffee subscription
works. The mill comes with one service that delivers directly from
or two pods, and additional pods and whole-wheat flour but no roasters to consumers, is featur-
are sold separately: FinaMill, chemical additives. All taste
TO SLICE ing a charitable effort this month
$24.95 with one pod, $29.99 with mildly wheaty, adding character Variety of Salamis to benefit the communities where
two, $8.95 each for extra pods, to summer’s grilled meat patties For Your Table
shopfinamill.com. and sausages. The buns are veg-
Ten years ago, Charles Weksel- TO MIX
an and kosher. The company also
makes wraps, pizza crusts and baum was out of a job and de- Spanish Gin
TO FILL crackers, and has a matching cided to pursue his fascination And a Cocktail, Too
A Slider Bun Packed bread donation program for those with European meat-curing tradi-
in need: Angelic Bakehouse slider tions. He stocked up on heritage Spaniards love gin. In Bar-
With Whole Grains buns, $4.99 for nine; hot dog and pork, and a year later, he started celona, there are more than a
I’ve left Martin for another hamburger buns, $5.59 for eight; Charlito’s Cocina to sell his hand- dozen bars devoted entirely to it.
slider bun. Angelic Bakehouse in free shipping to select areas for made dry-cured salami. The story And though gin has been made in
Cudahy, Wis., makes its new ones purchases over $30; behind the company name? In Spain for centuries, only a hand-
with seven sprouted whole grains angelicbakehouse.com. addition to being Jewish-Ameri- ful of Spanish gins are sold in the
can, he’s also part Cuban. A fac- United States for that classic
tory in Gloversville, N.Y., “gintonic,” as it’s said in Spain.
produces an array of salami, The latest arrival is Ginraw, made
dry-cured and long-lasting. The in Barcelona using two distilling
salamis are aged at his base in methods: the classic copper pot
Long Island City, Queens. He is still to create the spirit and, for
TO SCOOP now offering the large, 1.5-pound introducing ingredients like cit-
black truffle (trufa seca) salami rus, laurel and cardamom, a
Oat Milk Powers some of its more than 50 roasters
live. In cities across the country,
This Ice Cream 20 companies have come up with
Planet Oat Oatmilk has intro- limited-edition roasts for a lineup
duced nondairy frozen desserts in called Come Together Coffee.
six flavors: vanilla, chocolate, Customers can select the roaster
cookies and crème, coffee fudge from a list that rotates weekly;
swirl, chocolate peanut butter the profits from the sale will be
swirl and blueberry oat crumble. donated to a charity the roaster
The collection of six is notable for chooses. The coffees are $18 for 12
its smooth texture; they behave ounces, and a subscription is not
like ice cream. Aside from the required for purchase: Trade,
rather sweet blandness of the drinktrade.com/come
vanilla, the others are very ap- -together-coffee.
pealing: Planet Oat Frozen Des-
serts, $4.99 a pint at Stop & Shop, PLANET OAT (ICE CREAM); THUSS+FARRELL (SALAMI);
SONNY FIGUEROA/THE NEW YORK TIMES (GIN); TRADE
planetoat.com. (COFFEE)

It Simply Is All That

And a Bag of Chips
Ferran Adrià’s homey omelet erything will be fine, and the thrill of the flip
is part of the dish’s delight.)
feels especially current. You could opt to add some finely sliced
chives, a pinch of piment d’Espelette or pa-
By ALEXA WEIBEL prika, a handful of grated Manchego or any
Even if you haven’t worked in a restaurant, other cheese you have on hand, or serve the
the concept of family meal may be familiar: omelet alongside salad or charcuterie. But
It’s the act of cobbling together a meal that any addition is purely extraneous. Textural,
salvages or repurposes ingredients to re- salty and rich beyond expectation, the pota-
sourcefully feed a restaurant’s staff before to chip omelet needs nothing else.
service and, ideally, to connect them at the Spurred by necessity but inspired by in-
table. genuity, it’s the type of food just right for this
The frugality of this kind of meal can be moment, and a small victory however you
thrilling — it’s a marriage of hospitality and enjoy it.
practicality — and it exemplifies how many
Americans are preparing food right now, as
many home cooks have leaned into making
focaccia, growing victory gardens and FERRAN ADRIÀ’S POTATO
stretching staple ingredients. CHIP OMELET
Despite pioneering lavish modernist cui-
sine at El Bulli restaurant in Spain, the chef TIME: 10 MINUTES
Ferran Adrià’s cookbook “The Family YIELD: 4 TO 6 SERVINGS
Meal: Home Cooking With Ferran Adrià”
(Phaidon, 2011) embraces restraint. In it, 12 large eggs
Mr. Adrià explored the dishes he created 6 ounces potato chips (about 6 cups)
alongside Eugeni de Diego, a head chef at 2 tablespoons olive oil
the restaurant, to serve the staff. The book Kosher salt and black pepper, for
tackles approachable meals using limited serving (optional)
ingredient lists, a topic not often associated
with Michelin-starred restaurants but one
that is ever popular with home cooks — and 1. Crack the eggs into a medium bowl and
practiced now with renewed fervor. whisk vigorously until frothy and lightened in
The simplicity of Mr. Adrià’s omelet is its color, about 4 minutes. (If you have a balloon
charm: Using just eggs, potato chips and whisk, now is the time to use it: It will aerate
olive oil, it evokes the flavors of a labor-in- better than a standard whisk, and should take
tensive tortilla Española but takes only half the time and effort. Either way, your arm
minutes to assemble and cook. will burn by the end of this, but a fluffy, puffy
Mr. Adrià encourages cooks to use the omelet will be your reward.)
best-quality potato chips and eggs avail-
able, but the recipe works with any chips 2. Add 1 tablespoon oil to a 10-inch nonstick
you may have, even flavored ones. The tor- skillet and heat over medium.
tilla’s execution may take some practice,
but it’s straightforward: Whisk eggs until 3. Add the chips to the eggs. Using a plastic
light and aerated, fold in the chips until spatula, gently fold a few times to ensure chips
slightly softened, then cook in a slick of olive are coated. Let the chips soak for 1 minute.
oil in a nonstick skillet. 4. Pour the mixture into the skillet, using the
The only challenge is the flip. You’ll want JULIA GARTLAND FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES (PHOTOGRAPHY AND STYLING)
spatula to spread the potatoes into an even
to turn the omelet the second it starts to set
underneath. You may fret about the loose, layer, then to loosen the omelet from the sides
of the pan. the omelet with an upside-down plate or a 6. Add the remaining 1 tablespoon oil to the
glistening, alarmingly uncooked egg mix-
large, flat lid. Holding one hand flat against the skillet, then carefully slide the omelet from the
ture on top. Have some faith, cover the om- 5. After the bottom of the omelet is just about
elet with a plate and twist your wrists with- plate and holding the skillet by its handle, plate, uncooked-side-down, into the pan and
set — it should barely take on color but the top gently flip over the omelet to release it onto the cook for about 2 minutes. Slide the omelet onto
out hesitation, then just slide the omelet
isn’t completely set — 3 to 4 minutes, cover
back onto the skillet to finish cooking. (Ev- plate. a plate, slice and serve immediately.
D4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Are Japanese Whiskies From Japan?

Because of loose regulations,
the answer is not always clear.
By CLAY RISEN
Mamoru Tsuchiya is worried about the fu-
ture of Japanese whisky. Sales are booming,
but there’s a problem: A large amount of the
liquor isn’t actually made in Japan, said Mr.
Tsuchiya, one of that country’s leading
whiskey experts.
Some of it isn’t whiskey at all.
“There are a lot of situations where you
call it Japanese whisky, but they’re using
imported Scotch or Canadian whisky,” he
said.
Global demand for Japanese whisky has
exploded over the last decade — bottles like
the Yamazaki 18 Year Old, which once col-
lected dust at $100, sell for five times the
price and are now almost impossible to find.
The dollar value of exports to America grew
by nearly 50 percent in 2019 over the previ-
ous year, according to the Distilled Spirits
Council of the United States.
But unlike most whiskey-producing
countries, Japan has few rules about what
constitutes whiskey, let alone what makes it
Japanese. Companies can buy spirits in
bulk from abroad, bottle and label it “Japa-
nese whisky,” and ship it back out. They can
export aged shochu made from grains, like
rice or barley, for sale in America as
whiskey. Some so-called distilleries don’t
even do any distilling; they import the
whiskey in bulk and contract another com-
pany to bottle it.
It’s a regulatory Wild West that both es-
tablished distilleries and start-ups are tak-
ing advantage of to feed growing global de-
mand. It’s also a potential public-relations
disaster: The internet is already rife with
articles claiming to pull back the curtain on
the myth of Japanese whisky.
While many of the premier brands, like
YOSHITSUGU KOMASA

international business development, said

that domestic supply shortages forced the
company to use “a small amount of whiskey
from overseas” to meet demand.
She also said that imported Scotch is a
critical ingredient in creating Nikka’s flavor
profile, in the same way that an American
baker might swear by French butter in
making an apple pie.
“Unlike in Scotland, we do not have the
custom of exchanging casks with other
producers within the country,” Ms. Kaji
said. “In order to create a complex blended
whisky to meet this demand, blenders in Ja-
pan needed to look outside our country for
whisky to realize their visions.”
NEVERTHELESS, AS MORE American
whiskey fans learn that Japanese whisky
isn’t 100 percent Japanese, they’re increas-
ingly unhappy. Much of the critical praise
over the past decade leaned on generaliza-
BRITTAINY NEWMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES THE ALOHA WHISKY SHOP tions about Japanese craftsmanship and in-
gredients, and drinkers are understandably
Yamazaki and its 18 Year Old, point out that Top, Yoshitsugu Komasa, angry to learn that the whisky in their glass
they are made exclusively in Japan, others founder of the Kanosuke might not even be made in Japan.
refuse to say. “It puts Japanese whisky’s distillery, has pushed Some distilleries are coming clean by la-
reputation at risk,” said Makiyo Masa, the other craft producers to beling their whiskies “world blends,” mean-
founder of Dekanta, an online retailer. be more transparent. ing a combination of imported and domestic
In September, Mr. Tsuchiya, who runs an Above right, bottles by products, said Flavien Desoblin, who car-
advocacy organization called the Japan Suntory, including a ries several of these bottles at his two Man-
Whisky Research Centre, proposed a set of blend called Hibiki. hattan whiskey bars, the Brandy Library
rules for Japanese whisky, including a re- Above left, some and Copper and Oak. (These include Ao,
quirement that it be distilled in Japan. The companies, including from Suntory, one of the largest distilling
rules would be voluntary, but he planned to Chichibu, use the label companies in Japan, and Ichiro’s Malt &
use the 2020 Tokyo Whisky and Spirits “world blend,” second Grain World Whisky, from Chichibu, a
Competition, which he runs, as a carrot: from right. Near right, highly regarded craft producer.)
Only products that met his criteria could en- Liam McNulty, a “I believe it’s a great first step,” Mr. Des-
ter as “Japanese whisky.” Tokyo-based whiskey oblin said. “Since we have to pay a premium
Mr. Tsuchiya said he had received sup- writer. Far right, for just about any whisky that comes from
port from most of the distilling industry, as Mamoru Tsuchiya, who Japan, we need to be told the truth.”
well as the Japan Spirits and Liqueurs Mak- has proposed new rules. Mr. Tsuchiya wrote his proposed rules to
ers Association, an industry-funded, gov- move even further. They would require dis-
ernment-chartered agency that helps set tilleries to use only grain in their mash, fer-
nationwide regulations. ment it with yeast (shochu uses a different
But because of the coronavirus pan- process), distill it entirely in Japan, and
demic, the competition and Mr. Tsuchiya’s then age it for at least two years in a wood
proposed rules are on hold. While the indus- cask.
try and consumers wait to see what hap- “We require two years, instead of three
pens next, a new debate is underway: What The Yamazaki 18 like in Scotland, because in Japan we have a
is Japanese whisky, anyway? Year Old, once sold more temperate climate and whisky may
age faster,” he said.
JAPAN’S LAISSEZ-FAIRE regulatory ap- at $100, now sells at WHISKEY RICHARD MAMORU TSUCHIYA
So far, Japan’s largest whisky companies
proach is rooted, at least in part, in its com- five times that. have said they are receptive to Mr.
plicated history with the West. ever tax revenue it generated, were more of Japan.” “If the lack were a disadvantage Tsuchiya’s proposal. But some experts
Its first recorded encounter with whiskey important than the precision of the end to them, rules would be quickly imple- question whether the industry will end up
came in 1853, when Commodore Matthew product. mented.” supporting it. Japanese whisky may have
Perry, during his inaugural visit to Japan, The first modern Japanese whisky distil- Both domestically and internationally, in- earned a global following, but its largest
gave his hosts 70 gallons of Scotch and leries, including Yamazaki, didn’t open until terest in Japanese whisky began to pick up market is among everyday, value-conscious
American whiskey. It was a hit among the the 1920s. While they were modeled on Scot- in the early 2000s, snowballing through the domestic drinkers who don’t pay attention
imperial court, and the gift became a defin- tish operations and often produced high- next 15 years as the industry’s premium to technical details.
ing memory of a landmark cross-cultural quality spirits, they did little to change the brands, like Hibiki and Yamazaki, racked up Mr. Van Eycken wonders if producers
encounter. overall character of Japanese whisky, global critical acclaim. But distillers didn’t want to create a polarized landscape by ex-
As part of its subsequent push to emulate which, especially after World War II, was have enough fully aged product to meet de- plaining that Japanese whisky, their bread
the West, Meiji-era Japan encouraged the aimed at everyday salarymen looking for a mand, leading many established and start- and butter, isn’t what people thought it was:
production of domestic versions of that quick drink after work. up brands to buy in bulk from overseas. “Call me a skeptic, but from a business point
same whiskey. Japanese distillers often The Japanese government introduced The Japanese whisky industry can be of view, that’s very unlikely.”
used sweet potatoes, which were abundant, formal definitions for domestic whisky in opaque, so it is hard to know which distil- He may be right. But if distillers end up
but they produced a much different spirit 1989, but by then the industry was domi- leries rely on foreign sources. Still, analysts rejecting Mr. Tsuchiya’s proposals, it’s pos-
than the barley, corn and rye used in Scot- nated by a few big distilling companies that point to fast-growing exports of Scotch and sible that Japanese whisky’s newfound fans
land and America. wanted to keep the rules loose. After 1989, Canadian whisky to Japan in recent years, will reject them in turn.
“From the get-go, Japanese whisky was for example, whisky sold domestically had even as the retail sales of those whiskeys re- “They need to decide if their interests are
not whiskey as the rest of the world under- to contain at least 10 percent aged malt main flat — implying that most of the im- good for the industry, or for consumers,”
stands it,” said Liam McNulty, a Tokyo- whisky; the rest could be unaged alcohol, ported spirit is being bought by distilleries said Yoshitsugu Komasa, who founded the
based whiskey writer. No one gave much typically made from imported molasses. and relabeled as Japanese. Kanosuke distillery in southern Japan in
thought to defining it, he said, since it was “The lack of regulation benefits major One company that has been open about 2017 and has pushed other craft producers
entirely for domestic consumption. The producers,” said Stefan Van Eycken, the au- its sources is Nikka, which makes whisky in to be more transparent. “If these rules are
bragging rights that came with having a thor of “Whisky Rising: The Definitive Japan and owns the Ben Nevis distillery in not adopted, I think things are going to get
homegrown whiskey industry, and what- Guide to the Finest Whiskies and Distillers Scotland. Emiko Kaji, Nikka’s manager of worse.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N D5

THE POUR ERIC ASIMOV

Rediscovering Wine After Covid-19

A neurologist was forced to
adjust his views on his tastes.
THIS IS A STORY about what happens when
one of life’s joys is taken away, perhaps for-
ever. In this case it’s wine, but it could as
easily have been painting, cooking, danc-
ing, or playing golf or tennis.
The potential loss of these pleasures is
trivial compared with the social and person-
al catastrophes the coronavirus pandemic
has inflicted. It has taken friends and loved
ones, destroyed jobs and businesses, and
shaken up lives. The human cost has been
immense.
Yet people still want to savor what they
love, what has shaped their personalities
and lives. They want to return to bars and
restaurants, to date and find romance, to
play softball on the weekends and dive once
more into the wild surf.
Dr. Michael Pourfar’s pleasure was wine,
particularly on the weekends when he and
his wife, Jennifer, retreated from their
workaday lives in Manhattan to the Hudson
Valley with their children, Alex, 13, and Car-
oline, 9.
His loss of that pleasure traces back to
one morning in mid-March when his wife
told him she could not smell her coffee.
Dr. Pourfar, 49, a neurologist who special-
izes in treating people with Parkinson’s dis-
ease and other nerve disorders, had not
been treating Covid-19 patients directly, but
he knew about its symptoms.
His hospital, NYU Langone Health, on
the East Side of Manhattan, was hit hard in
the pandemic’s early stages, and Dr. Pour-
far had seen enough coronavirus patients to
understand that losing one’s sense of smell
was a possible first sign of infection.
He also realized that if his wife was in-
fected with the coronavirus, he had a great-
er chance of getting it, too.
As anyone might, he at first pondered the
most morbid possibilities. He was particu-
larly worried about their children.
But his medical training soon kicked in.
After rationally assessing the situation, he
concluded that while they might all get sick,
PHOTOGRAPHS BY SASHA MASLOV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
the chances of grave illness were low. For
now, he and his wife needed to maintain a
calm routine for the sake of the children, as There, he lived with a family who always “These wines I thought I’d moved on
well as for their own peace of mind. had wine on the table. He found himself pay- from, I’ve found I’m grateful for them now,”
That evening, routine meant choosing a ing attention to it, and wine became en- he said. Enjoying Bordeaux again, he said,
bottle of wine from the cellar. It was their twined with his time there. was like “a Rosebud moment.” But where he
weekend custom, and Ms. Pourfar wanted a “You don’t realize what a powerful con- might have craved one of the more exclu-
glass even though she was unable to smell nection these sorts of flavors can have with sive labels, if only to try to understand the
anything. your life’s experiences and memories,” he appeal, he now found good bistro bottles
Knowing that this might be the last bottle said. like a Château Poujeaux delightful and sat-
they would enjoy for a while, he pondered From there, in fits and starts, Dr. Pourfar isfying.
his selection. set out on his exploration. In medical school,
he fell in with some fans of German wines, THE REDISCOVERY and acceptance of wines
He considered a few of the most precious past, particularly those not considered in
bottles he owned — a Domaine de la Ro- and then, when he decided to study wine se-
riously, he began with Bordeaux, a custom- the top echelon, he decided, was an indica-
manée-Conti, one of the great Burgundies, tion that perhaps he has become a little less
perhaps, or a Cheval Blanc, an equally hal- ary point of departure because of its rich
history and the relative simplicity of its judgmental about wine, a little more toler-
lowed Bordeaux. But he settled on a bottle ant.
of Williams Selyem pinot noir from the Rus- structure and geography.
Like many whose wine journey began in “You don’t have to put down what you
sian River Valley, a wine he and his wife had liked at a certain time in your life because
discovered early in their marriage and en- the 1990s, Dr. Pourfar first embraced the
bold, fruity bottles that were popular and you are different now,” Dr. Pourfar said. “I
joyed together regularly. hope I will have the ability not to be so bina-
Within a few days of opening the Williams critically acclaimed at the time. As he be-
ry. All of these things are wonderful in the
Selyem, the couple were feverish, with right context. If somebody’s excited about
aches, chills and relentless coughs. They He was being drawn to it, there’s probably something to it.”
could not smell a thing, nor taste the food wines that he believed he His path toward recovery has also made
they forced themselves to eat. As he recovered, Dr. The trajectory, like the overall recovery,
had outgrown. him consider the role wine came to play in
But they were not sick enough for the Michael Pourfar saw his was frustrating and erratic. After two
his life, not just as an enjoyable beverage,
hospital. Instead, they quarantined them- relationship with wine weeks of peaks and valleys, he found him-
but as an essential component of his charac-
selves in their home, where they were able change. He found himself self plateauing at the V.S.O.P. level. Entire
came more confident in his own tastes, he ter. He wonders whether his altered experi-
to care in shifts for their children. Their son becoming less realms of aromas seemed beyond his reach,
gravitated toward subtler, more nuanced ence of wine has changed him as a person.
had mild symptoms, their daughter none. judgmental. yet his taste for wine was returning.
wines. Eventually, his arc of discovery led “We all compose a sensory kaleidoscope
But for the parents, the illness dragged on. “Only when you start to get better do you
him to Burgundy. out of our life experiences that shapes our
“You’d think you were getting better, then realize you want part of your sense of self
“It’s where everybody ends up in this appreciation of the world,” he said. “Losing
evening would come, and you’d realize back,” he said. “It’s a joy that’s part of some-
world, and it took me a long time before I got an appreciation of wine’s flavors was for me
you’re not out of it yet,” he said. “It wasn’t thing bigger. Not everybody feels this way
it,” he said. like losing the color red from my kaleido-
really a dragon, but it had a long tail.” about wine, but they feel this way about
Any wine at all, however, seemed un- scope. The world was still beautiful and I
After a full month, they began to feel something.”
thinkable as he recovered from Covid-19. So was grateful for the greens, blues and other
much better; Dr. Pourfar’s symptoms did He found that he could not appreciate the
much of the pleasure of wine and the ability colors that remained, but I realized some-
not disappear entirely until mid-May. His subtleties of wines he had come to love, like
to taste are dependent on the nose. But he thing important and familiar was missing,
sense of smell, though, did not return. He good Burgundies. At first he considered this
could not smell much of anything. and the world just isn’t quite the same.”
understood that losing the ability to enjoy a sort of wine purgatory, a limbo where the
Shortly after he had fallen ill, he gave As he recovered, Dr. Pourfar gingerly re-
wine was a small price to pay for one’s life desire had returned, but not the means for
himself a daily exercise, partly in hopes of turned to work, first practicing
and health. Still, he could not help but feel satisfaction.
rehabilitating his olfactory sense, and telemedicine from his country house, then
that in a small way he had been diminished. In his diminished state, he found his
partly out of scientific curiosity. Because of heading into New York a few times a week.
tastes beginning to change. He was being
LIKE MANY WINE LOVERS, he had con- its relative subtlety, wine was beyond his He has thought about the advice he has
drawn to the sorts of bolder, more effusive
structed what he called “life’s comforting capability, but he began taking daily whiffs given in the past to some of his Parkinson’s
wines that he had once enjoyed but believed
rituals” around fetching a bottle: “The con- of coffee in the morning and of Rémy Martin patients who enjoy golf.
he had outgrown.
sidered selection, the careful handling, the X.O., a particularly aromatic Cognac, in the “I say, ‘You won’t play golf like you did in
Zinfandel, which he had come to think of
slow, deliberate opening and thoughtful afternoon, in order to gauge his sensitivity. your 30s, but you can still play and enjoy the
as exaggerated, he now perceived as vi-
smelling, the little smile, they were gone,” Early on, he could smell nothing. But game,’” he said.
brant and alive. New Zealand sauvignon
he said. slowly the sense began to return. Each day And he has continued to measure his re-
blanc, which he had dismissed as overpow-
Dr. Pourfar, who grew up in Monroe, N.Y., he tracked his progression, and rated his covery on what he calls the Cognac-o-meter.
ering, now seemed distinctive and wel-
discovered wine when, as a high school stu- ability using a scale derived from Cognac’s The most recent report was positive.
come.
dent, he spent a year in Alsace, France. hierarchy of classifications: V.S. would rep- “Gamay, which tasted all out of whack
Most especially, he said, he found re-
resent a trace return of smell, V.S.O.P. a with shrill tartness a few weeks ago, has
newed love and respect for Bordeaux, an-
EMAIL asimov@nytimes.com. And follow moderate return and X.O. a complete recov- fallen back in line,” he said. “Maybe not
other old favorite he had largely aban-
Eric Asimov on Twitter: @EricAsimov. ery. X.O., but getting there.”
doned.

OFF THE MENU FLORENCE FABRICANT

HEADLINER Forsythia Beyond Sushi This vegan and lyn, a new source (local delivery
A “soft opening” for a new restaurant once meant easing into business kosher chain for tasty, colorful and for nationwide shipping) for
with limited reservations for friends, family and staff. But, in today’s sushi rolls, tacos, dumplings and little doughnut-shaped cakes in a
world, it means starting with takeout. Such is the case for Forsythia at wraps, with seven Manhattan multitude of flavors, some infused
9 Stanton Street. “In the middle of construction, everything went on locations, has opened a kitchen in with spirits and all with colorful
pause,” said Jacob Siwak (right), formerly of Olmsted, who is the exec- Long Island City and will offer toppings.
utive chef and owner. For the rustic Italian restaurant, where Mark delivery to that neighborhood,
Massimo Bottura Mr. Bottura
Coleman, formerly of Rezdôra, is sous-chef, and Brian Maxwell, of Astoria and Sunnyside: 43-44 21st
closed his Michelin three-star
Gulfstream in Newport Beach, Calif., is baking, they are waiting until Street (44th Avenue), Long Island
Osteria Francescana in Modena,
indoor dining restrictions are lifted before opening. In the meantime, it City, Queens, beyondsushi.com.
Italy, on March 10 because of
is offering takeout from a temporary East Village location, in a space
Covid-19. On Tuesday, he re-
that’s usually a cooking school. The menu is based on a working so- CHEFS ON THE MOVE opened with a new menu inspired
journ in Italy the men took before the coronavirus pandemic, and has
Justin Smillie A California native by the Beatles’ “Sgt. Pepper’s
Roman overtones. Focaccia with mortadella, short rib meatballs, supplì
who was the executive chef at Lonely Hearts Club Band.” On
cheese and rice balls with asparagus and mushrooms, stuffed pastas
Upland in Murray Hill and Miami Wednesday at 11 a.m. Eastern
like scarpinocc and tortellini, and a brioche bun filled with whipped MORGAN HARARY
Beach, Mr. Smillie is back at Il time, he will discuss quarantine
cream are some of the dishes they’re planning and preparing for four-
Buco Alimentari e Vineria in and the menu in a Zoom presenta-
course takeout menus, $30 per person. The kitchen is open from 4:30 to too, along with staples like kitchen — cooking facilities with-
NoHo, where he had been its tion called Dare to Dream, orga-
6 p.m. daily, except Sundays. Once the Stanton Street location opens, cheeses and granola, all for take- out a storefront — that will pre-
executive chef before joining nized by Satopia Travel, a com-
they will close the East Village location and use the bar in front of the out and delivery daily. There’s pare food to go for the downtown
Upland. Now, he will be expand- pany that offers trips involving
Lower East Side restaurant as a takeout counter: 104 East Seventh also an oyster bar: Wythe Hotel, Kissaki and offer pickup and
ing the takeout and delivery gastronomic experiences. On
Street (First Avenue), 646-540-5406, forsythianyc.com. 80 Wythe Avenue (North 11th delivery for sushi and other Japa-
options at Il Buco Alimentari e Friday, Carlo Cracco of Milan will
Street), Williamsburg, Brooklyn, nese specialties. Omakase menus
Vineria. be the guest, followed by Marco
718-460-8004, lecrocodile.com. are $35 to $147, and there are also
Pierre White, on Monday:
OPENING cocktails and coffee has opened in Kissaki The Japanese restaurant à la carte items, including nigiri, Tarran Hatton This baker, who
satopiatravel.com.
the courtyard adjacent to Le on the Bowery has added a Mid- futomaki, rolls and rice bowls: 55 worked at Milk Bar, is now the
Le Crocodile Garden Cafe An . ...................................................................
Crocodile brasserie. Need some town location inside Nerai, a East 54th Street, 212-577-1141, executive pastry chef at Bliss-
outdoor nook for sandwiches, More restaurant news is online
ramp butter? They’re selling that, Greek restaurant. It’s a ghost explorekissaki.com. Bomb in Carroll Gardens, Brook-
pizza, roast chicken, pastries, at nytimes.com/food.
D6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Your Kitchen Is Stocked Like a Restaurant

Farmers, fishmongers and
wholesalers make house calls.
By PETE WELLS
and JENNIFER STEINHAUER
If Jessica Kramer didn’t already know that
she had started to shop in a new way, the
personal letter she got from the meat and
poultry supplier D’Artagnan would have
been a tip-off.
After thanking her for her business, the
company informed her that it would be
happy to send a truck to make personal de-
liveries to the condominium in Newport,
R.I., where she and a friend have been living
since March. Now, instead of having blocks
of frozen meat shipped overnight, she can
get freshly slaughtered Rohan duck
breasts, squab and baby poussins brought
to her door, along with bunches of ramps
and other specialties.
Ms. Kramer made a note of this in the
spreadsheet where she keeps track of more
than 50 high-quality food purveyors who
are selling directly to consumers, many for
the first time.
Some have lowered or dropped their min- LAUREN JUSTICE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
imum order requirements, or their delivery
fees. Restaurant-supply companies that
once sold fresh vegetables to chefs by the Above left, Jessica
case now offer them in packages of 16, eight Kramer has avoided
or four ounces. Items the local Stop & Shop grocery stores since the
rarely stocks — wild morels, trays of sea ur- pandemic began, but her
chin roe, pink hunks of sushi-grade tuna — RACHEL HULIN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES meals have been
have become stars of Ms. Kramer’s quaran- enhanced by the rapidly
tine kitchen. on us, some of them 100 percent,” said Dan growing number of
“It’s not as much that I’m getting stuff I Barber, the chef of Blue Hill in Manhattan restaurant suppliers that
could absolutely never get before, but that and Blue Hill at Stone Barns, in Pocantico will send ingredients to
I’m cooking with it all the time,” she said. Hills, N.Y. “It feels like the ultimate expres- her in Newport, R.I.
“It’s becoming the new normal because I sion of support. Then in a moment like this Above, Landmark
now run a restaurant for two.” you realize you’ve created the weakest food Creamery in Wisconsin
While the pandemic has changed myriad chain imaginable.” has been making home
aspects of American life in ways we are still To keep cash circulating to the farmers, deliveries since March.
starting to see, none may be as pervasive as foragers and fishing crews that depend on Left, a delivery of
the new ways we shop and eat. As grocery Blue Hill, Mr. Barber began selling boxes of groceries. Below, savory
shopping became a minor tactical opera- fish, meat or seasonal vegetables for curb- clams available for sale
tion, home cooks began to think like the chef side pickup. Customers get a grab bag of in- through Four Star
of a small restaurant that is booked every gredients both well known (greenhouse cu- Seafood in San
night. cumbers) and less familiar (Purple Sword Francisco.
To stock refrigerators and cabinets with celtuce stalks). Tucked into the boxes are
supplies for menus planned a week or more recipes and background on the crops, in-
in advance, they have turned to many of the cluding the information that the telltale
same businesses that restaurants used — holes in “beetle-bitten brassicas” were left
from major regional wholesalers to family by flea beetles, who have a knack for finding
farms raising asparagus and a herd of the sweetest plants in the field.
goats. Many of these suppliers slapped to- As supply-chain disruptions have caused
gether their retail operations overnight in shortages in commodity beef and pork,
March in a desperate attempt to survive the meat from old livestock breeds raised on
month. Now, as summer nears, these new LAUREN JUSTICE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES pastures has taken its place in some areas
trade routes may be here to stay. where a few small, regional slaughter-
In San Francisco and Washington, fish- houses still remain.
mongers now send their trucks into resi- Grass & Bone, a butcher shop and restau-
dential neighborhoods. Midwestern farms rant in Mystic, Conn., has been flooded with
are selling their vegetables and cheeses in orders for everything from grass-fed
consumer-friendly quantities through on- ground beef to lamb hearts and trotters. To
line stores. supplement these cuts, James Wayman, the
Restaurants in every major city now offer chef and an owner, also makes items like
not just delivery and takeout, but also boxes garlic-rosemary pork liver mousse, pasta
of the ingredients used in their kitchens, sauces and kits for tacos and burgers.
sometimes with recipes or assembly in- For some restaurants, these kits straddle
structions included. Chefs are boxing up a line between raw ingredients and takeout,
their hummus and selling partly-assembled giving them something to sell that grocery
meals to be finished at home: all the sup- stores can’t. Shouk, a fast-casual Israeli
plies for beef barbacoa tacos, a clay pot of ERIN LUBIN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
biryani sealed under a lid of dough that
needs half an hour in the oven, cookies with
decorating kits and meats that had been
aged for expense account spenders, now for
you.
“We have been talking for weeks now
about how the entire business is going to
change forever,” said Marc Hennessy, the
LAUREN JUSTICE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
executive chef of Rare, a small steakhouse
chain in Washington and Wisconsin that is
selling premium dry-aged cuts of meat
butchered to order for home cooks. Retail is
now about 30 percent of his business, he
said, and “we plan to keep that going.”
What this all means for home cooks is ac-
cess to better ingredients, sometimes at
better prices, and the demystifying of
restaurant dishes in ways that have made
replicating them at home all the more easy.
“One thing that customers have taken
away from this pandemic is that they can ERIN LUBIN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
actually fend for themselves at home,” said
Anthony Strong, the owner of the year-old
Prairie, a mesquite-grill restaurant in the restaurant in Washington, is selling its Clockwise from above:
Mission District of San Francisco that is hummus, which customers have been clam- Cain Monti, Ismael
now a grocery store, which it likely will re- oring for, as well as falafel kits to “help you Macias, Adrian Hoffman
main during the daytime. “I think that get to the last mile at dinner,” said Ran and Justin Mauz are
should be encouraged.” Nussbacher, a founder. (At least until this partners at Four Star
week, when protesters broke a window in Seafood; Mr. Hoffman
LARGE FOOD DISTRIBUTORS are still cau- the shop.) with a selection of food
tiously sizing up home cooks. Others have “Raw falafel mix is really, really hard to items that are available;
embraced them. In normal times, restau- do at home,” he said. “We use an industrial and Scott Williams of
rant suppliers are essentially nutritional strength meat grinder, and a food processor Garden to Be bringing
credit unions, giving clients ingredients in at home won’t get the same texture.” fresh produce to
ERIN LUBIN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
exchange for a promise to pay in 30 days or These are all things he assumes Landmark Creamery,
60 days, if they didn’t go out of business customers will crave whenever Shouk’s which will add the items
first. company as a virtual big-box store for bulk other female cheesemakers around the regular business returns to full strength. to orders the Wisconsin
Retail customers, though, have a peculiar items as well as everyday staples like country. These victory boxes, which can be “Anything we implement today is only company is delivering to
habit of paying up front. This has proved to bananas. shipped nationally, are part of a larger effort something we think will work in the long homes.
be a boon for some companies. Retail customers are likely to stay in the to help small cheesemakers and dairy term, not just to survive right now,” Mr.
“The cash flow model is incredible,” said mix as restaurants start to come back. “Just farmers. Nussbacher said.
Adrian Hoffman, an owner of Four Star like demand led us here, we think demand is Many farmers saw their customer base Until the virus is brought under control,
Seafood in San Francisco, which over a sin- going to lead us to the next chapter,” Mr. grow rapidly when they started making many restaurants will have to configure
gle weekend in March rerouted its fleet of 13 Murphy said. home deliveries. their dining rooms in new ways.
fish trucks from high-end Bay Area restau- For consumers, the great pivot of 2020 Nat and Alison Bjerke-Harvey usually In March, Good Dog Houston converted
rants to the homes of individual customers. has brought access to items like prized oys- sell about half the microgreens and garden its two locations to convenience stores mod-
Why not keep supplying them with special ters that until recently were found only at vegetables they grow in Manhattan, Kan., to eled loosely on New York City’s bodegas,
soy sauces from Japan, unusual oils and, on raw bars. Now they are sold by wholesalers restaurants, and the other half at a farmers’ selling dried pasta and beans, canned toma-
special request, eggs, Mr. Hoffman thought, market in town. Both were shut down in toes, paper towels and its own line of hot-
for at least a portion of his trade? March, so the couple began loading their dog kits. Last month, when the restaurants
Selling directly to Piccalilli Farm sunflower and pea shoots were allowed to reopen with strict limita-
“We certainly don’t want to let this go
when this is all done,” he said. “Selling di- consumers is almost into the back of their minivan, along with tions on indoor seating, they displayed gro-
rectly to consumers is almost a better busi- a better business. French breakfast radishes, beets and green cery items on tables that they would other-
ness in that it spits out enough cash to pay onions. They quickly reached 200 deliveries wise have had to remove or leave empty.
off everything we owed.” a week. With the spoils, though, come the trou-
Baldor Specialty Foods, a Bronx whole- or by the oyster farmers themselves, at On Tuesday mornings, when their online bles. Home cooks, just like chefs, are learn-
saler specializing in produce and meat, prices that can be less than half of the $3 or store starts taking new orders, they some- ing about botched deliveries and products
started with a $250 minimum for home de- $4 that restaurants typically charge. times sit and watch as items sell out within that don’t live up to their billing. Ordering
liveries in March but quickly dropped it to Many of these newly popular retailers minutes. “For a small specialty market in from wholesalers can also mean ending up
$200. The company also expanded its deliv- draw on connections that supermarkets our part of the country, we don’t usually with five liters of balsamic vinegar or car-
ery zones, which radiate out of Washington, don’t have. For Anna Thomas Bates and have the problem of not being able to meet rots the size of a small child.
New York and Boston to beach towns Anna Landmark, who produce sheep milk the demand,” Ms. Bjerke-Harvey said. But for Mr. Strong and other restaura-
stretching from Maryland to New Hamp- cheese at Landmark Creamery in Paoli, teurs, the ability to offer provisions, cooking
shire. Wis., driving their award-winning products RESTAURANTS HAVE OFTEN had access to in- advice and food delivery is likely going to
“To home customers our message is, to the customer’s front door has been “a gredients that their customers didn’t know remain good business.
‘We’ll travel with you this summer wherev- huge adventure,” as Ms. Bates put it. about or couldn’t get their hands on. Getting “We have a dining public that is more
er you go,’” said T. J. Murphy, the chief exec- They have been able to help some of their a farmer or cheesemaker or winery to grant fickle than ever,” he said. “They bounce
utive. “Restaurants were always slow in the neighbors stay afloat by delivering fresh an exclusive on some obscure, delicious around from place to place, post their Yelp
summer as it was.” eggs, organic Desiree potatoes, locally item used to be a considered a victory for review, take a picture of their food and move
Home shoppers can place orders with milled spelt and rye flour, grass-fed beef and chefs. on. We need real ways to provide for our
Baldor for rare and unusual ingredients like other products from other farms. This The pandemic has put those relation- community and have ways to be more sus-
finger limes, foraged mushrooms and green week, they will start taking orders for an as- ships in a different perspective. tainable. And any way we can rethink that, I
almonds. They’ve also learned to treat the sortment of cheeses, including some from “There is this group of farms that relied think, is important.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020 N D7

‘Thinking Like a Sturgeon’

PHOTOGRAPHS BY JENNY RIFFLE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1 Ms. Miller carries this philosophy with

wave, maybe, from the other side. her. She was born into a community where
“It’s like you’re looking at that history,” disputes raged over treaty fishing rights.
she said. “They’re like elders.” Her mother remembers playing on the
Last year, after nurturing a handful of rocks as Ms. Miller’s grandfather fished for
adult females for a decade, she harvested sturgeon at the Celilo Falls, now sub-
them for their eggs. Ms. Miller, an enrolled merged.
member of the Yakama Nation, sent their As an adult, Ms. Miller earned a degree in
roe to be processed into caviar. It was an ex- fisheries resources at the University of
periment, a small commercial side project Idaho. She spent time working in other trib-
budding off from her larger focus on conser- al, state and commercial hatcheries along
vation. the basin, juggling her work in conservation
For Ms. Miller, who prefers her caviar with the responsibilities of caring for her
spooned onto a potato chip, the primary fo- family.
cus is restoring the sturgeon population. Al- “Our natural resources are sacred to us,”
though caviar as we eat it today is not a his- she said. “It’s up to us to oversee them.”
toric Yakama food — Ms. Miller’s forebears But although leaders of the Yakama and
boiled the eggs, rather than eating them un- Lummi nations have called for the removal
cooked — the luxury product serves as an of three dams on the Columbia, Ms. Miller
ambassador for her broader mission. instead sidesteps the issue.
Last year, she started selling the caviar to She considers the dams the greatest
Crafted, a farm-to-table restaurant in down- threat to the sturgeon habitat — along with
town Yakima that is frequented by the local pollution, climate change and urbanization
agriculture barons. Ms. Miller hopes the — but has sought out a workaround. By re-
delicacy might be useful to a broader inter- leasing the 3,000 sturgeon as juveniles,
tribal effort to protect the river system. rather than babies, she is bypassing the ear-
“The Columbia River is literally our liveli- liest part of their life cycle, when they are
hood,” said Ms. Miller, 45. “Our natural re- most vulnerable to predators.
sources sustain us, so it’s our responsibility “This is sovereignty in action,” said Paul
to take care of them. Who better to do it than Ward, the program manager of the Yakama
the people it means the most to?” Nation Fisheries, speaking of intertribal
She had to pay for processing last year, white sturgeon recovery efforts across the
which resulted in a net loss. Her operation basin. “This is taking control of our future.”
will be viable only if she can process the roe
herself, but the coronavirus pandemic has
interrupted her plans to build a sanitized
space to process the roe. Sturgeon are a
long-term investment.
“If anything, with this project, we’ve been
forced to learn patience,” Ms. Miller said,
laughing. “Thinking like a sturgeon, it’ll be
all right in the long term.”
IN THE HATCHERY, most of the fish are ba-
bies, which Ms. Miller will release into the
Columbia when they’re almost a year old.

Top, a sturgeon hatchery

pond run by the Yakama
Nation in Washington
State. Clockwise from
above center: wrangling
a sturgeon inside the
hatchery pond; thanks to
the efforts of the nation’s
members, the sturgeon
population is being
restored; smoked
sturgeon and caviar at
the hatchery’s offices;
Crafted, a farm-to-table
restaurant in downtown
Yakima uses the
hatchery’s fish; Donella Protecting the river system is part of her
C. Miller runs the heritage, and her national connection to
Yakama Nation White natural resources. Her great-grandfather
Sturgeon Management and great-great-grandfather, both chiefs,
But some, which she raises to breed, are Project; and the were part of a group that spoke out against
enormous. The eight-foot fish knock against hatchery’s pools and the construction of the Bonneville Dam. She
one another, jousting with their armor and facilities have allowed keeps a photograph of them above her desk.
breastplates, their dull eyes flat on top of more than 91,000 It is also part of her family trauma. Her
their heads. sturgeon to be released grandfather was forced into a boarding
Today, fishing on the river is tightly con- into the Columbia River. school, away from the Columbia. When he
trolled, so when she releases the fish into came back, he no longer spoke Yakama. She
the wild, they have a good chance of sur- grew up hunting and fishing but finds tradi-
vival. Those regulations are necessary, be- tional species fewer and farther between.
cause sturgeon are vulnerable to overfish- Her children do not know the taste of some
ing and habitat destruction. They take a foods she grew up eating.
long time to reach sexual maturity, she said, “We’re still here and still doing this work,”
and only spawn every few years. Ms. Miller said. “These animals, these fish,
“Compared to any other species of fish, the river and its tributaries. The Bonneville For decades, experts have tried to stem they give their lives to sustain us. It’s our
sturgeon do disappear very rapidly,” said Lock and Dam alone generates enough the decline with fish ladders, which allow responsibility to protect them.”
Richard Adams Carey, the author of “The electricity to power about 900,000 homes, the salmon to swim upstream to spawn. But Although the pandemic will set her back,
Philosopher Fish: Sturgeon, Caviar, and the or a city the size of San Francisco. $16 billion worth of recovery efforts has not Ms. Miller is unwilling to endanger her staff
Geography of Desire.” Irrigation canals spider out from the res- stopped the loss, and salmon numbers re- members, who have worked alongside her
In the late 19th century, the taste for cavi- ervoirs into the fertile Yakima Valley, water- main troublingly low. for years. During the lockdown, she has
ar devastated the sturgeon population. The ing grapes for wine and hops for beer. Much The funds have not helped the sturgeon, made 800 masks for her community.
first verified sale of white sturgeon was in of the food grown in the basin — Idaho either, as the large fish cannot always climb Still, the virus has hit Yakima hard: Ac-
1884, five years before the Washington Ter- wheat and potatoes, Washington apples — the ladders built for salmon. As a result, dif- cording to data compiled by The New York
ritory became the 42nd state. ferent sturgeon populations are walled off Times, more than 3,891 people have been in-
By 1892, commercial fishing for white from one another, which limits genetic di- fected and more than 95 have died. It is
sturgeon had peaked, with a harvest of ‘Our natural resources versity. planting time, and agricultural workers live
nearly 5.5 million pounds, according to a Dams also slow the flow of the river, en- and work in close quarters. In early May,
2011 report released by the Oregon Depart- are sacred to us. It’s up to Yakima County had the highest rate of cases
dangering babies. Once, eggs were dis-
ment of Fish and Wildlife. By 1899, regula- us to oversee them.’ persed over miles, tumbling in the currents. on the West Coast.
tions were introduced — a minimum size Now, they clump together in the slow-mov- “Looking at it from a long-term perspec-
limit, a four-month fishing season. But it ing water, an easy snack for predators. tive, it’s worth it to protect human lives,”
was too late; the fishery collapsed. Just sev- is then loaded onto boats and shipped down Ms. Miller said. “The fish have been around
en years after the peak, less than 75,000 the river, lock by lock, to the Pacific Ocean. SPIRITUALLY, MANY MEMBERS of the for five million years. They’re not going
pounds of sturgeon were harvested. Of all the fish imperiled by the dams, Yakama Nation are committed to protecting away if we don’t stock any this year.”
Just a few decades later, in the 1930s, con- salmon have received the most attention the river system. From creation stories to In the long run, the gap — or “brood year”
struction began on the Grand Coulee and and protection. Before 1850, experts be- contemporary struggles over fishing rights, — will not significantly endanger her caviar
Bonneville dams. In 1975, the last major lieve, up to 16 million salmon and steelhead the nation’s identity is intimately linked to operation. Females are on a two- to three-
dams in the basin were completed. trout returned to spawn each year in the Co- the health of the ecosystem. year fertility cycle. If they do not release
Today, the Columbia River is more a chain lumbia River basin, according to the North- “If they disappear, we will disappear,” their eggs, they just reabsorb them into
of reservoirs, a reverse archipelago. Nearly west Power and Conservation Council. This said Gerald Lewis, the chairman of the Fish their bodies, she said.
half of the hydropower electricity generat- year, the Idaho, Oregon and Washington and Wildlife Committee of the Yakama Na- “They’re like: ‘Eh, oh well,’ ” she said. “ ‘I
ed in the United States comes from more fish and wildlife agencies predict only 1.2 tion Tribal Council. “We’re pretty much tied am going to live to be 150, and spawn 50
than 270 hydropower dams that segment million fish will return. together.” times. Waiting out this year is all right.’ ”
D8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Quarantine Exposes ate his family’s Guyanese chicken curry in

his apartment in South Ozone Park,
Queens.
The dish was taking a while, so he drank a
little wine and fell asleep on the couch with
In Bethesda, Md., Kathryn Spindel is liv-
ing with her adult daughter, Pippa, 22, who
moved back home in March. If it weren’t for
her husband’s cooking, Ms. Spindel, 54, said
there might be a repeat of the dinner of cut

Hapless Home Cooks

the pot still on the stove. He woke to a apples and cheese she once served her
smoky apartment and a pitch-black curry. daughter when he was out of town.
There was a silver lining: “I also realized Meaningful progress has come for some
my smoke detectors don’t work,” Mr. David, of the new cooks. Sudarshan Muralidhar, 25,
34, said. a software engineer in Seattle, said he had
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1 sauce over them. “It was terrible,” she said, Certain dishes have emerged as espe- learned that the pasta was supposed to go
“like chicken barbecue soup.” Her husband cially popular during quarantine — like the into the water only after it boiled, and that
of the housebound. On social media, it can has made a lot of instant ramen.
seem as if everyone is spending more time whipped dalgona coffee that has taken so- you couldn’t use the same kind of oil for ev-
Her only victory has been a lemon pie, in cial media by storm. ery dish.
in the kitchen, whether to bake banana which she had to substitute almost every in-
bread or to cultivate a sourdough starter Jennifer Tallman thought the drink might Numan Ahmed, 26, a merchandiser in
gredient in the recipe because she couldn’t be a way to dip a toe into cooking. She tried Montreal, finally bought a mixing bowl, af-
with a cheeky name like Jane Dough. Traffic find what she needed at the grocery. “I was
to cooking websites has exploded. Celebri- making it with an immersion blender at ter the dough for his homemade hamburger
so surprised that I made it work, and the pie home in the Washington Heights section of buns spilled outside the saucepan he was
ties are broadcasting their culinary feats. was delicious,” she said. It was “my only
As the website Grub Street recently Manhattan. “The mixture went every- using as a proofer. (He had broken the plas-
joyful kitchen experience so far.” where,” she said. “My kitchen ceiling, floor tic handle off the pan to make it oven-safe.)
noted, “In quarantine, it turns out, every- Still, some fledgling cooks have found
thing becomes a cooking blog.” and my shirt.” In March, Eric Phillips jokingly tweeted
pleasure, and even pride, in their debacles. She also tried to stage a romantic date about alphabetizing his spice collection of
Yet for all the home cooks who are em- “The fun part for me has been chronicling
bracing the art as a therapeutic escape or night, cooking garlic shrimp pasta for her five seasonings (including salt), and re-
my failures” on Twitter, said Kyler Callahan, ceived more than 4,000 responses, most of
mode of entertainment, there are as many a computer engineer in Seattle. “A lot of my
others who are left cold, or confounded, by them derisive (“How do you live like this?”
close friends do cook, so it’s like, ‘Hey, while ‘Chewy and weird’ “Do you even know what cumin is?”).
the sight of a stove. you are looking at these amazing things,
It’s hardly news that plenty of people results, like crunchy Now, he is using social media to learn to
look at this passable piece of food I made.’ ”
don’t cook, or don’t like to. But driven by ne- Mr. Callahan cooked a chicken breast on
pasta and smoky cook, watching videos and asking questions
cessity or inspired by the new popularity of kitchens. about what to do with ingredients. He has
his stovetop, but a thermometer kept indi- perfected fried eggs, he said, but his ambi-
cooking, Ms. Hodges and others like her cating that the meat was undercooked. So
have tried their hand at it, often with dis- tious attempt to make grilled octopus in his
he turned up the heat and promptly burned husband, John. “We had some wine, we West Village apartment without a recipe
couraging results: smoke-filled kitchens, it. were listening to Frank Sinatra,” she said. “I
blackened pots, whipped-coffee explosions. “turned out extremely tough and rubbery.”
Even toast posed a challenge. His toaster was trying to do it like we see in the movies.” Mr. Phillips, 39, who works for a crisis
Even when they succeed, satisfaction broke, so he turned to the stove. But be- The pasta came out chewy and not gar-
isn’t guaranteed. The pandemic has pitted management firm, said he didn’t resent
cause his stove top is pitched at an angle, licky enough. “There wasn’t an ounce of joy people who had found comfort in cooking.
the passive cooks against the passionate the bread cooked on only one side, which that came from it,” she concluded.
ones, with some feeling increasingly an- He just doesn’t always understand them.
burned. The center was cold. The butter Now, every night, she roasts vegetables Others feel more strongly. “I can’t look at
noyed by the culinary renaissance unfold- didn’t melt evenly. and fries some eggs, and for the rest of the
ing around them. more sourdough,” said Nicole Najafi, a writ-
One appliance that hasn’t failed him is the evening, her husband snacks on Little Deb- er isolating with her boyfriend at his par-
“I feel a little bit tricked,” said Kim Bald- rice cooker he bought a few years ago and bie Nutty Buddy bars and Turtle Brownies
win, who works at Parnassus Books in ents’ house in South Dartmouth, Mass. “At
has started using regularly. “It has been a to fill up. Sometimes the vegetables are raw this point, if you made bread, you don’t need
Nashville. “Like I knew all these normal huge savior for me,” he said. or burned when they emerge from the oven.
people who had this latent bread-making to post it. We have seen the bread. We are
She eats them anyway. good.”
skill that had never been talked about.” LAUREN O’CONNOR’S STRATEGY is to “get a
Ms. Baldwin, 43, has a kitchen full of un- bit drunk, cook as much food as I possibly A LACK OF ENTHUSIASM for cooking can be- Over the past two months, Ms. Najafi, 32,
used appliances that she and her husband, can and chuck it in the freezer,” she said. come even harder to bear when there are has learned to grill and make pasta carbo-
John, received as wedding gifts 12 years “Most stuff can be salvaged with a can of to- children involved. nara, but she is “absolutely” sure that once
ago. Neither has ever found cooking relax- matoes, some garlic and chile powder. If it “I don’t want to feed my son chicken she and her boyfriend move back to their
ing. doesn’t taste like something I dug out of the tenders and frozen pizzas,” said Miranda apartment in Downtown Brooklyn, cooking
Since her work has slowed, she has been garden, I am fine.” Richardson, an administrator for the police will no longer be a habit.
flipping through her few cookbooks (also Ms. O’Connor, 32, a paleoclimatologist in department in Laurel, Md. But what she She might bake more banana bread, she
wedding gifts). She made curried lentils Tucson, Ariz., is subsisting on defrosted makes may not pass muster with him. “Kids said, as it was “nice to have it hot out of the
with the legumes in her pantry, but later re- batches of beans and rice, paired with toast tell the truth when they don’t like food.” oven.”
alized they were about eight years old. topped with Vegemite, a food spread she She pointed out that she was actually a But will she enjoy the process? Not likely.
“They were chewy and weird,” she said. grew up on in Australia. good cook — she recently made a vanilla “I am scarred from cooking after this ex-
She tried making barbecue chicken by She’s not the only one using the time at cake, since so many others are baking — but perience,” she said. “There is nothing like
putting boneless breasts into a slow cooker home to connect with her culinary roots. still disliked cooking. “Being in that kitchen forcing you to do something to make you re-
and pouring an entire bottle of barbecue Richard David recently attempted to recre- just does not make me happy,” she said. ally not like it.”