NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM Modules

NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
(NSTP-ROTC/CWTS)
M OD U L E S
Compiled by:
ALPHEE F. LACHICA
Asst. Professor II
ALEXANDER MANGOBA JR.

Lecturer
INTRODUCTION
REVISED IRR OF NSTP ACT OF 2001 (RA 9163)
Learning Outcome
Analyze the implementing rules and regulations and its impact of the program both in the
school and the community.
Objectives
1. Define the components of the National Service Training Program
2. Explain the implementing rules and regulations of the National Service Training Program
Concept
Pursuant to Section 12 of the Republic Act No. 9163 also known as the National Service
Training Program Act of 2001, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and Department of National Defense
(DND), in consultation with the concerned agencies such as the Philippine Association of
Universities and Colleges (PASUC), Coordinating Council of Private Educational Associations of
the Philippines, Non-Government Organizations and recognized students’ organizations serve
as the legal basis for the implementation of the program in the universities and colleges
nationwide.
Rule 1 -- Guiding Principle

Section 1. Guiding Principle- While it is the prime duty of the government to protect all its
citizens, and in turn it is the responsibility of all citizens to defend the security and promote the
general welfare of the State, and in fulfillment thereof, the government may require each citizen
to render personal military or civil service.
Section 2 – Role of the Youth
a. In recognition of the vital role of the youth in nation-building, the State shall promote civic
consciousness among them and shall develop their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual,
and social well-being. It shall inculcate the ideals of;
 Patriotism
 Nationalism
 Advance their involvement in public and civic affairs
b. As the most valuable resource of the nation, they shall be motivated, trained., organized
and involved in military, literacy, civic welfare programs and other similar endeavors in
the service of the nation.
Rule II – Definition of Terms
Section 3. As used in the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), the following
terms shall mean:
National Service Training Program (NSTP) – refers to the program aimed at enhancing civic
consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth, by developing the ethics of service and
patriotism while undergoing training in any of the three (3) Program components, specifically
designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare.
Reserved Officers Training Corps (ROTC) – refers to the program component institutionalized
under Section 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, designed to provide military training to
tertiary level students in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for national
defense preparedness.
Literacy Training Service (LTS) – refers to the program component designed to train the
students to teach literacy and numeric skills to school children, out-of-school youth and other
segments of society in need of their services.
Civic Welfare Services – refers to the program component or activities contributory to the
general welfare and the betterment of life for members of the community or the enhancement of
its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals of citizenry and other social welfare services.
Program Component refers to the service components of NSTP as defined herein.
Clustering – refers to the grouping of students enrolled in different schools and taking up the
same NSTP component into one (1) group under the management and supervision of a
designated school.
Class Enrollment – refers to a system of enrollment where a student is officially enrolled in an

academic program of an origin school but is allowed to enroll in the NSTP component of another
accepting school.
Non-Government Organization (NGO) – refers to any private organization duly accredited by

CHED or recognized by TESDA.
Student Cadet – refers to a student enrolled in the ROTC component.
Rule III – Program Implementation
Section 4 – Coverage
a. All incoming freshmen students, male and female starting School Year (2002-2003)
enrolled in any baccalaureate and in at least two-year technical-vocational/ associate
courses are required to complete one (1) NSTP component of their choice as a
requirement for graduation.
The above provision does not cover the following (For Exemption) :
1. Students who finished or completed baccalaureate degree or two0year technical-

vocational or associate course and pursuing or enrolled in another or additional
baccalaureate degree or two-year technical-vocational or associate course in SY 2003-
2004.
2. Students who completed any of the three (3) NSTP components but considered
freshmen to the course where they transferred or shifted.
3. Foreign students or aliens.
b. All higher educational institutions including State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) and
technical-vocational institutions must offer upon enrollment, all of the three (3)
components. However, State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) are required to maintain
the ROTC component. In cases that there is less than 350 cadets enrolled in ROTC, the
provisions of clustering in section 7 of NSTP IRR should be followed.
c. Program of study (syllabus) and enrollment forms shall bear the “NSTP” without stating
therein the three (3) components. There shall be a joint orientation of all NSTP enrollees
conducted by the ROTC, CWTS, and LTS coordinators/
Implementers. Students enrolled in the first semester of the freshman year shall be
made to undergo a common module phase for 25 training hours. Subjects included are:
citizenship training, drug addiction, disaster awareness, preparedness and management,
environmental protection and other national security concerns.
After completing the common module phase, the student is required to select the specific NSTP
component of his preference.
d. Philippine Military Academy (PMA), Philippine Merchant Academy (PMMA), Philippine
National Police Academy (PNPA) are exempted from the NSTP in view of the special
character of these institutions. Other State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) of similar
nature will be exempted subject to approval of the DND.
e. Private Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) and technical-vocational education

institutions with at least 350 student cadets must establish/maintain a Department of
Military Science and Tactics (DMST), subject to existing rules and regulations. For
DMST previously approved and activated shall retain the status regardless of the
number of cadets. However, for DMST which has been created after approval of this
IRR, there must be a minimum of 350 cadets.
If in case the number of cadets will be lesser than 350, clustering of ROTCU will be
taken cared by the ROTC of the State University and Colleges within the nearest school
will take the lead role.
Section 5 – Program Components
a. The NSTP shall have the following components which the students can choose from:
1. Reserved Officers Training Corps (ROTC)
2. Literacy Training Service (LTS)
3. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
b. All components of the program particularly ROTC shall give emphasis on citizenship
training and shall inculcate patriotism, moral values, respect for rights of civilians and
adherence to the Constitution.
c. The CHED and TESDA, in consultation with the DND and other concerned government
agencies, may design and implement such other non-military training components as
may be necessary in consonance with the R.A. 9163.
d. Within thirty (30) days from the approval of this IRR, the CHED, TESDA and DND shall
jointly issue minimum standards for the three (3) NSTP components which shall form
part of these guidelines.
Section 6 – Duration and Equivalent Course Unit

a. Each of the aforementioned NSTP components shall be undertaken for an academic
period of two (2) semesters. It shall be credited for three (3) units every semester for fifty
four (54) to ninety (90) hours of training for each semester.
b. A One (1) Summer Program (OSP) in place of the two (2) semester-program may be
designed, formulated, and adopted by the DND, CHED and TESDA provided the school
and AFP has the capacity to handle the same.
c. Earned NSTP units shall not be included in the computation of Grade Point Average
(GPA) of college graduating student.
Section 7 – Clustering and Cross Enrollment

a. Clustering of students from different schools during regular semesters or summer
periods may be done for any of the NSTP component taking into account logistics,
branch of service and geographical locations. The host school shall be responsible in
managing the Program.
b. The school must allow any NSTP student to cross- enroll in any CHED/TESDA
recognized institution. In cases of which the enrollment of NSTP cadet is less than 350
then, the provisions of clustering in Section 7 of IRR (RA Act 9163) shall be followed.
c. Students intending to cross-enroll shall be subject to the existing rules and regulations of
the school of origin and the accepting school.
Section 8 – Monitoring and Evaluation

A. Management
a.1. The school authorities shall exercise academic and administrative supervision over
the design, formulation, adoption and implementation of the different NSTP components
subject to the provision of this IRR.
a.2. There should be an NSTP office in each school, college/university headed by an
NSTP Director or its equivalent position responsible for the implementation of the
Program. Each of the NSTP component is considered a distinct and/or separate unit
under the NSTP office and the head of the unit shall report directly to the NSTP Director
or its equivalent position.
a.3. A functional chart of the NSTP Office shall be structured based on the capability of
the instruction to sustain the component program being offered based on the number of
enrollees.
a.4. In the case of ROTC, the school authorities and DND, subject to the policies,
regulations and programs of DND on the military component of the training, shall
exercise joint supervision over its implementation.
a.5. NGOs contracted by the school must secure a joint accreditation from CHED, DND
and TESDA to formulate and administer training modules for CWTS and LTS
components. CHED, DND and TESDA shall exercise such academic and administrative
supervision with those NGOs. Within forty five (45) days from approval and issuance of
this IRR, the CHED, DND and TESDA shall issue the necessary guidelines for
accreditation of non-government organizations (NGOs) and training modules to be
utilized by these NGOs.
a.6. The DND shall formulate and administer training modules for the ROTC program.
B. Monitoring
b.1. An NSTP Joint Committee at provincial, regional and national level shall be created
by tripartite agreement for monitoring all the program components in the various
institutions.
b.2. CHED/TESDA Regional Offices, and DND/AFP (through the Major Service Reserve
Commands) shall oversee and monitor the implementation of the NSTP under their
respective jurisdiction, to determine if the trainings conducted are in consonance with the
Act. These officers shall submit periodic reports to the NSTP Joint Coordinating
Committee.
b.3. An annual NSTP Performance Evaluation (ANPE) shall be conducted towards the
end of the school year to evaluate and determine the achievement of training objectives
of the NSTP three components program.
CHED, TESDA and DND (through Major Service Reserve Commands) shall formulate
respective evaluation parameters on program administration and implementation which shall
jointly form part in the minimum standards.
b.4. At the end of every school year, the Higher Education Institution shall submit an
Annual Report to the CHED Regional Office and furnish the Office of the Student Services in
electronic template, indicating the following;
 Names who finished under each NSTP component
 The programs, projects and activities undertaken with pictorials and
documentation as much as possible
 Financial statement on the funds collected and utilized
The annual report on NSTP by the university or college shall be made available to faculty,
students and the general public in the NSTP Office.
In regions with colleges and universities having two or more campuses, the university
concerned shall consolidate the report before submission to CHED Regional Offices.
b.5. In cases of violations of guidelines, warnings/and or sanctions shall be imposed to
schools and accredited NGOs pursuant to pertinent rules and regulations.
Rule IV – Fees and Incentives
Section 9 – Fees
 NSTP fees collected shall constitute a Trust Fund, 70% of which shall be exclusively
used for the operation of the Program. The remaining 30% retained by the school
shall serve as contingency fund especially in support to un-programmed activities not
originally included in the program of expenditures prepared by the ROTC
commandant or CWTS/LTS Coordinator and approved by the school head.
Section 10 – Incentives, Insurance and Protection

 A program of assistance/incentives for ROTC students shall be provided and
administered by DND, in accordance with existing laws and regulations and subject
to the availability of funds.
 A special Scholarship Program for qualified NSTP Students shall be administered by

CHED and TESDA, with funds for the purpose to be included in the annual regular
appropriations of the two agencies, subject to availability of funds.
 The college or university may provide scholarship and other forms of assistance and
incentives to qualified and deserving NSTP students, the funding of which shall come
from available NSTP funds of the school.
 Personnel involved in the NSTP shall be provided honorarium and other incentives
based on the standard policy set forth by the HEIs.
Insurance and Protection

 School authorities concerned, CHED and TESDA shall ensure that health and
accident group insurance are provided for students enrolled in any of the NSTP
components.
 Schools that already provide health and accident group insurance and collect
the necessary fees for the purpose from their students as of the effectiveness of
these Rules are deemed to have complied with this requirement.
ORGANIZATION OF NSTP GRADUATES

( Sec. 11, Rule V of IRR )
a. Graduates of non-ROTC components of the NSTP shall belong to the National
Service Reserved Corps (NSRC) and could be tapped by the State for literacy and
civic welfare activities, through the joint efforts of DND, CHED and TESDA in
coordination with DILG, DSWD and other concerned agencies/associations.
b. The CHED, TESDA and DND in consultation with other concerned government and
non-government agencies, shall issue the necessary guidelines for the
establishment, organization, maintenance and utilization of the National Service
Reserved Corps.
c. Graduates of the ROTC program shall form part of the Citizen Armed Forces
pursuant to RA 7077, subject to the requirements of DND
Rule VI – Miscellaneous Provisions

( Sec. 12, Rule VI of IRR )
Section 12. Certificate of Completion

 Certificate of Completion with corresponding serial number issued by CHED, TESDA or
DND, shall be awarded to students who have successfully complied with the program
requirements.
Section 13. Information Dissemination

 The CHED, TESDA and DND shall provide information on these Act and IRR to all
concerned publics through different modes of disseminating information.
Section 14. Amendatory Clause

 Sec. 35 of Commonwealth Act No.1, Executive Order No. 207 of 1939, Section 2 & 3 of
Presidential Decree 1706, & Sec. 38 & 39 of RA 7077, as well as laws, decrees orders,
rules and regulations and other issuances inconsistent with the provisions of the Act are
hereby deemed amended and modified accordingly.
 These Rules may be amended, modified, or replaced jointly by CHED, TESDA and
DND, in consultation with PASUC, COCOPEA, NGOs and recognized student
organization.
Section 15. Separability Clause
 If any provisions of this IRR shall be declared constitutional or invalid, the other sections
or provisions not affected thereby shall remain in full force and effect.
Section 16. Effectivity

 These rules shall take effect fifteen (15) days after publication in a newspaper of general
circulation and shall remain in force and effect until revoked or amended.
II. ONE SUMMER PROGRAM (OSP)
INTRODUCTION:
This one summer program under RA 9163 or the NSTP Act of 2001, specifically
Section 6, thereof, provides for establishment of a One-Summer Program (OSP), which shall
be jointly designated, formulated and adapted by the Department of the National Defense
(DND), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA)
In compliance there-to NSTP-OSP shall establish the three (3) components:

1.) Reserved Officers Training Corps (ROTC)
2.) Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
3.) Literacy Training Service (LTS)
This is intended for graduating students in baccalaureate or at least two-year technical-
vocational or associate courses who have yet to comply with the NSTP as a requirement for
graduation, as well as for the students, who wish to be freed of NSTP activities during the
regular semesters, thus allowing them to concentrate on the academic subjects and other co-
curricular concerns.
IMPLEMENTING GUIDELINES:
1. COVERAGE:
1. a.SUCs shall offer OSP for ROTC and at least one (1) other NSTP component.
1. b.Schools under CHED and TESDA may offer OSP for anyone of the three (3)
NSTP components, subjects to the capability of the school and the Armed Forces of
the Philippines (AFP) to handle the same
1. c.Only bonafide students enrolled in baccalaureate or at least two (2) year vocational
– vocational or associate courses and required to comply with the NSTP, shall be
allowed to enroll in the program or a first-come-first-serve-registration basis.
2. CURRICULUM / PROGRAM OF INSTRUCTION (POI) AND DURATION:
2. a.The curriculum / POI shall basically be the same as that of the regular semesters,
with the respective course syllabi as guide.
2. b.A minimum of one hundred eight (108) hours, credited for six (6) units shall be
required, scheduling of which to be determined by the Commandant/Program
Coordinator or Director and approved by the Social Head.
3 .VENUE
3. a. In the case of ROTC, it shall be in schools with activated ROTC units or in military
camps to be determined by the major service Reserved Command.
Three Major Service Command of the AFP

1. Philippine Army (PA)
2. Philippine Air Force (PAF)
3. Philippine Navy (PN)
3. b. In the case of CWTS and LTS, it shall be in the schools where students are enrolled in
and in the identified / designated communities for practicum activities.
4. CLUSTERING and CROSS-ENROLLMENT:

4. a. Clustering for students from different educational institutions for the OSP may be
done in any of the NSTP component, taking into account logistics, branch of service and
geographical locations. The host school shall be responsible in managing the Program.
4. b. Schools that do not meet the required number of students to maintain the ROTC or
any of the NSTP components, shall allow them to cross-enroll to the schools, irrespective of
whether such school is under CHED or TESDA; and
4. c. Students intending to cross-enroll shall be subject to the existing rules and
regulations of the school of origin accepting schoo
Try this
Write a reflective essay in 300 words about the significance of the programs of the NSTP in
establishing linkages with the community.
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MODULE 1
GOOD CITIZENSHIP TRAINING
(RIGHTS, DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF FILIPINO CITIZENS)
Learning Outcome
Describe good citizenship and its

impact on good governance.
Objectives
1. Explain the rights and duties of every Filipino citizen.

2. Analyze the influence of good citizenship and its
impact on good governance.
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
1. ARTICLE II
THE PREAMBLE OF 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUION
“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God in order to build a just
and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations,
promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and
posterity, the blessings of Independence and Democracy under the rule of law and regime of
truth, justice, freedom, love, equity and peace, do Ordain and Promulgate this Constitution.”
Meaning of Preamble
The term preamble is derived from Latin word “preambulare” which means “to walk
before”. It is the prologue of the Constitution.
Objective and value of Preamble
1. Sets down origin and purposes of the Constitution
 It tells us who are the authors of the Constitution and for whom it has been promulgated.
 It states the general purposes which are intended to be achieved by the Constitution, the
government established under it and certain basic principles underlying the fundamental
charter.
2. May serve as an aid in its interpretation
Act as an aid in determining the meaning of vague or ambiguous provisions of the
Constitution proper. (e.g. imposition of tax for private purpose.
Declaration of Principles and state Policies

As a citizen of this country, it is our prime duty to defend it from all enemies, local and foreign, to
preserve its democratic ideals and uphold freedom and independence of the Filipinos.
C.A. No. 1 “National Defense Act”
 Originally known as “An Act to Provide for the National Defense of the Philippines,
Penalizing Certain Violations thereof, Appropriating Funds therefore, and for other
Purposes”.
 Enacted by the Philippine National Assembly on December 21, 1935 and approved by
President Manuel Luiz Quezon.
 Legal foundation for the establishment of the Army of the Philippines, the recent Armed
Forces of the Philippines (AFP).
 On this law the Army of the Philippines consists of a small Regular Force (Title 11 Art.
11 Sec. 19 of C.A. No. 1) and backed by a large Reserved Force.
 The Swiss Defense System influenced Gen. Mc Arthur to adopt “citizen army”.
Duties and Responsibilities
 At all times be loyal to the Republic.
 Honor the Filipino flag.
 Defend the State and contribute to its development and welfare.
 Uphold, obey the Constitution and all laws and to cooperate with the duly-constituted
authorities and
 The attainment of a just and orderly society.
 The rights of the individual imposed upon him the correlative duty to exercise this
responsibility with due regard for the rights of others.
These principles underscore the following:
 You do not live alone by yourself.
 You have duties and obligations to the society to fulfill 9e.g. paying of taxes)
 You have certain inalienable rights to enjoy that do not give you freedom to trample on
the rights of others
 Exercise your rights with certain degree of responsibility.
11. Republic act no. 8491

CODE OF THE NATIONAL FLAG, ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT-OF-ARMS AND OTHER
HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES OF THE PHILIPPINES
Section 1. Short title – This Act shall be known as the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the
Philippines”.
Section 2. Declaration of policy – Reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded the flag,
the anthem, and other national symbols which embody the national ideals and traditions and
which express the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity. The heraldic items and
devices shall seek to manifest the national virtues and to inculcate in the minds and hearts of
our people a just pride in their native land, fitting respect and affection for the national flag and
anthem, and the proper use of the national motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and
devices.
Section 3. Definition of terms – whenever used in this Act, the term:

a. “Military” shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines including the
Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and the
Bureau of Fire Protection;
b. “Festoon” – shall mean to hang in a curved shape between two points as a decoration;
c. “Flag” – shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless stated otherwise;
d. “Fly” – shall mean the part of the flag outside the hoist or length;
e. “Symbol” – shall mean any conventional sign which reveals man’s achievement and
heroism (for orders and decorations), identification, authority and a sign of dignity (for
coat-of-arms, logo and insignia);
f. “Half – Mast” – shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top
and bottom of the staff;
g. “Hoist” – shall mean the part of the flag nearest the staff or the canvass to which the
halyard is attached.
h. “Inclement Weather” – shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the locality;
i. “National Anthem” – shall mean the Philippine National Anthem;
j. “Official Residences” – shall mean Malacañang, and other government-owned structures
occupied by the Philippine Consulate or Embassies abroad;
k. “Places of Frivolity” – shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous
merriment or recreation; and
l. “Institute” – shall mean the National Historical Institute.
The Flag Code

1. The National Flag alone shall be displayed in all public buildings, official residences, and
Public Square and learning institutions. It shall be raised at sunrise and lowered at
sunset.
2. The Flag should never be used to return the salute of any individual or organization. The
Flag, if flown into a flagpole should have its blue filed up on top. If in hanging position,
the blue field should be to the right (left observer). (RA 8491, Sec. 10)
3. In hoisting the Flag, it should be raised briskly to the top-end of the Flagpole which if
planted on the ground, should be higher than the roof, and if placed at a compound, if
the pole is attached to a building, it should be on top of its roof and if placed at the
window, it must project to an angle pointing upward.
When flag is passing on a parade, the people walking should halt, uncover, and stand at
attention and salute.
4. The public display of a foreign flag is prohibited except in foreign diplomatic
establishments such as in chanceries, embassies or consulates, or other places
authorized by bilateral or international agreement, or international conferences of which
the Philippines is a member, national Holiday of Foreign countries, provided that such
foreign flag shall be displayed together with the Philippine flag which shall occupy the
place of honor.
No part of the flag should touch the ground. It should be handled and folded reverently.
5. The flag shall never be used as staff or whip, or covering of tables, curtains for
doorways. The flag may be used to cover the casket of an honored dead which includes
deceased civilians who had rendered services in the army, navy, or civil office of great
responsibility.
6. Additional prohibition
It is prohibited to deface or ridicule the flag, to dip the flag to a salute, or to add
additional marks of any nature on a flag. It is not used as drapery, festoon, table cloth,
as covering of objects, or as any part of costume or uniform.
It is also prohibited to be used as trademarks of commercial label design, pennant in the
hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles.
The flag should not be displayed horizontally face-up or under any painting, picture or
platform.
7. The National Anthem
The National Anthem should not be displayed except on public acts of official or semi-
official character or in informal ceremonies of civic in nature. People in the immediate
vicinity, if outdoors, should face the flag, uncover and stand at attention.
8. The National Anthem should not be played and sung for mere recreation, amusement or
entertainment purposes, in social gathering purely private in nature or at political
partisan meetings or places of hilarious or vicious amusement. It should however be
sung in school so that the children may know it by heart.
9. The Pledge of Allegiance
When taking the pledge in ranks, the members should raise their right hand with an open
palm at the leader’s command and hold this through the entire pledge. When taking it as
an individual, he also does the same and holds it through the entire pledge.
The National Motto

The National Motto shall be “Maka-Diyos, Mka-Tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa”
Republic Act 9418

“An Act Institutionalizing a Strategy for Rural Development, Strengthening Volunteerism and for
Other Purposes”
Declaration of Policy
It shall be the policy of the State to promote the participation of the various sectors of the
Filipino society, and as necessary, international and foreign volunteer organization in public and
civic affairs, and adopt and strengthen the practice of volunteerism as a strategy in order to
attain national development and international understanding.
The inculcation of volunteerism as a way of life shall rekindle in every Filipino the time-honored
tradition of “bayanihan” to foster social justice, solidarity and sustainable development.
Definition of Terms
Volunteerism- refers to an act involving a wide range of activities, including traditional forms of
mutual aid and development interventions that provide an enabling and empowering
environment both on the part of the beneficiary receiving and the volunteer rendering the act,
undertaken for reasons arising from socio-development business or corporate orientation,
commitment or conviction for the attainment of the public good and where monetary and other
incentives or rewards are not the primary motivating factors.
Volunteer- refers to an individual or group who for reasons arising from their socio-
developmental, business and corporate orientation, commitment or conviction, contribute time,
service and resources whether on full-time or part time basis to a just and essential social
development cause, mission or endeavor.
Volunteer Service Organization- refers to a local or foreign group that recruits, trains, deploys
and supports volunteer workers to programs and projects implemented by them or by other
organizations or any group that provides services and resources, including but not limiting, to
information, capability building, advocacy and networking for the attainment of the common
good.
Voluntary Sector- refers to those sectors of the Philippine society that organizes themselves to
volunteers to take advocacy and action primarily for local and national development as well as
international cooperation and understanding.
Registration- refers to the process by which volunteers/and or volunteer organizations are

recognized by PNVSCA (Philippine National Volunteers Coordinating Agency) for purposes of
coordination, networking, information sharing and documentation.
National Volunteer Service Program- refers to the collaborative undertaking of the various
sectors in the Philippines to achieve national development and international cooperation and
understanding through volunteerism.
Role and Modalities of Volunteerism in the Private sector

Volunteerism in the Academe- includes but is not limited to provision of technical assistance and
sharing of technology within the academic circle, target communities and other clienteles and
the upgrading of the equality of education and curriculum methodologies while providing career
enhancement and exposure to the volunteers.
Volunteerism in the Corporate Sector- as an expression of corporate social responsibility and
citizenship, refers to activities organized by the company, where employees give their time,
skills and resources in the service of the company’s internal and/or external community.
Volunteerism by Not-for-Profit Organization- includes but not limited to provision of
complementary service delivery and human resource development in underserved communities
as well as advocacy and articulation of the cause of the cause of the disadvantaged and
vulnerable groups.
Roles and Modalities of Volunteerism by Foreign Volunteer Organization-

Volunteerism by foreign volunteer organizations includes but is not limited to provision of
technical assistance not locally accessible in priority development areas within the framework of
technical cooperation and socio-cultural exchange.
Integration of Volunteerism in the Education Curriculum
1. Volunteerism as a concept and practice shall be integrated at all levels of education
across grades and across subjects.
2. The Department of Education (DepEd), the Commission on Higher education (CHED)
and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) shall identify
entry points for the integration of volunteerism at all levels of education
3. DepEd, CHED, and TESDA, in collaboration with PNVSCA, shall develop instructional
materials on volunteerism.
4. DepEd, CHED and TESDA shall issue guidelines for the adoption and utilization of the
instructional materials on volunteerism for all levels of formal and informal education in
public and private schools, colleges and universities, including vocational and technical
learning center and institutions.
5. PNVSCA, in consultation and collaboration with DepEd, CHED and TESDA shall
conduct periodic review and update of instructional materials on volunteerism.
The Good Citizenship Values

1. Pagkamaka-Diyos
 Faith in the Almighty God

 Respect for Life
 Order
 Work
 Concern for the Family and Future Generations
2. Pagkamaka-Tao
 Love
Love is patient and kind; love is not jealous or boastful; love is not ill-mannered or
selfish and irritable; love does not keep a record of the wrongs; love is not happy
with evil but delights in the truth.
 Freedom
 Peace
 Truth
 Justice
3. Pagkamaka-Bayan
 Unity
 Equality
 Patriotism
 Respect for Law and Government
 Promotion of the Common Good
4. Pagkamaka-Kalikasan
 Concern for the Environment
Exercises
A. Are you an active member of your church?
List down the activities in your church of which you are involved and tell something about
those activities.
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B. Do you have any experience helping your neighbor/neighbors in times of calamity
or need? Can you share it by writing an essay about that time and what did you do?
C. You and your community
Directions: Describe yourself and narrate your contributions as a good member of your
respective municipality.
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D. Draw a picture of the environment where your family lives. Describe how clean
and safe your place is.
ARTICLE III
Bill of Rights
Section 1
No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor shall any
person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
Section 2
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable,
and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be
determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be
searched and the persons or things to be seized.
Section 3
1. The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon
lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed
by law.
2. Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible
for any purpose in any proceeding.
Section 4
No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, expression, or of the press, or the
right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the Government for redness of
grievances.
Section 5
No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without
discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the
exercise of civil or political rights.
Section 6
The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be
impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired
except in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by
law.
Section 7
The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access
to official records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or
decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall
be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.
Section 8
The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form
unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.
Section 9
Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
Section 10
No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
Section 11
Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be
denied to any person by reason of poverty.
Section 12
1. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to
be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must
be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the
presence of counsel.
2. No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free
will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other
similar forms of detention are prohibited.
3. Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against him.
4. The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as
compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their
families.
Section 13
All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when
evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be
released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired
even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be
required.
Section 14
1. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law.
2. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is
proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of
the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and
public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to
secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf.
However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the
accused provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.
Section 15
The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or
rebellion when the public safety requires it.
Section 16
All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-
judicial, or administrative bodies.
Section 17
No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
Section 18
1. No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.
2. No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as punishment for a crime
whereof the party shall be duly convicted.
Section 19
1. Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment
inflicted. Neither shall death penalty, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous
crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall
be reduced to reclusion perpetua.
2. The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any
prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under
subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law.
Section 20
No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
Section 21
No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is
punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to
another prosecution for the same act.
Section 22
No ex post facto law or bill attainder shall be enacted.
Mind Mapping
Direction: Create a concept map about your responsibilities as a good citizen to protect your
rights. Think of a major responsibility and under each, write how you can perform such
responsibilities.
Cut and Paste
Direction: Collect pictures of shapes, cut and paste them on the box to form an image which
describes your characteristics as a Filipino citizen. In each shape describe yourself as a Filipino
youth.
MODULE 2
DRUG EDUCATION
(PREVENTION AND CONTROL)

Learning Outcome
Create a slogan with poster about the effects of drug abuse to promote drug prevention and
control.
DRUGS
Objectives
Drugs are chemicals that affect a person in such a way as to bring about
1. Explain physiological, emotional, or behavioral change. ‘Dangerous drugs’ are
the concepts those that have high tendency for abuse and dependency, these
substances may be organic or synthetic, and pose harm to those who use
of drug. them.
2. Discuss
the depth of WHAT IS DRUG ABUSE?
drug
Drug abuse is the continuous misuse of any substance, licit, illicit which
problem in results to changes in an individual’s physical, mental or behavioral
the country condition. Drug abuse exists when a person continually uses a drug other
today. than its intended purpose. This continued use can lead to drug
dependence, a state of physical and psychological dependence or both on
3. Suggest a dangerous drug.
ways on how
to solve drug WHY DO PEOPLE TURN TO DRUGS?
problem in Peer pressure
 Curiosity Adventure
the country.
Feel good
Escape from reality
Easy access to drugs
WHAT IS DRUG DEPENDENCY?
This is the state of physical and psychological dependence, or both, on a dangerous drug, or
drugs, experienced by a person following the use of that substance on a periodic or continuous
basis. A person dependent on drugs will experience withdrawal reactions (also known as “cold
turkey”, symptoms that occur after long-term use of a drug is reduced or stopped abruptly) after
abstaining from drugs.
WHAT IS ADDICTION?
Drug addiction is a complex, and often chronic, brain disease. It is characterized by excessive
drug craving, seeking, and use. Addiction is caused by brain changes caused by constant drug
use.
Drug Abuse: By the Numbers

Estimated Drug Users in the Philippines: 1.3 Million
Mean Age: 20-29 years’ old
Ratio of Male is to Female Users: 10:1
Commonly Abused Substances:

(1) Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)
(2) Cannabis (Marijuana)
(3) Inhalants (Contact Cement)
MOST COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS AND THEIR EFFECTS
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)

Methamphetamine hydrochloride is found to have harmful effects to
the brain. It changes how the brain functions. Studies have shown
that methamphetamine abusers have reduced motor skills and
impaired verbal learning as a result of alterations in the activity of
the dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation,
experience of pleasure and motor function.
Street names: shabs, ice, meth, crystal, kristal, basura, tawas
Other adverse effects of methamphetamine:

• Extreme weight loss
• Severe dental problems (“meth mouth”)
• Anxiety
• Confusion
• Insomnia
• Mood disturbances
• Violent behavior
Cannabis Sativa (Marijuana)
Marijuana use impairs a person's ability to form new memories and to shift
focus. Its active component, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) also disrupts
coordination and balance, posture, and reaction time (experience commonly
referred to as “spacing out”). Thus, chronic marijuana use significantly reduces
a person’s capacity to learn, carry-out complicated tasks, participate in sports,
driving and operating other machineries. Studies also show that marijuana use
can lead to lung cancer and other problems in the respiratory and immune
systems.
Street names: weed, jutes, pot, grass, damo, chongke
Health problems that come with the use of marijuana include:
• Problems with memory and learning

• Distorted perception (sights, sounds, time, touch)
• Trouble with thinking and problem solving
• Loss of motor coordination
• Increased heart rate and palpitations
Inhalants
The effects of inhalants are similar to that of alcohol, including slurred
speech, lack of coordination, euphoria and dizziness. Inhalant
abusers may also experience light-headedness, hallucinations, and
delusions.
Harmful irreversible effects of inhalants include:

• Hearing loss
• Limb spasms
• Central nervous system or brain damage
• Bone marrow damage
HOW CAN YOU TELL IF A PERSON IS ON DRUGS?

Changes in…
1. Appearance
2. Mood
3. Behavior
4. Interest
These are several effects of drugs:
A. MENTAL HEALTH/PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
a. Disturbance in Perception – auditory and visual hallucination

b. Disturbance in Orientation – paranoia, psychosis
c. Disturbance in Memory
d. Disturbance in Judgment – depression that may lead to suicide
B. PHYSICAL HEALTH/PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
a. Systemic
1. Cardiac (HEART) Pathology – irregularity of heart beat, elevated or lowered blood
pressure,
1. chest pain, convulsions or death from cardiac arrest
2. Pulmonary (LUNG) Illnesses
3. Hepatic (LIVER) Problems
4. Renal (KIDNEY) Diseases
COMMON SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE
The profile of a drug dependent or a substance abuser is as follows:

 Changes in attendance in school or work
 Changes in the normal capabilities in school/work
 Abrupt changes in overall attitude
 Generally lazy, irritable, discourteous, aggressive
 Usually untrustworthy and lacks self-confidence
 Manipulative
 Have a distorted view of reality
 Low frustration tolerance
 Con-game player
 Lacks interest in his studies/work (withdrawal from responsibilities)
 Blames everybody but himself (blame tosser) No respect for the rights of others
 Prefers to stay with peers (barkada)
 May frequently go to odd places (to take drugs)
 Poor physical appearance (unconcerned with grooming and hygiene)
 Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times
 Unusual effort to cover arms to hide needle marks (long- sleeved garments)
 Stealing items which can be readily sold
 Unusual borrowing of money from relatives and friends
 Association with known drug abusers
CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS
Substance abusers can be classified according to the frequency of their substance use.
1. Experimenters – people who abuse the drug(s) for experimental basis.
2. Occasional Users – abuse the drug occasionally/whenever there are special occasions.
They abuse the drug once every two (2) weeks to two (2) times a week.
3. Regular Users – abuse the drug on a regular basis approximately three (3) to four (4)
times a week or every other day.
4. Drug Dependents – people who tend to abuse the drug(s) everyday (almost every day) or
about five (5) to seven (7) times a week.
5. Mentally Ill Chemical Abuser/Substance Induced Psychosis – drug abusers who manifest
signs and symptom of psychotic disorders caused by the effects of drugs (hallucinations,
disorientation, delusions, etc.)
SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCY AND KEEPING DRUG-FREE
WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR DRUG DEPENDENCY?
 Withdrawal symptoms
 Need to take drugs to overcome withdrawal symptoms
 Compulsion
 Tolerance Relapse
 Reduced social/occupational act
HOW CAN YOU STAY AWAY FROM DRUGS?
 Devote yourself to your studies and other productive activities at home or in school
 Stay away from people, places and events that promote drug use
 Learn to manage feelings and cope with stress without using drugs
 Develop a strong moral and spiritual foundation
 Educate yourself about the effects of drug abuse
 Always say NO
WHAT ARE THE COUNTER-MEASURES FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE?

Republic Act 9165
An act instituting the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002, repealing Republic Act
6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972, as amended providing funds thereof
and for other purposes.
Section 1
Short Title
This Act shall be known as the “Comprehensive Drug Act of 2002”
Section II
Declaration of Policy- It is the policy of the State to safeguard the integrity of its territory and the
well-being of its citizenry particularly the youth from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on
their physical and mental well-being and to defend the same against acts of omissions detrimental
to their development and preservation. In view of the foregoing the State needs to enhance further
the efficacy of the law against dangerous drugs, it being one of today’s most serious social ills.
Toward this end the government shall pursue an intensive and unrelenting campaign
against the trafficking and use of dangerous drugs and other similar substances through an
integrated system of planning, implementation and enforcement of anti-drug abuse policies,
programs and projects. The government shall however aim to achieve a balance in the national
drug control program so that the peoplewith legitimate medical needsare not prevented from being
treated with adequate amount of appropriate medications, which include the use of dangerous
drugs.
It is further declared the policy of the State to provide effective mechanism or measures to re-
integrate into society individuals who have fallen victims to drug abuse or dangerous drug
dependence through sustainable program of treatment and rehabilitation.
RA 9165 and the PDEA
PGMA signed RA 9165 on June 7, 2002 and it took effect on July 4, 2002.
Creation of PDEA
PDEA is now the lead agency in the campaign against illegal drug trafficking and abuse in the
country.
Reorganization of the Philippine Drug Enforcement System
 Creation of the New Dangerous Drug Board

 The Philippine Drug Enforcemant Agency (PDEA) as its implementing arm.
 The Secretariat of the National Drug Law Enforcement and Prevention Coordinating
Center or DEP Center has been absorbed by the new agency.
 The Narcotics of the PNP, the Narcotics Division of the NBI and the Narcotics Interdiction
Unit of the Bureau of Customs have also been abolished.
 The PDEA is not under the Philippine National Police
 The PDEA is under the office of the President
 Its head, the Director General, has the equivalent rank of Undersecretary
Prevention of Drug Abuse

1. Maintain good health and personal decision
2. Use drug properly and appropriately preferably with doctor’s advice
3. Accept and respect yourself for what you are and your family
4. Engage in wholesome, productive and fulfilling activities and develop your potentials
5. Learn to relate effectively with others and cope with your problems squarely without using
drugs
Roles of the Community

1. Conducting anti-drug abuse campaigns, cooperating with authorities in the arrest of drug
pushers
2. Helping drug users from drug rehabilitation centers and dismantling the drug base network
existing in the community through police station
3. Plan a community action program involving young people, civic welfare and religious
organizations in trackling the drug problem.
4. Organizing worthwhile and constructive ctivities such as recreational, social and economic
projects which will serve as positive alternative to drug abuse.
UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES OF COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUG ACT OF

2002
Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

 The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any
person, who, unless authorized by law, shall import or bring into the Philippines any
dangerous drug, regardless of the quantity and purity involved, including any and all
species of opium poppy or any part thereof or substances derived therefrom even for floral,
decorative and culinary purposes.
 The penalty of imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty
(20) years and a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall import any controlled precursor and essential chemical.
 The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person,
who, unless authorized under the Act, shall import or bring into the Philippines any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical through the use of a
diplomatic passport, diplomatic facilities or any other means involving his/her official status
intended to facilitate the unlawful entry of the same. In addition, the diplomatic passport
shall be confiscated and cancelled.
who organizes, manages, or acts as a “financier” of any of the illegal activities prescribed
in this Section.
 The penalty of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years of imprisonment and
a fine ranging from One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) to Five hundred thousand
pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who acts as a “protector/coddler”
of any violator of the provisions under this Section.
Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of

Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals
person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give
away to another, distribute, dispatch in transit or transport any dangerous drug, including
any and all species of opium poppy regardless of the quantity and purity involved, or shall
act as a broker in any of such transactions.
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall sell, trade, administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another,
distribute, dispatch in transit or transport any controlled precursor and essential chemical,
or shall act as a broker in such transactions.
 For drug pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated individuals as runners,
couriers and messengers, or in any other capacity directly connected to the dangerous
drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals trade, the maximum penalty
shall be imposed in every case.
 If the victim of the offense is a minor or a mentally incapacitated individual, or should a

dangerous drug and/or a controlled precursor and essential chemical involved in any
offense herein provided be the proximate cause of death of a victim thereof, the maximum
penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed.
Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort

person or group of persons who shall maintain a den, dive or resort where any dangerous
drug is used or sold in any form.
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person or group of
persons who shall maintain a den, dive, or resort where any controlled precursor and
essential chemical is used or sold in any form.
 Should any dangerous drug be the proximate cause of the death of a person using the
same in such den, dive or resort, the penalty of death and a fine ranging from One million
(P1,000,000.00) to Fifteen million pesos (P15,000,000.00) shall be imposed on the
maintainer, owner and/or operator.
 If such den, dive or resort is owned by a third person, the same shall be confiscated and
escheated in favor of the government: Provided, that the criminal complaint shall
specifically allege that such place is intentionally used in the furtherance of the crime;
Provided, further, that the prosecution shall prove such intent on the part of the owner to
use the property for such purpose; Provided, finally, that the owner shall be included as
an accused in the criminal complaint.
 The maximum penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon any person
who organizes, manages or acts as a “financier” of any of the illegal activities prescribed
in this Section.
Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon:
a. Any employee of den, dive or resort, who is aware of the nature of
the place as such; and
b. Any person who, not being included in the provisions of the next
preceding paragraph, is aware of the nature of the place as such
and shall knowingly visit the same.
Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

person, who unless authorized by law, shall engage in the manufacture of any dangerous
drug.
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who unless
authorized by law, shall manufacture any controlled precursor and essential chemical.
 The presence of any controlled precursor and essential chemical or laboratory equipment
in the clandestine laboratory is a prima facie proof of manufacture of any dangerous drug.
It shall be considered an aggravating circumstance if the clandestine laboratory is
undertaken or established under the following circumstances:
a) Any phase of the manufacturing process was conducted in the presence or with
the help of minor/s;
b) Any phase or manufacturing process was established or undertaken within one
hundred (100) meters of a residential, business, church or school premises;
c) Any clandestine laboratory was secured or protected with booby traps;
d) Any clandestine laboratory was concealed with legitimate business operations; or
e) Any employment of a practitioner, chemical engineer, public official or foreigner.
in this Section.
Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals

hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who unless
authorized by law, shall illegally divert any controlled precursor and essential chemical.
Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for

Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals
hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person who shall
deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver equipment,
instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs, knowing, or under
circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used to plant, propagate,
cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare,
test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain or conceal any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical in violation of the Act.
 The penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one (1) day to four (4) years
and a fine ranging from Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000.00) shall be imposed if it will be used to inject, ingest, inhale or otherwise
introduce into the human body a dangerous drug in violation of the Act.
who uses a minor or a mentally incapacitated individual to deliver such equipment,
instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs.
Possession of Dangerous Drugs
person, who, unless authorized by law, shall possess any dangerous drug in the following
quantities, regardless of the degree of purity thereof:
(a) 10 grams or more of opium;

(b) 10 grams or more of morphine;
(c) 10 grams or more of heroin;
(d) 10 grams or more of cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride;
(e) 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”;
(f) 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil;
(g) 500 grams or more of marijuana; and
(h) 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to,
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or “ecstasy”,
paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA), trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), lysergic acid
diethylamine (LSD), gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), and those similarly designed
or newly introduced drugs and their derivatives without having any therapeutic
value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements, as
determined and promulgated by the Board in accordance with Section 93, Article
XI of the Act.
 Otherwise, if the quantity involved is less than the foregoing quantities, the penalties shall
be graduated as follows:
1) Life imprisonment and a fine ranging from Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00)
to Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00), if the quantity of methamphetamine
hydrochloride or “shabu” is ten (10) grams or more but less than fifty (50) grams;
2) Imprisonment of twenty (20) years and one (1) day to life imprisonment and a fine ranging
from Four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000.00) to Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00), if the quantities of dangerous drugs are five (5) grams or more but less
than ten (10) grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride,
marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”, or
other dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to, MDMA or “ecstasy”, PMA, TMA, LSD,
GHB, and those similarly designed or newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without
having any therapeutic value or if the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic
requirements; or three hundred (300) grams or more but less than five hundred (500)
grams of marijuana; and
3) Imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine ranging
from three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) to Four hundred thousand pesos
(P400,000.00), if the quantities of dangerous drugs are less than five (5) grams of opium,
morphine, heroin, cocaine or cocaine hydrochloride, marijuana resin or marijuana resin
oil, methamphetamine hydrochloride or “shabu”, or other dangerous drugs such as, but
not limited to, MDMA or “ecstasy”, PMA, TMA, LSD, GHB, and those similarly designed
or newly introduced drugs and their derivatives, without having any therapeutic value or if
the quantity possessed is far beyond therapeutic requirements; or less than three hundred
(300) grams of marijuana.
Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous

Drugs
 The penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) months and one (1) day to four (4) years
(P50,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall
possess or have under his/her control any equipment, instrument, apparatus and other
paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking, consuming, administering, injecting, ingesting,
or introducing any dangerous drug into the body: Provided, that in the case of medical
practitioners and various professionals who are required to carry such equipment,
instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia in the practice of their profession, the
Board shall prescribe the necessary implementing guidelines thereof.
 The possession of such equipment, instrument, apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or
intended for any of the purposes enumerated in the preceding paragraph shall be prima
facie evidence that the possessor has smoked, consumed, administered to
himself/herself, injected, ingested or used a dangerous drug and shall be presumed to
have violated Section 15 of the Act.
Possession of Dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings

 Any person found possessing any dangerous drug during a party, or at a social gathering
or meeting, or in the proximate company of at least two (2) persons, shall suffer the
maximum penalties provided for in Section 11 of the Act, regardless of the quantity and
purity of such dangerous drugs.
 The phrase "company of at least two (2) persons" shall mean the accused or suspect plus
at least two (2) others, who may or may not be in possession of any dangerous drug.
Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous

Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings
 The maximum penalty provided for in Section 12 of the Act shall be imposed upon any
person, who shall possess or have under his/her control any equipment, instrument,
apparatus and other paraphernalia fit or intended for smoking, consuming, administering,
injecting, ingesting, or introducing any dangerous drug into the body, during parties, social
gatherings or meetings, or in the proximate company of at least two (2) persons.
 The phrase "company of at least two (2) persons" shall mean the accused or suspect plus
at least two (2) others, who may or may not be in possession of any equipment, instrument,
apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs.
Use of Dangerous Drugs

 A person apprehended or arrested, who is found to be positive for use of any dangerous
drug, after a confirmatory test, shall be imposed a penalty of a minimum of six (6) months
rehabilitation in a government center for the first offense, subject to the provision of Article
VIII of the Act. If apprehended using any dangerous drug for the second time, he/she shall
suffer the penalty of imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve
(12) years and a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) to Two hundred
thousand pesos (P200,000.00): Provided, that this Section shall not be applicable where
the person tested is also found to have in his/her possession such quantity of any
dangerous drug provided for under Section 11 of the Act, in which case the provisions
stated therein shall apply.
Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as Dangerous Drugs or are Sources Thereof

person, who shall plant, cultivate or culture marijuana, opium poppy or any other plant
regardless of quantity, which is or may hereafter be classified as a dangerous drug or as
a source from which any dangerous drug may be manufactured or derived: Provided, that
in the case of medical laboratories and medical research centers which cultivate or culture
marijuana, opium poppy and other plants, or materials of such dangerous drugs for
medical experiments and research purposes, or for the creation of new types of medicine,
the Board shall prescribe the necessary implementing guidelines for the proper cultivation,
culture, handling, experimentation and disposal of such plants and materials.
 The land or portions thereof and/or greenhouses on which any of said plant is cultivated
or cultured shall be confiscated and escheated in favor of the State, unless the owner
thereof can prove lack of knowledge of such cultivation or culture despite the exercise of
due diligence on his/her part. If the land involved is part of the public domain, the maximum
penalty provided for under this Section shall be imposed upon the offender.
in this Section.
Maintenance and Keeping of Original Records of Transactions on Dangerous Drugs and/or

Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals
 The penalty of imprisonment ranging from one (1) year and one (1) day to six (6) years
(P50,000.00) shall be imposed upon any practitioner, manufacturer, wholesaler, importer,
distributor, dealer or retailer who violates or fails to comply with the maintenance and
keeping of the original records of transactions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical in accordance with Section 40 of the Act.
 An additional penalty shall be imposed through the revocation of the license to practice
his/her profession, in case of a practitioner, or of the business, in case of a manufacturer,
seller, importer, distributor, dealer or retailer.
Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Drugs

hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) and the additional penalty of the revocation of
his/her license to practice shall be imposed upon the practitioner, who shall prescribe any
dangerous drug to any person whose physical or physiological condition does not require
its use or in the dosage prescribed therein, as determined by the Board in consultation
with recognized competent experts who are authorized representatives of professional
organizations of practitioners, particularly those who are involved in the care of persons
with severe pain.
Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs

person, who, unless authorized by law, shall make or issue a prescription or any other
writing purporting to be a prescription for any dangerous drug.
Activity
A. Explain in your point of view on the questions in each item.
1. Why should the privacy of a drug dependent be protected under the compulsory submission
program?
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2. What role/s does the family have in promoting a drug-free society?

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3. Explain the reasons why the youth are considered to be easy target of drug addiction?
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Slogan with Poster Making
Interpret the song below and make a slogan with poster as a way of promoting prevention and
control of drug addiction.
Module 3
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
In implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, the NSTP shall be guided with
reference from:
Republic Act 9163

Section 11. The creation of the National Service Reserve Corps – There is hereby created a
National Service Reserve Corps, to be composed of the graduates of the non-ROTC
components. Members of this corps may be tapped by the state for literacy and civic welfare
activities through the joint effort of the DND, CHED, and TESDA.
Republic Act 10121

Section 13. Accreditation, Mobilization and Protection of Disaster Volunteers and National
Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the Private Sector. – The government agencies, CSOs,
private sector and LGUs may mobilize individuals or organized volunteers to augment their
respective personnel complement and logistical requirements in the delivery of disaster risk
reduction program and activities. The agencies, CSOs, private sector and LGUs concerned
shall take full responsibility for the enhancement, welfare and protection of volunteers, and shall
submit the lists of volunteers to the OCD, through the LDRRMOs for accreditation and
conclusion in the database of community disaster volunteers.
A national roster of ACDVs, National Service Reserve Corps, CSOs and the private sector shall
be maintained by the OCD through the LDRRMOs. Accreditation shall be done at the municipal
level.
Mobilization of volunteers shall be in accordance with the guidelines to be formulated by the
NDRRMC consistent with the provisions of this Act. Any volunteer who incurs death or injury
while engaged in any of the activities defined under this Act shall be entitled to compensatory
benefits and individual personnel accident insurance as may be defined under the guidelines.
Introduction to Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
The Philippines is located in the Circum-Pacific belt of fire and typhoon. This being so, the
country has always been subjected to natural disaster and calamities anytime of the year, in
whatever part of the country, we have been experiencing yearly natural calamities – floods,
typhoons, tornadoes, earthquakes, drought, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions which have
brought incessant miseries to our people, loss of lives properties.
In the mid-seventies and eighties, strong typhoons and torrential rains brought devastation to
Manila and large areas of central Luzon. The 1990 killer earthquake that hit several Luzon
provinces as well as Metro Manila and the effects of the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption had put the
National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) in the forefront.
To enhance the people’s preparedness and ensure precision and spontaneity in responding to
emergencies or catastrophes, the NDCC, together with the concerned agencies conduct regular
mobilization exercises and drills at all levels with the participation of the private agencies
concerned and the non-government organization.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Here are the terminologies often used in disaster response and rescue operations:
• CALAMITY – refers to a situation that is associated with catastrophic events where a number
of persons are plunged with hardship and suffering that are caused by problems like shortage of
food, clothing, medical care and other basic necessities.
• DISASTERS – are progressive or sudden events brought about by natural or human-induced

hazards that cause losses and sufferings to consequence of which results to people and
communities undertaking extra- ordinary measures to cope with their impacts.
• DISASTER CONTROL – refers to the act of limiting the effect of disaster through the
introduction of measures designed to prepare the inhabitants before, during and after a disaster.
• DISASTER MANAGEMENT – the efficient and effective utilization of resources and the
application of measure that will mitigate the impact of unfortunate events and facilitate return to
normalcy and redevelopment.
• FLOOD – a state or condition when water overflows from natural waterways caused by heavy
rainfall resulting in the water accumulation in low lying areas.
• HAZARDS – are natural or man-induced phenomena or activities, the presence of which

poses a threat to people’s lives, limbs, properties and socio-economic conditions.
• NATIOANAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL – the highest government body

responsible in advising the President of the country on the status of disaster preparedness
program and disaster relief and rehabilitation effort at the national level
• POLLUTION – refers to any discharge of liquid, solid substance or gases into land, soil,
waters, atmosphere, air or space which will create or render such environmental elements and
atmospheric air harmful or detrimental or injurious to human beings, animals, plants and the
nature’s environment and ecological balance.
• RADIO ACTIVE FALL-OUT – dust particles of Earth and debris, together with the radioactive
materials that cling to them and are drawn up into mushroom clouds resulting from detonation of
a nuclear weapon or devise and which are carried by the wind and sent back to earth.
• REHABILITATION – refers to the restoration of a person’s economic dependency to a stable

living either physically, economically, socially or emotionally.
• RELIEF – refers to anything that is done to alleviate the condition of those who are suffering
from the effects of a calamity/disaster and who at that particular time are completely helpless.
• RISKS – refers to the degree or chance and frequency that such hazards will affect or impact
people and communities.
• SPACE DEBRIS – these are remains of artificial satellites and other components as well as
their means of carriage aloft which fall back to earth.
• STATE OF CALAMITY – it is a condition that is declared by the President of the country in the
event of a widespread destruction to property and lives due to destructive forces of nature and
emergencies.
• VOLCANIC ERUPTION – an occurrence characterized by an ejection of volcanic materials

such as molten lava, rock fragments, ashes, lahar flow, steam and other gases through the
fissure brought about the tremendous pressure which forces open the rock formation or steam
reservoirs beneath the Earth’s crust.
• VULNERABILITY – the level of susceptibility or resiliency of the people and communities

against the impact of the prevailing hazards based on the state of physical, social, and
economic conditions in a given area.
The Disaster Equation and the Disaster Management Cycle
Disaster is characterized by several elements namely hazards, risk, people or community and
vulnerability. Hazards
 Hazards (H). Physical impact of the disturbance

 Risk (R). Likelihood of harm, loss, disaster
 People or Community (Exposure). Elements affected by hazard
 Vulnerability (V). Susceptibility and capacity to prepare, absorb, and recovery from
hazard
Equations as shown below:
a. Pre-Disaster Risk Reduction Phase
• Preparedness
• Development
• Mitigation
b. Post-Disaster Recovery Phase

• Response
• Rehabilitation
• Recovery
Rationale for Risk Management
1. The comprehensive risk management process has the potential to break the cycle of
damage and reconstruction when a community is subjected to repeated natural hazards.
It refers to a range of policies, legislative mandates, professional practices, social,
structural and non- structural adjustments and risk transfer mechanisms to prevent,
reduce or minimize the effects of hazards on a community.
2. To be effective, a strategy must be in place and ready for immediate implementation when
necessary.
3. This can only be done through advance preparation and planning.
Disaster Risk Management objectives
1. Reduce vulnerabilities in the community.

2. When sustained over a long term, reduce unacceptable risk to acceptable levels and make
the community become disaster resistant/resilient.
Disaster risk management refers to a range of:

1. Policies
2. Legislative mandates
3. Professional practices
4. Social, structural and non-structural adjustments
5. Risk transfer mechanism to prevent, reduce or minimize the effects of
hazards on a community
The following are Risk Management Measures:
a. Engineering measures (keep hazard away from people).

b. Land use planning and management measures (Keep people away from hazard).
c. Control and protection works (modifying the hazard).
d. Early warning (predicting hazard)
e. Preparedness planning (prepare in anticipation of a hazard event).
f. Reconstruction planning after a disaster with the aim of reducing the vulnerability.
g. Mainstreaming risk management in development practice and institutionalization.
Boost Your Understanding
1. Why is environmental degradation related to occurrence of disasters in the country?
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2. How does urbanization affect the human populace? Is it more of advantages or
disadvantages?
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Module 4
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range
from decades to millions of years. It can be a change in the average weather or a change in the
distribution of weather events around an average (for example, greater or fewer extreme weather
events). Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth.
WHAT MAKES THE CLIMATE CHANGE?
The Earth‘s climate is influenced by many factors, mainly by the amount of energy coming from
the sun, but also by factors such as the amount of greenhouse gases and aerosols in the
atmosphere, and the properties of the Earth‘s surface, which determine how much of this solar
energy is retained or reflected back to space.
CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
A. Natural causes
1. Continental drift - The continents that we are familiar with today were formed when the
landmass began gradually drifting apart, millions of years back. This drift also had an
impact on the climate because it changed the physical features of the landmass, their
position and the position of water bodies. The separation of the landmasses changed the
flow of ocean currents and winds, which affected the climate.
2. Volcanoes - When a volcano erupts, it throws out large volumes of sulfur dioxide, water
vapor, dust, and ash into the atmosphere. Although the volcanic activity may last only a
few days, yet the large volumes of gases and ash can influence climatic patterns for years.
Millions of tons of sulfur dioxide gas can reach the upper levels of the atmosphere (called
the stratosphere) from a major eruption. The gases and dust particles partially block the
incoming rays of the sun, leading to cooling. Sulphur dioxide combines with water to form
tiny droplets of sulfuric acid. These droplets are so small that many of them can stay aloft
for several years. They are efficient reflectors of sunlight, and screen the ground from
some of the energy that it would ordinarily receive from the sun. Winds in the upper levels
of the atmosphere, called the stratosphere, carry the aerosols rapidly around the globe in
either an easterly or westerly direction. Movement of aerosols north and south is always
much slower.
3. The earth's tilt - Changes in the tilt of the earth can affect the severity of the seasons -
more tilt means warmer summers and colder winters; less tilt means cooler summers and
milder winters.
4. Ocean currents - The oceans are a major component of the climate system. They cover
about 71% of the Earth and absorb about twice as much of the sun's radiation as the
atmosphere or the land surface. Ocean currents move vast amounts of heat across the
planet - roughly the same amount as the atmosphere does. But the oceans are surrounded
by land masses, so heat transport through the water is through channels. Winds push
horizontally against the sea surface and drive ocean current patterns. Certain parts of the
world are influenced by ocean currents more than others. Ocean currents have been
known to change direction or slow down. Much of the heat that escapes from the oceans
is in the form of water vapor, the most abundant greenhouse gas on Earth. Yet, water
vapor also contributes to the formation of clouds, which shade the surface and have a net
cooling effect.
B. Human causes
Greenhouse gases and their sources
a) Carbon dioxide - the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Changes in land
use pattern, deforestation, land clearing, agriculture, and other activities have all led to a
rise in the emission of carbon dioxide.
b) Methane - about ¼ of all methane emissions are said to come from domesticated animals
such as dairy cows, goats, pigs, and horses. These animals produce methane during the
cud-chewing process. Methane is also released from rice or paddy fields that are flooded
during the sowing and maturing periods. When soil is covered with water it becomes
anaerobic or lacking in oxygen. Under such conditions, methane-producing bacteria and
other organisms decompose organic matter in the soil to form methane. Methane is also
emitted from landfills and other waste dumps. If the waste is put into an incinerator or burnt
in the open, carbon dioxide is emitted. Methane is also emitted during the process of oil
drilling, coal mining and also from leaking gas pipelines (due to accidents and poor
maintenance of sites).
c) Nitrous oxide - a large amount of nitrous oxide emission has been attributed to fertilizer
application. This in turn depends on the type of fertilizer that is used, how and when it is
used and the methods of tilling that are followed.
d) Nitrogen - contributions are also made by leguminous plants, such as beans and pulses
that add nitrogen to the soil.
HUMAN CONTRIBUTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
All of us in our daily lives contribute our bit to this change in the climate. Give these points a good,
serious thought:
 Electricity is the main source of power in urban areas. All our gadgets run on electricity
generated mainly from thermal power plants. These thermal power plants are run on
fossil fuels (mostly coal) and are responsible for the emission of huge amounts of
greenhouse gases and other pollutants.
 Cars, buses, and trucks are the principal ways by which goods and people are
transported in most of our cities. These are run mainly on petrol or diesel, both fossil
fuels.
 We generate large quantities of waste in the form of plastics that remain in the
environment for many years and cause damage.
 We use a huge quantity of paper in our work at schools and in offices.
 Timber is used in large quantities for construction of houses, which means that large
areas of forest have to be cut down.
A growing population has meant more and more mouths to feed. Because the land area available
for agriculture is limited (and in fact, is actually shrinking as a result of ecological degradation!),
high-yielding varieties of crop are being grown to increase the agricultural output from a given
area of land. However, such high-yielding varieties of crops require large quantities of fertilizers;
and more fertilizer means more emissions of nitrous oxide, both from the field into which it is put
and the fertilizer industry that makes it. Pollution also results from the run-off of fertilizer into water
bodies.
WHAT IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE HAVE ALREADY BEEN OBSERVED?
Regional climate change is already affecting many natural systems. For instance, it is increasingly
being observed that snow and ice are melting and frozen ground is thawing, hydrological and
biological systems are changing and in some cases being disrupted, migrations are starting
earlier, and species' geographic ranges are shifting towards the poles.
Despite remaining gaps in knowledge, it is likely that these effects are linked to human influence
on climate. At the regional level, however, responses to natural variability are difficult to separate
from the effects of climate change.
Some previously unanticipated impacts of regional climate change are just starting to become
apparent. For instance, melting glaciers can threaten mountain settlements and water resources,
and damage associated with coastal flooding are increasing.
Vulnerability to Climate Change
Who are most vulnerable?

 Those who live in coastal communities
 Those who are wholly dependent on natural resources for livelihood (agriculture, fisheries,
forest, uplands, etc.)
 Those who have poor access to resources (financial, technology, government support and
services, etc.)
 Those with weak governance structure (poorly organized structure for providing
resources, less-income LGUs, etc.)
 Those who live in areas prone to natural hazards (floods, landslides, dry/very wet, etc.)
Potential Impact of Climate Change

 Sea water encroaching on dry land
 Increase in salinity of groundwater aquifers, estuaries and coastal farmlands
 Impending scarcity of potable water
 Will affect agricultural and aquaculture sectors (with conversion of agricultural into
aquaculture ponds)
 Accelerated sea level rise (resulting in fresh water intrusion)
 Decreased fresh water availability and/or aggravated water scarcity in some areas
 Increased runoff, soil erosion and flooding in others
 Increased frequency of extreme climate event (that could result in considerable damage
to agricultural production)
 Shifts in ecosystem service provision
In Human Health
 Changing rainfall patterns and increasing temperatures affecting outbreak and spread of
climate-sensitive diseases
 Decreasing access to food could result to malnutrition and health well-being of
communities
 Increased demand and stress on social services
Impact on Human Settlements

 Changing rainfall patterns and increasing temperatures affecting outbreak and spread of
climate-sensitive diseases
 Decreasing access to food could result to malnutrition and health well-being of
communities
 Increased demand and stress on social services
Agriculture
 Crop damages/losses due natural hazards including droughts
 Crop losses due to pests and diseases
 Decreased yield due to temperature increase and changing rainfall patterns
 Decrease yield due to temperature increase possibly cancelling out carbon fertilization
effects
 Decreased yield due to loss of agricultural land as sea level rise accelerates
 Damages/losses due to natural hazards
Water Resources
 Water scarcity in areas projected to receive less rainfall
 Decreased fresh water availability and/or aggravated water scarcity in some areas
 Critical changes in the water cycle, thus altering water supply
Biodiversity
 Degradation of habitats
 Shift in species
 Die-offs/extinction of species
Climate risks to Mining

 Threats to mine water supply security
 Damage to mines and associated transport infrastructure from flooding, cyclones and
other storm events
 Threats to port operations and shipping from sea level rise and storm surges
 Delays in construction of mine infrastructure or in production and shipping of products
 Human health threats for mine staff from changes in working condition or disease
prevalence
 Climate-related social dislocation and security concerns in communities around mining
operations
 Changes in surface and groundwater interactions, with implications for acid mine
drainage or movements of contaminants
 Threats to vulnerable ecosystems in areas within mining operations from direct climate
impact or via climate-sensitive agents such as fire, pests, weed or diseases
In coastal resources
 Coral bleaching, ocean acidification
 Coastal flooding/storm surge
 Mangrove destruction
 Decreased yield of fishery resources
 Flooding or submerge of low lying coastal areas
Adaptation Strategy: 2010-2022

Adaptation Chain
The Four Key Principles

 Principle of Equity and Social Justice
It recognizes that climate change affects men and women differently, so it should
ensure equal protection of women, men and poor
 Precautionary Principle
The Philippines will take precautionary, “no regret, low regret”
 Principle of Subsidiary
Ensures that decisions are taken as closely as possible to the communities and
that constant checks are made as to whether actions at community level is justified
in the light of possibilities available at national, regional and local level.
 Sustainable Development
Policies and measures to protect from and adapt to the adverse impacts of climate
change should be within the context of national development goals.
Proposed Vision and Mission
Vision
A climate resilient Philippines enjoying sustainable development
Goal
To build the capacity of communities to adapt to climate change and increase the
resilience of natural ecosystems to climate change.
Strategies
1. Creating an enabling environment for mainstreaming climate change
adaptation based on a decentralized framework of good governance
2. Reducing climate change risks and vulnerability of human and natural
ecosystems through ecosystem-based management approaches and
appropriate technologies
3. Establishing knowledge management systems on climate change based
on science and experiences of communities
4. Mainstreaming gender in all levels of climate change adaptation policy
formulation, development planning, and implementation
Executive Order No. 579
Encouraging the formulation and implementation of Green Philippines Programs through the
National Service Training Program (NSTP)
Republic Act No. 9512
An Act to promote environmental awareness through environmental education and for Other
Purposes
Section 1. Title. – This Act shall be known as “The National Environmental Awareness and
Education Act of 2008”
Section 2. Declaration of Policy – Consistent with the policy of the State to protect and advance
the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony
of nature, and in recognition of the vital role of the youth in nation building and the role of education
to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human
liberation and development, the State shall promote national awareness on the role of natural
resources in economic growth and the importance of environmental conservation and ecological
balance towards sustained national development.
Section 3. Scope of Environmental education – The Department of Education (DepEd), the

commission on Higher Education (CHED), the Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA), the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), in coordination
with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the Department of Science
and Technology (DOST) and other relevant agencies, shall integrate environmental education inn
its school curricula at all levels, whether public or private, including in barangay daycare,
preschool, non-formal, technical-vocational, professional level, indigenous learning and out-of-
school youth courses or programs. Environmental education shall encompass environmental
concepts and principles, environmental laws, the state of international degradation and its impact
on human well-being, the responsibility of the citizenry to the environment and the value of
conservation, protection and rehabilitation of natural resources and the environment in the context
of sustainable development. It shall cover both theoretical and practicum modules comprising
activities, projects, programs including, but not limited to tree planting, waste minimization,
segregation, recycling and composting, freshwater and marine conservation.
Section 4. Environmental Education and Activities as Part of National Service Training Program-
The CHED and the TESDA shall include environmental education and awareness programs and
activities in the National Service Training Program under Republic Act No. 9163, as part of the
Civic Welfare Training Service component required for all baccalaureate degree courses and
vocational courses with a curriculum of at least two (2) years.
Section 5. Declaration of Environmental awareness Month- Pursuant to the policy set forth in this
Act, the month of November of every year shall be known as the “Environmental Awareness
Month” throughout the Philippines.
Section 6. Inter-agency and Multi-sectoral Effort
Deped, CHED, TESDA, DENR, DOST and other relevant agencies, in consultation with experts
of the environment and the academe shall lead in the implementation of public education and
awareness programs on environmental protection and conservation through collaborative
interagency and multi-sectoral effort at all levels.
DENR- have the primary responsibility of periodically informing all agencies concerned on
current environmental updates, including identifying priority environmental education issues for
national action and providing strategic advice on the environmental education activities.
DepEd, CHED, TESDA, DENR, DOST, DSWD and barangay units shall ensure that the
information is disseminated to the subject students.
The DOST is mandated to create programs that will ensure that students receive science-based
quality information on environmental issues to encourage the development of environment-
friendly solutions, devices, equipment and facilities.
Section 7. Capability Building- The depEd, CHED and TESDA, in coordination with the DENR
and other relevant agencies, shall undertake capability-building programs nationwide such as
trainings, seminars, workshops on environmental education, development and production of
environmental education materials, and teacher-education courses and related livelihood
programs.
Separability Clause. If any part, section or provision of this Act shall be held invalid or
unconstitutional, the other provisions shall not be affected thereby.
Section 9. Repealing Clause- all other acts, laws, executive orders, presidential issuances, rules
and regulations or any part thereof which are inconsistent with this Act are hereby repealed or
modified accordingly.
Section 10. Effectivity- This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in the
Official Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation
HOW DO PEOPLE ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE?
• Humans need to adapt to the impacts of climate change, for instance through technological
solutions such as coastal defenses and changes in consumption habits.
• Vulnerability of human populations to climate change and its consequences can be affected by
other factors, such as pollution, conflicts, or epidemics such as AIDS. An emphasis on
sustainable development can help human societies reduce their vulnerability to climate change.
• Mitigation measures that aim to reduce greenhouse gases emissions can help avoid, reduce or
delay impacts, and should be implemented in order to ensure that adaptation capacity is not
exceeded.
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE
A. House & Garden
1. Grow your own food. Planting things like garden vegetables and herbs will help you eat
locally and organic.
2. Redecorate with Eco-products. If you need to repaint your house, use latex paint rather
than oil based. Latex paint releases significantly fewer harmful fumes while drying and
smells a lot better - it's healthier for you, too.
3. Buy energy-efficient appliances. These will require less energy to do their job, meaning
lower bills and less fossil fuels being burned.
If you can't do this, use your existing appliances efficiently; make sure the dishwasher and
washing machine are full before running them to save energy and money.
Hang-dry your laundry rather than putting it in the dryer and put them outside on a
clothesline on dry days. Hang-drying will also make your clothes last much longer.
4. Reduce your electricity use.
Unplug your cell phone charger, TV and other electronics from the wall when you are not
using them, because they use energy when plugged in and on standby. The process can
be made easier if you have everything plugged into a surge protector with its own switch.
Turn off lights and other energy-sucking devices when they aren‘t being used.
Replace older light bulbs with energy-saving fluorescent bulbs. Fluorescent light bulbs are
a little more expensive, but much more efficient - they use about a seventh of the power
and last about 12 times longer.
Replace fluorescent light bulbs with Ultra Compact LEDs (UCLEDs). These use less
energy and last longer than fluorescent light bulbs. Additionally, UCLEDs do not contain
any dangerous mercury. Even though LED light bulbs are currently more expensive,
remember that your money is spent for a good cause: it will pay for the development of
cheaper and more effective generation of LEDs.
If you're leaving your computer for a while, put it on stand-by. You'll be able to restart it
quickly, and it'll take less energy than shutting it down and then restarting it.
5. Reduce the usage of refrigerants and air-conditioners.

6. Pack your refrigerator more tightly to reduce cooled air.
B. Water Conservation
1. Take short showers and share bathwater. Showers use much less water. The other choice
is to fill a bucket with water and take a can or a jug, and keep filling it with water from the
bucket and pouring it over your head - if you have some extra water save it for some other
person to use. You can lather yourself up with the water turned off in the middle of the
shower.
2. Pollute less. When washing dishes, wash greasy pans last to keep the water clean.
3. Turn off taps properly. Especially when brushing your teeth - every little bit helps.
4. Fix dripping taps. The constant drip wastes water, energy and money, so repair them as
soon as possible. You can also save by installing an inexpensive "flow control" device in
shower heads and faucets.
5. Use appliances efficiently. Running the clothes washer with a full load and using cold
water (30 degrees Celsius) whenever possible can lead to big energy savings. Use
detergents that clean clothes effectively in colder water.
C. Transportation
1. Use a bike. With gas prices so high, it will pay for itself. Ride it to work or school, for short
distances, to run errands, or to have fun. Everyone benefits when you ride a bike. You
help conserve our limited oil resources, you are not polluting, and you are exercising.
2. Walk short distances rather than drive. It may be convenient to drive, but let's face it, it
probably takes longer than walking would, and emits pollutants to boot.
3. Use public transportation or carpool for long trips. These options may take a little longer,
but you can read, listen to headphones, or talk to people instead of having to stare straight
ahead for the length of your commute.
4. Consolidate your trips. If you must drive to do grocery, shopping, etc., plan to do all weekly
errands on one day. You can get everything you need in one trip, saving you money and
time. It's also more fuel efficient to start a car if it's already warmed up.
5. Research biodiesel. This is a diesel made from a percentage of plant and animal fat (in
some cases reused fat). This is not suitable for all diesel engines.
6. Research energy efficient, electric, hybrid and diesel engines when buying a new car,
motorbike or scooter.
D. Shopping
1. Buy only post-consumer recycled paper products, including toilet paper and tissues. The
paper industry is the third greatest contributor to global warming emissions. Buying
recycled is as important as recycling - it’s called “closed loop" recycling.
2. Avoid using plastic bags from grocery stores. Bring canvas bags to carry your grocery
items. Use reusable bags and boxes. If you need a plastic one, make sure you use it again
and again!
E. Community
1. Knowledge is power. Learn everything you can about global warming. What is it? How
does global warming work? Why is it happening? What are the causes? What are the
critics saying?
2. E-mail relevant articles to your friends and family to get them up to speed about global
warming.
3. Write to your local council to ask for environmentally minded services such as recycling
collection.
4. Educate yourself, your family, your friends, and everyone you meet. Our culture is just
waking up to issues that have existed for years. The more people are aware of the issues
the more likely they are to make decisions that will be constructive.
Important Environmental Laws
Law
R.A. 9003 – Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.
In partnership with stakeholders, the law aims to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and
ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure the protection of public health
and environment. The law ensures proper segregation, collection, storage, treatment and
disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adaptation of best eco-waste products.
R.A. 9275 – Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
The law aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources
(industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household activities). It
provides for comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a
multisectoral and participatory approach involving all the stakeholders.
R.A. 6969 – Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990
The law aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources
(industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household activities). It
provides for comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a
multisectoral and participatory approach involving all the stakeholders.
R.A. 8435 – Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997
It establishes that the Department of Agriculture, together with other appropriate agencies,
should take into account climate change, weather disturbances and annual productivity cycles in
forecasting and formulating appropriate agricultural and fisheries programs.
R.A. 8749 – Clean Air Act of 1999
This moves for an effective air quality management program that will mitigate the worsening
problem of air pollution in the country.
R.A. 9512 – National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008
This promotes national awareness on the role of natural resources in economic growth and the
importance of environmental conservation and ecological balance towards sustained national
development.
R.A. 9513 – Renewable Energy Act of 2008
It promotes the development, utilization and commercialization of renewable energy resources.
Learning Exercise
CLIMATE CHANGE
1. Describe an ideal “Green Philippines.”
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2. Identify one specific thing that can be done by the following to promote environmental
awareness:
a) Elementary pupil
b) High school student
c) Market vendor
d) College student
e) teacher
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Module 5
NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS AND BASIC SECURITY
Learning Outcome
Describe the status of security in the Philippines during this pandemic.
Objectives:
1. Explain the concept of national security
2. Analyze the elements of national security and its impact to the people
Concept
National security is a state or condition wherein the national interests of the country, the well-
being of its people and institutions and its sovereignty and territorial integrity are protected and
enhanced.
National Security Policy
This is a statement of principles that sets the strategic policy and objectives of the Philippines,
the well-being of its people and institutions, and its sovereignty and territorial integrity are
protected and enhanced.
Elements of National Security
A. Socio-Political Stability
There is peace and harmony among the divergent groups of people in the country, and mutual
cooperation and support exists between the government and the people as a whole.
B. Ecological balance
The environment is able to support sustainable development strategies for the benefit of the
nation and the people who depend on its existence.
C. Territorial Integrity
The territory of the country is intact and under the effective control of the government.
D. External peace and Harmony

The country and the people enjoy cordial relations with their neighbors, and they are free from
any control, interference or threat of aggression from any of them.
E. Cultural Cohesiveness
The people share the values and beliefs handed down by their forebears and possess a strong
sense of attachment to national community despite their religious, ethnic and linguistic
differences.
F. Economic Solidarity
The economy is strong, capable of supporting national endeavors, and derives its strength from
the people who have an organic stake in it through participation or ownership.
G. Moral-spiritual Consensus
There is moral and spiritual consensus on the wisdom and righteousness of the national vision
and they are inspired by their patriotism and national pride to participate vigorously
National Security Threats

Gun Violence – use of firearms to threaten or inflict violence or harm. It includes violence or
crime committed with the use of firearm, it may or may not include actions ruled as self-defense,
actions for law enforcement, or the safe lawful use if firearms for sport, hunting and target
practice. Gun violence statistics also may include self-inflicted gunshot wounds (both suicide,
attempted suicide and suicide/homicide combinations sometimes seen within families).
Terrorism – unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or an organized
group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or
governments, often for ideological or political reasons. It is a separate phenomenon, a
philosophy of coordinated violence which tends to have a high degree of social impact on the
target society. Terrorist violence may be perpetrated by rebels in opposition to an established
social order or it may be inflicted by a state upon its own citizens or those of another state.
Street Crime – criminal activity occurring in a public place, usually in an urban area, including
theft of personal property, drug dealing and gang violence. The incidence of snatches and thefts
of gunpoint, of cars, motorcycles, cellphones, purses, cash and other personal belongings in
market, bazaars, parks and roadsides make a part of street crimes.
Rebellion – refusal of obedience of orders. This includes behaviors aimed at destroying or
replacing an established authority such as a government or a head of State.
Forms of behavior in rebellion
1. Non-violent methods such as the (overlapping but not identical) phenomena of civil
disobedience, civil resistance and nonviolent resistance.
2. Those who participate in rebellion who are armed are called “rebels”
3. Outsider – is one who is excluded from the group whereas rebel goes against it. A rebel’s
potential to overthrow the leadership is recognized and substantial, unless the rebellion is
crushed, whereas an outsider has been marginalized and is considered to degenerate.
Serious Illegal Detention
Detention – act or retaining a person or property. Illegal detention is the unjustifiable
imprisonment or the unlawful deprivation of liberty of a person by way of arrest for a wrongful
cause or suspicion and the continued restriction of personal freedom by retaining such person in
custody.
Hijacking – assumption of control of a vehicle through some means of coercion often the threat
of violence
Forms of hijacking
Aircraft – the motivation of hijacking of planes is often politically motivated, also known as
skyjacking and aircraft piracy and is the take- over of an aircraft by a person or group, usually
armed.
Carjackers are financially motivated
Water is a national security concern (Legarda, 2011). Water crisis is a general term used to
describe a situation where the available water within the region is less than the region’s
demand.
Domestic violence or spousal abuse occurs when one person in intimate relationship or
marriage tries to dominate and control the other person. Domestic abuse that includes physical
violence is domestic violence.
Peace Education is about empowering people with the skills, attitudes and knowledge:
1. to build, maintain and restore relationships at all levels of human interaction
2. to develop positive approaches towards dealing with conflicts from the personal to the
international
3. to create safe environment, both physically and emotionally that nurture each individual
4. to create a safe world based on justice and human rights
5. to build a sustainable environment and protect it from exploitation and war.
A Culture of Peace through service 9Global Peace Festival Foundation, 2011)

 Service to others ultimately means working toward a peaceful world in which all can
experience prosperity and happiness.
 Service means being creative and working together to solve problems.
 Service to others also means helping each person toward improving their situation,
depending on their needs.
Peace education is based on a philosophy that teaches nonviolence, love, compassion, trust,
fairness, cooperation and reverence for the human family and all life on our planet.
Peace education leads to peaceful living.
Activity
Covid 19 and National Security
The Philippines is one of the countries experiencing this pandemic and it has affected many
lives, how would you describe the situation of the Philippines now in terms of national security
and what measures have you done to cope up or manage the situation?
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CRIME PREVENTION AND BASIC SECURITY
Learning Outcome
Analyze the extent of enforcing police powers over the

civilians
Objectives:
1. Explain crime and crime prevention

2. Suggest tips on crime prevention
3. Explain the influence of police power to prevent
crime prevention
Concept
Crime can be prevented or reduced by some measures like remembering to lock the
door and knowing about the different modus operandi of criminals or syndicates. As responsible
citizens we need to build a united front against criminality and terrorism. We should not allow
ourselves to be cowed into fear, but instead live our lives normally.
The PNP organization and the AFP recognize the gravity of this problem and the
dangers it continues to pose on the general public. While the PNP .and AFP are doing their best
to contain this problem, the active involvement of the general public in putting a stop to this
menace is vital.
Crime – an act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it and for
which punishment is imposed upon conviction.
Crime Prevention – is everyone’s responsibility and not just the job of the members of the PNP
and AFP organizations.
Basic Crime Prevention Tips

At home
1. Use the deadbolt locks on all exterior doors
2. Make your home appear occupied when you go out by turning on the lights or radio.
3. Never let strangers in your home without checking their identification.
When you are out
1. Make sure someone knows where you are going and when you expect to return.
2. Avoid dark deserted routes even if they are the shortest.
3. When driving, keep doors locked and windows up. If you have a car trouble be careful of
strangers who offer help instead request them to call a service truck or police.
4. If a friend takes you home, ask the driver until you arrive in your place safely.
During assault
1. If the attacker is only after your purse do not resist.
2. Make conscious effort to get an accurate description of the attacker and call the police
Immediately.
Cell phone theft is on the phone snatchers are getting bolder everyday. People who carelessly
use or carry around their cell phone units in public places without regard to their security and
safety are always the common victims of this.
Anti-fencing Law also known as PD 1621
The Anti-fencing Law is a special which imposes penalties on people who sell, dispose, buy or
acquire anything of which are stolen. People caught possessing stolen property or articles is
punishable with imprisonment of six (6) to twelve (12) years to a maximum of twenty (20) years
depending on the value of the stolen property or articles.
Car Theft Prevention
1. Install a mechanical burglar deterrent or electric burglar alarm.
2. Do not leave your car engine running anytime unless you are in the driver’s seat.
3. Conduct a thorough background check of all the applicants if you going to hire a personal
driver.
4. Always require the following clearances: Barangay clearance, Police clearance and NBI
Clearance.
5. report immediately any car theft to the nearest police station or to the local Traffic
Management Office (TMO) and Highway Patrol Group (HPG)
Basic Street Sense
 Wherever you are- on the street, going to school, waiting for any transportation, stay
alert and be observant of your surroundings.
 Know the location and emergency telephone numbers of police stations, fire
departments and hospitals.
Theft/Swindling
Do not entertain strangers or any person whom you do not know, make sure that you
understand the person’s motives.
Bomb Threat Prevention
Bomb threats are handiwork of terrorists. The Philippine National Police encourages every
citizen and every establishment to be constantly prepared against bomb threats and bombing
incidents. Everyone should be prepared against bomb threat. Through preparation, you can
reduce the accessibility of your building and identify those areas that can be “hardened” against
the potential bomber. Proper planning can also reduce the threat of panic and decrease the
potential for injury and proper damage.
What to do in case of bomb threat and bombing incidents
1. Stay calm
2. Take proper precautions at home or at work
3. Report incidents or information to 117 immediately or other hotline numbers you know
4. Organize monitoring groups in your neighborhood and in your workplace.
Bomb Threat Prevention

In order to reduce the potential placement of an explosive or incendiary device, you must tighten
physical security.
Bomb Prevention
 During the inspections of the building, particular attention should be given to the
potential concealment areas.
 Establish and enforce strict procedures for the control and inspection of packages and
materials going into critical areas.
 Instruct all security and maintenance personnel to increase surveillance throughout the
building.
DILG-PNP Public safety Advisory
How to spot terrorists
 Terrorists may disguise themselves as street vendors, tourist, repair or deliverymen,
photographers or even demonstrators, and try to blend into the background of the area.
 They may be observed chasing their targets, sometimes taking video footages or
photographs of crucial infrastructure, installations, and public establishments.
 Be wary of persons buying large amounts of fertilizers or other chemicals that could be
used to make bombs.
 People with recent chemical burns or missing fingers-injuries which can occur when
making or test blasting improvised explosives.
 Observe behaviors that appears to be preparation for terrorist act, such as mapping out
routes, playing out scenarios with other people, monitoring key facilities/events, timing
traffic lights or traffic flow, or other suspicious activities.
Forms of Mass Actions
 Strike – any temporary stoppage of work by the concerned action of employees
as a result of an industrial dispute.
 Demonstration – an expression of public feeling for or against something through
peaceful meetings, marches and others
 Boycott – combination formed for the purpose for or against the market of an
individual or group of individuals.
 Picketing – marching to and from the premises of an establishment involved in a
dispute generally accompanied by the carrying and display of a sign or placard or
banner bearing statements in connection with the dispute.
Social Integration, Disintegration and Disorganization

Social Stability and Integration
A successful society is one which constitutes a relatively stable system of coordinated
activities among the members and which achieves a satisfactory adaptation to the physical
environment (Agpaoa, 1997)
People conform to the standards of the society where they belong so that the society
achieves stability and allegiance among members.
Learning Exercise
Reflective essay. Write an essay about mass actions and reflect on their influence in solving
conflicts and problems among people, society or in the organization. Support your statements
by citing some related articles or researches.
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NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

ALEXANDER MANGOBA JR.

REVISED IRR OF NSTP ACT OF 2001 (RA 9163)

Rule 1 -- Guiding Principle

Program Component refers to the service components of NSTP as defined herein.

Class Enrollment – refers to a system of enrollment where a student is officially enrolled in an

Non-Government Organization (NGO) – refers to any private organization duly accredited by

Student Cadet – refers to a student enrolled in the ROTC component.

Rule III – Program Implementation

1. Students who finished or completed baccalaureate degree or two0year technical-

3. Foreign students or aliens.

e. Private Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) and technical-vocational education

Section 5 – Program Components

Section 6 – Duration and Equivalent Course Unit

Section 7 – Clustering and Cross Enrollment

Section 8 – Monitoring and Evaluation

Rule IV – Fees and Incentives

Section 10 – Incentives, Insurance and Protection

 A special Scholarship Program for qualified NSTP Students shall be administered by

Insurance and Protection

ORGANIZATION OF NSTP GRADUATES

Rule VI – Miscellaneous Provisions

Section 12. Certificate of Completion

Section 13. Information Dissemination

Section 14. Amendatory Clause

Section 16. Effectivity

II. ONE SUMMER PROGRAM (OSP)

In compliance there-to NSTP-OSP shall establish the three (3) components:

Three Major Service Command of the AFP

4. CLUSTERING and CROSS-ENROLLMENT:

Describe good citizenship and its

1. Explain the rights and duties of every Filipino citizen.

Declaration of Principles and state Policies

11. Republic act no. 8491

Section 3. Definition of terms – whenever used in this Act, the term:

The Flag Code

9. The Pledge of Allegiance

The National Motto

Republic Act 9418

Registration- refers to the process by which volunteers/and or volunteer organizations are

Role and Modalities of Volunteerism in the Private sector

Roles and Modalities of Volunteerism by Foreign Volunteer Organization-

The Good Citizenship Values

 Faith in the Almighty God

(PREVENTION AND CONTROL)

WHAT IS DRUG DEPENDENCY?

Drug Abuse: By the Numbers

Commonly Abused Substances:

MOST COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS AND THEIR EFFECTS

Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)

Street names: shabs, ice, meth, crystal, kristal, basura, tawas

Other adverse effects of methamphetamine:

Street names: weed, jutes, pot, grass, damo, chongke

Health problems that come with the use of marijuana include:

• Problems with memory and learning

Harmful irreversible effects of inhalants include:

HOW CAN YOU TELL IF A PERSON IS ON DRUGS?

These are several effects of drugs: