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    My Copy Cell Organelle Ws 1

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    The document summarizes key components and structures found inside cells. It explains that all cells contain ribosomes, DNA/RNA, and a cell membrane. It notes that as cell size increases, volume increases more than surface area, making diffusion and chemical reactions more efficient in smaller cells. The document distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting that eukaryotes have organelles beyond ribosomes, DNA and the cell membrane, as well as more complex protein synthesis and DNA organization with chromosomes.

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    My Copy Cell Organelle Ws 1

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    150 views4 pages
    The document summarizes key components and structures found inside cells. It explains that all cells contain ribosomes, DNA/RNA, and a cell membrane. It notes that as cell size increases, volume increases more than surface area, making diffusion and chemical reactions more efficient in smaller cells. The document distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting that eukaryotes have organelles beyond ribosomes, DNA and the cell membrane, as well as more complex protein synthesis and DNA organization with chromosomes.

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    my copy cell organelle ws 1

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    The document summarizes key components and structures found inside cells. It explains that all cells contain ribosomes, DNA/RNA, and a cell membrane. It notes that as cell size increases, volume increases more than surface area, making diffusion and chemical reactions more efficient in smaller cells. The document distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting that eukaryotes have organelles beyond ribosomes, DNA and the cell membrane, as well as more complex protein synthesis and DNA organization with chromosomes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    150 views4 pages

    My Copy Cell Organelle Ws 1

    Uploaded by

    api-521781723
    The document summarizes key components and structures found inside cells. It explains that all cells contain ribosomes, DNA/RNA, and a cell membrane. It notes that as cell size increases, volume increases more than surface area, making diffusion and chemical reactions more efficient in smaller cells. The document distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, noting that eukaryotes have organelles beyond ribosomes, DNA and the cell membrane, as well as more complex protein synthesis and DNA organization with chromosomes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Inside A Cell

    What do all cells have?


    Ribosomes
    DNA/RNA
    Cell Membrane
    Size: As cells size increases, they increase more in volume than area. Cells are small because it leaves more cell
    membrane available for diffusion, which makes chemical reactions occur faster, so cell is more efficient.
    Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote?
    Eukaryotic
    cells have individual
    organelles other than
    ribosomes, DNA, and
    cell membrane and
    more genetic
    diversity, because
    genes can more easily
    be turned on and off.
    They also have
    different steps in
    synthesizing proteins,
    prokaryotic is much
    more simple.
    Eukaryotic cells
    organize their DNA with chromosomes, and tend to have more DNA.

    Click on https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/insideacell/

    Organelle Role of the organelle Plant or Animal Prokaryote or


    Eukaryote
    Lysosome and -useless proteins are taken to lysosome to be both Eukaryotic
    Vesicles degraded. –Motor protein’s carry vesicles along
    microtubules to their destination.
    Mitochondria Once free living –components include: DNA, both eukaryotic
    membrane, ribosomes. Cellular respiration-
    powerhouse of cell
    Cytoskeleton -serves as a road for motor protiens carrying both both
    vesicles, gives the cell structure and helps organize
    events of cell division.
    Golgi Apparatus -vesicles with proteins/other macromolecules fuse both eukaryotic
    with Golgi membrane and are tagged with specific
    labels for transport proteins to deliver.
    Nucleus -stores the cell’s DNA blueprint, keeping it from Both Eukaryote
    contact with the activity of cytoplasm or
    interference.
    Endoplasmic -ribosomes attach to the rough ER where RNA is Both Eukaryote
    Reticulum translated. Smooth ER stores enzymes and
    chemical reactions occur here. Protein’s and fats go
    from the ER to the Golgi through vesicles.
    Cell Wall Protects Plant from injury and structural support Plant Eukaryotes

    Chloroplast Once free living –components include: Plants, Algae, Some Eukaryotes
    DNA/Membrane/Ribosomes Protista
    Photosynthesis creates sugar
    Vacuole -stores nutrients, breaking down waste, help cell both eukaryote
    grow, and providing pressure needed for plant
    growth. In animal cells vacuoles are much smaller
    and store food/nutreints.
    Cell membrane -semi-permeable lipid membrane which allows for both both
    small molecules to pass through easily and large
    molecules to need transport protein’s.
    Nucleolus Helps assemble ribosomes and modify tRNA both eukaryote

    DNA Stores genetic information—“blueprint” both both

    Click on “Directing Traffic: How Vesicles Transport Cargo”


    A vesicle forms when the membrane bulges out and pinches off. It travels to its destination then merges with another
    membrane to release its cargo. In this way proteins and other large molecules are transported without ever having to cross
    a membrane.
    Watch the video --- “how vesicles travel cellular highways”. Complete the following.
    Busy cells are often filled with thousands of traveling vesicles. To help organize these vesicles and get them pointed in the
    right direction, the cell uses the rigid filaments and tubes of the cytoskeleton. Special motor protein’s attach to cargo-filled
    vesicles and carry them along the cytoskeleton like trucks on a highway.
    Motor proteins attach to vesicles and walk along a microtubule of the cytoskeleton. Dyneins walk toward the microtubule
    organizing center (MTOC, or centrosome) and kinesins walk away from the MTOC.

    What is the real-time video showing? Vesicles that carry green fluorescent protein and travelling along
    the 3 neurons of the fruit fly embryo.

    Click on “Membranes Organize Cellular Complexity”

    Why are membranes so important for a cell?

    They organize proteins and other molecules allowing to work in a much more efficient manner. Lysosome for example

    holds in enzymes that would destroy other needed proteins if there was no membrane.
    Membrane protein’s that contact the spaces on both sides of the membrane the gate-keepers of cellular compartments.

    Each type of compartments has a specific population of membrane proteins that largely define its function. On average,

    proteins make up about half the mass of membranes.

    The nuclear pore complex (see scanning electron micrographs at right) is a unique protein structure that controls traffic
    flow in and out of the nucleus.

    Draw the “Nuclear pore complexes on the nuclear membranes of frog oocytes” from cytoplasm(left) from nucleus(right)

    Making Proteins

    Making, modifying, and delivering proteins to the right location is crucial for cells. Eukaryotic cells in
    particular have what we call the endomembrane system for coordinating these activities. Make a flow chart to
    discuss what structures are involved in making the following types of proteins.

    free ribosome pathway – for making proteins destined to be free floating in the cytoplasm

    DNA from nucleus

    Transcribed into mRNA

    Travels out of the nucleus membrane

    Attaches to an RNA molecule

    Translated into a free cytoplasmic protien

    bound ribosome pathway – for making proteins destined to be or


    _________________________
    DNA from nucleus.

    Transcribed into mRNA.

    Travels out of nucleus membrane.

    Attaches to an ribosome since it has a “tag”

    Ribosome travels to the rough ER.

    Protein is translated by ribosome and stored/modified a bit in the ER.


    Vesicle with protein forms off of the ER and travels to the Golgi

    In the Golgi the proteins are modified and “tagged”

    Proteins are sent out into the cell membrane or other cells.

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