Part 311

Arab Republic of Egypt ECAR Part 311
Ministry of Civil Aviation
Part 311
Aeronautical
charts
Issue 6, Rev. 0 Dated Jan., 2018 Page 1
ECAR Part 311 Arab Republic of Egypt
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM TITLE
SUBPART A: General
311.1 Applicability
311.3 Definitions
311.5 Application for certification
311.7 Issuance of certificate
311.9 Privileges of certificate
311.11 Duration of certificate
311.13 Renewal of certificate
311.14 ECAA Inspection Authority
311.15 Enforcement issues
311.17 Withdrawal or change in level of service
311.19 Provisional approval
311.21 Transfer of service
311.23 Display of certificate
311.25 Register of certificates
311.27 Availability
311.29 Approval Critera for PANS OPS
311.31 Validation of Instrument Flight Procedures
311.33 - 311.49 Reserved
SUBPART B: Certification Requirements
311.51 Personnel requirements
311.53 Collection of information
311.55 Preparation of aeronautical chart
311.57 Correction in published information
311.59 Files
311.61 Safety and quality management system
311.63 Security
311.65 Coordination
311.67 Training
311.68 Training record
311.69 Operations manuals
311.71 Contingency plan
311.73 RE – qualification requirements
311.75 - 311.99 Reserved
SUBPART C: Operating Requirements
311.101 Operational requirements for charts
311.103 Titles
311.105 Miscellaneous information
311.107 Symbols
311.109 Units of measurement
311.111 Scale and projection
311.113 Date of validity of aeronautical information
Page 2 Dated Jan., 2018 Issue 6, Rev. 0

ITEM TITLE
311.115 Spelling of geographical names
311.117 Abbreviations
311.119 Political boundaries
311.121 Relief
311.123 Prohibited, restricted and danger areas
311.125 Air traffic services airspaces
311.127 Magnetic variation
311.129 Aeronautical data
311.131 World Geodetic System — 1984 (WGS-84)
311.133 Aerodrome obstacle chart — ICAO type A (operating limitations)
311.135 En route chart — ICAO
311.137 Standard departure chart — instrument (SID) — ICAO

311.141 Instrument approach chart — ICAO
311.143 Aerodrome /heliport chart — ICAO
311.145 Aircraft parking/docking chart — ICAO
311.147 Operational requirements for aerodrome data
311.149 Obstacle restriction and removal
311.151 Obstacle limitation requirements
311.153 Non-precision approach runways
311.155 Dimensions and slopes of obstacle limitation surfaces -Approach
311.157 runways
Precision approach terrain chart – ICAO
311.159 Establishing instrument approach procedures (conventional)
311.161 Establishing RNAV procedures
311.163 Control zones
311.165 Establishing VOR and NDB routes
311.167 Establishing RNAV /RNP routes
311.169 WORLD AERONAUTICAL CHART — ICAO 1:1 000 000
Appendix 1: Marginal Note Layout
Appendix 2: ICAO Chart Symbols
Appendix 3: Aeronautical Charts ِ
Appendix 4: Hypsometric Tint Guide
Appendix 5: Operating Requirements
Appendix 6: Aeronautical Data Quality Requirements

Subpart A
General
311.1 Applicability
(a) This part prescribes rules governing:
(1) The certification and operation of organizations providing an aeronautical charts
design and production in Egypt; and
(2) The operating and technical standards for the provision of aeronautical charts design
and production.
(b) These Rules were developed using:
(1) ICAO Document 8168 (PANS– OPS) as the base document, ICAO DOC .9368
(2) (Instrument flight procedures construction manual) and ICAO DOC. 9371
(3) (Template manual for holding Reversal and Racetrack Procedures)
(4) ANNEX 4 (Aeronautical charts) and ICAO DOC 8697 (Aeronautical Charts Manual)
(5) ANNEX 11 (Air Traffic Services) and ICAO DOC. 9426 (Air Traffic Services
Planning Manual)
(6) ANNEX 14 (Aerodromes) and ICAO DOC. 9613
(c) All charts coming within the scope of this Part and bearing the aeronautical information
date of 1 November 2001 or later shall conform to the Standards relevant to the particular
chart.
(d) All charts produced under the standard of this Part shall be sent to ECAR Part 173
certificate holder after ECAA approval to be published in the AIP.
311.3 Definitions
When the following terms are used in the Standards and Recommended Practices for
aeronautical charts, they have the following meanings:
Aeronautical chart. A representation of a portion of the earth, its culture and relief,
specifically designated to meet the requirements of air navigation.
Airway. A control area or portion thereof established in the form of a corridor.
Area minimum altitude (AMA). The lowest altitude to be used under instrument
meteorological conditions (IMC) that will provide a minimum vertical clearance of 300 m (1
000 ft) or in designated mountainous terrain 600 m (2 000 ft) above all obstacles located in the
area specified, rounded up to the nearest (next higher) 30 m (100 ft).
Arrival routes. Routes identified in an instrument approach procedure by which aircraft may
proceed from the en-route phase of flight to an initial approach fix.
Change-over point. The point at which an aircraft navigating on an ATS route segment
defined by reference to very high frequency omni directional radio ranges is expected to
transfer its primary navigational reference from the facility behind the aircraft to the next
facility ahead of the aircraft.
Contour line. A line on a map or chart connecting points of equal elevation.
Electronic aeronautical chart display. An electronic device by which flight crews are
enabled to execute, in a convenient and timely manner, route planning, route monitoring and
navigation by displaying required information.
Final approach fix or point. That fix or point of an instrument approach procedure where the
final approach segment commences.
Final approach segment. That segment of an instrument approach procedure in which
alignment and descent for landing are accomplished.
Glide path. A descent profile determined for vertical guidance during a final approach.
Holding procedure. A predetermined maneuver which keeps an aircraft within a specified
airspace while awaiting further clearance.
Hypsometric tints. A succession of shades or color gradations used to depict ranges of
elevation.
Initial approach segment. That segment of an instrument approach procedure between the
initial approach fix and the intermediate approach fix or, where applicable, the final approach
fix or point. between either the intermediate approach fix and the final approach fix or point, or
between the end of a reversal, racetrack or dead reckoning track procedure and the final
approach fix or point, as appropriate.
Isogonal. A line on a map or chart on which all points have the same magnetic variation for
a specified epoch.

Isogriv. A line on a map or chart which joins points of equal angular difference between the
North of the navigation grid and Magnetic North.
Magnetic variation. The angular difference between True North and Magnetic North.
Metadata. Data about data (ISO 19115*).
Missed approach point (MAPt). That point in an instrument approach procedure at or before
which the prescribed missed approach procedure must be initiated in order to ensure that the
minimum obstacle clearance is not infringed.
Point light. A luminous signal appearing without perceptible length.
Precision approach procedure. An instrument approach procedure utilizing azimuth and
glide path information provided by ILS or PAR.
Procedure altitude/height. A specified altitude/height flown operationally at or above the
minimum altitude/height and established to accommodate a stabilized descent at a prescribed
descent gradient/angle in the intermediate/final approach segment.
Procedure turn. A man oeuvre in which a turn is made away from a designated track followed
by a turn in the opposite direction to permit the aircraft to intercept and proceed along the
reciprocal of the designated track.
Radar vectoring. Provision of navigational guidance to aircraft in the form of specific
headings, based on the use of radar.
Reversal procedure. A procedure designed to enable aircraft to reverse direction during the
initial approach segment of an instrument approach procedure. The sequence may include
procedure turns or base turns.
Terminal arrival altitude (TAA). The lowest altitude that will provide a minimum clearance
of 300 m (1 000 ft) above all objects located in an arc of a circle defined by a 46-km (25 NM)
radius centered on the initial approach fix (IAF), or where there is no IAF on the intermediate
approach fix (IF), delimited by straight lines joining the extremity of the arc to the IF. The
combined TAAs associated with an approach procedure shall account for an area of 360
degrees around the IF.
Visual approach procedure. A series of predetermined maneuvers by visual reference, from
the initial approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival route to a
point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, a
go-around procedure can be carried-out.
311.5 Application for certification

(a) Each applicant for the grant of aeronautical charts design and production certificate shall:
(1) Complete the ECAA aeronautical charts design and production certification form
which requires the following information:
(i) The applicant’s name and address for service in Egypt;
(ii) The specific aeronautical charts design and production or services to be provided
and
(iii) Such other particulars relating to the applicant and the intended service as may be
required by the ECAA as indicated on the form.
(2) Submit the completed form to the ECAA with payment of the appropriate application
fee prescribed by ECAA
(b) Each applicant shall include with the application all the documents listed in the application
form.
311.7 Issuance of certificate

An applicant is entitled to aeronautical charts design and production certificate if the ECAA is
satisfied that:
(a) The applicant meets the requirements of this Part .
(b) The applicant, and the applicant’s senior person or persons required by 311.51(a)(1) and
(2) are fit and properly qualified persons; and
(c) The granting of the certificate is not contrary to the interests of aviation safety.
311.9 Privileges of certificate
(a) An aeronautical charts design and production certificate:
(1) States the aerodrome landing area or designated airspace at, or within which, the flight
operations procedures is provided; and
(2) May include such conditions, as the ECAA considers appropriate related to this Part.
(b) An aeronautical charts design and production certificate shall specify which of the
following flight operations procedures, approved training courses and assessment
procedures for such flight operations procedures, the certificate holder is authorized to
provide:
(1) Flight data operation and Flight plans;
(2) NOTAM;
(3) Aeronautical chart design;
(4) ENR and Instrument Approach chart;
(5) Watch supervisor;
311.11 Duration of certificate

(a) An aeronautical charts design and production certificate may be issued or renewed for a
maximum period up to 2-years;
(b) An aeronautical charts design and production certificate remains in force until it expires or
withdrawn or suspended or revoked;
(c) The holder of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate that expires or is
revoked shall forthwith surrender the certificate to the ECAA; and
(d) The holder of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate that is suspended
shall forthwith produce the certificate to the ECAA for appropriate endorsement.
311.13 Renewal of certificate

(a) The renewal application shall be submitted to the ECAA not less than 30 days before the
certificate expires.
(b) Where the certificate has been in force for the full 2-years period, the applicant will be
subjected to a full entry-level assessment by the ECAA.
311.14 ECAA Inspection Authority

(a) Each person holds a certificate under this part (or applied for such certificate) shall grant
unrestricted and unlimited access for ECAA inspectors to inspect his personnel, facilities,
equipment, documents and records to determine:
(1) Eligibility to continue to hold his certificate.
(2) Compliance with this ECAR part
(b) Failure to comply with paragraph (a) above shall be a basis to suspend, withdraw or revoke
any certificate issued under this part.
311.15 Enforcement issues

(a) Penalties:
(1) ECAA may impose a penalty (according to the Civil aviation Law NO 28), or reduce
some privileges to the certificate holder if:
(i) It finds that the certificate holder does not comply with the requirements of this
Part and such holder failed to remedy such non-compliance within 60-days after
receiving notice in writing from ECAA to do so;
(ii) Such action is necessary in the interest of safety;
(iii)Its inspector is prevented by the provider from carrying out a safety inspection
when his report recommends such action;
(iv) The certificate holder failed to provide the service in the required standard level,
which is confirmed to ECAA by receiving reports from the users of the service and
proved by a legal investigation; and
(2) When proposing a penalty, ECAA will state the reasons for such action and will
furnish them to the certificate holder.
(b) Suspension of certificate this is a subsequent procedure to impose a penalty:
(1) ECAA may suspend for a defined period, an AIS certificate issued under this part if:
(i) Subject to item 173.25 Paragraph (B) 1, ECAA is satisfied that the certificate
holder still unable to remedy any of these non-compliant areas with the specified
time frame of 60-days;
(ii) The investigation, in case of an accident, proves that it was caused due to the
faulty procedures and/or the malfunction or failure of AIS equipment or system;
(iii) The certificate holder failed to perform the action plan stated in the certificate in
the exact period of time if so stated; and

(iv) Such actions still necessary in the interest of aviation safety.
(2) When proposing a suspension, the ECAA will state the reasons for such action and
furnish them to the certificate holder;
(3) The certificate holder may appeal against such notice within 30-days of receipt;
(4) The applicant shall furnish to ECAA any documents, records, or other pertinent
information supporting the appeal; and
(5) ECAA may confirm, modify, or set aside the proposed suspension based on the appeal.
(c) Revocation of certificate this is a subsequent procedure to suspension:
(1) ECAA may permanently revoke an AIS certificates issue under this part if:
(i) It is verified that the certificate holder will not be able to overcome non-compliant
areas; and
(ii) The certificate holder stops providing the service concerned without a convincing
argument.
(2) ECAA has decided for the interest of safety to terminate services provided at this
aerodrome.
(3) The Ministerial Order issued for the certificate holder is revoked.
(4) The revoked certificate cannot be renewed, it has to be reissued not less than one year
after the revocation date
311.17 Withdrawal or change in level of service

(a) Each holder of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate who wishes to
permanently withdraw Aeronautical charts and Instrument Procedures shall give the ECAA
at least 90 days notice of the proposal and include in that notice a summary of factors
considered in arriving at the decision to withdrew the service.
(b) Each holder of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate that intends to
permanently reduce the hours of operation of an aeronautical charts design and production
shall provide to the ECAA an advance notice of, and the reasons for, the proposed
reduction.
(c) Each holder of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate that is the outgoing
provider of an aeronautical charts design and production shall not hinder the preparation
and execution of transitional arrangements.
311.19 Provisional approval

The ECAA may, if it is considered in the interest of safety, grant an existing certificate holder
a provisional approval to act as a substitute aeronautical charts design and production in
respect to certificate that has been withdrawn, suspended or revoked.
311.21 Transfer of service

Each applicant for the grant of aeronautical charts design and production certificate intending
to assume responsibility for providing any aeronautical charts design and production from an
existing certificate holder, shall include with its application, full details of transitional
arrangements endorsed by the air traffic managers of both organizations.
311.23 Display of certificate

Each aeronautical charts design and production certificate holder shall display the certificate in
a prominent place, generally accessible to the public at the holders principal place of business
and, if a copy of the approval is displayed, shall produce the original approval to an ECAA
inspector if so requested by such inspector.
311.25 Register of certificates

(a) The ECAA will maintain a register of all aeronautical charts design and production
certificate issued under this Part.
(b) The register contains:
(1) The full name of the certificate holder;
(2) The business address of the certificate holder;
(3) The date on which the certificate was approved;
(4) The type of aeronautical charts design and production for which the certificate was
issued;

(5) The date on which the certificate is revoke or suspend, if applicable; and
(6) The date on which the certificate expires.
311.27 Availability
(a) Information. A certificate holder shall on request by ECAA provide all information relating
to the Egyptian territory that is necessary to enable the Standards of this Part to be met.
(b) Charts. A certificate holder shall, when so specified, ensure the availability of charts in
whichever of the appropriate ways prescribed in this Part for a particular chart or single
sheet of a chart series.
311.29 Approval Criteria for PANS OPS

The requirment and approval will be adupted with ICAO Doc. 8168(Procedure for Air
Navigation Suffices-PANS OPS)
311.31 Validation Of Instrument Flight Procedures

To obtain a qualitative assesment of the procedure design including obstcles, terrain,
navigation data and provide an assesment of the fly ability of the procedure. Validation is
the final quality assurance step in the procedure design process for instrument flight
procedures (IFP) and is essencial before the procedure design documentation, refer to
ICAO Doc. 9906
311.33 - 311.49 [Reserved]

Subpart B
Certification Requirements
311.51 Personnel requirements

Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate shall
employ or contract:
(a) A senior person acceptable to the ECAA, who has the authority within the applicant’s
organization to ensure that each activity listed in their exposition:
(1) Can be financed and is provided to meet operational requirements; and
(2) Is provided in accordance with the requirements prescribed by this Part.
(b) A senior person or group of senior persons who are responsible for assuring that the
applicant’s organization complies with the requirements of this Part. Such nominated
person or persons shall be ultimately responsible to the ECAA;
(c) Sufficient personnel to collect, collate, check, coordinate, edit, and amend an aeronautical
charts design and production for the flight operations procedures in the applicant’s
exposition;
(d) Establish a procedure to initially assess the competence of those personnel authorized by
the applicant to check, edit, and amend aeronautical charts for the flight operations
procedures listed in their exposition;
(e) Establish a procedure to maintain the competence of those authorized personnel; and
(f) Provide those authorized personnel with written evidence of the scope of their
authorization.
311.53 Collection of information

(a) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate shall
establish procedures to collect and collate the information required for the activities listed
in their exposition.
(b) The procedures shall ensure that:
(1) Applicable information is obtained from organizations that provide services in support
of the Egyptian air navigation system;
(2) Applicable information is obtained from the other States relevant to the requirements
of international aircraft operators operating on international air routes originating from
Egypt;
(3) Arrangements for the timely provision of information are made with the information
originators prescribed in Paragraph (b)(1) and (2); and
(4) Information received from the information originators prescribed in paragraph (b)(1) is
certified as accurate by a person identified by the originator to be responsible for the
accuracy of that information.
311.55 Preparation of aeronautical chart

establish procedures to check, co-ordinate, edit, publish and disseminate aeronautical
information for the services listed in their exposition.
(1) The information received under 311.29 is checked against available information to
verify its accuracy prior to publication; and
(2) The information received under 311.29 is edited, accurately.
(i) In the format applicable to the operational significance of the information; and
(ii) In a format that takes account of the circumstances under which the information
will be used; and
(3) Permanent publications and long-term temporary publications that related to an
Aeronautical charts design and production are clearly identified as being published
under the authority of the ECAA;

(5) Any permanent change to published information is coordinated with other applicable
information originators before the change is published;
(6) Temporary information that is published with - an estimated period is reviewed at an
appropriate time to ensure that the originator takes the required action to cancel or
reissue the information;
(7) The Aeronautical chart, airways, instrument procedures, control zone, and control area
are published in the English and Arabic language;
(8) Units of measurement are consistent with those prescribed in Part 305;
(9) Abbreviations, consistent with those prescribed in Part 1, and are used in the published
an aeronautical charts when:
(i) Their use is appropriate; and
(ii) Their use will facilitate the dissemination of the information; and
(11) Any of the aeronautical information related to an aeronautical charts is promptly made
available to the other States, upon request by those States;
(12) The aeronautical information related to an aeronautical charts and instrument
procedures is made available in a form under DOC 8697 and that is suitable for the
operational requirements of flight operations personnel, including flight crew
members.
(c) The procedures for aeronautical charts instrument procedures shall, in addition to
Paragraph (b), ensure that:
(1) Aeronautical chart format is carried out in accordance with this Part;
(2) Airways format is carried out in accordance with this Part;
(3) Control zone and control area format is carried out in accordance with this Part;
(4) Instrument procedure format is carried out in accordance with this Part; and
(5) Obstacle evaluation format is carried out in accordance with this Part.
311.57 Correction in published information

establish procedures to record, investigate, correct, and report any errors that are detected
in the aeronautical chart published under the authority of their certificate.
(1) The error is corrected by the most appropriate means relative to the operational
significance of the error;
(2) The correction is clearly identified in the republished information; and
(3) The source of the error is identified and, where possible, eliminated.
311.59 Files
(a) The applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate shall
establish procedures to identify, collect, index, store, maintain and dispose of the files that
are necessary and listed in their exposition.
(1) There are files enabling all incoming and outgoing aeronautical data to be readily
identified by serial number and date, and that supplementary data can be similarly
verified and, where necessary, authenticated;
(2) There is a file of each person who is authorized by the applicant to check and edit
aeronautical data;
(3) There is a file of each error correction;
(4) There is a file of each SQAMS review of the applicant’s organization carried out
under the procedures required by 311.61;
(5) All files are legible and of a permanent nature; and
(6) All electronic files are retained for at least 5-years after which complete update of the
contents of those files is required.

311.61 Safety and quality management system
(a) Each certificate holder shall establish, implement, maintain and adhere to a safety and
quality assurance management systems that are appropriate to the size, nature and
complexity of all activities authorized to be conducted under the certificate and in
accordance with EAC 00-11.
(b) The results of these systems and related audits and corrective actions shall be made
available to the ECAA upon request.
311.63 Security
(a) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate
shall prepare an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures security program, if
applicable.
(b) Each an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures security program shall specify the
physical security requirements, practices, and procedures to be followed for the purposes of
minimizing the risk of, destruction of, damage to, or interference with the operation of, any
an aeronautical charts design and production unit operated by the applicant where such
destruction, damage, or interference is likely to endanger the safety of aircraft.
(c) Without limiting the generality of paragraph (b), the security program shall specify such
physical security requirements, practices, and procedures as may be necessary:
(1) To ensure that entrances to permanent an aeronautical charts design and production
facilities operated by the applicant are subject to positive access control at all times, so
as to prevent unauthorized entry;
(2) To protect personnel on duty;
(3) To be followed in the event of a bomb threat or other threat of violence against an
Aeronautical charts design and production unit; and
(4) To monitor unattended an aeronautical charts design and production unit facilities to
ensure that any intrusion or interference is detected.
311.65 Coordination
establish systems and procedures to ensure, where applicable, coordination between each
unit listed in the applicant’s exposition and the following agencies:
(1) The holder of the Telecommunications and Radio Air Navigation Facilities Service
certificate issued under Part 171;
(2) Any holder of an aeronautical telecommunication service certificate issued under Part
174;
(3) The Egyptian Meteorological Services organization;
(4) The Egyptian Defense Force;
(5) Aircraft operators;
(6) Search and rescue authorities; and
(7) Where the listed an aeronautical charts design and production unit is an aerodrome
control or aerodrome AIS unit:
(i) The aerodrome operator; and
(ii) The apron management service, if the aerodrome control unit does not provide
that service.
(b) The applicant shall provide systems and procedures to facilitate communications between
the units having an operational requirement to communicate with each other.
(c) The applicant shall provide systems and procedures to ensure that units, aircraft operators,
and aviation meteorological service providers, are provided with charts required.

311.67 Training
establish procedures acceptable to the ECAA and follow the approved training programs
for aeronautical information services officers as follows:
(2) Basic introduction.
(3) Initial training.
(4) Recurrent training.
(5) Remedial training.
(6) On –job –training.
(7) Human factor initial and recurrent.
(b) Training provided must have, and put into effect a training plan for the training relating to
aeronautical information services.
(c) Personnel giving instructions in an operational working position shall hold appropriate
current instructor authorization by the ECAA.
Note: This authorization for personnel who are qualified and have received an instructional
technique course and are selected for a specified appropriate in connection with training.
(d) The applicant shall nominate the qualified personnel carrying out assessment, examiners
and trainers to be authorized by the ECAA.
(e) Each of training types mentioned in (a) shall fulfill the training standards requirements
listed in Egyptian Civil Aviation Training Standards Handbook (ECATSH).
311.68 Training record

Each applicant for the grant of aeronautical MAP services certificate shall establish procedures
acceptable to the ECAA for keeping training record for all technical staff and to be maintained up
to date.
311.69 Operations manuals

Each holder of aeronautical information services certificate shall provide an operations
manual, to be available for compliance by its personnel, to perform the services listed in its
exposition.
311.71 Contingency plan

Each applicant for the grant of aeronautical information services certificate shall establish a
contingency plan providing for the safe and orderly flow of information in the event of a
disruption, and / or interruption.
311.73 RE – qualification requirements

Each aeronautical charts design and production services officer who has become unqualified
due to not having satisfactorily completed recurrent training, competency or familiarization
with the appropriate eligibility period shall comply with the re-qualification procedures
accepted by the ECAA.
311.75 - 311.99 [Reserved]

Subpart C
Operating Requirements
311.101 Operational requirements for charts

(a) The total phase of flight can be sequenced into the following phases:
(1) Phase 1 — Taxi from aircraft stand to take-off point
(2) Phase 2 — Take-off and Note. — The total flight is divided into the following phases:
Climb to en-route ATS route structure
(3) Phase 3 — En route ATS route structure
(4) Phase 4 — Descent to approach
(5) Phase 5 — Approach to land and missed approach
(6) Phase 6 — Landing and taxi to aircraft stand.
(b) Each type of chart shall provide information relevant to the function of the chart and its
design shall observe Human Factors principles, which facilitate its optimum use.
(c) Each type of chart shall provide information appropriate to the phase of flight, to ensure
the safe and expeditious operation of the aircraft.
(d) The presentation of information shall be accurate, free from distortion and clutter,
unambiguous, and be readable under all normal operating conditions.
(e) Colors or tints and type size used shall be such that the chart can be easily read and
interpreted by the pilot in varying conditions of natural and artificial light.
(f) The information shall be in a form, which enables the pilot to acquire it in a reasonable
time consistent with workload and operating conditions.
(g) The presentation of information provided on each type of chart shall permit smooth
transition from chart to chart as appropriate to the phase of flight.
(h) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate
should make the charts to be True North orientated.
(i) The basic sheet size of the charts should be 210 x 148 mm (A5).
311.103 Titles
The title of a chart or chart series prepared in accordance with the requirements of this Part
and intended to satisfy the function of the chart, shall be that of the relevant chapter heading
as modified by application of any Standard contained therein, except that such title shall not
include “ICAO” unless the chart conforms with all the requirements specified in this Part.
311.105 Miscellaneous information

Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate
shall:
(a) Make the marginal note layout in accordance to appendix 1 of this Part .
(b) Show the following information on the face of each chart unless otherwise stated in the
specification of the chart concerned:
(1) Designation or title of the chart series;
(2) Name and reference of the sheet;
(3) On each margin an indication of the adjoining sheet.
(c) Provide a legend to the symbols and abbreviations used. The legend shall be on the face or
reverse of each chart except that, where it is impracticable for reasons of space, a legend
may be published separately.
(d) Show the name and adequate address of the producing agency in the margin of the chart.
311.107 Symbols
conform the symbols used to those shown in Appendix 2 of this Part, except that where it is
desired to show on an aeronautical chart special features or items of importance to civil
aviation for which no ICAO symbol is at present provided, any appropriate symbol may be

chosen for this purpose, provided that it does not cause confusion with any existing ICAO
chart symbol or impair the legibility of the chart.
311.109 Units of measurement

Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate shall:
(a) Derive distances as geodesic distances.
(b) Express the distances in nautical miles.
(c) Express altitudes, elevations and heights in feet.
(d) Express linear dimensions on aerodromes and short distances in meters.
(e) Specify the order of resolution of distances, dimensions, elevations and heights for a
particular chart.
(f) State the units of measurement used to express distances, altitudes, elevations and heights
on the face of each chart.
(g) Provide the conversion scales (kilometers/nautical miles, meters/feet) on each chart on
which distances, elevations or altitudes are shown. The conversion scales shall be placed
on the face of each chart.
311.111 Scale and projection

indicate:
(a) The name and basic parameters and scale of the projection for charts of large areas.
(b) A linear scale only for charts of small areas.
311.113 Date of validity of aeronautical information

indicate clearly the date of validity of aeronautical information on the face of each chart.
311.115 Spelling of geographical names

(a) Use the symbols of the Roman alphabet for all writing.
(b) Accept the names of places and of geographical features in countries which officially use
varieties of the Roman alphabet in their official spelling, including the accents and
diacritical marks used in the respective alphabets.
(c) Spell where a geographical term such as “cape”, “point”, “gulf”, “river”, is abbreviated on
any particular chart, that word out in full in the language used by the publishing agency, in
respect of the most important example of each type. Punctuation marks shall not be used in
abbreviations within the body of a chart.
311.117 Abbreviations
Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate:
(a) Shall use abbreviations on aeronautical charts whenever they are appropriate.
(b) Where applicable, should select abbreviations from the Procedures for Air Navigation
Services — ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (Doc 8400).
311.119 Political boundaries

(a) Show International boundaries but may be interrupted if data more important to the use of
the chart would be obscured.
(b) Where the territory of more than one State appears on a chart, shall indicate the names
identifying the countries.

311.121 Relief
(a) Relief, where shown, each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and
production certificate shall portray in a manner that will satisfy the chart users’ need for:
(1) Orientation and identification;
(2) Safe terrain clearance;
(3) Clarity of aeronautical information when shown;
(4) Planning.
(b) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate
shall show the spot elevations for selected critical points.
(c) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate
shall follow the value of spot elevations of doubtful accuracy by the sign±.
311.123 Prohibited, restricted and danger areas

When prohibited, restricted or danger areas are shown, each applicant for the grant of an
aeronautical charts design and production certificate shall include the reference or other
identification except that the nationality letters may be omitted.
311.125 Air traffic services airspaces

When ATS airspace is shown on a chart, each applicant for the grant of an
aeronautical charts design and production certificate shall indicate the class of airspace, the
type, name or call sign, the vertical limits and the radio frequency(ies) to be used and the
horizontal limits depicted in accordance with Appendix 2 of this Part.
311.127 Magnetic variation

(a) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate
shall indicate:
(1) True North and magnetic variation shall be indicated.
(2) The order of resolution of magnetic variation of magnetic variation as specified for
particular chart.
(b) When magnetic variation is shown on a chart, the values shown should be those for the
year nearest to the date of publication that is divisible by 5. In exceptional cases where the
current value would be more than one degree different, after applying the calculation for
annual change, an interim date and value should be quoted.
311.129 Aeronautical data

(a) Take all necessary measures to introduce a properly organized quality system containing
procedures, processes and resources necessary to implement quality management at each
function stage as outlined in ECAR Part 173.151. The execution of such quality
management shall be made demonstrable for each function stage, when required. In
addition, States shall ensure that established procedures exist in order that aeronautical
data at any moment is traceable to its origin so to allow any data anomalies or errors,
detected during the production/ maintenance phases or in the operational use, to be
corrected.
(b) Ensure that the order of chart resolution of aeronautical data to be that as specified for a
particular chart, and as presented in a tabular form in Appendix 6 of this Part.
(c) Ensure that integrity of aeronautical data is maintained throughout the data process survey/
from receiving to the next intended user. Aeronautical data integrity requirements shall be
based upon the potential risk resulting from the corruption of data and upon the use to
which the data item is put. Consequently, the following classification and data integrity
level shall apply:

(1) Critical data, integrity level 1 x 10-8: there is a high probability when using corrupted
critical data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely
at risk with the potential for catastrophe;
(2) Essential data, integrity level 1 x 10-5: there is a low probability when using corrupted
essential data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be
severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe; and
(3) Routine data, integrity level 1 x 10-3: there is a very low probability when using
corrupted routine data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would
be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe.
(d) Aeronautical data quality requirements related to the integrity and data classification shall
be as provided in Tables 1 to 5 in Appendix 6 of this Part. Protection of electronic
aeronautical data while stored or in transit shall be totally monitored by the Cyclic
Redundancy Check (CRC).
(e) To achieve protection of the integrity level of critical and essential aeronautical data, a 32-
or 24-bit CRC algorithm shall apply respectively.
(f) To achieve protection of the integrity level of routine aeronautical data , a 16-bit CRC
algorithm or a WX system software or any equivalent system.
311.131 World Geodetic System — 1984 (WGS-84)

make use of the following:
(a) Horizontal reference system. World Geodetic System - 1984 (WGS-84) shall be used as
the horizontal (geodetic) reference system. Published aeronautical geographical
coordinates (indicating latitude and longitude) shall be expressed in terms of the WGS- 84
geodetic reference datum.
(b) Geographical coordinates which have been transformed into WGS-84 coordinates but
whose accuracy of original field work does not meet the requirements in ECAR Part
173.71(h) & (k) and ECAR Part 139.307 shall be identified by an asterisk.
(c) The order of chart resolution of geographical coordinates shall be that specified for a
particular chart series and in accordance with Appendix 6, Table 1 of this Part.
(d) Vertical reference system. Mean sea level (MSL) datum, which gives the relationship of
gravity-related height (elevation) to a surface known as the geoid, shall be used as the
vertical reference system.
(e) In addition to the elevation (referenced to mean sea level) for the specific surveyed ground
positions, publish geoids undulation (referenced to the WGS-84 ellipsoid) for those
positions as specified for a particular chart.
(f) The order of chart resolution of elevation and geoid undulation shall be that specified for a
particular chart series and in accordance with Appendix 6, Table 2 of this Part.
(g) Temporal reference system. The Gregorian calendar and Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC) shall be used as the temporal reference system.
(h) When a different temporal reference system is used for charting, this shall be indicated in
GEN 2.1.2 of the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP).
311.133 Aerodrome obstacle chart — ICAO type A (operating limitations)

fulfill the requirements listed under the following headings:
(a) Function: Make the aerodrome obstacle charts - ICAO Type A in combination with the
relevant information published in the AIP, to provide the data necessary to enable an
operator to comply with the operating limitations.
(b) Availability:
(1) Make the aerodrome obstacle charts - ICAO Type A (operating limitations) for all
aerodromes regularly used by international civil aviation, except for those aerodromes
where there are no significant obstacles in the take-off flight path areas.

(2) Where a chart is not required because no significant obstacles exist in the take-off
flight path area, publish a notification to this effect.
(c) Units of measurement:
(1) The elevations to the nearest half-meter or to the nearest foot.
(2) The linear dimensions to the nearest half-meter.
(d) Coverage and scale:
(1) Extent of each plan to be sufficient to cover all significant obstacles.
(2) (2) Horizontal scale to be within the range of 1:10 000 to 1:15 000.
(3) Horizontal scale should be 1:10 000.
(4) Vertical scale to be ten times the horizontal scale.
(5) Horizontal and vertical linear scales to showing both meters and feet in the charts.
(e) Format:
(1) Make the charts to depict a plan and profile of each runway, any associated stop way
or clearway, the take-off flight path area, and significant obstacles.
(2) The profile for each runway, stop way, clearway and the obstacles in the take-off flight
path area shall be shown above its corresponding plan. The profile of an alternative
take-off flight path area shall comprise a linear projection of the full take-off flight
path and shall be disposed above its corresponding plan in the manner most suited to
the ready interpretation of the information.
(3) The profile grid shall be ruled over the entire profile area exclusive of the runway. The
zero for vertical coordinates shall be mean sea level. The zero for horizontal
coordinates shall be the end of the runway furthest from the take-off flight path area
concerned. Graduation marks indicating the subdivisions of intervals shall be shown
along the base of the grid and along the vertical margins and should make
(4) The vertical grid to have intervals of 30 m (100 ft) and the horizontal grid to have
intervals of 300 m (1 000 ft).
(5) make the chart to include:
(i) A box for recording the operational data
(ii) A box for recording amendments and dates thereof.
(e) Identification: Identify the chart by the name of the country in which the aerodrome is
located, the name of the city or town, or area, which the aerodrome serves, the name of the
aerodrome and the designator(s) of the runway(s).
(f) Magnetic variation: Indicate the magnetic variation to the nearest degree and date of
information.
(g) Aeronautical data:
(1) Obstacles:
(i) Consider the obstacles in the take-off flight path area which project above a plane
surface having a 1.2 per cent slope and having a common origin with the take-off
flight path area, as significant obstacles, except that significant obstacles lying
wholly below the shadow of other significant obstacles as defined in (3.8.1.2)
need not be shown. Mobile obstacles such as boats, trains, trucks, etc., which may
project above the 1.2 per cent plane shall be considered significant obstacles but
shall not be considered as being capable of creating a shadow.
(ii) Consider the shadow of an obstacle to be a plane surface originating at a
horizontal line passing through the top of the obstacle at right angles to the center
line of the take-off flight path area. The plane covers the complete width of the
take-off flight path area and extends to the plane defined at 3.8.1.1 or to the next
higher significant obstacle if it occurs first. For the first 300 m (1 000 ft) of the
take-off flight path area, the shadow planes are horizontal and beyond this point
such planes have an upward slope of 1.2 per cent.
(iii) If the obstacle creating a shadow is likely to be removed, objects that would
become obstacles by its removal shall be shown.
(2) Take-off flight path area:

(i) The take-off flight path area consists of a quadrilateral area on the surface of the
earth lying directly below, and symmetrically disposed about, the take-off flight
path. This area has the following characteristics:
(A) It commences at the end of the area declared suitable for take-off (i.e. at the
end of the runway or clearway as appropriate);
(B) Its width at the point of origin is 180 m (600 ft) and this width increases at
the rate of 0.25D to a maximum of 1 800 m (6 000 ft), where D is the
distance from the point of origin;
(C) It extends to the point beyond which no significant obstacles exist or to a
distance of 10.0 km (5.4 NM), whichever is the lesser.
(ii) For runways serving aircraft having operating limitations which do not preclude
the use of a take-off flight path gradient of less than 1.2 per cent, the extent of the
takeoff flight path area specified in.(3.8.2.1 c) shall be increased to not less than
12.0 km (6.5 NM) and the slope of the plane surface specified in 3.8.1.1 and
3.8.1.2 shall be reduced to 1.0 per cent or less.
(3) Declared distances:
(i) Enter the following information for each direction of each runway in the space
provided:
(A) Take-off run available;
(B) Accelerate-stop distance available;
(C) Take-off distance available;
(D) Landing distance available.
(ii) Provide: Where a declared distance is not provided because a runway is usable in
one direction only, that runway should be identified as “not usable for take-off,
landing, or both”.
(4) Plan and profile views:
(i) Make the plan view to show:
(A) The outline of the runways by a solid line, including the length and width, the
magnetic bearing to the nearest degree, and the runway number;
(B) The outline of the clearways by a broken line, including the length and
identification as such;
(C) Take-off flight path areas by a dashed line and the centerline by a fine line
consisting of short and long dashes;
(D) Alternative take-off flight path areas. When alternative take-off flight path
areas not centered on the extension of the runway centerline is shown, notes
shall be provided explaining the significance of such areas;
(E) Obstacles, including:
(I) The exact location of each significant obstacle together with a symbol
indicative of its type;
(II) The elevation and identification of each significant obstacle;
(III) The limits of penetration of significant obstacles of large extent in a
distinctive manner identified in the legend.
(ii) The nature of the runway and stop way surfaces should be indicated.
(iii) Stop ways should be identified as such and should be shown by a broken line.
(iv) When stop ways are shown, the length of each stop way shall be indicated.
(v) make the profile view to show:
(A) The profile of the centerline of the runway by a solid line and the profile of
the centerline of any associated stop ways and clearways by a broken line;
(B) The elevation of the runway center line at each end of the runway, at the stop
way and at the origin of each takeoff flight path area, and at each significant
change in slope of runway and stop way;
(C) Obstacles, including:

(I) Each significant obstacle by a solid vertical line extending from a
convenient grid line over at least one other grid line to the elevation of the
top of the obstacle;
(II) Identification of each significant obstacle;
(III) The limits of penetration of significant obstacles of large extent in a
distinctive manner identified in the legend.
(i) Accuracy:
(1) Show on the chart the order of accuracy attained.
(2) Print on the chart the horizontal dimensions and the elevations of the runway, stop way
and clearway determined to the nearest 0.5 m (1 ft).
(3) Take from the chart the order of accuracy of the field work and the precision of chart
production such that measurements in the take-off flight path areas can be within the
following maximum deviations:
(i) Horizontal distances: 5 m (15 ft) at a point of origin increasing at a rate of 1 per
500;
(ii) Vertical distances: 0.5 m (1.5 ft) in the first 300 m (1 000 ft) and increasing at a
rate of 1 per 1 000.
(4) Where no accurate datum for vertical reference is available, the elevation of the datum
used be stated and be identified as assumed.
311.135 En route chart — ICAO

(a) Function: Make this chart to provide flight crews with information to facilitate navigation
along ATS routes in compliance with air traffic services procedures.
(b) Availability:
(1) Make the en-route chart — ICAO available for all areas where flight information
regions have been established.
(2) Provide separate charts, where different air traffic services routes, position reporting
requirements or lateral limits of flight information regions or control areas exist in
different layers of airspace and cannot be shown with sufficient clarity on one chart,.
(c) Coverage and scale:
(1) Should determine layout of sheet lines by the density and pattern of the ATS route
structure.
(2) Shall avoid large variations of scale between adjacent charts showing a continuous
route structure.
(3) Shall provide an adequate overlap of charts to ensure continuity of navigation.
(d) Projection:
(1) Should use a conformal projection on which a straight line approximates a great circle.
(2) Shall show parallels and meridians at suitable intervals
(3) Shall place graduation marks at consistent intervals along selected parallels and
meridians.
(e) Identification: Identify each sheet by chart series and number.
(f) Culture and topography:
(1) Generalized shore lines of all open water areas, large lakes and rivers by except where
they conflict with data more applicable to the function of the chart.
(2) Within each quadrilateral formed by the parallels and meridians the area minimum
altitude shall be shown, except as provided for in 7.6.3..
(g) Magnetic variation: Isogonics should be indicated and the date of the isogonics
information given by each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts design and
production certificate in the chart.
(h) Bearings, tracks and radials:
(1) Make bearings, tracks and radials to be magnetic

(2) Identify, where bearings, tracks or radials are given with reference to True North or
Grid North, this shall be clearly
(i) Aeronautical data:
(1) Aerodromes used by international civil aviation to which an instrument approach can
be made.
(2) Depicted, prohibited, restricted and danger areas relevant to the layer of airspace with
their identification and vertical limits.
(3) Air traffic services system: Where appropriate, the components of the established air
traffic services system shall be shown.
(4) The components of the established air traffic services system and instrument
procedures certificate in the chart, where appropriate:
(i) shall make the components include the following:
(A) The radio navigation aids associated with the air traffic services system
together with their names, identifications, and frequencies and geographical
coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds;
(B) In respect of DME, additionally the elevation of the transmitting antenna of
the DME to the nearest 30 m (100 ft);
(C) An indication of all designated airspace, including lateral and vertical limits
and the appropriate class of airspace;
(D) All ATS routes for en-route flight including route designators, required
navigation performance (RNP) types, the track to the nearest
(E) degree in both directions along each segment of the routes and, where
applicable, the direction of traffic flow;
(F) All significant points which define the ATS routes and are not marked by the
position of a radio navigation aid, together with their name-codes and
geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds;
(G) In respect of waypoints defining VOR/DME area navigation routes,
additionally,
(I) The station identification and radio frequency of the reference
VOR/DME;
(II) The bearing to the nearest tenth of a degree and the distance to the nearest
two-tenths of a kilometer (tenth of a nautical mile) from the reference
VOR/ DME, if the waypoint is not collocated with it;
(H) An indication of all compulsory and “on-request” reporting points and
ATS/MET reporting points;
(I) The distances to the nearest kilometer or nautical mile between significant
points constituting turning points or reporting points;
(J) Change-over points on route segments defined by reference to very high
frequency omni directional radio ranges, indicating the distances to the
nearest kilometer or nautical mile to the navigation aids;
(K) Minimum flight altitudes on ATS routes to the nearest higher 50 meters or
100 feet (see Annex 11, 2.21);
(L) Radio communication facilities listed with their frequencies;
(M) Air defense identification zone (ADIZ) properly identified.
(5) Supplementary information:
(i) Show details of departure and arrival routes and associated holding patterns in
terminal areas unless they are shown on an area chart, a standard departure chart
— instrument (SID) — ICAO or a standard arrival chart — instrument (STAR)
— ICAO.
(ii) Show where established, altimeter-setting regions and identified in the chart

311.137 Standard departure chart — instrument (SID) — ICAO
(a) Function: Make this chart to provide the flight crew with information to enable it to
comply with the designated standard departure route — instrument from take-off phase to
the en route phase.
(b) Availability: Make the standard departure chart — instrument (SID) — ICAO available
wherever a standard departure route — instrument has been established and cannot be
shown with sufficient clarity on the area chart — ICAO.
(1) Shall make the coverage of the chart to be sufficient to indicate the point where the
departure route begins and the specified significant point at which the en-route phase
of flight along a designated air traffic services route can be commenced.
(2) Should make the chart to be drawn to scale.
(3) Shall show a scale-bar ,If the chart is drawn to scale.
(4) Shall show, when the chart is not drawn to scale, the annotation “NOT TO SCALE”
and the symbol for scale break shall be used on tracks and other aspects of the chart
which are too large to be drawn to scale.
(d) Projection:
(2) Should show, when the chart is drawn to scale, parallels and meridians at suitable
intervals.
(3) Shall place graduation marks at consistent intervals along the neat lines, as
appropriate.
(e) Identification: Be identified by the name of the city or town, or area, which the aerodrome
serves, the name of the aerodrome and the identification of the standard departure route(s)
- instrument as established in accordance with the procedures for air navigation services -
aircraft operations (PANS-OPS, Doc 8168), Volume II, Part II, Chapter 5.
(1) Shall, where the chart is drawn to scale, show generalized shore lines of all open water
areas, large lakes and rivers except where they conflict with data more applicable to
the function of the chart.
(2) Should, to improve situational awareness in areas where significant relief exists, draw
the chart to scale and all relief exceeding 300 m (1 000 ft) above the aerodrome
elevation should be shown by smoothed contour lines, contour values and layer tints
printed in brown. Appropriate spot elevations, including the highest elevation within
each top contour line, should be shown printed in black. Significant obstacles should
also be shown.
(g) Magnetic variation: Show magnetic variation used in determining the magnetic bearings,
tracks and radials to the nearest degree.
(h) Bearings, tracks and radials: Make the bearings, tracks and radials to be magnetic.
(1) Aerodromes
(i) Show the aerodrome of departure by the runway pattern.
(ii) Show and identify all aerodromes which affect the designated standard departure
route instrument. Where appropriate the aerodrome runway patterns shall be
shown.
(2) Show prohibited, restricted and danger areas Prohibited, restricted and danger areas
which may affect the execution of the procedures with their identification and vertical
limits.
(3) Minimum sector altitude:

(i) Show the established minimum sector altitude, based on a navigation aid
associated with the procedure with a clear indication of the sector to which it
applies.
(ii) Draw, where the minimum sector altitude has not been established, the chart to
scale and area minimum altitudes shall be shown within quadrilaterals formed by
the parallels and meridians. Area minimum altitudes shall also be shown in those
parts of the chart not
(4) Air traffic services system:
(i) Show the components of the relevant air traffic services system: Make the
components to comprise the following a graphic portrayal of each standard
departure route — instrument, including:
(A) Route designator;
(B) Significant points defining the route;
(C) Track or radial to the nearest degree along each segment of the route(s);
(D) Distances to the nearest kilometer or nautical mile between significant points;
(E) Minimum flight altitudes to the nearest higher 50 m or 100 ft along the route
or route segments;
(F) Altitude to the nearest higher 50 m or 100 ft/flight level restrictions, where
established;
(ii) The radio navigation aid(s) associated with the route(s) including:
(A) Plain language name;
(B) Identification;
(C) Frequency;
(D) Geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds;
(E) For DME, the channel and the elevation of the transmitting antenna of the
DME to the nearest 30 m (100 ft);
(iii) The name-codes of the significant points not marked by the position of a radio
navigation aid, their geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds
and the Bearing to the nearest tenth of a degree and distance to the nearest two-
tenths of a kilometer (tenth of a nautical mile) from the reference radio navigation
aid;
(iv) Applicable holding patterns;
(v) Transition altitude/height to the nearest higher 300 m or 1 000 ft;
(vi) The position and height of close-in obstacles which penetrate the obstacle
identification surface (OIS). A note shall be included whenever close-in obstacles
Penetrating the OIS exists but which were not considered for the published
procedure design gradient.
(vii) Area speed restrictions, where established;
(viii)All compulsory and “on-request” reporting points;
(ix) Radio communication procedures, including:
(A) Call sign(s) of ATS unit(s);
(B) Frequency;
(C) Transponder setting, where appropriate.
(5) A textual description of standard departure route(s) - instrument(SID) and
communication failure procedures in relation to radar control should be provided and
should, whenever feasible, be shown on the chart or on the same page which contains
the chart.
311.139 Standard arrival chart — instrument (STAR) — ICAO


(a) Function: Make this chart to provide the flight crew with information to enable it to
comply with the designated standard arrival route — instrument from the en-route phase to
the approach phase.
(b) Availability: Make the standard arrival chart — instrument (STAR) — ICAO available
wherever a standard arrival route - instrument has been established and cannot be shown
with sufficient clarity on the Area Chart.
(c) Coverage and scale
(1) Shall make the coverage of the chart to be sufficient to indicate the points where the
en-route phase ends and the approach phase begins.
(2) Should draw the chart to scale.
(3) Shall show a scale, If the chart is drawn to scale.
(4) Shall, when the chart is not drawn to scale, show the annotation “NOT TO SCALE”
and the symbol for scale break shall be used on tracks and other aspects of the chart
which are too large to be drawn to scale.
(d) Projection
(2) Should show parallels and meridians at suitable intervals ,when the chart is drawn to
scale.
(3) Shall place graduation marks at consistent intervals along the neat lines, as
appropriate.
(e) Identification: Identify the chart by the name of the city or town, or area, which the
aerodrome serves, the name of the aerodrome, and the identification of the standard arrival
route(s) C instrument as established in accordance with the Procedures for Air Navigation
Services - Aircraft Operations (PANSOPS, Doc 8168), Volume II, Part III, Chapter 3.
(1) Where the chart is drawn to scale, shall show generalized shore lines of all open water
areas, large lakes and rivers shown except where they conflict with data more
applicable to the function of the chart.
(2) To improve situational awareness in areas where significant relief exists, should draw
the chart to scale and all relief exceeding 300 m (1 000 ft) above the aerodrome
elevation should be shown by smoothed contour lines, contour values and layer tints
printed in brown. Appropriate spot elevations, including the highest elevation within
each top contour line, should be shown printed in black. Significant obstacles should
also be shown.
(g) Magnetic variation: Show the magnetic variation used in determining the magnetic
bearings, tracks and radials to the nearest degree.
(h) Bearings, tracks and radials: Make bearings, tracks and radials to be magnetic,
(1) Aerodromes:
(i) Show the aerodrome of landing by the runway pattern.
(ii) Show and identify all aerodromes which affect the designated standard arrival
route instrument. Where appropriate the aerodrome runway patterns shall be
shown.
(2) Show prohibited, restricted and danger areas Prohibited, restricted and danger areas
which may affect the execution of the procedures with their identification and vertical
limits.
(3) Minimum sector altitude:
(i) Show the established minimum sector altitude with a clear indication of the sector
to which it applies.
(ii) Be shown, where the minimum sector altitude has not been established, draw the
chart to scale and area minimum altitudes within quadrilaterals Formed by the
parallels and meridians. Area minimum altitudes shall also be shown in those
parts of the chart not covered by the minimum sector altitude.

(4) Air traffic services system
(i) Show the components of the relevant air traffic services system
(A) Make the components to comprise the following:
(I) A graphic portrayal of each standard arrival route — instrument, including:
- Route designator;
- Significant points defining the route;
- Track or radial to the nearest degree along each segment of the route;
- Distances to the nearest kilometer or nautical mile between significant
points;
- Minimum flight altitudes to the nearest higher 50 m or 100 ft along the
route or route segments; and
- Altitude to the nearest higher 50 m or 100 ft/flight level restrictions, where
established.
(II) The radio navigation aid(s) associated with the route(s) including:
- Plain language name;
- Identification;
- Frequency;
- Geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds; and
- For DME, the channel and the elevation of the transmitting antenna of the
DME to the nearest 30 m (100 ft).
(III) The name-codes of the significant points not marked by the position of a
radio navigation aid, their geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes
and seconds and the bearing to the nearest tenth of a degree and distance
to the nearest two-tenths of a kilometer (tenth of a nautical mile) from the
reference radio navigation aid;
(IV) Applicable holding patterns;
(V) Transition altitude/height to the nearest higher 300 m or 1 000 ft;
(VI) Area speed restrictions, where established;
(VII) All compulsory and “on-request” reporting points;
(VIII) Radio communication procedures, including:
- Call sign(s) of ATS unit(s);
- Frequency;
- Transponder setting, where appropriate.
(ii) A textual description of standard arrival route(s): Instrument (STAR) and
communication failure procedures in relation to radar control be provided and
should whenever feasible, be shown on the chart or on the same page which
contains the chart
311.141 Instrument approach chart — ICAO

(a) Function: Make this chart to provide flight crews with information which will enable them
to perform an approved instrument approach procedure to the runway of intended landing
including the missed approach procedure and where applicable, associated holding
patterns.
(b) Availability:
(1) Make instrument approach charts — ICAO available for all aerodromes used by
international civil aviation where instrument approach procedures have been
established by the ECAA.

(2) Provide a separate instrument approach chart — ICAO, for each precision approach
procedure established by the ECAA.
(3) Provide, a separate instrument approach chart - ICAO for each non-precision
approach procedure established by the ECAA.
(4) Provide more than one chart, when the values for track, time or altitude differ between
categories of aircraft on other than the final approach segment of the instrument
approach procedures and the listing of these differences on a single chart could cause
clutter or confusion.
(5) Revise instrument approach charts — ICAO whenever information essential to safe
operation becomes out of date.
(c) Coverage and scale
(1) Make the coverage of the chart sufficient to include all segments of the instrument
approach procedure and such additional areas as may be necessary for the type of
approach intended.
(2) Select the scale to ensure optimum legibility consistent with:
(i) The procedure shown on the chart;
(ii) Sheet size.
(3) Give a scale indication: Except where this is not practicable, Each applicant for the
grant of an aeronautical charts design and production certificate shall show a distance
circle with a radius of 20 km (10 NM) centered on a DME located on or close to the
aerodrome, or on the aerodrome reference point where no suitable DME is available;
its radius shall be indicated on the circumference.
(4) A distance scale should be shown directly below the profile.
(5) The basic sheet size of the charts should be 210 x 148 mm (A5).
(d) Projection:
(1) Shall use a conformal projection on which a straight line approximates a great circle.
(2) Should place graduation marks at consistent intervals along the neat lines.
(e) Identification: Be identified the chart by the name of the city or town, or area, which the
aerodrome serves, the name of the aerodrome and the identification of the instrument
approach procedure as established in accordance with the procedures for air navigation
services - aircraft operations (PANS-OPS, Doc 8168), Volume II, Part III, Chapter 1.
(1) Show culture and topographic information pertinent to the safe execution of the
instrument approach procedure, including the missed approach procedure, associated
holding procedures and visual maneuvering (circling) procedure when established, and
only when necessary, to facilitate the understanding of such name Topographic
information, and the minimum shall be a delineation of land masses and significant
lakes and rivers.
(2) Show relief in a manner best suited to the particular elevation characteristics of the
area. In areas where relief exceeds 1200 m (4000 ft) above the aerodrome elevation
within the coverage of the chart or 600 m (2000 ft) within 11 km (6 NM) of the
aerodrome reference point or when final approach or missed approach procedure
gradient is steeper than optimal due to terrain, all relief exceeding 150 m (500 ft)
above the aerodrome elevation shall be shown in the chart by an applicant by
smoothed contour lines, contour values and layer tints printed in brown. Appropriate
spot elevations, including the highest elevation within each top contour line shall also
be shown printed in black.
(g) Magnetic variation:
(1) The magnetic variation should be shown in the chart by an applicant.
(2) When shown, the value of the variation, indicated to the nearest degree, shall agree
with that used in determining magnetic bearings, tracks and radials.
(h) Bearings, tracks and radials: Put bearings, tracks and radials in magnetic

(1) Aerodromes:
(i) All aerodromes which show a distinctive pattern from the air shall be shown by the
appropriate symbol. Abandoned aerodromes shall be identified as abandoned.
(ii) Show the runway pattern, at a scale sufficiently large to show it clearly, for:
(A) The aerodrome on which the procedure is based;
(B) Aerodromes affecting the traffic pattern or so situated as to be likely, under
adverse weather conditions, to be mistaken for the aerodrome of intended
landing.
(iii)Show the aerodrome elevation to the nearest meter or foot in a prominent position
on the chart.
(iv) Show the threshold elevation or, where applicable, the highest elevation of the
touchdown zone to the nearest meter or foot.
(2) Obstacles:
(i) Show significant obstacles on the plan view of the chart.
(ii) Determine If one or more obstacles are the determining factor of an obstacle
clearance altitude/height, those obstacles should be identified.
(iii)Show The elevation of the top of obstacles shall be shown to the nearest (next
higher) meter or foot.
(iv) Show the heights of obstacles above a datum other than the mean sea level, when
shown, they should be given in parentheses on the chart.
(v) when the heights of obstacles above a datum other than mean sea level are shown,
to be the datum define the aerodrome elevation except that, at aerodromes having
an instrument runway (or runways) with a threshold elevation more than 2 m (7
ft) below the aerodrome elevation, the chart datum shall be the threshold
elevation of the runway to which the instrument approach is related.
(vi) Where a datum other than means sea level is used, each applicant state it in a
prominent position on the chart.
(vii) Where an obstacle free zone has been established for a precision approach
runway Category I, this shall be indicated.
(viii) obstacles that penetrate the visual segment surface (VSS) shall be identified on
the chart .
(3) Prohibited, restricted and danger areas: Prohibited areas, restricted areas, and danger
areas, which may affect the execution of the procedures, shall be shown by an
applicant with their identification and vertical limits.
(4) Radio communication facilities and navigation aids
(i) Show radio navigation aids required for the procedures together with their
frequencies, identifications and track-defining characteristics, if any. In the case of
a procedure in which more than one station is located on the final approach track,
clearly identify the facility to be used for track guidance for final approach.
(ii) Show and identify the final approach fix (or final approach point for an ILS
approach procedure) and other essential fixes or points comprising the procedure.
(iii) The final approach fix (or final approach point for an ILS approach procedure)
should be identified with its geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and
seconds.
(iv) Show or indicate radio navigation aids that might be used in diversionary
procedures together with their track-defining characteristics, if any, on the chart.
(v) Radio communication frequencies, including call signs, that are required for the
execution of the procedures shall be shown by an applicant.
(vi) When required by the procedures, show the distance to the aerodrome from each
radio navigation aid concerned with the final approach to the nearest kilometer or
nautical mile. When no track-defining aid indicates the bearing of the aerodrome,
show the bearing to the nearest degree.

(5) Minimum sector altitude: show The minimum sector altitude established by the
competent authority, with a clear indication of the sector to which it applies.
(6) Portrayal of procedure tracks:
(i) Make the plan view to show the following information in the manner indicated:
(A) The approach procedure track by an arrowed continuous line indicating the
direction of flight;
(B) The missed approach procedure track by an arrowed broken line;
(C) Any additional procedure track, other than those specified in A) and B), by an
arrowed dotted line;
(D) Bearings, tracks, radials to the nearest degree and distances to the nearest two-
tenths of a kilometer or tenth of a nautical mile or times required for the
procedure;
(E) Where no track-defining aid is available, the magnetic bearing to the nearest
degree to the aerodrome from the radio navigation aids concerned with the final
approach;
(F) The boundaries of any sector in which visual maneuvering (circling) is
prohibited;
(G) Where specified the holding pattern and minimum holding altitude/height
associated with the approach and missed approach;
(H) Caution notes where required, prominently displayed on the face of the chart.
(ii) The plan view should show the distance to the aerodrome from each radio
navigation aid concerned with the final approach.
(iii)Make a profile to provide normally below the plan view showing the following
data:
(A) The aerodrome by a solid block at aerodrome elevation;
(B) The profile of the approach procedure segments by an arrowed continuous
line indicating the direction of flight;
(C) The profile of the missed approach procedure segment by an arrowed broken
line and a description of the procedure;
(D) The profile of any additional procedure segment, other than those specified in
b) and c), by an arrowed dotted line;
(E) Bearings, tracks, radials to the nearest degree and distances to the nearest
two-tenths of a kilometer or tenth of a nautical mile or times required for the
procedure;
(F) Altitude/heights required by the procedures, including transition altitude,
where established;
(G) Limiting distance to the nearest kilometer or nautical mile on procedure turn,
when specified;
(H) The intermediate approach fix or point, on procedures where no course
reversal is authorized.
(I) A line representing the aerodrome elevation or threshold elevation, as
appropriate, extended across the width of the chart including a distance scale
with its origin at the runway threshold.
(iv) Heights required by procedures be shown in parentheses, using the height datum
selected .
(v) A ground profile shown by a solid line depicting the highest elevations of the
relief occurring within the primary area of the final approach segment. The
highest elevations of the relief occurring in the secondary areas of the final
approach segment shown by a dashed line or minimum altitudes/heights in the
intermediate and final approach segments indicated within bounded shaded
blocks
(7) Aerodrome operating minima:
AOM are defined as: (ICAO annex 6 part 1)

"the limits of usability of an aerodrome for:
a) Take-off, expressed in terms of RVR and/or visibility and , if necessary, cloud
conditions;
b) Landing in precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of
visibility and/or RVR and decision altitude/height (DA/H) as appropriate to the
category of the operation;
c) Landing in precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of
visibility and/or RVR and DA/H; and
d) Landing in Non-precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of
visibility and/or RVR, minimum descent altitude/height (MDA/H) and, if
necessary, cloud conditions"
show the aerodrome operating minima in the chart when established by the ECAA
The obstacle clearance altitudes/heights for the aircraft categories for which the
procedure is designed shall be shown; for precision approach procedures, additional
OCA/H for Cat DL aircraft (wing span between 65 m and 80 m and/or vertical
distance between the flight path of the wheels and the glide path antenna between 7
m and 8 m) shall be published, when necessary.
In establishing the aerodrome operating minima which will apply to any particular
operation, an operator must take full account of:
a) The type , performance and handling characteristics of the aeroplane;
b) The composition of the flight crew, their competence and experience;
c) The dimensions and charateristics of the runways which may be selected For
use;
d) The adequacy and performance of the avilable visual and non-visual ground
aids;
e) The equipment available on the aeroplane for the purpose of navigation
and/or control of the flight path, as appropriate, during the take-off, the
approach, the flare, the landing, roll-out and the missed approach;
f) The obstacles in the approach, missed approach and the climb-out areas
required for the execution of contingency procedures and necessary clearance,
g) The obstacle clearance altitude/height of the instrument approach procedures;
h) The means to determine and report meteorological conditions; and
i) The flight technique to be used during the final approach.
(8) Supplementary information
(i) Show when the missed approach point is defined by:
(A) A distance from the final approach fix, or
(B) A facility or a fix and the corresponding distance from the final approach fix,
the distance to the nearest two-tenths of a kilometer or tenth of a nautical
mile and a table showing ground speeds and times from the final approach fix
to the missed approach point.
(ii) Show when DME is required for use in the final approach segment, a table
showing altitudes/heights for each 2 km or 1 NM, as appropriate. The table shall
not include distances, which would correspond to altitudes/ heights below the
OCA/H.
(iii) For procedures in which DME is not required for use in the final approach
segment but where a suitably located DME is available to provide advisory
descent profile information, a table showing the altitudes/heights should be
included.
(iv) A rate of descent table should be shown.
(v) Show the final approach descent gradient and, in parenthesis, descent angle to the
nearest one tenth of a degree for non-precision procedures with a final approach
fix.

(vi) Show on charts depicting ILS/MLS and LNAV/VNAV approach procedures, the
height of the ILS/MLS and LNAV/VNAV reference datum to the nearest half
meter or foot and the glide path/elevation/vertical path angle. If the ILS/MLS
glide path/elevation angle exceeds 3.5°, a note shall be included referring to
appropriate aircraft and flight crew qualification requirements for such a
procedure.
(vii) Final approach descent angle be shown to the nearest one tenth of a degree for
instrument procedures with vertical guidance
(9) Aeronautical data base requirements: publish the following data in tabular form on the
verso of the chart or as a separate, properly referenced sheet:
(i) Final approach fixes/points and other essential fixes/ points comprising the
instrument approach procedure identified with their geographical coordinates in
degrees, minutes, seconds and tenths of seconds;
(ii) Instrument approach procedure fix formation bearings to the nearest hundredth of
a degree; and
(iii)Instrument approach procedure fix formations distance to the nearest one
hundredth of a nautical mile; and
(iv) For non-precision approaches, the final approach descent angle to the nearest one
hundredth of a degree
311.143 Aerodrome /heliport chart — ICAO

(a) Function: Provide this chart flight crews with information which will facilitate the ground
movement of aircraft:
(1 ) From the aircraft stand to the runway; and
(2 ) From the runway to the aircraft stand; it shall also provide essential operational
information at the aerodrome.
(3 ) Helicopter movement:
(i) From the helicopter stand to the touchdown and lift-off area and to the final
approach and take-off area;
(ii) From the final approach and take-off area to the touchdown and lift-off area and to
the helicopter stand;
(iii)Along helicopter ground and air taxiways; and
(iv) Along air transit routes;
It shall also provide essential operational information at the aerodrome/heliport.
(b) Availability:
(1) make available the Aerodrome/Heliport Chart — ICAO for all aerodromes regularly
used by international civil aviation.
(2) the aerodrome/heliport chart - ICAO be made available also, for all other
aerodromes/heliports available for use by international civil aviation
(1) Make the coverage and scale to be sufficiently large to show clearly all the elements
listed in 311.93(f)(1).
(2) Show a linear scale.
(d) Identification: Identify the chart by the name of the city or town, or area, which the
aerodrome/heliport serves and the name of the aerodrome.
(e) Magnetic variation: Show true and Magnetic North arrows and magnetic variation to the
nearest degree and annual change of the magnetic variation.
(f) Aerodrome/heliport data:
(1) Geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds for the aerodrome/heliport
reference point;

(2) Elevations to the nearest meter or foot of the aerodrome, of non-precision approach
runway thresholds and apron (altimeter checkpoint locations) where applicable;
(3) Elevations and geoids undulations to the nearest half meter or foot of runway
thresholds, geometric center of touchdown and lift-off area and the highest elevation of
the touchdown zone of a precision approach runway;
(4) All runways including those under construction with designation number, length and
width to the nearest meter, bearing strength, displaced thresholds, stop ways,
clearways, runway directions to the nearest degree magnetic, type of surface, and
runway markings;
(5) All aprons, with aircraft stands, lighting, markings and other visual guidance and
control aids, where applicable, including location and type of visual docking guidance
systems, and bearing strengths or aircraft type restrictions where the bearing strength is
less than that of the associated runways;
(6) Geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds for thresholds, geometric
center of touchdown and lift-off area and/or thresholds of the final approach and take-
off area (where appropriate);
(7) All taxiways, with designations, width, lighting, markings, including runway-holding
positions and stop bars, other visual guidance and control aids, and bearing strength or
aircraft type restrictions where the bearing strength is less than that of the associated
runways;
(8) Geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds for
appropriate taxiway center line points and aircraft stands;
(9) Where established, standard routes for taxiing aircraft with their designators;
(10) The boundaries of the air traffic control service;
(11) Position of runway visual range (RVR) observation sites;
(12) Approach and runway lighting;
(13) Location and type of the visual approach slope indicator systems with their
nominal approach slope angle(s), minimum eye height(s) over the threshold of the on-
slope signal(s), and where the axis of the system is not parallel to the runway center
line, the angle and direction of the displacement, i.e. left or right;
(14) Radio communication facilities;
(15) Significant obstacles to taxiing;
(16) Aircraft servicing areas and buildings of operational significance;
(17) VOR checkpoint and radio frequency of the aid concerned;
(18) Any part of the depicted movement area permanently unsuitable for aircraft,
clearly identified as such.
(g) In addition, relating to heliports, the chart shall show:
(1) Heliport type;
(2) Touchdown and lift-off area including dimensions to the nearest meter, slope, type of
surface and bearing strength in tones;
(3) Final approach and take-off area including type, true bearing to the nearest degree,
designation number (where appropriate), length and width to the nearest meter, slop
and type of surface;
(4) Safety area including length, width and type of surface;
(5) Helicopter clearway including length and ground profile;
(6) Obstacles including type and elevation of the top of the obstacles to the nearest (next
higher) meter or foot;
(7) Visual aids for approach procedures, marking and lighting of final approach and take-
off area, and of touchdown and lift-off area;
(8) Declared distances to the nearest meter for heliports, where relevant, including:
(i) Take-off distance available;
(ii) Rejected take-off distance available;
(iii) Landing distance available.

311.145 Aircraft parking/docking chart — ICAO
(a) Function: Provide this supplementary chart flight crews with detailed information to
facilitate the ground movement of aircraft between the taxiways and the aircraft stands and
the parking/docking of aircraft.
(b) Availability: Make available the aircraft parking/ docking chart — ICAO where, due to the
complexity of the terminal facilities, the information cannot be shown with sufficient
clarity on the aerodrome/heliport chart — ICAO or on the aerodrome ground movement
chart — ICAO.
(1) Make the coverage and scale to be sufficiently large to show clearly all the elements
listed in 311.95(f).
(2) A linear scale be shown.
(d) Identification: Identify the chart by the name of the city or town, or area, which the
aerodrome serves and the name of the aerodrome.
(e) Magnetic variation:
(1) A true north arrow.
(2) Magnetic variation to the nearest degree and its annual change be shown.
(f) Aerodrome data: Show this chart in a similar manner all the information on the
aerodrome/heliport chart — ICAO and the aerodrome ground movement chart — ICAO
relevant to the area depicted, including:
(1 ) Apron elevation to the nearest meter or foot;
(2 ) Aprons with aircraft stands, bearing strengths or aircraft type restrictions, lighting,
marking and other visual guidance and control aids, where applicable, including
location and type of visual docking guidance systems;
(3 ) Geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds for
aircraft stands;
(4 ) Taxiway entries with designations, including runway holding positions and stop bars;
(5 ) Geographical coordinates in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds for
appropriate taxiway center line points;
(6 ) The boundaries of the air traffic control service;
(7 ) Relevant radio communication facilities listed with their frequencies;
(8 ) Significant obstacles to taxiing;
(9 ) Aircraft servicing areas and buildings of operational significance;
(10 ) VOR checkpoint and radio frequency of the aid concerned;
(11 ) Any part of the depicted movement area permanently unsuitable for aircraft clearly
identified as such.
311.147 Operational requirements for aerodrome data

The declared distances to the nearest meter for a runway intended for use by international
commercial air transport:
(1) Take-off run available;
(2) Landing distance available.
(3) Take-off distance available;
(4) Accelerate-stop distance available; and
(5) Calculation of declared distances Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts
and instrument procedures certificate shall:
(i) Calculate the declared distances for each runway direction comprise: the
take-off run available (TORA), take-off distance available (TODA)
accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA), and landing distance available
(LDA).

(ii) Where a runway is not provided with a stop way or clearway and the
threshold is located at the extremity of the runway, the four declared
distances should normally be equal to the length of the runway,
(iii)Where a runway is provided with a clearway (CWY), then the TODA will
include the length of clearway,
(iv) Where a runway is provided with a stop way (SWY), then the ASDA will
include the Length of stop way,
(v) Where a runway has a displaced threshold, then the LDA will be reduced by the
distance the threshold is displaced, a displaced threshold affects only the LDA for
approaches made to that threshold; all declared distances operations in the
reciprocal direction are unaffected.
(vi) (vi) If a runway direction cannot be used for take-off or landing, or both,
because it is operationally forbidden, then this should be declared and the
words” not usable” or the abbreviation “NU” entered.
311.149 Obstacle restriction and removal

Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures certificate
shall determine the Obstacle limitation surfaces as follow:
(a) Conical surface:
(1) Description. Keep description as the following: Conical surface. A surface sloping
upwards and outwards from the periphery of the inner horizontal surface.
(2) Characteristics: - The limits of the conical surface shall comprise:
(i) A lower edge coincident with the periphery of the inner horizontal surface; and
(ii) An upper edge located at a specified height above the inner horizontal surface.
(iii)Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures
certificate shall measure the slope of the conical surface in a vertical plane
perpendicular to the periphery of the inner horizontal surface.
(b) Inner horizontal surface
(1) Description: keep description as follows Inner horizontal surface. A surface located in
a horizontal plane above an aerodrome and its environs.
(2) Characteristics: keep characteristics as follows: the radius or outer limits of the inner
horizontal surface shall be measured from a reference point or points established for
such purpose.
(3) Measure the height of the inner horizontal surface above an elevation datum
established for such purpose.
(c) Approach surface:
(1) Description: keep description as follows:
Approach surface: An inclined plane or combination of planes preceding the
threshold.
(2) Characteristics: keep characteristics as follows: The limits of the approach surface
shall comprise:
(i) An inner edge of specified length, horizontal and perpendicular to the extended
centerline of the runway and located at a specified distance before the threshold;
(ii) Two sides originating at the ends of the inner edge and diverging uniformly at a
specified rate from the extended center line of the runway; and
(iii)An outer edge parallel to the inner edge. The above surfaces shall be varied when
lateral offset, offset or curved approaches are utilized, specifically, two sides
originating at the ends of the inner edge and diverging uniformly at a specified
rate from the extended centerline of rate from the extended centerline of the
lateral offset, offset or curved ground track.
(3) The elevation of the inner edge be equal to the elevation of the mid-point of the
threshold.

(4) Measure the slope(s) of the approach surface in the vertical plane containing the
centerline of the runway and shall continue containing the centerline of any lateral
offset or curved ground track.
(d) Inner approach surface:
(1) Description: Keep description as follows: Inner approach surface. A rectangular
portion of the approach surface immediately preceding the threshold.
(2) Characteristics: Keep characteristics as follows: The limits of the inner approach
surface shall comprise:
(i) An inner edge coincident with the location of the inner edge of the approach
surface but of its own specified length;
(ii) Two sides originating at the ends of the inner edge and extending parallel to the
vertical plane containing the center line of the runway; and
(iii) An outer edge parallel to the inner edge.
(e) Transitional surface
(1) Description: Keep description as follows: Transitional surface. A complex surface
along the side of the strip and part of the side of the approach surface, that slopes
upwards and outwards to the inner horizontal surface
(2) Characteristics: Keep characteristics as follows: The limits of a transitional surface
shall comprise.
(i) A lower edge beginning at the intersection of the side of the approach surface
with the inner horizontal surface and
(ii) An upper edge located in the plane of the inner horizontal surface.
(3) The elevation of a point on the lower edge shall be:
(i) Along the side of the approach surface — equal to the elevation of the approach
surface at that point; and
(ii) Along the strip — equal to the elevation of the nearest point on the centerline of
the runway or its extension.
(4) The slope of the transitional surface be measured in a vertical plane at right angles to
the centerline of the runway.
(f) Inner transitional surface
(1) Description: Keep description as follows: Inner transitional surface. a surface similar
to the transitional surface but closer to the runway.
(2) Characteristics: Keep characteristics as follows: The limits of an inner transitional
(i) A lower edge beginning at the end of the inner approach surface and extending
down the side of the inner approach surface to the inner edge of that surface,
from they’re along the strip parallel to the runway centerline to the inner edge of
the balked landing surface and from they’re up the side of the balked landing
surface to the point where the side intersects the inner horizontal surface; and
(ii) An upper edge located in the plane of the inner horizontal surface.
(3) The elevation of a point on the lower edge shall be:
(i) Along the side of the inner approach surface and balked landing surface — equal
to the elevation of the particular surface at that point; and
(ii) Along the strip — equal to the elevation of the nearest point on the center line of
the runway or its extension
(4) The slope of the inner transitional surface shall be measured in a vertical plane at right
angles to the centerline of the runway.
(g) Balked landing surface:
(1) Description: keep description as follows: Balked landing surface. An inclined plane
located at a specified distance after the threshold, extending between the inner
transitional surfaces
(2) Characteristics: Keep characteristics as follows: The limits of the balked landing

(i) An inner edge horizontal and perpendicular to the centerline of the runway and
located at a specified distance after the threshold;
(ii) Two sides originating at the ends of the inner edge and diverging uniformly at a
specified rate from the vertical plane containing the center line of the runway;
and plane containing the center line of the runway; and
(iii) An outer edge parallel to the inner edge and located in the plane of the inner
horizontal surface
(3) The elevation of the inner edge shall be equal to the elevation of the runway centerline
at the location of the inner edge.
(4) The slope of the balked landing surface shall be measured in the vertical plane
containing the centerline of the runway.
(h) Take-off climb surface
(1) Description: Keep description as follows: Take-off climb surface. An inclined plane or
other specified surface beyond the end of a runway or clearway.
(2) Characteristics: Keep description as follows: The limits of the take-off climb surface
shall comprise:
(i) An inner edge horizontal and perpendicular to the center line of the runway and
located either at a specified distance beyond the end of the runway or at the end
of the clearway when such is provided and its length exceed the specified
distance.
(ii) Two sides originating at the ends of the inner edge, diverging uniformly at a
specified rate from the take-off-track to a specified final width and
continuing thereafter at that width for the remainder of the length of the
takeoff climb surface; and
(iii)An outer edge horizontal and perpendicular to the specified take-off track.
(3) The elevation of the inner edge shall be equal to the highest point on the extended
runway center line between the end of the runway and the inner edge, except that
when a clearway is provided the elevation shall be equal to the highest point on the
ground on the centerline of the clearway
(4) In the case of a straight take-off flight path, the slope of the take-off climb surface
shall be measured in the vertical plane containing the centerline of the runway.
(5) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures
certificate shall in the case of a take-off flight path involving a turn, the take-off
climb surface be a complex surface containing the horizontal normal to its center line,
and the slope of the center line shall be the same as that for a straight take-off flight
path.
311.151 Obstacle limitation requirements

(a) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures
certificate shall establish the obstacle limitation surfaces for a non-instrument runway:
(1) Conical surface;
(2) Inner horizontal surface;
(3) Approach surface; and
(4) Transitional surfaces.
(b) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures
certificate shall not make the heights and slopes of the surfaces be greater than, and their
other dimensions not less than,
(c) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures
certificate shall not make new objects or extensions of existing objects be permitted above
an approach or transitional surface except when, in the opinion of the appropriate
authority, the new object or extension would be shielded by an existing immovable object
(d) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures
certificate shall not be new objects or extensions of existing objects permitted above the

conical surface or inner horizontal surface except when, in the opinion of the appropriate
authority, the object would be shielded by an existing immovable object, or after
aeronautical study it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or
significantly affect the regularity of operations of aero planes.
(e) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures
certificate shall as far as practicable remove existing objects above any of the surfaces
except when, in the opinion of the appropriate authority, the object is shielded by an
existing immovable object, or after aeronautical study it is determined that the object
would not adversely affect the safety or significantly.
311.153 Non-precision approach runways

(a) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures
certificate shall determine the obstacle limitation surfaces for a non-precision approach
runway
(1) Conical surface;
(2) Inner horizontal surface;
(3) Approach surface; and
(4) Transitional surfaces.
(b) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures
certificate shall not the heights and slopes of the surfaces be greater than, and their other
dimensions not less than, those specified in Table below, except in the case of the
horizontal section of the approach surface.
(c) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and instrument procedures
certificate shall be the approach surface horizontal beyond the point at which the 2.5
percent slope intersects:
(1) A horizontal plane 150 m above the threshold elevation; or
(2) The horizontal plane passing through the top of any object that governs the obstacle
that governs the obstacle clearance altitude/height (OCA/H); which ever is the higher?
311.155 Dimensions and slopes of obstacle limitation surfaces —Approach runways

shall determined dimensions and slopes of obstacle limitation surfaces —Approach runways
as follows:-
(a) Approach runways
RUNWAY CLASSIFICATION
Non-precision approach Precision approach category
Surface and dimensions Non-instrument Code number Code number I , II or III
Code number
1 2 3 4 1.2 3 4 1.2 3.4 3.4
CONICL
Slope 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
Height 35 m 55 m 75 m 100 m 60 m 75 m 100 m 60 m 100 m 100 m
INNER
HORIZONTAL 45 m 45 m 45 m 45 m 45 m 45 m 45 m 45 m 45 m 45 m
Height 2000m 2500m 4000m 4000m 3500m 4000m 4000m 3500m 4000m 4000m
slope
INNER APPRAOCH
Width __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 90 m 120 m 120 m
Distance form threshold __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 60 m 60 m 60 m
Length __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 900 m 900 m 900 m
Slope 2.5% 2% 2%

APPRAOCH
Length of inner edge 60 m 80 m 150 m 150 m 300 m 300 m 300 m 150 m 300 m 300 m
Distance form threshold 30 m 60 m 60 m 60 m 60 m 60 m 60 m 60 m 60 m 60 m
Divergence (each side) 10% 10% 10% 10% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15 %
First section
Length 1600m 2500m 3000m 3000m 2500m 3000m 3000m 3000m 3000m 3000m
Slope 5% 4% 3.33% 2.5% 3.33% 2% 2% 2.5% 2% 2%
Second section
Length __ __ __ __ __ 3600mb 3600mb 12000m 3600mb 3600mb
Slope __ __ __ __ __ 2.5% 2.5% 3% 2.5% 2.5%
Horizontal section
Length __ __ __ __ __ 84oo mb 84oo mb __ 84oo mb 84oo mb
Total length __ __ __ __ __ 15000m 15000m 15000m 15000m 15000m
TRANSITIONAL
Slope 20% 20% 14.3% 14.3% 20% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3% 14.3%
INNER
TRANSITIONAL __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 40% 33.3% 33.3%
Slope
BALKED LANDING
SURFACE __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 90m 120 m 120 m
Length of inner edge __ __ __ __ __ __ __ c 1800 mb 1800 mb
Distance form __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 10% 10% 10%
threshold __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4% 3.33% 3.33%
Divergence (each side)
Slope
(1) All dimensions are measured horizontally unless specified otherwise.

(2) Variable length
(3) Distance to the end of strip.
(4) Or end of runway whichever is less.
311.157 Precision approach terrain chart – ICAO

Availability The Precision Approach Terrain Chart — ICAO shall be made available for all
precision approach runways Categories II and III at aerodromes used by international civil
aviation, except where the requisite information is provided in the Aerodrome Terrain and
Obstacle Chart — ICAO (Electronic) in accordance with Chapter 5.
311.159 Establishing instrument approach procedures (conventional)

shall certificate shall establish an appropriate Instrument APCH procedures (conventional)
approved by the ECAA (according to the acceptable level of safety and safety objectives
applicable to the provision of establishing an Instrument APCH procedures (conventional) in
the EAC 311/1) to ensure that safety is maintained in the provision of ATS with in its airspace
and at its aerodrome.
311.161 Establishing RNAV procedures

shall certificate shall establish an appropriate RNAV procedures approved by the ECAA
(according to the acceptable level of safety and safety objectives applicable to the provision of
establishing an RNAV procedures in the EAC 311/2) to ensure that safety is maintained in the
provision of ATS with in its airspace and at its aerodrome.
311.163 Control zones

(a) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and Instrument Procedures certificate
shall make The lateral limits of control zones to encompass at least those portions of the
airspace, which are not within control areas, containing the paths of IFR flights arriving at
and departing from aerodromes to be used under instrument meteorological conditions.
(b) Each applicant for the grant of an aeronautical charts and Instrument Procedures certificate
shall make the lateral limits of a control zone to extend to at least 9.3 km (5 NM) from the
center of the aerodrome or aerodromes concerned in the directions from which approaches
may be made.
(c) (c) If a control zone is located within the lateral limits of a control area, each applicant for
the grant of an aeronautical charts and Instrument Procedures certificate shall make it to
extend upwards from the surface of the earth to at least the lower limit of the control area.
311.165 Establishing VOR and NDB routes

shall certificate shall establish an appropriate VOR and NDB route approved by the ECAA
establishing an VOR and NDB route in the EAC 311/3) to ensure that safety is maintained in
the provision of ATS with in its airspace and at its aerodrome.
311.167 Establishing RNAV /RNP routes

shall certificate shall establish an appropriate RNAV /RNP route approved by the ECAA
establishing an RNAV /RNP route in the EAC 311/4) to ensure that safety is maintained in the
provision of ATS with in its airspace and at its aerodrome.
311.169 WORLD AERONAUTICAL CHART — ICAO 1:1 000 000

Function this chart shall provide information to satisfy the requirements of visual air
navigation.
Note. — This chart may also serve:
(a) As a basic aeronautical chart:
(1) When highly specialized charts lacking visual information do not provide essential data;
(2) To provide complete world coverage at a constant scale with a uniform presentation of
plan metric data;
(3) In the production of other charts required by international civil aviation;
(b) As a pre-flight planning chart.
Availability The World Aeronautical Chart — ICAO 1:1 000 000 shall be made available in
the manner prescribed in 1.3.2 for all areas delineated in Appendix 5. Note.— When
operational or chart production considerations indicate that operational requirements can be
effectively satisfied by Aeronautical Charts — ICAO 1:500 000 or Aeronautical Navigation
Charts — ICAO Small Scale, either of these charts may be made available instead of the basic
1:1 000 000 chart.
Projection the projections shall be as follows:
(a) Between the Equator and 80° latitude: the Lambert conformal conic projection, in separate
bands for each tier of charts. The standard parallels for each 4° band shall be 40' south of
the northern parallel and 40' north of the southern parallel;
(b) between 80° and 90° latitude: the Polar stereographic projection with scale matching that of
the Lambert conformal conic projection at latitude 80°, except that in the northern
hemisphere the Lambert conformal conic projection may be used between 80° and 84°
latitude and the Polar stereographic projection between 84° and 90° with the scales
matching at 84° North.
Culture and topography

Built-up areas Cities, towns and villages shall be selected and shown according to their relative
importance to visual air navigation.
Boundaries International boundaries shall be shown. UN demarcated and undefined boundaries
shall be distinguished by descriptive notes.












APPENDIX (5)





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Arab Republic of Egypt ECAR Part 311

Ministry of Civil Aviation

Page 2 Dated Jan., 2018 Issue 6, Rev. 0

311.137 Standard departure chart — instrument (SID) — ICAO

Issue 6, Rev. 0 Dated Jan., 2018 Page 3

Page 4 Dated Jan., 2018 Issue 6, Rev. 0

311.5 Application for certification

311.7 Issuance of certificate

311.11 Duration of certificate

311.13 Renewal of certificate

311.14 ECAA Inspection Authority

311.15 Enforcement issues

Page 6 Dated Jan., 2018 Issue 6, Rev. 0

311.17 Withdrawal or change in level of service

311.19 Provisional approval

311.21 Transfer of service

311.23 Display of certificate

311.25 Register of certificates

Issue 6, Rev. 0 Dated Jan., 2018 Page 7

311.29 Approval Criteria for PANS OPS

311.31 Validation Of Instrument Flight Procedures

311.33 - 311.49 [Reserved]

Page 8 Dated Jan., 2018 Issue 6, Rev. 0

311.51 Personnel requirements

311.53 Collection of information

311.55 Preparation of aeronautical chart

Issue 6, Rev. 0 Dated Jan., 2018 Page 9

311.57 Correction in published information

Page 10 Dated Jan., 2018 Issue 6, Rev. 0

Issue 6, Rev. 0 Dated Jan., 2018 Page 11

311.68 Training record

311.69 Operations manuals

311.71 Contingency plan

311.73 RE – qualification requirements

311.75 - 311.99 [Reserved]

Page 12 Dated Jan., 2018 Issue 6, Rev. 0

311.101 Operational requirements for charts

311.105 Miscellaneous information

Issue 6, Rev. 0 Dated Jan., 2018 Page 13

311.109 Units of measurement

311.111 Scale and projection

311.113 Date of validity of aeronautical information

311.115 Spelling of geographical names

311.119 Political boundaries

Page 14 Dated Jan., 2018 Issue 6, Rev. 0

311.123 Prohibited, restricted and danger areas

311.125 Air traffic services airspaces

311.127 Magnetic variation

311.129 Aeronautical data

Issue 6, Rev. 0 Dated Jan., 2018 Page 15

311.131 World Geodetic System — 1984 (WGS-84)

311.133 Aerodrome obstacle chart — ICAO type A (operating limitations)

Page 16 Dated Jan., 2018 Issue 6, Rev. 0

Issue 6, Rev. 0 Dated Jan., 2018 Page 17

Page 18 Dated Jan., 2018 Issue 6, Rev. 0

311.135 En route chart — ICAO

Issue 6, Rev. 0 Dated Jan., 2018 Page 19

Page 20 Dated Jan., 2018 Issue 6, Rev. 0

Issue 6, Rev. 0 Dated Jan., 2018 Page 21