Energyplus™ Version 9.3.0 Documentation: U.S. Department of Energy
Energyplus™ Version 9.3.0 Documentation: U.S. Department of Energy
Energyplus™ Version 9.3.0 Documentation: U.S. Department of Energy
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COPYRIGHT (c) 1996-2020 THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS,
THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA THROUGH THE ERNEST ORLANDO
LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY, OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY,
MANAGED BY UT-BATTELLE, ALLIANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, LLC, AND OTHER
CONTRIBUTORS. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS MATERIAL MAY BE REPRO-
DUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRIT-
TEN PERMISSION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS OR THE ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE
BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY. ENERGYPLUS IS A TRADEMARK OF THE US DEPART-
MENT OF ENERGY.
Contents
2
Chapter 1
3
4 CHAPTER 1. NOTICES AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Portions of EnergyPlus related to the models for EMPD moisture calculations, DX coils, fur-
nace/unitary systems, air-to-air heat pumps, changeover-bypass VAV systems, packaged terminal
heat pumps, cooling towers, AirflowNetwork, refrigerated cases, reformulated and electric EIR
chillers, desuperheater air and water heating coils, heat pump water heaters, desiccant and generic
air-to-air heat exchangers, window screens, and thermal comfort controls were developed by Uni-
versity of Central Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), 1679 Clearlake Road, Cocoa,
FL 32922, www.fsec.ucf.edu/.
Portions of the refrigeration model and the exhaust-fired absorption chiller model were developed
by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831.
Portions of EnergyPlus were developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),
1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401.
Portions of EnergyPlus related to transformer losses model, autosizing calculations, life cycle
costing and chemical battery storage model were developed by Pacific Northwest National Labora-
tory (PNNL), P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352.
EnergyPlus v1.0.1, v1.0.2, v1.0.3, v1.1, v1.1.1 (Wintel platform) included a link to TRNSYS
(The Transient Energy System Simulation Tool) for photovoltaic calculations developed by Thermal
Energy System Specialists, 2916 Marketplace Drive, Suite 104, Madison, WI 53719; Tel: (608) 274-
2577. EnergyPlus v1.2 and later includes Photovoltaic calculations implemented in EnergyPlus
by Thermal Energy System Specialists. This model was originally developed by Oystein Ulleberg,
Institute for Energy Technology, Norway – based on the Duffie and Beckman equivalent one-diode
model.
Portions of this software package that convert certain stand-alone heat transfer models for
slab-on-grade and basement foundations were developed by William Bahnfleth, Cynthia Cogil, and
Edward Clements, Department of Architectural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 224
Engineering Unit A, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-1416, (814) 863-2076.
The concept and initial implementation for the EnergyPlus COM/DLL version (Wintel plat-
form) was made possible through cooperation with DesignBuilder Software, Ltd, Andy Tindale –
an EnergyPlus collaborative developer.
The thickness, conductivity, density and specific heat values of the material layers for the
constructions in the Composite Wall Construction reference data set have been taken from the
ASHRAE report “Modeling Two- and Three-Dimensional Heat Transfer through Composite Wall
and Roof Assemblies in Hourly Energy Simulation Programs (1145-TRP),” by Enermodal Engi-
neering Limited, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the Polish Academy of Sciences, January
2001.
EnergyPlus v1.2 and later versions contains DELight2, a simulation engine for daylighting and
electric lighting system analysis developed at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Labora-
tory.
EnergyPlus v1.2.2 through v3.1 contained links to SPARK, a simulation engine for detailed sys-
tem modeling developed at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in conjunction
with Ayres Sowell Associates, Inc.
The airflow calculation portion of the EnergyPlus AirflowNetwork model was based on AIR-
NET written by George Walton of the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST),
100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899. The EnergyPlus AirflowNetwork model also includes
portions of stack effect and detailed large opening from an early version of COMIS (Conjunction Of
Multizone Infiltration Specialists) developed by a multinational, multi-institutional effort under the
auspices of the International Energy Agency’s Buildings and Community Systems Agreement work-
1.1. COPYRIGHT NOTICE 5
ing group focusing on multizone air flow modeling (Annex 23) and now administered by the Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA), Division 175, Uberlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland.
The EnergyPlus model for displacement ventilation and cross-ventilation (version v1.2 and later)
was developed by Guilherme Carrilho da Graca (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engi-
neering, University of California, San Diego and NaturalWorks) and Paul Linden (Department of
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego).
The EnergyPlus models for UFAD served zones were developed by Anna Liu and Paul Linden
at the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego.
ASHRAE research project 1254-RP supported the development of the following features first
added in EnergyPlus v1.2.2:
• New set point managers: SET POINT MANAGER:SINGLE ZONE HEATING, SET POINT
MANAGER:SINGLE ZONE COOLING, and SET POINT MANAGER:OUTSIDE AIR PRE-
TREAT
– COIL:DX:MultiMode:CoolingEmpirical
American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie
Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 303291 . Work performed by GARD Analytics, Inc., 115 S. Wilke Road,
Suite 105, Arlington Heights, IL, USA2 , November 2004. These items were renamed in V3.0 to:
• SetpointManager:SingleZone:Heating
• SetpointManager:SingleZone:Cooling
• SetpointManager:OutdoorAirPretreat
• Coil:Cooling:DX:TwoStageWithHumidityControlMode
• Dehumidifier:Desiccant:NoFans
The Ecoroof (Green Roof) model, first introduced in EnergyPlus v2.0, was developed at Portland
State University, by David Sailor and his students. It is based on the FASST vegetation models
developed by Frankenstein and Koenig for the US Army Corps of Engineers.
The HAMT (Heat And Moisture Transfer) model, first introduced in EnergyPlus v3.0.0 was
developed by Phillip Biddulph, Complex Built Environment Systems, The Bartlett School of Grad-
uate Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
http://www.cbes.ucl.ac.uk/.
1
http://www.ashrae.org/
2
urlinfo@gard.com; http://www.gard.com/
6 CHAPTER 1. NOTICES AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The SQLite output module, first introduced in EnergyPlus v3.0.0, was developed by Gregory B.
Stark, P.E., Building Synergies, LLC, 1860 Washington Street, Suite 208, Denver, Colorado 80203,
United States.
Refrigeration compressor performance data and refrigeration practices were provided by CDH
Energy, Cazenovia, NY 12035.
The external interface was developed by Michael Wetter and Philip Haves (Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory) and by Rui Zhang (Carnegie Mellon University). An earlier upgrade to
a development version of EnergyPlus 3.0 was implemented by Charles Corbin, Anthony Florita,
Gregor Henze and Peter May-Ostendorp (University of Colorado at Boulder).
Various suggestions for time reduction, improved documentation and other items have been
incorporated from Autodesk, Inc., Bentley Systems, and others.
Particular recognition goes to Noel Keen (LBNL Computational Research Division) and Geof
Sawaya (Oak Ridge National Laboratory fellow) who have done extensive profiling and creation of
time reduction features that have gone into the code.
Second Law modified the WaterToAirHeatPump:EquationFit module to include the variable
“WaterCyclingMode”. This variable determines whether the heat pump water flow is constant,
whether it cycles with the compressor, or whether it is constant when the heat pump is active.
WaterFlowMode is set by the HVAC wrapper object; either ZoneHVAC:WaterToAirHeatPump or
AirLoopHVAC:UnitaryHeatPump:WaterToAir. Second Law, Burlington, VT, Karen Walkerman.
NOTICE: The U.S. Government is granted for itself and others acting on its behalf a paid-up,
nonexclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license in this data to reproduce, prepare derivative works, and
perform publicly and display publicly. Beginning five (5) years after permission to assert copyright
is granted, subject to two possible five year renewals, the U.S. Government is granted for itself and
others acting on its behalf a paid-up, non-exclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in this data to
reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, perform publicly and display
publicly, and to permit others to do so.
TRADEMARKS: EnergyPlus is a trademark of the US Department of Energy.
To compile all files and run the test program, follow the instructions given at the top of Make-
file.in. In short “./configure; make test”, and if that goes well, “make install” should work for
most flavors of Unix. For Windows, use one of the special makefiles in win32/ or contrib/vstudio/
. For VMS, use make_vms.com. Questions about zlib should be sent to <zlib@gzip.org>, or
to Gilles Vollant <info@winimage.com> for the Windows DLL version. The zlib home page is
http://zlib.net/ . Before reporting a problem, please check this site to verify that you have the
latest version of zlib; otherwise get the latest version and check whether the problem still exists or
not.
PLEASE read the zlib FAQ http://zlib.net/zlib_faq.html before asking for help.
Mark Nelson <markn@ieee.org> wrote an article about zlib for the Jan. 1997 issue of
3
Dr. Dobb’s Journal; a copy of the article is available online .
The changes made in version 1.2.5 are documented in the file ChangeLog.
Unsupported third party contributions are provided in directory contrib/ .
zlib is available in Java using the java.util.zip package, documented online4 .
A Perl interface to zlib written by Paul Marquess <pmqs@cpan.org> is available at CPAN
(Comprehensive Perl Archive Network) sites, including http://search.cpan.org/pmqs/IO-Compress-
Zlib/.
A Python interface to zlib written by A.M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca> is available in Python 1.5
and later versions, see http://www.python.org/doc/lib/module-zlib.html.
zlib is built into tcl: http://wiki.tcl.tk/4610 .
An experimental package to read and write files in .zip format, written on top of zlib by Gilles
Vollant <info@winimage.com>, is available in the contrib/minizip directory of zlib.
Notes for some targets:
• For 64-bit Irix, deflate.c must be compiled without any optimization. With -O, one libpng
test fails. The test works in 32 bit mode (with the -n32 compiler flag). The compiler bug
has been reported to SGI.
• zlib doesn’t work with gcc 2.6.3 on a DEC 3000/300LX under OSF/1 2.1 it works when
compiled with cc.
• On Digital Unix 4.0D (formely OSF/1) on AlphaServer, the cc option -std1 is necessary to
get gzprintf working correctly. This is done by configure.
• zlib doesn’t work on HP-UX 9.05 with some versions of /bin/cc. It works with other compilers.
Use “make test” to check your compiler.
Acknowledgments:
3
http://marknelson.us/1997/01/01/zlib-engine/
4
http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/Programming/compression/
8 CHAPTER 1. NOTICES AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The deflate format used by zlib was defined by Phil Katz. The deflate and zlib specifications
were written by L. Peter Deutsch. Thanks to all the people who reported problems and suggested
various improvements in zlib; they are too numerous to cite here.
Copyright notice:
(C) 1995-2010 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler
This software is provided ‘as-is’, without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the
authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial
applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote
the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as
being the original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
If you use the zlib library in a product, we would appreciate *not* receiving lengthy legal
documents to sign. The sources are provided for free but without warranty of any kind. The
library has been entirely written by Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler; it does not include third-
party code.
If you redistribute modified sources, we would appreciate that you include in the file ChangeLog
history information documenting your changes. Please read the FAQ for more information on the
distribution of modified source versions.
• Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions
and the following disclaimer.
• Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of con-
ditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY QTRONIC GMBH “AS IS” AND ANY EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WAR-
RANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL QTRONIC GMBH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (IN-
CLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SER-
VICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LI-
ABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote
the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product
documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as
being the original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
5
http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.html
10 CHAPTER 1. NOTICES AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or withoutmodification, are permitted
provided that the following conditions are met:
• Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions
and the following disclaimer.
• Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of con-
ditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
with the distribution.
• Neither the name of the copyright holders nor the names of its contributors may be used
to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission.
on its behalf a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license in the Software to reproduce,
prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, perform publicly and display publicly, and
to permit others to do so.
Modified BSD License agreement
Functional Mock-up Unit for Co-Simulation Import in EnergyPlus Copyright (c) 2012, The
Regents of the University of California, through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (subject
to receipt of any required approvals from the U.S. Dept. of Energy). All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
provided that the following conditions are met:
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
the following disclaimer.
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of condi-
tions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
Neither the name of the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S.
Dept. of Energy nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBU-
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You are under no obligation whatsoever to provide any bug fixes, patches, or upgrades to the
features, functionality or performance of the source code (“Enhancements”) to anyone; however, if
you choose to make your Enhancements available either publicly, or directly to Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, without imposing a separate written license agreement for such Enhancements,
then you hereby grant the following license: a non-exclusive, royalty-free perpetual license to install,
use, modify, prepare derivative works, incorporate into other computer software, distribute, and
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reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, perform publicly and display
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Copyright (c) 2013, The Regents of the University of California, Department of Energy contract-
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All rights reserved.
1. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
provided that the following conditions are met:
(1) Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright notice, this list of conditions and the
following disclaimer.
(2) Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the copyright notice, this list of conditions
and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
(3) Neither the name of the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
U.S. Dept. of Energy nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICU-
LAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EX-
EMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PRO-
CUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIA-
BILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLI-
GENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
3. You are under no obligation whatsoever to provide any bug fixes, patches, or upgrades to
the features, functionality or performance of the source code (“Enhancements”) to anyone;
1.3. OTHER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 13
however, if you choose to make your Enhancements available either publicly, or directly to
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, without imposing a separate written license agree-
ment for such Enhancements, then you hereby grant the following license: a non-exclusive,
royalty-free perpetual license to install, use, modify, prepare derivative works, incorporate into
other computer software, distribute, and sublicense such enhancements or derivative works
thereof, in binary and source code form.
(1) Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions
and the following disclaimer.
(2) Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of con-
ditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
with the distribution.
(3) Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used
to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written
permission from the copyright holders.
The ice thermal storage module development was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability.
The HAMT (Heat And Moisture Transfer) model was supported by the Engineering and Physical
Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), the UK government agency for funding research and training
in engineering and the physical sciences.
The SQLite output module was funded by Building Synergies, LLC and was made possible by
inclusion of software code from the SQLite project (http://www.sqlite.org/).