Archie 1
Archie 1
Archie 1
INTRODUCTION
Research Rationale
Human resource is considered to be the most valuable asset and the blood of
any organization. It should be utilized to the maximum extent in order to achieve
individual and organizational goals. It is the employees’ performance which ultimately
decides the attainment of goals. The employee's performance is to a large extent
influenced by motivation and satisfaction. In the world specially at these times wherein
there is an easy access to internet, tapping through all information almost without
boundaries, people can now clearly see, discover and hear for themselves having that
chance to compare what they are currently working at, the scope of work, exposure,
salary and benefits versus what the outside world may be able to offer. This new
globalization and reality need to be understood by employers and supervisors to
develop and maintain a right workforce for the entity's effectiveness.
Happy employees tend to be more motivated and satisfied in the job (Beck,
1983). This enables them to perform at their highest potential at work. A motivated
workforce means a highly productive staffs. Motivation as a human psychological
characteristic adds to a person's degree of commitment and affects both the acquisition
of people's skills and abilities; to the extent to which they utilize these capacities.
According to Spector (2003), there were two types of motivation. The first one motivates
a person in the direction of a type of behavior among all other behaviors and the second
one is that the individual achieves motivation with the strong desire to achieve a certain
goal which is derived from personal needs. It is then expanded to variables including
relationship between colleagues and supervisors, achievements, realization of rewards
among other related variables. In relation, job satisfaction is how one feels about one's
job. An employee who expresses satisfaction is said to have a positive attitude toward
the job. It includes a few distinct variables for example, satisfaction with pay,
advancement opportunity, incidental advantages, job security and the significance of the
jobs. These may impact significantly on their personal, social work lives and as such
also influence their behavior at work. According to the results of a research study by
Murhadi (2013) focusing on the employees of a private company (IBM), motivation
factors correlate with satisfaction distributed to various demographic variables.
Like other developing country, Philippines, is not far from embracing the reality
that a good and effective workforce is crucial for an entity or a firm. Consisting of
businesses, organizations and institutions, employees should be utilized but being a
developing country, the educational institutions also play a vital role in the country's
progress. Thus, teachers and staffs are the life blood of the country's daily educational
operations. This needs to be realized in local regions of this nation. Are teachers
motivated and satisfied in their jobs? Employee motivation is regarded as instinctive
force that was molded by a set of personal and workplace characteristics that drive the
particular need and motivation of the workers.
The Department of Education in the national and provinces also share the same
mandate that is to serve the teachers with efficiency. But how are they motivated to do
their respective jobs? It is definitely reliant on the level of satisfaction.
Just like other districts within Southern Leyte, the district of Macrohon also has
teachers that longs for motivation and job satisfaction since some employees may share
the same problem of being less motivated and satisfied. This study then focuses on
assessing the level of satisfaction of the teachers in our locality, Macrohon District
specifically in Villa Jacinta National Vocational High School. This is to identify the
association between the employee motivation and job satisfaction through the use of
statistical measurements extended to varying demographics and review related theories
and studies. This study will also assess on the level of motivation and satisfaction of
employees that whereby will be basis for further related researches. This would also
help employers of any organization and related beneficiaries to be aware of motivation
and satisfaction as vital factors for a better performance at work and efficient
organizational productivity. There are no previous studies on the assessment of the
teachers’ motivation and satisfaction in the research locale. Hence, this study was
conducted.
This study aims to assess the correlation between employee job satisfaction and
employee motivation. This will be conducted among the teachers in Villa Jacinta
National Vocational High School during the months of July to September, 2019. The
result of this study will help the head of schools to consider motivation and satisfaction
as crucial factors in the educational institutions.
Specifically, this study aims to answer the following sub problems and hypothesis:
1.1 age;
1.2 sex;
3.2 synergy
Statement of Hypothesis
The output of this study would aid school heads to value employee motivation
and satisfaction as forces that would enhance the performance of teachers with respect
to their assigned tasks. This would also serve as basis to help higher personnel of the
Department of Education to be resolute in the gathering of information and raising their
consciousness on how to satisfy teachers to exert their best efforts. Heads of school or
heads of educational institutions would be aided in the way that through this study, they
would learn about their roles on how to enhance the performances of the teachers. This
would give them insights that motivation and satisfaction as related subjects in
employees' performance are essential to achieve a good institutional goal and develop
a good institutional culture. Teachers on the other hand would benefit from this study by
acquiring information about self-motivating factors that would affect their satisfaction
toward their works at school.
This study contained literatures that were interrelated with respect to motivation
and satisfaction of employees. The examined literatures and the output of this study
would serve as basis for further related studies.
Scope and Delimitations
This study would determine the association between employee job satisfaction
and employee motivation of teachers in Villa Jacinta National Vocational High School.
This was conducted within the months of July to September, 2019. The primary data
gathering instrument used was the distribution of researcher-made questionnaire-
checklists.
The findings from this study would be taken from 35 sample respondents. The
number of respondents was limited due to the time constraint of the teachers.
The result of this study was derived from the views and perspectives of the
respondents with regard to salary and benefits, relationship with the head of school and
colleagues, freedom at work, job security, synergy and the work in overall that they tend
to specify.
This study therefore cannot be generalized to reflect the level of satisfaction and
motivation of all teachers in other schools due to the differences in the individual
preferences or expectations.
Definition of Terms
• Age
This is a demographic variable that is used in the study which refers to the length
of time the teachers existed. This may affect their level of motivation and satisfaction.
• Correlation
This refers to the relationship or association of two variables in the study:
motivation and satisfaction.
• Co-teachers
This refers to the other teachers who worked in the same school.
• Educational level
This is a demographic variable that is used in the study which refers to the
educational attainment of the teacher that would possibly affect his or her level of
motivation and satisfaction.
• Length of service
This is a demographic variable used in the study that refers to how long the
teacher is working in the job.
• Motivation
This is a main variable of the study which refers to the internal force that drives
an employee (teacher) to a decision of taking action for the job assignment.
• Questionnaire-checklist
This refers to the instrument being used in the study as the data gathering
method.
• Satisfaction
This is a main variable of the study that refers to the assessment of the teacher
toward his or her job influenced by various satisfaction factors.
• Sex
This is a demographic variable of the study that refers to the attribute of the teacher on
whether male or female that may affect their level of motivation and satisfaction.
• Synergy
This is a sub-variable under motivation which refers to the foundation of the
teacher's relationship to the Principal and his or her colleagues.
• Teachers
This refers to the employees at school and the respondents of the study being
conducted.
Demographic Variables
• Age • Educational Level
• Sex • Years of Service
Output:
• Improved work performance
• Better relationship with the Head of
School
• Better relationship with co-employees
• Attainment of targeted workplace goals
The major variables of this study are motivation and satisfaction distributed to the
selected demographic variables.
Chapter 2
On Motivation
Robbins et al. (2007) defined motivation as the willingness to exert high levels of
effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some
individual need. Ebert and Griffin (2015) defined motivation as the set of forces that
cause people to behave in certain ways, hence motivation pushes people to act and
achieve. Motivation is an inner state that energizes, activates or moves and that directs
or channels behavior towards goals (Berelson & Steiner, 2014). However, managing
people is a difficult task, as everyone is different, and there is no universal recipe on
how to motivate an individual and increase productiveness at work. As it was noted by
Joshi (2013), what motivates one individual, does not necessarily motivate another.
Moreover, no individual can motivate others to do something, he can only create
favorable conditions for others to get self-motivated (Taylor, 2007). Showing employees
that you care about them creates a more pleasant atmosphere at a workplace and it
does not necessarily have to involve huge gestures, it is the attitude that counts. Small
things such as providing coffee and tea at everyone’s disposal matter a lot and do not
require a huge effort nor investment. Motivation, in brief, is not the simple result of
anything that a supervisor (or anyone else) does to other people (Gellerman, 2008). For
an organization to exist, there is assumed to be a goal or purpose that is sufficiently
wanted or needed to generate or motivate human energy in its achievement (Mee,
2013). From the point of view of a manager, a motivated person works hard, sustains a
pace of hard work, and has self-directed behavior toward important goals.
On Work
Work motivates an employee (Balarieve 2015). Work itself is being able to apply
various skills during the working process; opportunities to gain skills and knowledge;
having a job that is not mundane, but appealing and inspiring – all this is commonly
known to help an individual stay motivated and devoted to a workplace (Serrie 2014).
Managers and employees have the responsibility to make sure that the work place can
be the best that it can be. It has been explained what the managers can do to make
sure that employees are happy and motivated, but employees also have a responsibility
to make sure that they accepting the motivation from within. Employees need to open
themselves up to the examples of communication, coaching, challenging, and
recognition (Baldoni, 2009). A work place environment is more likely to succeed if all
parties are willing to participate. Work also is connected with security.
On Synergy
Another motivation factor is synergy. There were many researches usually
focused on the relationship between job satisfaction with self-autonomy, promotion or
incentive system or other external factors. However some of the studies also found that
the social factors such like the relationship with customer, colleague or management
and surrounding environment also played an important role towards job satisfactions.
More frequent communication with other people would have stronger effect on job
satisfaction. Employees might not get satisfaction through working autonomy, promotion
or other external factors, but through the good social relationship and interaction with
surrounding people, the satisfaction level might recover. Social support not only
predicted satisfaction beyond the task and knowledge characteristics, but it was also
unrelated to training and compensation requirements, so it is kind of a no-cost
improvement (Meyers, 2007). Jex (2012) indicated that when an individual works with
team, a positive attitude towards their job would be generated, especially when his or
her work was satisfied by surrounding people, the job satisfaction level would be raised.
But once the job has been denied by team members, the job satisfaction level would be
dropped. Thus a company needed to train its employees to face the social situation
positively.
On Job Satisfaction
Job satisfaction on the other hand can be defined as the overall effect that one
person has towards his job (Arnold and Feldman, 2006) or was a summary of employee
attitudes towards a multi-faceted job (Veck, 2013). Sempane, Rieger and Roodt (2007)
describes job satisfaction as a relation on one person's own assessment on his job
against the matters and concerns that matter to them, and these sentiments and
emotions involved will considerably have an influence on the person's work attitude. Job
satisfaction is a worker's sense of achievement and success on the job. It is generally
perceived to be directly linked to productivity as well as to personal well-being. Job
satisfaction implies doing a job one enjoys, doing it well and being rewarded for one's
efforts. Job satisfaction further implies enthusiasm and happiness with one's work. Job
satisfaction is the key ingredient that leads to recognition, income, promotion, and the
achievement of other goals that lead to a feeling of fulfillment (Kallski, 2007). It refers to
the attituted and feelings people have about their work. Positive and favorable attitudes
towards the job indicate job satisfaction. Negative and unfavorable attitudes towards the
job dissatisfaction (Armstrong, 2006). It is also the collection of feeling and beliefs that
people have about their current job. People's levels of degree of job satisfaction can
range from extreme satisfaction to extreme dissatisfaction. In addition to having
attitudes about their jobs as a whole. People also can have attitudes about various
aspects of their jobs such as the kind of work they do, their coworkers, supervisors or
subordinates and their pay (George et al, 2008).
It is also important to recognize the employees. There are many different ways to
conduct effective recognition. The most basic way is to give a verbal compliment to the
employee. This could be an acknowledgement of job well done or a particular action
that the employee did that benefited the organization. The compliment could be done in
public or in private.
On Age
The majority of studies on the relationship of age and job satisfaction have found
some association between employee age and job satisfaction (Herzberg et al., 2007;
Clark et al., 2009). Job satisfaction is U-shaped in age, with higher levels of morale
among young workers but that this declines after the novelty of employment wears off
and boredom with the job sets in. Satisfaction rises again in later life as workers
become accustomed to their role. In contrast, other studies report a linear positive
relationship based on age (Lee and Wilber, 2006).
On Sex
Ajala (2014) posit that sex may affect work role and job satisfaction such that
women and men have different perceptions and expectations toward work.
On Educational Level
Also, education increases job satisfaction. The provision of training will foster an
increase in professionalism and further exploitation of management methods, whereas
a lack of training can cause frustration and lack of job satisfaction (Wright and Davis,
2013). Well-trained individuals know the scope expectations and dept of their jobs and
will be able to add building blocks to their professionalism as they progress through their
careers (Priti, 2009).
On Length of Service
Regarding length of service, the underlying assumption appears to be that
dissatisfied workers resign while satisfied ones stay with the organization (Oshagbemi
2005). Other explanations are that workers tend to adjust their work values to the
conditions of the workplace, resulting in greater job satisfaction (Baldamus 2007), or
that workers who experience little responsibility, interest, recognition or achievement are
more likely to experience dissatisfaction and leave the organization (Savery, 2006).
Workers with longer service may experience higher satisfaction because they have
found a job that matches their needs (Clark et al., 2016), or find opportunities for
promotion which might lead to higher job satisfaction (Kalleberg and Mastekaasa,
2011). However, longer tenure in a job may result in boredom and lower levels of
satisfaction (Clark et al., 2006).
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The research design employed for this study was quantitative, correlation
and descriptive. It was used to measure how employee motivation correlates with
employee job satisfaction. It was quantitative since it involved collection, analysis and
interpretation of numerical data. Correlation refers to the association between variables:
motivation and satisfaction. Descriptive is used to describe the demographic profile of
the respondents such as age, gender, educational level and length of service.
Research Respondents
Villa Jacinta National Vocational High School was chosen as the setting of the
study. A sample of 35 teachers was selected to be the respondents of the study from
the Junior High School and Senior High School Department. The number of
respondents were distributed among selected demographic variables as follows:
Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents
Department Number of
Sample
Junior High School 20
Senior High School 15
Research Locale
Figure 2
Concerning with the employees' level of motivation and satisfaction as factors for
a good and quality education, Villa Jacinta National Vocational High School is chosen
as the setting of this research study.
The school campus is located approximately 30 meters from the national road of
Lower Villa Jacinta, Macrohon, Southern Leyte. It is vast that it covered a total land area
of 8 hectares.
Research Instrument
WM=
∑ fw
n
Where: f – frequency
w – weighted score
n – sample size
CHI-SQUARE (X2)/FISHER’S :
k
X2
o e
i i
2
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Research Study on the Correlation Between Employee Job Satisfaction and Employee
Motivation
You are one of the chosen respondent of the study which focuses on the correlation between employee
job satisfaction and employee motivation of teachers. We humbly ask that you will provide the answers
and information stipulated on the checklist as honest as possible and rest assured that pertinent
information will be treated with utmost confidentiality. Thank you very much.
We, the Technical Vocationl and Livelihood (TVL) Grade 12 Automotive students of Villa
Jacinta National Vocational High School are currently conducting a research entitled
"Correlation Between Employee Job Satisfaction and Employee Motivation," as
requirement for the Practical Research 102 subject under the advisory of Mr. Dennis
Bernades.
In line with this, we have chosen Villa Jacinta National Vocational High School as our
research domain and teachers will be randomly selected as our respondents. Hence,
we humbly ask for your permission that questionnaire-checklists will be distributed to
them. Rest assured that pertinent information will be treated with utmost confidentiality
and anonymity. The result of this study will be given to you should you deem.
We hope for your consideration on this matter, and that it will be highly appreciated.
Thank you and God bless.
Respectfully yours,
Archie C. Cerro
Research Group Leader
We, the Technical Vocationl and Livelihood (TVL) Grade 12 Automotive students of Villa
Jacinta National Vocational High School are currently conducting a research entitled
"Correlation Between Employee Job Satisfaction and Employee Motivation," as
requirement for the Practical Research 102 subject under the advisory of Mr. Dennis
Bernades.
In line with this, we have chosen Villa Jacinta National Vocational High School as our
research domain and teachers will be randomly selected as our respondents. Hence,
we humbly ask for your permission that questionnaire-checklists will be distributed to
them. Rest assured that pertinent information will be treated with utmost confidentiality
and anonymity. The result of this study will be given to you should you deem.
We hope for your consideration on this matter, and that it will be highly appreciated.
Thank you and God bless.
Respectfully yours,
Archie C. Cerro
Research Group Leader