1

3.8.1 Families 6, 7, and 8

Today, we are going to learn three families in one go. Don’t worry—they’re pretty similar, so just pay
attention, and you’ll learn them in no time. Here they are:

ً ْ ْ ْ
‫ﱰاﺑﺎ‬
' " ‫"اﻗ‬ ‫ﱰب‬ ‫ﻳﻘ‬ ‫ﱰب‬ ‫"اﻗ‬
+ "' ' ' ''
ً ْ ْ ْ
‫ﻜﺴﺎرا‬ " ‫"اﻧ‬ 3" ‫ﻜ‬ ' ‫ﻳﻨ‬ 3‫ﻜ‬ ' ‫"اﻧ‬
' + ' ' '
ً ْ ْ ْ ْ
‫"ا ْﺳ "ﺘﻐ 'ﻔﺎرا‬ ‫ 'ﺴﺘﻐ "ﻔﺮ‬9 ‫"ا ْﺳﺘﻐ 'ﻔﺮ‬
+ ' ' '

All of these families start with an ‫ "ا‬. Let’s take the first one, and try the sarf sagheer:

ٌ ‫ﻓﻬﻮﻣ ْﻘﱰ‬ ً ْ ْ ْ
‫ب‬ "' + ‫ﱰاﺑﺎ‬
' " ‫ا"ﻗ‬ ‫ﱰب‬ ‫ﻳﻘ‬ ‫ﱰب‬ ‫ا"ﻗ‬
+ "' ' ' ''
ٌ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ ْﻘﱰ‬ ً ْ ْ ْ
‫ب‬ ‫ﱰاﺑﺎ‬
' " ‫"اﻗ‬ ‫ﱰب‬ ‫ﻳﻘ‬ ‫ﱰب‬ ‫اﻗ‬
'' + + '' + ' "+ +
ْ ‫ﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻻ ﺗ ْﻘﱰ‬%‫و اﻟ‬
‫ب‬ ْ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ا ْﻗﱰ‬
‫ب‬
"' ' ' "' "
ٌ ‫و اﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣ ْﻘﱰ‬
‫ب‬ '' +

Simple enough, right? This family has a ‫ ت‬in it—that’s what distinguishes it from the other two. The
second family’s sarf sagheer is similar:

ٌ ‫ﻜ‬
3
ْ ً ‫ا ْﻧﻜﺴﺎرا‬ ْ ْ
" ' ‫ﻨ‬+‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ‬ " " 3" ‫ﻜ‬
' ‫ﻳﻨ‬ 3‫ﻜ‬ ' ‫"اﻧ‬
' + ' ' '
ْ ‫ﻜ‬ ْ ْ ‫ﻜ‬ ْ
3 " ' ‫ﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ 'ﻻ 'ﺗﻨ‬%‫و اﻟ‬ 3 " ' ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ "اﻧ‬
ٌ ‫ﻜ‬ ْ
3 ‫و اﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻨ‬
' ' +

This one seems a little short, right? This is a shortcut family—there isn’t any passive for it, so you go
straight to ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬. The last family:
ْ ً ْ ْ ْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ ْﺴﺘﻐ "ﻔ ٌﺮ‬ ‫"ا ْﺳ "ﺘﻐ 'ﻔﺎرا‬ ‫ ' ْﺴﺘﻐ "ﻔﺮ‬9 ‫"ا ْﺳﺘﻐ 'ﻔﺮ‬
' + + ' ' '
ْ ً ‫ا ْﺳﺘ ْﻐﻔﺎرا‬ ْ ْ
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣ ْﺴﺘﻐ 'ﻔ ٌﺮ‬ ' " " ‫ ْﺴﺘﻐ 'ﻔﺮ‬+ 9 ‫ﻐ "ﻔﺮ‬+‫ ْﺳﺘ‬+ ‫ا‬
' + + ' '
ْ ْ
‫ ' ْﺴﺘﻐ "ﻔ ْﺮ‬, ‫ﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ 'ﻻ‬%‫و اﻟ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ "ا ْﺳﺘﻐ "ﻔ ْﺮ‬
' '
ْ
‫و اﻟﻈﺮف ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣ ْﺴﺘﻐ 'ﻔ ٌﺮ‬
' +
 2

You now know all eight families. Practice running through lots of examples to help solidify them in your
mind. You know the first three families by heart, so it’ll be hard to forget them. As for the others, here
are some tips to help you keep them straight:

1. The first three families are the ONLY ones in which the present tense, commanding, and forbidding
have a dummah.

ً ‫ﺧﺒﺎرا‬ ْ ْ ْ
‫إ‬ , ‫ﺨ *ﱪ‬, ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﱪ‬
& & ‫أ&ﺧ‬
& *
ً ْ
‫&ﺗﻌ *ﻠﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻠﻢ‬8* ‫ﻳﻌ‬ ‫ﻠ&ﻢ‬8 ‫ﻋ‬
, &, & &
‫ﺎﻫ &ﺪ ًة‬
& ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺟ &ﻬﺎدا ً و ﻣ‬ * ‫ﺪ‬
, ‫ﺎﻫ‬
* ‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎﻫ &ﺪ‬
& ‫ﺟ‬
& , & , &

2. The next two all begin with ta, and pretty much have fatha’s across the board (except the masdar):

ً
‫ﻤﺎ‬,‫ﻠ‬8 ‫&ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﻠ&ﻢ‬8 ‫ﻳﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻠ&ﻢ‬8 ‫&ﺗﻌ‬
& , &&& & &
ً ‫ﺴﺎﺋﻼ‬, ‫ﻞ‬, ‫ﺎﺋ‬
, & & & ‫ & &ﺴ‬B‫&ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎﺋ &ﻞ‬
& ‫ & &ﺴ‬,

3. The last three are ‫ *ا‬families. They have an ‫ *ا‬in the past tense and the masdar. Notice that the ‫*ا‬
ً ْ
doesn’t have a hamza like in ‫ *إﺧﺒﺎرا‬.
&

ً ْ ْ ْ
‫ﱰاﺑﺎ‬
& * ‫*اﻗ‬ ‫ﱰب‬ ‫ﻳﻘ‬ ‫ﱰب‬ ‫*اﻗ‬
, *& & & &&
ً ‫ا ْﻧﻜﺴﺎرا‬ P* ‫ﻜ‬
ْ ْ
* * & ‫&ﻳﻨ‬ P‫ﻜ‬
& & ‫*اﻧ‬
& , &
ً ‫ا ْﺳﺘ ْﻐﻔﺎرا‬ ْ
‫ & ْﺴﺘﻐ *ﻔﺮ‬U
ْ
‫*ا ْﺳﺘﻐ &ﻔﺮ‬
& * * , & & &
 ‫‪3‬‬

‫‪EXERCISES‬‬

‫‪A. Practice. Do the sarf sahgeer of each of these, using the first page as a guide (if you need it!):‬‬

‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫ﱰاﺑﺎ‬
‫'اﻗ ' &‬ ‫ﱰب‬ ‫ﻳﻘ‬ ‫ﱰب‬ ‫'اﻗ‬
‫& &' ‪+‬‬ ‫&& &‬
‫اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻈﻢ‬

‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﻢ‬

‫اﻧﺘﺼﺎرا‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺼﺮ‬

‫اﺳﺘﺒﺎﻗﺎ‬ ‫‪4‬ﺴﺘﺒﻖ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺒﻖ‬

‫اﻧ‪B‬ﺸﺎرا‬ ‫ﻳﻨ‪FB‬‬ ‫اﻧ‪FB‬‬

‫اﻋﺘﺰاﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺰل‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺰل‬

‫اﻏﱰاﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻐﱰف‬ ‫اﻏﱰف‬

‫اﺑ‪J‬ﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺒ‪J‬ﻞ‬ ‫اﺑ‪J‬ﻞ‬

‫اﻗﱰاﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﱰن‬ ‫اﻗﱰن‬

‫اﻛ‪B‬ﺴﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜ‪B‬ﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻛ‪B‬ﺴﺐ‬

‫اﺟ‪J‬ﺎدا‬ ‫ﻳﺠ‪J‬ﺪ‬ ‫اﺟ‪J‬ﺪ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎ‬ ‫‪4‬ﺴﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﻊ‬

‫اﻏ‪B‬ﺴﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻐ‪B‬ﺴﻞ‬ ‫اﻏ‪B‬ﺴﻞ‬

‫اﺟﺘﻨﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺘﻨﺐ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨﺐ‬

‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫اﺣ‪B‬ﺴﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺤ‪B‬ﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﺣ‪B‬ﺴﺐ‬

‫اﻗﺘﺘﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﺘﻞ‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺘﻞ‬

‫ْ‬
‫!‪X family does not have passives‬اﻧ ‪V‬ﻘﻠ‪V‬ﺐ ‪Remember that the‬‬
‫‪V‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫‪X‬اﻧ ‪X‬ﻘ ‪V‬ﻼﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨ ‪V‬ﻘ ‪X‬ﻠﺐ‬ ‫‪X‬اﻧ ‪V‬ﻘ ‪V‬ﻠﺐ‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫اﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻌﺚ‬ ‫اﻧﺒﻌﺚ‬

‫اﻧﻔﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻠﻖ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﻠﻖ‬

‫اﻧﺒﺠﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺒﺠﺲ‬ ‫اﻧﺒﺠﺲ‬

‫اﻧﻘﻌﺎرا‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘ‪U‬‬ ‫اﻧﻘ‪U‬‬

 ‫‪4‬‬

‫ا‪V‬ﺴﻼﺧﺎ‬ ‫ﻳ‪X‬ﺴﻠﺦ‬ ‫ا‪V‬ﺴﻠﺦ‬

‫اﻧﻜﺪارا‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻜﺪر‬ ‫اﻧﻜﺪر‬

‫ا‪Y‬ﻤﺎرا‬ ‫ﻳ‪%‬ﻤﺮ‬ ‫ا‪Y‬ﻤﺮ‬

‫اﻧﺼﺮاﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺼﺮف‬ ‫اﻧﺼﺮف‬

‫اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‬

‫اﻧﻔﺠﺎرا‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﺠﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﺠﺮ‬

‫اﻧﻔﻄﺎرا‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﻄﺮ‬

‫‪Practice for the last family:‬‬

‫اﺳﺘ ْﻐﻔﺎرا ً‬ ‫ْ‬

‫‪ْ 9 A‬ﺴﺘﻐ <ﻔﺮ‬
‫ْ‬
‫<ا ْﺳﺘﻐ ‪9‬ﻔﺮ‬
‫< < ‪9‬‬ ‫‪? 9‬‬ ‫‪9 9‬‬
‫اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻻ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬

‫اﺳﺘﺄذاﻧﺎ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﺄذن‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺄذن‬

‫اﺳﺘﺨﻼﺻﺎ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬

‫اﺳﺘﺨﻼﻓﺎ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬

‫اﺳﺘﺒﺪاﻻ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﺒﺪل‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺒﺪل‬

‫اﺳﺘ_ﺸﺎرا‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘ_‪F‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘ_‪F‬‬

‫اﺳﺘﺤﻔﺎﻇﺎ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﺤﻔﻆ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺤﻔﻆ‬

‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﺎ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﺨﺮج‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮج‬

‫اﺳﱰﻫﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﱰﻫﺐ‬ ‫اﺳﱰﻫﺐ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎرا‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺮ‬

‫اﺳ‪B‬ﺸﻬﺎدا‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴ‪B‬ﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫اﺳ‪B‬ﺸﻬﺪ‬

‫اﺳﺘﺼﺮاﺧﺎ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﺼﺮخ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺼﺮخ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻀﻌﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻀﻌﻒ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻄﻌﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﻄﻌﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻄﻌﻢ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻌﺘﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﻌﺘﺐ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺘﺐ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻌﺠﺎﻻ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﻌﺠﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺠﻞ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻌﺼﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪A‬ﺴﺘﻌﺼﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺼﻢ‬

 ‫‪5‬‬

‫اﺳﺘﻐﻼﻇﺎ‬ ‫‪$‬ﺴﺘﻐﻠﻆ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻠﻆ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺣﺎ‬ ‫‪+‬ﺴﺘﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺘﺢ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻤﺴﺎﻛﺎ‬ ‫‪+‬ﺴﺘﻤﺴﻚ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺴﻚ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻨﻜﺎﺣﺎ‬ ‫‪+‬ﺴﺘﻨﻜﺢ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﻜﺢ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻨﻜﺎﻓﺎ‬ ‫‪+‬ﺴﺘﻨﻜﻒ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﻜﻒ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻜﺒﺎرا‬ ‫‪+‬ﺴﺘﻜﱪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻜﱪ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻜﺜﺎرا‬ ‫‪+‬ﺴﺘﻜﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻜﺜﺮ‬

‫اﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎﻋﺎ‬ ‫‪+‬ﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬