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    THE ETHICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE MCQs

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    Chaman Lal Karotia
    Public health surveillance can provide benefits but also risks harming individuals if not conducted carefully. While names may sometimes need to be collected to monitor outbreaks, informed consent is not always necessary for surveillance as it could compromise data quality and disease control efforts. However, participants should still be informed. Those conducting surveillance must anticipate how it could infringe on privacy and liberty, identify susceptible groups, monitor for harm, and mitigate risks through sensitive communication.

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    THE ETHICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE MCQs

    Uploaded by

    Chaman Lal Karotia
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    Public health surveillance can provide benefits but also risks harming individuals if not conducted carefully. While names may sometimes need to be collected to monitor outbreaks, informed consent is not always necessary for surveillance as it could compromise data quality and disease control efforts. However, participants should still be informed. Those conducting surveillance must anticipate how it could infringe on privacy and liberty, identify susceptible groups, monitor for harm, and mitigate risks through sensitive communication.

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    THE ETHICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE MCQs MPH Notes

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    Public health surveillance can provide benefits but also risks harming individuals if not conducted carefully. While names may sometimes need to be collected to monitor outbreaks, informed consent is not always necessary for surveillance as it could compromise data quality and disease control efforts. However, participants should still be informed. Those conducting surveillance must anticipate how it could infringe on privacy and liberty, identify susceptible groups, monitor for harm, and mitigate risks through sensitive communication.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    507 views2 pages

    THE ETHICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE MCQs

    Uploaded by

    Chaman Lal Karotia
    Public health surveillance can provide benefits but also risks harming individuals if not conducted carefully. While names may sometimes need to be collected to monitor outbreaks, informed consent is not always necessary for surveillance as it could compromise data quality and disease control efforts. However, participants should still be informed. Those conducting surveillance must anticipate how it could infringe on privacy and liberty, identify susceptible groups, monitor for harm, and mitigate risks through sensitive communication.

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    By Dr Mazhar Ul Khaliq

    MPH Self Assessment Test ‘ETHICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH’

    THE ETHICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

    1. Is it ethical for doctors to provide individually identifiable data, including


    names and other socio-demographic characteristics, to health authorities to
    monitor flu outbreaks?

    A. Yes
    B. No

    2. Should participants in public health surveillance always be asked for their


    informed consent?

    A. Yes
    B. No

    3. Must participants in HIV surveys be informed about their status?

    A. Yes
    B. No

    4 Which of the below is NOT used for public health surveillance activities?

    A. Wearable devices
    B. Smart phones
    C. Drones
    D. Closed circuit cameras
    E. Reality TV

    5 Can public health surveillance harm people?

    A. Yes
    B. No
    Rationale
    1. Yes

    In some instances, the collection of names or identifiable data is both technically and ethically
    required. Effective surveillance may require the de-duplication of records (that is, avoidance of
    double-counting, which can lead to overestimates of incidence or prevalence).

    Responsible data collection and sharing practices should ensure the security of the data collected
    in order to safeguard the privacy and other interests of the individuals and communities
    concerned. In particular, sensitive information that raises the risks of stigmatization or
    discrimination should be subject to specific and especially rigorous security safeguards.

    2. NO

    Informed consent is not the norm in public health surveillance. For surveillance to be effective, it
    needs to have the fullest picture possible of population health. If individuals are given the choice
    to opt-out of surveillance, this compromises the quality of data and efforts to limit disease
    spread. However, as far as possible, participants should be informed about the activity. In
    exceptional cases, such as when surveillance involves serious risks for participants, they should
    give prior informed consent.

    3. Yes

    There is an ethical obligation to inform participants of their health related results, so that
    appropriate follow-up actions such as referral and treatment can be taken.

    The WHO Guidelines on the Ethics of Public Health Surveillance highlight the importance of
    informing consenting individuals of the results of surveillance, and referring them for follow-up
    in the case of positive results.

    4. E Reality TV

    The ubiquitous use of personal computers, smart phones, wearable devices, closed-circuit
    cameras, genetic sequencers, semi-autonomous drones, and other technologies means that we
    produce a steady stream of digital data that can be useful for informing public health
    surveillance. However, they raise a host of ethical concerns.

    5. Although not necessarily a harm in itself, public health surveillance can trigger interventions
    that infringe on privacy and liberty. For example, surveillance might trigger contract tracing,
    quarantine, or mandatory vaccination or treatment.

    That doesn’t mean that surveillance, intervention, and clear communication about the results of
    surveillance shouldn’t happen. But it does mean that those responsible for surveillance need to
    anticipate the risks of harm in advance identify groups who are particularly susceptible to
    increased harms from disease, stigmatization, or discrimination; monitor constantly for harm; do
    whatever is possible to mitigate harm; and communicate in a sensitive and responsible manner.

    *The WHO Guidelines on the Ethics of Public Health Surveillance provides detail information to these
    scenarios.

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