ST.

LAWRENCE SCHOOL
P.D NAGAR , UNNAO
• NAME – SUJAL GUPTA
• CLASS – 9TH A
• ROLL NO. – 39
• SUBJECT – GEOGRAPHY
• DIRECTED BY – MRS. ARCHANA
TRIVEDI
• SESSION – 2020-21
 INTRODUCTION
Project work is given to enhance the working of
the brain of students and to gain information. It
also enhances the coordination of our limbs with
our sense organs.
In this project , we are going to learn and write
about ~ POLLUTION : ITS EFFECTS AND
PREVENTIVE MEASURES .
I hope you will enjoy by going through this
project.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I SUJAL GUPTA of class IX- A find myself very fortunate for getting an
opportunity towards this project.I would like to express my deep gratitude
and sincere thanks to our principal REV.FATHER LANCY REGO for his
effort and all the facilities that is provided for this project work. I sincerely
appreciate my subject teacher MRS.ARCHANA TRIVEDI to guide me to
the successful completion of this project. I can’t forget to offer my sincere
thanks to my PARENTS , SIBLINGS and also to my CLASSMATES who
helped me to carry out this project successfully and for their valuable
advice and support , which I have received time-to-time. Their suggestions
granted luxurious and distinct design to my project.
 INDEX

• WHAT IS POLLUTION?
• TYPES OF POLLUTION: AIR , WATER , SOIL AND
NOISE
• EFFECTS OF POLLUTION
• PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• WHAT IS POLLUTION?
The pollution is the contamination of Earth’s environment that
contaminates and interferes with human health and ecosystem functioning.
Material that pollutes the environment is called pollutant. The
biodegradable pollutants are materials like sewage, etc. The non-
biodegradable pollutants are like DDT, plastics , radioactive waste ,etc.

• THERE ARE MAINLY FOUR TYPES OF POLLUTIONS:

1. Air pollution
2. Water pollution
3. Soil pollution
4. Noise pollution
• AIR POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS:
Air Pollution is the addition of harmful substances in air that causes severe
damage to the environment , human health and quality of life. It is caused
by Industries , Auto-Vehicles , by burning of garbage , etc.
The major effects of air pollution are:
• HUMAN HEALTH: The human health is adversely affected with air
pollution. Numerous diseases are caused by man’s exposure to polluted
air. Asthama , Bronchitis , Emphysema and lung cancer are main diseases
associated with the air pollution. These diseases may take several years to
cure and in some cases the affected person can even die. The most serious
pollutant is the Sulphur dioxide. Its concentration in human body causes
cough , breathlessness and spasm of larynx. It also causes irritation in
eyes.
• PLANTS AND ANIMALS: All plants and animals need air to live ,
therefore , they are not spared from the ill effects of air pollution. The
metallic contaminants like arsenic and lead are chief pollutants for the
plants. For animals , the chief pollutant is fluoride that causes fluorosis.
A number of livestock have being poisoned by fluorides and arsenic.
Bones of animals having affected due to fluorides. Fluoride also interface
with photosynthesis and respiration of plants. Smog is also harmful to
plants.
• ACID RAIN:Acid rain is a corrosive type of air pollution which occurs
when oxides of Sulphur and nitrogen combine with the moisture of
atmosphere. The Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released by the
burning of fossil fuels like coal , petroleum and natural gas. It leads to the
formation of sulphuric and nitric acids. The acid pollutants return to the
ground bye by way of rain , snow , fog and as invisible “dry” forms.
When it reaches earth , it can damage soil fertility , plant life , etc. Acid
rain severely damages the various ecosystems in many parts of the world.
• GREENHOUSE EFFECT: Water vapours , carbon dioxide , methane and
nitrous oxide act as a blanket and trap the heat radiating from Earth.
This is known as Greenhouse effect. Increasing of temperature melts
the large portions of ice caps and several glaciers. It is estimated that
large amount of water may be released into sea in the near future and
the sea level would rise by 1 metre. The coastal areas and numerous
islands would submerge in water. The greenhouse effect is capable of
changing the climate of the entire globe.
• WATER POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS:
The contamination of water bodies like rivers , lakes ,seas , etc. is called
water pollution. Water pollution is the result of several human activities.
Rapid growth of population , urbanization and industrialization and the
increasing use of chemicals result in water pollution. It is caused by
Industries , Domestic sewage , etc.
• The major effects of water pollution are:
• EFFECTS ON MAN : Man is the foremost victim of polluted water. In
fact it is man who is responsible for the pollution of water. Polluted water
spread several diseases like cholera , diarrhoea , hepatitis , polio , typhoid ,
dysentery , jaundice , etc. These diseases are caused by microorganisms and
parasites which are brought by the sewage and other forms of polluted
water. Most of the waterborne diseases specially cholera result in massive
depletion of water. Deaths by Cholera are still common in developed
countries.
• EFFECT OF OIL: Oil spill is the worst kind of water pollution. Oil spill
takes place in case of accidents of ships , sinking of oil tanker , leaking of
pipelines , etc. Most notably oil spills from oil tankers and pipelines. The
biggest problem of oill spill is that the oil can neither be mixed nor
removed. It can be treated with chemicals but those chemicals are equally
harmful for marine life. The oil spreads immediately on the water surface
and blocks the sunlight. It reduces amount of oxygen in water resulting
into the death of marine organisms. So , chemical treatment gives
destruction to Marine Life.
• SOIL POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS:
• Soil pollution refers to the building up of toxic chemical compounds , salts , radioactive material
and disease causing organisms i.e. pathogens. All these pollutants affect the plant and animal
life. It is caused by chemical fertilizers , insecticides and pesticides , biomedical waste , etc.
• THE MAJOR EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION ARE:
• During the course of farming the soil is treated with various fertilizers , pesticides , insecticides
, fungicides , etc. which disturb the natural processes taking place in the soil. The fertility of soil
is reduced and soil becomes dependent on fertilizers. Application of fertilizers also brings
chemical changes in soil which disturbs the life in soil. Nitrates are generally used as fertilizers
but their prolonged application may be dangerous for soil organisms and can cause fatal
diseases in soil like meningitis.
• The use of insecticides and pesticides no doubt kills the unwanted pests but also affects the
beneficial organisms in soil . Most of the insecticides remain active for years and tend to
accumulate in soil which are absorbed up by plants. They reach the body of human beings when
they consume these plants. This is called BIOMAGNIFICATION.
• NOISE POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECTS:
• Noise pollution is the annoying and stressful sound that is capable of
damaging the ears. It is the result of numerous sources. Like-Fast running
trains cause noise pollution along the rail tracks , taking off and landing of
aeroplane causes unbearable noise pollution.
• THE MAJOR EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION ARE:
• Its impact is very severe on humans. Any sound that is louder than the
normal level of talking can damage the delicate ear cells in the inner ear.
• These cells convert the sound waves into auditory nerve signals. Initially ,
the damage can be temporary but constant exposure to such sound levels
can damage the cells permanently that causes deafness.
• If high sound levels do not cause deafness , it may lead to a disease called
tinnitus which causes ringing in ears.
• PEREVENTIVE MEASURES:
• Conserve energy – at home, at work, everywhere.
• Look for the ENERGY STAR label when buying
home or office equipment.
• Carpool, use public transportation, cycle, or walk
whenever possible.
• Avoid using a garbage disposal. Keep solid wastes
solid. Make a compost pile from vegetable scraps.
• Install a water efficient toilet. In the meantime, put
a brick or 1/2 gal container in the standard toilet
tank to reduce water use per flush.
• Run the dishwasher or clothes washer only when
you have a full load. This conserves electricity and
water.
• NO SMOKING ZONES:
1. Most people in the world are non-smokers
and have a right not to be exposed to other
people’s smoke.
2. 100% SFZs help prevent people-especially
the young-from starting to smoke.
3. These provide the many smokers who want
to quit with a strong incentive to cut down
or stop amoking altogether.
• Airports must be away from residential area
• Transferer treatment and remediation costs
to polluting companies.
• Use Noise absorbents in noisy machineries.
• And at the last , GO GREEN BY PLANTING
TREES.
 CONCLUSION

After completing this project , I thank myself to be privileged

to get an opportunity to complete the project on the given
topic which proved to be very interesting to me. It was an
immense pleasure for me to work on this project. It has
enriched my knowledge which has proved useful and faithful.
I hope you must be enjoyed going through this project and
your words have appreciated my sincere efforts.
Your suggestions are most welcome for further improvement.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following books and websites have been
referred during project development:
Text book(s): DISCOVERING THE WORLD
BY K.S RANDHAWA
Websites : http://google.com
http://wallpaperflare.com

THANK YOU FOR WATCHING….😇😇