SCIENCE

9
LEARNING
MODULE
QUARTER 1
WEEK 1, MONDAY 7:30-9:30
9:45-11:45
NAME:
____________________________________________________

GRADE/SEC.:
______________________________________________

SCHOOL: _________________________________________________

Module 1
Living Things and Their Environment

Topic: “THE HUMAN BREATHING SYSTEM’

Objectives:

 Explain how the respiratory and circulatory system work together to transport nutrients,
gases and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body.

The human respiratory system consists of specialized structures whose function is to

take in oxygen from the surrounding environment and expel carbon dioxide from the body. The
primary organ involved in this process is the lung and each individual contains a right and a left
lung. The right lung consists of three lobes and two fissures while the slightly smaller left lung
contains two lobes and one fissure.

The lungs are found in the thoracic cavity of our body (chest region). Air passes into the
nose and through the nasal cavity until it gets into the pharynx. From the pharynx, it travels into
the larynx. The opening of the larynx contains a cartilaginous flap called the epiglottis that can
close to prevent food from moving into the air passageway. From the larynx, the air moves into
the trachea (commonly known as the wind pipe), which connects to the left and right bronchi.
 The bronchi in each lung split into tiny airways called bronchioles. These bronchioles
terminate at balloon-like structures called alveoli. Below the lungs is a skeletal muscle called
diaphragm, which is involved in breathing. The lungs are actually fitted inside a double-layered
serous membrane that protects and lubricates the lungs. This serous membrane is called the
pleura - the outer membrane of the pleura is called the parietal pleura and the inner membrane
of the pleura is called the visceral pleura. Between these two pleurae is the intra pleural space
(also known as the pleural cavity) that contains a special fluid that lubricates the lungs and
decreases the friction the lungs feel every time they contract and expand.

Motivation

What a Bunch of Lanzones!

Materials:

Bunch of lanzones (or any other bunch of fruits)

Procedure:

1. Hold up the bunch of lanzones. Let the bunch of lanzones represent the breathing
system.
2. Locate the parts of breathing system: the main stem as the trachea, the large branching
stems as the bronchi, and all the little stems as the bronchioles. The individual lanzones
are the air sacs or alveoli.
3. One by one, gently take out some of the lanzones to expose more of the branching stem
or the (bronchioles). Observe its structure.
4. Trace the pathway of oxygen using the “Bunch of Lanzones” model. Note that air moves
from the nose(nasal cavity and mouth) oral cavity to the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
and then into the alveoli(air sacs). The air we breathe carries the gas oxygen. When we
breathe, the oxygen goes to the lungs.
Part B

Procedure:

Refer to the diagram, and check your understanding of the Breathing system by labeling
each part and giving its functions in the box corresponding to the part.

Questions:
 Q1. What does each part of the “Bunch of Lanzones” model represents, in the relation to
the breathing system?

Q2. How will you describe the pathway of oxygen in the breathing system?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

Q3. What will happen if one part of the system fails to carry out its function properly?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Discussion

Respiratory System

What Is the Respiratory System?

The respiratory system is the organs and other parts of your body involved in
breathing, when you exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The respiratory system is responsible for getting oxygen from the atmosphere
and bringing it to our lungs

Parts of the Respiratory System:

Trachea - also called windpipe; a hollow tube that serves as passageway of air into the
lungs
Bronchi - also called bronchial tubes; two branching tubes that connect the trachea to
the lungs
Nose – the organ through which the air enters and is filtered
Nasal passages – serve as channel for airflow through the nose in which the air is
warmed, cleaned, and moistened.
 Alveoli - also called air sacs; allow the gas exchange in lungs.
Bronchioles – the finer subdivisions of the bronchi; hair like tubes that connect to the
alveoli.

How Do We Breathe?
Breathing starts when you inhale air into your nose or mouth. It travels down the back of
your throat and into your windpipe, which is divided into air passages called bronchial
tubes. For your lungs to perform their best, these airways need to be open.  They should
be free from inflammation or swelling and extra mucus. As the bronchial tubes pass
through your lungs, they divide into smaller air passages called bronchioles. The bronchioles
end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called alveoli. Your body has about 600 million alveoli.
The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Here,
oxygen from inhaled air passes into your blood.
After absorbing oxygen, blood goes to your heart. Your heart then pumps it through
your body to the cells of your tissues and organs.

As the cells use the oxygen, they make carbon dioxide that goes into your blood. Your
blood then carries the carbon dioxide back to your lungs, where it’s removed from your body
when you exhale. Inhalation and Exhalation
Inhalation and exhalation are how your body brings in oxygen and gets rid of carbon
dioxide. The process gets help from a large dome-shaped muscle under your lungs called the
diaphragm.
When you breathe in, your diaphragm pulls downward, creating a vacuum that causes a
rush of air into your lungs.
The opposite happens with exhalation: Your diaphragm relaxes upward, pushing on your
lungs, allowing them to deflate.

How Does the Respiratory System Clean the Air?

Your respiratory system has built-in methods to keep harmful
things in the air from entering your lungs.
Hairs in your nose help filter out large particles. Tiny hairs,
called cilia, along your air passages move in a sweeping motion to keep
the passages clean. But if you breathe in harmful things like cigarette
smoke, the cilia can stop working. This can lead to health problems
like bronchitis.
 Cells in your trachea and bronchial tubes make mucus that keeps air passages moist and
helps keep things like dust, bacteria and viruses, and allergy-causing things out of your lungs.
Mucus can bring up things that reach deeper into your lungs. You then cough out or
swallow them.

TAKE NOTE
The air we breathe goes through the nose, nasal passages, and then through trachea or
windpipe, which separates into two branches, called bronchial tubes or bronchi, one entering
each lung. The bronchi subdivide many times inside the lungs, analogous to the branching
pattern of grapes, finally becoming hair like tubes called bronchioles. In the last part of the
terminal bronchioles are tiny bubble-like bunch of structures called alveoli or air sacs.

Activity 1
Bottled Cellophane

Materials:

1 two-liter empty plastic bottle 1 sturdy straw 1 pair of scissors

3 cellophanes (1big, 2small) 5 rubber bands/Tie box

Procedure:
1. Using a pair of scissors, cut the bottom out of the 2-liter plastic bottle.
2. Create two holes that are apart from each other in the cap of plastic bottle. Make sure
that each hole is just big enough for straw to fit through.
3. Stick the two straw through the two holes of the bottle cap.
4. Place one cellophane on the end of each straw, and secure them with rubber bands, as
shown in the figure below.

5. Stick the cellophane ends of the straw through the bottle

opening and screw the lid on tightly.
 6. Stretch out the larger cellophane and place it over the open bottom of the bottle.
Secure it with the rubber band as tightly as possible. Refer to the diagram of the finished
lung model below.

7. Pull the larger cellophane down; that is away from the bottle, in order to blow up the
two small cellophane.
8. Push the larger cellophane towards the bottle in order to let the air out of the two small
cellophane.
9. Write down your observations.

Questions:

1. What does each part of the constructed lung model represent?

2. What happens as you pull down the cellophane at the bottom of the model?

_____________________________________________________________________
3. What happens as you push up the cellophanes?

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4. How does the movement of the diaphragm cause air to go in and out the lungs?

_____________________________________________________________________
5. What may happen if you prick the cellophane?

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 Generalization
When you breathe in, or inhale, the diaphragm muscle contracts. Inhaling moves
the diaphragm down and expands the chest cavity. Simultaneously, the ribs move up
and increase the size of the chest cavity. There is now more space and less air
pressure inside the lungs. Air pushes in from the outside where there is a higher air
pressure. It pushes into the lungs where there is a lower pressure. When you
breathe out, or exhale, the diaphragm muscle relaxes. The diaphragm and ribs
return to their original place. The chest cavity returns to its original size. There is
now less space and greater air pressure inside the lungs. It pushes the air outside
where there is lower air pressure.

Why do we believe that life is possible only on planets where oxygen is present? Oxygen
is necessary for life to exist. Without it, the cells in the body would not be able to release the
energy in food for power, and they would die within minutes. When you inhale air, your
respiratory system gets oxygen. When you exhale, carbon dioxide is released.

Activity 2
Just Go with the Flow!

Materials:

paper strips marking pen/ ball pen

rope or ribbon chalk/charcoal

Procedure:
1. Perform the activity.
2. Label the different areas in the outdoor setting as; lungs¸ left atrium, left ventricle,
arteries, capillary, veins, right ventricle and right atrium.
3. Using the marking pen/ ball pen, write down the word oxygen on as many paper strips
as you can and place them in the lung area. The capillary area should have papers with
carbon dioxide written on them.
 4. Using the chalk/charcoal to mark and define the different areas such as what is given in
the diagram below.

Questions:

Q1. How do the heart and the lungs work together?

Q2. What takes place when you inhale and exhale?

Q3. What does blood deliver to every part of the body?

Q4. Why is oxygen important to your body?

 Q5. Describe the sequence of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and blood flow in your own

Generalization

Air first enters your lungs and then into the left part of your heart. It is then driven by your
heart into the bloodstream, all the way through your body. The heart pumps blood, which
transports essentials nutrients, oxygen, and other chemicals to every cell in your body. Once it
reaches the cells, oxygen processes the nutrients to release energy. Carbon dioxide is given off
during this process. The blood delivers carbon dioxide into the right portion of your heart, from
which it is pumped to the lungs. Carbon dioxide leaves your body through the lungs when you
exhale.

Evaluation

A. Arrange the following activities according to the degree they require you to
consume the oxygen. 5 being the highest and 1 the lowest. Assume that each activity
is done for 10 minutes

______________Writing your notebook

______________Playing basketball

______________Singing
______________Walking

______________Harvesting

Explain your answer.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________.

B. Explain the following Question?

1. What is the function of respiratory system?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________.
SCIENCE
9
LEARNING
MODULE
QUARTER 1
WEEK 2, MONDAY 7:30-9:30
9:45-11:45
NAME:
____________________________________________________

GRADE/SEC.:
______________________________________________

SCHOOL: _________________________________________________

Topic: “THE HUMAN BREATHING SYSTEM’

Objectives:

 Explain how the respiratory and circulatory system work together to transport nutrients,
gases and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body.

The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System is the life support structure that nourishes your cells with food
and oxygen. It also carries away the waste products. The circulatory system can be compared to
a complex arrangement of highways, avenues and lanes connecting all the cells together into a
neighborhood. Sequentially, the community of cells sustains the body to stay alive.

The following are the three major parts of the circulatory system, with their roles:

1. Heart – pumps the blood throughout the body

2. Blood vessel – carries the blood throughout the body
Arteries - carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the cells, tissues, and
organs of the body
Veins – carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
 Capillaries - the smallest blood vessels in the body, connecting the smallest arteries
to the smallest veins
- the actual site where gases and nutrients are exchanged
3. Blood – carries the materials throughout the body

Circulation

Types of Circulation Description Diagram

1. Pulmonary Movement of the blood
circulation from the heart to the
lungs, and back to the
heart.

2. Coronary circulation Movement of blood

through tissues of the
heart
 3. Systemic circulation Movement of blood from
the heart to the rest of the
body, excluding the lungs

Activity 1

Lets Organize!

Procedure:
Using the given graphic organizer, fill in the missing parts, description, and functions to
complete the entire concept.

The Human Heart

Figure 1 Photo of an actual Heart

The heart is a hollow muscle, as seen in Figure 1, which is just as big as the fist. It has
four chambers with specific tasks to do: two ventricles and two atria. The atria are the receiving
chambers of the heart, accepting blood from the body (right atrium) and from the lungs (left
atrium). The ventricles are the pumping chambers, moving blood to the lungs (right ventricle)
and into the body (left ventricle).

The heart has two pumps. Each pump has two chambers, the upper and lower
chambers. The upper chamber is the atrium that receives blood coming in from the veins. The
lower chamber is the ventricle that forces the blood out into the arteries. There is a valve
between each atrium and ventricle to prevent the blood from flowing backwards. The valves
are like one-way doors that keep the blood moving in only one
direction. Valves control movement of blood into the heart
chambers and out to the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Refer to
Figure 2.

All of the muscle tissues of the heart do not contract at the

same time. Different parts of the heart contract at different times.
When the top portion contracts, the bottom part relaxes. When
the bottom contracts, the top relaxes. When a chamber Figure 2 The Major divisions of the heart
contracts, it becomes smaller and the blood inside gets squeezed
or pumped out.

Questions:

Q1. Explain how the heart works.

____________________________________________________________

Q2. Evaluate how the heart can be compared to a mechanical pump.

Activity 2

Pump It!

Materials:
 1 Big Plastic Bottle or wide mouthed jar 1 large pan or sink
1 balloon adhesive tape
2 flexible drinking straws water
1 pair of scissors Rubber band
Procedure:
1. Fill the plastic bottle half of a water.
2. Cut the neck of the balloon/cellophane off at the part where it starts to widen into a
balloon.
Set the neck part aside to be used later on.
3. Stretch the balloon over the opening of the jar, pulling it down as tightly as you can. The
flatter you can get the surface of the balloon, the better.
4. Carefully poke two holes in the surface of the balloon. Make them about an inch apart
from each other and near opposite edges of the jar.
5. Stick the long part of a straw into each hole. The straws should fit securely in the holes
so no air can get through around the straws.
6. Slide the uncut end of the balloon neck onto of the straws and tape it around the straw.
7. Set your pump in a large pan or the sink to catch the pumped water. Bend the straws
downward. Gently press in the center of the stretched balloon and watch what happens
to the water in the jar.
8. Refer to the photo below to know what your setup must look like.

Questions:

1. What does the water inside the jar represent?

2. How will you compare the heart pump model and the human heart?

3. How does the heart function as the heart?

4. Will the heart model be able to function properly if the straw is blocked? Explain your
answer.

Generalization
The heart is a hollow muscular organ, about the size of fist, which is located in the center
of your chest between the lungs. It is double pump that pumps on the left and right sides. Every
side is divided into two chambers, the atrium and the ventricle, each of which has left and right
portion, totaling to four chambers altogether. The top chamber is the atrium (plural: atria). The
bottom chamber is called the ventricle. The valve acts as one-way doo, allowing blood to flow
either forward into the next chamber, or out of the heart.

Discussion
How Respiratory and Circulatory system work together?
-The human respiratory and circulatory systems work together to supply the body with
oxygen and get rid of waste carbon dioxide. While the former deals with air and the latter with
blood, they work together seamlessly by coordinating the functions of the many parts of each
system. Other systems in the body, such as the digestive system and the nervous system, are
important too, but the circulatory and respiratory systems have to work continuously, usually
without pausing even for a few minutes.

-The circulatory and respiratory systems absorb oxygen from the air and transfer it to all
parts of the body while absorbing carbon dioxide from the body and releasing it into the air.
When a person inhales, the lungs expand and fill with fresh air. The respiratory system interacts
with the circulatory system to transfer oxygen from fresh air to red blood cells in the lung
arteries while also releasing carbon dioxide from the blood into the air in the lungs. When a
person exhales, this used air leaves the body. The heart pumps the blood with the oxygenated
red blood cells from the lungs via the arteries throughout the body where the oxygen is released
into the cells and carbon dioxide is absorbed. The heart pumps the used blood back through the
veins to the lungs, and the cycle repeats itself.

Major Organs Make the Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Work

The major organ of the circulatory system is the heart, which pumps the blood into the lungs and
throughout the body. The arteries take the blood from the heart out to the different organs. The
final distribution to individual cells is carried out via small blood vessels called capillaries. From
the cells, the blood returns to the heart via veins, and from the heart, the blood is pumped back to
the lungs.

The major organs of the respiratory system are the lungs. When the lungs expand, the body
inhales fresh air, which is passed down from the mouth or nose through the trachea into the
bronchial tubes of the lungs and into the tiny alveoli air sacs. There, the oxygen from the air is
absorbed by the red blood cells of the circulatory system arteries while the carbon dioxide in the
blood is released into the air in the air sacs. When the lung contracts, the body exhales the used
air and takes a new breath.

Activity 1
 What’s the Word?

Procedure:

All four pictures in each given set depict negative ways of living. They are connected by
one common word that indicates the effect of one’s lifestyle on the functioning of the
respiratory and circulatory systems. The expected answers are illnesses that are brought about
by the negative lifestyles. Write your answer in the box provided for the number.

1.

What’s the word?

A____A

2.

What’s the word?

H__________
N

3.

What’s the word?

A____A
QUESTIONS:

1. What idea is common in each set of pictures?

2. What are the negative lifestyles that are depicted in the pictures?

3. How can lifestyle affect the functioning of the respiratory and circulatory systems?

4. How can these negative lifestyles be changed?

5. What might happen if a person goes on with a negative lifestyle such as what was seen
in the activity?

Generalization
Several lifestyle choices can affect a person’s risk for developing respiratory and
circulatory diseases. Negative lifestyle weakens your system while healthy lifestyle leads to
complete wellness. Vices, stressful environments, and unhealthy eating habits can cause various
diseases, specifically of the respiratory and circulatory systems.
 Evaluation

Answer the following questions. (5 points each)

1. Explain how the respiratory and circulatory system work together?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________.

2. What will happen if the oxygen is not transported by the blood to the different parts
of the body?
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

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