Operator'S Manual: T670 Microscope

OPERATOR’S MANUAL
(Please Read This Manual Before Using the Microscope)
T670 Microscope
Compound Microscope
T670 Microscope
Copyright © 2015 United Scope Inc. DBA AmScope. All rights reserved.
Copyright Notice
This document, which is in draft form and subject to change without notice, is an
unpublished work containing confidential, trade secret information that is proprietary to
AmScope, and is protected by laws pertaining to such materials. This document, the
information in this document and all rights thereto are the sole and exclusive property of
AmScope and are not to be copied, used or disclosed to anyone, in whole or in part,
without the express written permission of AmScope.
AmScope assumes no liability for any damages incurred, directly or indirectly, from any
errors, omissions or discrepancies between the use of this microscope and the information
contained in this document.
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T670 Microscope
Contents
BEFORE USE..............................................................................................................................................................4
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................4
Precautions ..........................................................................................................................................................4
1. MICROSCOPE PARTS ...............................................................................................................................................5
1.1 Parts Diagram................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Features .........................................................................................................................................................6
2. OPERATION ............................................................................................................................................................8
2.1 Unpacking ......................................................................................................................................................8
2.2 Assembly ........................................................................................................................................................9
2.3 Adjusting the View ........................................................................................................................................12
2.4 Specimen Set Up...........................................................................................................................................13
2.5 Focusing.......................................................................................................................................................14
2.6 Using the Trinocular Port .............................................................................................................................15
2.7 Attaching a Camera......................................................................................................................................15
2.8 Setting the Stage’s Stop-Limit........................................................................................................................16
2.9 Adjusting Focus Tension...............................................................................................................................16
2.10 Setting the Condenser Lens Adjustment Knob ..............................................................................................16
2.11 Adjusting the Iris ........................................................................................................................................17
2.12 Changing a Filter .......................................................................................................................................17
2.13 Changing the Fuse ......................................................................................................................................17
2.14 Using Oil Immersion...................................................................................................................................18
2.15 Using Darkfield Condenser Lenses (Optional Accessories)..........................................................................20
2.16 Using a Dry Darkfield Condenser Lens (Optional Accessory)......................................................................21
2.17 Using Oil Darkfield Condenser Lens (Optional Accessory)..........................................................................22
2.18 Using a Phase Contrast Kit (Optional Accessory)........................................................................................25
2.19 Using a Simple Phase Contrast Kit (Optional Accessory) ............................................................................29
2.20 Using a Turret Phase Contrast Kit (Optional Accessory) .............................................................................34
2.21 Microscope Maintenance ............................................................................................................................39
2.22 Darkfield Condenser Kit & Phase Contrast Kit Maintenance.......................................................................40
3. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................................................41
3.1 Features .......................................................................................................................................................41
3.2 Objectives.....................................................................................................................................................41
3.3 Eyepieces......................................................................................................................................................42
3.4 Darkfield Condensers ...................................................................................................................................42
3.5 Phase Contrast Kits ......................................................................................................................................42
4. PARAMETERS .......................................................................................................................................................43
4.1 Electrical System ..........................................................................................................................................43
85V-230V wide voltage, CE certified...................................................................................................................43
4.2 Microscope Parameters ................................................................................................................................43
5. RECOMMENDED ACCESSORIES..............................................................................................................................44
5.1 Eyepieces......................................................................................................................................................44
5.2 Darkfield Condensers ...................................................................................................................................44
5.3 Objective Lenses...........................................................................................................................................45
5.4 Phase Contrast Kits ......................................................................................................................................45
5.5 Cameras and Accessories..............................................................................................................................46
5.6 Fuses............................................................................................................................................................47
5.7 Slides............................................................................................................................................................47
5.8 Cleaners .......................................................................................................................................................47
6. TROUBLESHOOTING .............................................................................................................................................48
6.1 Optical Issues ...............................................................................................................................................48
6.2 Mechanical Issues.........................................................................................................................................49
6.3 Electrical Issues............................................................................................................................................50
7. GENERAL MICROSCOPY GUIDE .............................................................................................................................51

T670 Microscope
Before Use
Introduction
Congratulations on the purchase of your new AmScope Microscope! This manual is
designed for T670 microscope.
Please take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the features and functions of
your new microscope. If you want more information on microscope, parts, and
accessories, please visit our website at:
www.AmScope.com
We recommend that you study this manual thoroughly before operating the
microscope and that you keep it on hand for future reference. If you have additional
questions or need assistance, please send us an email at:
info@AmScope.com
Please include the microscope model number in your email so that we can identify
your model and provide immediate help.
Precautions
1. As the microscope is a precision instrument, always handle it with care, avoiding
impact or abrupt movement during transportation. Do not shake the package.
2. Do not place the microscope in direct sunlight or in high heat. Keep it indoors in a
dry and clean place with temperatures between 32°-100° F (0°-40°C), maximum
relative humidity: 85%
3. Avoid touching the lenses on the objective and the eyepiece so that oil and dirt
from your fingerprints do not obstruct your view.
4. Before turning the power on, make sure that the power supply voltage is
consistent with the voltage of your microscope.

T670 Microscope
1. Microscope Parts
1.1 Parts Diagram

T670 Microscope
1.2 Features
A superior professional infinity trinocular compound microscope, this instrument
comes with an extreme widefield infinity optical system, which provides crystal clear
images for high level microscopy work.
The ideal level of comfort when in use is achieved by its 30 degree inclined ocular
tubes (most useful when seated for long periods of time), and a 360 degree
swiveling trinocular Siedentopf head to position the eyepieces wherever you are
most comfortable in relation to the microscope on your bench.
The infinity objectives are of the highest quality, and crucial features such as a
coaxial coarse and fine focusing system, 3D mechanical stage, and wide band
voltage (85v-230v) Kohler LED illumination system are all included.
The reversed nosepiece configuration provides plenty of operating space in front of

the microscope, and provides eight levels of magnification (achieved through two
pairs of eyepieces, 10x and 20x, and the 4 objectives of 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x)—
settings include 40x, 80x, 100x, 200x, 400x, 800x, 1000x, and 2000x.
Clinical offices, veterinary labs, and research labs will all be served very well by this
superb precision compound microscope.
Ø An Affordable Infinity Optical Microscopy System with Kohler Illumination!

Ø Reversed Nosepiece
Ø Mechanical Stage with Slide Clamp
Ø Ergonomic Design
Ø Front Loaded Light Housing for Easy Access to Light Bulb
Ø Fully Coated High Resolution Optical System
Ø Crystal Clear Sharp Images
Ø Precise Mechanical Control System
Ø Kohler Illumination System with Field Diaphragm for Lighting Control
Ø 30° Inclined, 360° Swiveling, Trinocular Siedentopf Head
Ø Eight Magnification Levels: 40X, 80X, 100X, 200X, 400X, 800X, 1000X and
2000X
Ø Intensity-Variable Transmitted LED Lighting System
Ø Abbe Condenser with Iris Diaphragm and Swing-Out Filter Holder
Ø Rack and Pinion Adjustment for Condenser
Ø Low Position Coaxial Stage Movement Control Knobs
Ø Dual Side Coaxial Coarse and Fine Focusing Control
Ø Adjustable Interpupillary Distance
Ø Adjustable Diopter
Ø Durable Cast Alloy Frame & Stand with Stain Resistant Enamel Finish
Ø Four Infinity Objectives: 4X, 10X, 40X, 100X
Ø Two Sets of Wide Field Eyepieces: Wide Field 10X (22mm Field of View) and
20X

T670 Microscope
Ø Large Double Layer Mechanical Stage with Stain Resistant Finish

Ø Upward Limit Stop for Stage to Protect Objectives and Slides
Ø Compatible with a Wide Range of Optional Accessories, Including Phase
Contrast and Darkfield Condensers
Ø Manufactured under ISO 9001 Quality Control Standards
Ø Excellent Five (5) Year Factory Warranty

T670 Microscope
2. Operation
2.1 Unpacking
2.1.1 Unpack the Box
1. Very carefully slide the Styrofoam container out of the cardboard carton.
2. Lay the Styrofoam container on its side. Make sure the side labeled up is up.
3. Remove the tape.
4. Carefully open the Styrofoam container, avoid dropping and damaging the
optical items.
2.1.2 Verify Packing List

Check the packing list to ensure that you’re received all items:
Ø One Trinocular Siedentopf Head

Ø One Microscope Body Frame with Base and Kohler Illumination System
Ø Four High Quality Infinity Objectives: 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X
Ø One Pair of Extreme Widefield WH10X Eyepieces
Ø One Pair of Extreme Widefield WH20X Eyepieces
Ø One Power Cord
Ø One Dust Cover
Ø Immersion Oil
Ø Shipping Weight: 25 lbs

T670 Microscope
2.2 Assembly
2.2.1 Carefully Remove Microscope from Box
Remove the microscope body from the box and

remove the plastic protective covering.
The body of the microscope is composed of the

base, the stage, the arm, and the nosepiece.
2.2.2 Loosen the Head Lock Screw
Loosen the metal knob located directly above the

nosepiece (the head lock screw) completely.
2.2.3 Install the Microscope Head
Carefully take the microscope head out of the plastic bag, making sure not to
touch glass.
Place the bottom side of the microscope head (flat, circular side down) into
the circular opening on top of the arm (just above the nosepiece and lock
screw).
Tighten the head lock screw to secure the head in place.

T670 Microscope
2.2.4 Install the Trinocular Port and C-Mount (For Trinocular Microscopes Only)
Unscrew and remove the photo port cap from the top side of
the microscope head.
Screw in the Trinocular port
If your camera has a c-mount, insert the c-mount adapter

onto the Trinocular port. If your camera does not have a c-
mount, you can skip this step.
2.2.5 Insert Eyepieces

Remove the eyetube caps.
Place the desired eyepieces into the empty

eye/ocular tubes.
Be sure to avoid touching the lenses.

T670 Microscope
2.2.6 Insert Objective Lenses
Unpack the objective lenses. Screw the

objectives into the microscope nosepiece.
Start with the lowest magnification, and in order

of magnification, insert each lens, without
touching the glass.
2.2.7 Plug it in, turn it on, and adjust the dimmer if more light is needed.
Plug in the microscope and turn it on.
If no light emerges from the light source, adjust

the dimmer knob on the side of the base.

T670 Microscope
2.3 Adjusting the View
2.3.1 Choose forward or reverse viewing
The microscope head rotates to allow for forward or reverse viewing.
There is no difference as far as the optics; it depends on what’s comfortable. In

forward position you are looking over the stage, in reverse position you are
looking at the stage.
Once you’ve chosen your preferred microscope head position, lock the head-lock
screw.
2.3.2 Focus the distance between your eyes.

(The interpupillary distance, the distance between your eye pupils.)
With both eyes open, look into the eyepieces. Adjust the interpupillary distance
by holding the eyetubes and rotating the tubes either towards or away from each
other until only one circle of light is seen by both eyes.

T670 Microscope
2.4 Specimen Set Up
2.4.1 Prepare the Specimen
Place the specimen to be studied on a glass

slide (or use a prepared slide, sold
separately).
2.4.2 Secure the Slide
Place the slide on the stage, holding it snugly in

place with the metal slide holders (clips) of the
mechanical stage.
2.4.3 Center the Specimen
Using the mechanical stage controls, center the

slide over the stage opening, lining it up with the
light and the objective lens.
The top ring moves the stage forward and

backward. The bottom ring moves the stage from
left to right
2.4.4 Adjust the dimmer if more light is needed.
To adjust the illumination, slowly turn the dimmer

on the right side of the base until the desired
intensity of light is achieved.

T670 Microscope
2.5 Focusing
2.5.1 Choose an Objective Lens
Turn the nosepiece to choose an objective. It is easiest

to use the lowest magnification first to locate and focus
on the specimen. As you move up in magnification you
will need to refocus the image a little each time.
2.5.2 Parfocal
Under the diopter on the eyepiece, there are numbered

rings. Set these rings to 0 and the image should remain
in focus for the entire magnification range. This will
enable you to stay more in focus when you add a
camera or switch objective lenses.
2.5.3 Focus one eye at time
1. Look with one eye through the eyetube

without the diopter. Or, if you have two
diopters, select either eyepiece.
2. Close your other eye.
3. Focus the image using the coarse focusing
knob. Adjust the height of the stage until the
sample comes into clear focus.
2.5.4 Focus your other eye

1. Close the first eye. Open the other one.
2. Look with the second eye through the
eyepiece with the diopter.
3. Turn the diopter until the image is clear
through the side as well. Do not turn the
focusing knob when you are adjusting the
diopter or you will have difficulty focusing
properly.
2.5.5 Re-center Specimen and Re-focus

When you change magnification levels, you may need to re-center the specimen.
When you change magnification levels, you will need to re-focus.

T670 Microscope
2.6 Using the Trinocular Port
The AmScope T670 model is uniquely designed so that you can view
the image through the eyepieces and the Trinocular port
simultaneously, as well as fine tune the focus of the camera with a C-
mount focus adjustment.
You do not need an adapter to attach your AmScope camera to the

Trinocular port; however you may need one if you have a non-
AmScope camera. Our photo port is a 23mm size.
2.7 Attaching a Camera
Most AmScope cameras come with a reduction lens.

Reduction lenses align the magnification of the
microscope’s image with the capacity of the digital
camera’s sensor.
The specimen’s image seen through the magnified
objective lens is very large. The reduction lens renders
the image in a size compatible with the smaller size of
the digital camera’s sensor.
1. If your camera has a 23mm mounting

size, you do not need the C-mount
adapter. If installed, remove the C-
mount from the top of the Trinocular
port by loosening the screw.
2. Place the camera (mounted on a
reduction lens) directly into the
Trinocular port. It should slide in
without issue.
3. Focus through the Trinocular port, by
turning the middle portion of the tube.
4. Open up your AmScope Digital
Camera Solution software on your
computer and let it connect to your
microscope.
If your camera needs a C-mount adapter, attach the adapter to your camera and screw
the adapter into the Trinocular port. Plug one end of the cord directly into the camera
and the USB end into your computer.

T670 Microscope
2.8 Setting the Stage’s Stop-Limit

1. Unlock the stop-limit on the stage.
2. Adjust the stage to the desired maximum
height.
3. Lock the stop-limit. This allows you to limit
the movement of the stage from the bottom of
the range up to the point it is set at.
4. To reset it, unlock the stage and reset the
stage to the new height.
If no limit is desired, simply unlock the stop-limit.
2.9 Adjusting Focus Tension

1. To adjust the tension of the focusing
knobs, first locate the black ridged tension
knob on the inside of the coarse focusing
knob.
2. To decrease tension, rotate the
adjustment forward, towards the stage
(counterclockwise). To increase, rotate
away from the stage (clockwise).
Note: If your stage is slipping down after setting the focus, you need to increase the
tension.
2.10 Setting the Condenser Lens Adjustment Knob
The condenser adjustment knob raises and

lowers the condenser’s distance to the base
lens, varying light delivery.

T670 Microscope
2.11 Adjusting the Iris
By changing the aperture (hole size) of the iris/diaphragm of

the condenser, you can adjust the background brightness.
Adjust the aperture of the iris diaphragm using the iris
adjustment slider located directly under the stage.
2.12 Changing a Filter
1. At the bottom of the condenser lens, there is a small ring that slides out.
Swivel the ring as far out as possible.
2. Insert the preferred colored glass filter.
3. Slide the ring back into place.
Note: The filter holder is placed in from the factory in a manner in which it swings out
and hits the arm of the microscope (backwards). If this happens, simply grip the
condenser assembly and rotate it. It may take a small amount of force to rotate it,
but after doing so, you will be able to swing the filter holder out towards the front
of the unit for easier operation.
2.13 Changing the Fuse

The fuse port is on the back of the microscope on the base between the on/off
switch and the power inlet.
1. Turn off and unplug the microscope.

2. Be sure to remove the eyepieces from
the unit before turning the microscope
over to prevent them from falling and
breaking.
3. Carefully turn the microscope on its
side, exposing the base.
4. Using a flat head screwdriver, unscrew
the cover and replace the T1A fuse.
5. Screw the fuse cover back in.

T670 Microscope
2.14 Using Oil Immersion
When using the 100X objective, a drop of immersion oil should be

placed between the cover slip and the objective to minimize distortion
caused by air.
1. Place the slide on the stage and center the

specimen.
2. Close the condenser’s aperture iris and ensure that the

specimen focused and centered as possible. Increase
light intensity once the specimen is clearly illuminated.
3. Move the objectives out of the way to enable access

to the slide. Place a drop of immersion oil directly
onto the slide’s cover slip, not directly on the
specimen; a cover slip MUST be used.
4. Release the stage stop limit.
5. Lower your oil immersion lens (100X objective) into

position so that the front lens is immersed in the oil. If
your lens is not immersed, use the coarse focusing
knobs to adjust the height of the stage to the proper
levels. The oil lens should be immersed in oil, but not
touching the slide.

T670 Microscope
6. Adjust the focusing knob, watch for the field

of view to come into focus. This is best seen
when the iris of the condenser is smaller than
the field of the objective. Use the fine
focusing knob to make adjustments.
7. Re-engage the stage stop limit.
8. When the specimen is in focus, adjust

the iris to open just larger than the
condenser’s diameter.
9. After using the oil immersion lens, you will need to clean the lens and
specimen before the oil dries.
Note: Please be careful when using the stage stop limit. The stage limit stop
is designed to prevent impact between objective and slide, so when it is off
you can damage the microscope or the slide.

T670 Microscope
2.15 Using Darkfield Condenser Lenses (Optional Accessories)

Darkfield Illumination is a lighting method for increasing contrast. A darkfield
condenser lens produces bright images against a dark background for low contrast
biological specimens.
The dry darkfield condenser is for low power magnifications,

such as with the 4X, 10X or 40X objective lenses, with
numeric apertures of .65 or less.
The oil darkfield condenser is for high power magnifications,

the 40X and 100X objective lenses, with numeric apertures
of 1.25 or higher.
2.15.1 Installing a Darkfield Condenser Lens

1. Use the condenser lens adjustment knob to
lower the condenser so you have easy access
to the condenser knob.
2. Loosen the condenser lock screw and replace
the condenser lens.
3. Install the darkfield condenser lens and tighten
the condenser lock thumb screw on the
condenser holder.
When choosing a darkfield condenser, be sure the

condenser’s numerical aperture is larger than the
numerical aperture of the objective lens.
If the objective lens aperture is larger than the aperture of

the darkfield condenser, direct light will be transmitted and
a darkfield will not be achieved.

T670 Microscope
2.16 Using a Dry Darkfield Condenser Lens (Optional Accessory)

2.16.1 Using the Dry Darkfield Condenser
1. The first step is centering the condenser. Move the 10X objective lens into the
light path.
2. Remove an eyepiece and look through the empty

eye tube, to see the condenser’s image directly.
3. Use the condenser lens adjustment

knob to adjust the height of the
condenser until the opaque disc is
slightly smaller than the entire image
circle, leaving a ring of light.
4. Turn the condenser’s centering screws to move

the dark spot to the center.
5. Replace the eyepieces.
6. Raise the condenser to the top of its range, just

short of the slide on the stage. The is the optimal
position for darkfield viewing, but can be
adjusted later, if necessary.
7. Place a slide on the stage and focus. Adjust the

height of the stage up or down slightly for optimal
viewing, but the condenser lens should be relatively
close to the slide.
8. If you are using a variable numerical aperture

objective lens, adjust the ring at the bottom to
fine tune the darkfield.

T670 Microscope
2.17 Using Oil Darkfield Condenser Lens (Optional Accessory)

The condenser works with 100X oil objective and low power objectives (4X, 10X, etc) as
well. Immersion oil is needed on top of the condenser lens for darkfield observation.
Immersion oil is needed between the 100X oil objective and slide.
2.17.1 Using the Oil Darkfield Condenser

1. The first step is centering the condenser. Move the 40X objective lens into the
light path.
2. Remove an eyepiece and look through the

empty eye tube, to see the condenser’s
image directly.
3. Use the condenser lens adjustment

knob to adjust the height of the
condenser until the opaque disc is
slightly smaller than the entire
image circle, leaving a ring of light.
Note: The dark spot has a fuzzy edge and will become larger when the condenser
gets closers to the objective. The distance between the top of the condenser
and the objective is about 8mm, when the dark spot shows in the field of view.
4. Turn the condenser’s centering screws to move

the dark spot to the center.
5. Replace the eyepieces.
6. Raise the condenser to the top of its range, just

short of the slide on the stage. The is the optimal
position for darkfield viewing, but can be adjusted
later, if necessary.
7. Adjust the dimmer so the lamp is at maximum

brightness.
8. Place a slide on the stage and focus. Adjust the height of the stage up or
down slightly for optimal viewing, but the condenser lens should be relatively
close to the slide.

T670 Microscope
2.17.2 Using Oil Immersion
1. Before you install the oil darkfield condenser

lens, apply a drop of immersion oil on the top
lens of condenser. If you’ve already installed it,
remove the condenser to apply the drop of oil to
the lens, and re-install it. You might need to re-
center the condenser.
2. Place the slide on the stage.
3. Raise the condenser and let the oil drop contact

the underside of the slide. If air bubbles exist in
the oil, clean the oil from the condenser lens and
bottom of slide and repeat the procedures.
4. Apply a drop of immersion oil to the slide’s

coverslip.
5. Carefully raise the stage until the oil makes

contact with the objective lens.
6. Adjust the iris ring to get proper brightness and

contrast of view field.
7. If you are using a variable numerical aperture

objective lens, adjust the ring at the bottom to
fine tune the darkfield.

T670 Microscope
2.17.3 Cleaning the Oil Darkfield Condenser
1. When using oil immersion, once you have finished using the oil darkfield lens,
you will need to clean the lens and specimen of the oil before it dries.
2. You can wipe the lens with a soft nonabrasive cloth to remove the oil. If you
want to use a cleaner, you can use cigarette lighter fluid to safely remove the
oil, as it will break it down. Do not use alcohol based solvents, as they
dissolve the cement used to in assembly of the lens (thus breaking your
objective).
3. The specimen itself can be discarded, or if desired, you could clean it up and
store it for later use. The specimen may also be left with the oil on it, as you
will still need to apply more for use later, however it may dry up and cloud
your specimen. Cleaning is recommended.

T670 Microscope
2.18 Using a Phase Contrast Kit (Optional Accessory)
Brightfield Phase Contrast
Some specimens may offer little in the way of color-variance or opacity and can
appear essentially invisible when using basic, transmitted light. Phase-contrast is a
technique used in microscopy to enhance the contrast of an image, when observing
a specimen which offers little contrast in normal bright-field conditions.
Light waves have several

measurable components,
the most-common of which
are length, frequency and
amplitude. While length and
frequency translate into the
color of light we see,
amplitude translates into
brightness.
One component that we do

not perceive is phase, which
can be described as “how
much of the wave’s cycle
has elapsed at a given
time.”
If you imagine light as a

small dot (a photon), moving
along the cyclical arcs of a
light wave, the phase is
current position of the
photon, relative to the
wave’s entire cycle.

T670 Microscope
As waves of light move

through space, if their cycles
move in a perfect parallel
and are at the same point in
their cycles, they are in-
phase.
If some of the light waves hit

an obstacle and the phases
of the waves are altered, so
they are no longer in parallel
and at the same point in
their cycles, they are out-of-
phase.
When a light wave passes

through any medium, the
medium can affect the light
wave’s length, amplitude,
frequency and phase. There
are shifts in phase, due to
changes in light’s speed.
As the speed of light changes when hitting or missing obstacles, like a specimen, the
rays are bent, or refracted. The amount of refraction when a light wave hits an obstacle
is measured as its refractive index. It’s this refractive index which creates the variations
in phase as light passes through a specimen.
Even though a specimen may appear transparent, as long as its refractive index is
different from the baseline index of air, and the specimen has thickness, then there will
be changes in phase to any light which passes through the specimen.

T670 Microscope
A phase contrast system incorporates two

components to segregate light, so out-of-
phase waves can be realigned. The two
components are the annulus in the
condenser and the phase ring in the objective
lens.
The condenser’s annulus separates light into

surround light and diffracted light. Light
passing directly through the annulus creates
a hollow cone called surround light. This light
passes directly through the optical system
and is intercepted by the phase ring in the
objective lens.
Light diffracted by the edges of the annulus

passes more centrally through the specimen
in the objective lens.
As the light collectively passes through the objective lens, it is further segregated by the
phase ring. The phase ring shifts the phase of the surround light either positively or
negatively so the waves are in-phase.
Since human sight is incapable of perceiving light phase, the aim of phase contrast is to
translate the disparities in phase into perceivable variations in brightness.
There are several techniques

available for increasing the contrast
between the specimen and the
background, each tailored for a
particular purpose. Phase-contrast
does so by manipulating the phase
of light, and is useful for observing
the inner mechanics of cellular
structures, especially live cells,
without the need for staining.

T670 Microscope
AmScope’s PCS Simple Phase Contrast Kit

includes three phase-contrast objective lenses,
three phase contrast condenser lenses, and a
centering telescope.
AmScope’s PCT Turret Phase Contrast Kit includes

four phase-contrast objective lenses, a condenser
turret, and a centering telescope. The turret has built-in
annuli, designed to work with each of the lenses, as
well as a brightfield iris.

T670 Microscope
2.19 Using a Simple Phase Contrast Kit (Optional Accessory)

2.19.1 Unpacking the Simple Phase Contrast Kit
1. Take the aluminum case containing your kit out of the cardboard carton.
Remove the tape and open the container carefully so as to avoid dropping
and damaging the optical items. You may need to use the key taped onto the
box. Check carefully to ensure that all parts and accessories are intact.
Note: You must match finite tube-length kits to finite tube-length microscopes
and infinity-corrected units to infinity-corrected microscopes for optimal
results.
2. Check the packing list to ensure that you’re received all the items. All units
should come with:
Ø 10X, 40X, & 100X Phase Contrast Condenser Lenses
Ø 10X, 40X, & 100X Phase Contrast Objective Lenses
Ø Condenser Assembly
Ø Centering Telescope Lens
Ø Green filter

T670 Microscope
2.19.2 Focus the Specimen
1. Once you have installed the phase contrast kit, you will need to calibrate and
center the light perfectly for optimal results. You will initially calibrate with the
Abbe brightfield condenser.
2. Place a slide on the microscope stage.

Make sure the specimen is covered with a
cover slip (a good example for a phase
contrast specimen is human saliva).
Clean any excess material from the slide.
3. Make sure your Abbe brightfield condenser is installed.
4. Focus the specimen using the 10X

objective. Adjust the iris ring on the
condenser so the light field is just larger
than the field of view in the microscope.
The condenser itself should be moved to
the normal height, which is close to the
bottom of the stage of the microscope (the
top of the range of the condenser).
2.19.3 Installing a Simple Phase Contrast Condenser
1. Loosen the thumbscrews and remove the

existing Abbe brightfield condenser from your
microscope.
2. Replace the brightfield objective on nosepiece with the 10X phase contrast
objective.
3. Screw the 10X condenser ring plate onto

the condenser assembly. Install the ring
plate and assembly on the microscope’s
condenser ring.

T670 Microscope
4. Change the objective lens to the 10X

phase contrast lens. Objective lenses
designed for phase contrast will be
marked “Ph”, this denotes the objective
lens has a built-in phase ring.
Note: there are 3 phase contrast objectives: 10X, 40X and 100X, and
there are 3 condenser ring plates: 10X, 40X and 100X. The
corresponding objective and ring plate must work together. For
example, the 10X phase contrast objective must work with the 10X
condenser ring plate.
2.19.4 Calibrating the Phase Contrast Objective Lens and Condenser Lens
1. Remove one eyepiece from the

microscope eyetube and insert the
centering telescope.
2. Turn the microscope’s light on and

look through the telescope lens.
3. While looking through the eyepiece, extend the eyepiece by rotating the top
counter clockwise until an image of the objective’s phase ring and the
condenser’s annulus are clearly in focus. Since they are both part of the
same conjugate image plane, they can be simultaneously in focus.

T670 Microscope
4. If the bright ring is still obscure, raise

or lower the condenser by adjusting
the condenser focusing knob (or the
microscope focusing knob if
necessary) until the bright ring is in
focus and the dark ring is visible.
5. If the two ring images are not

positioned so one is inside the other,
adjust the centering screws on the
condenser ring plate until the two
rings center in parallel.
The annulus’ bright ring of

light should overlap the
dark grey ring, which is the
objective’s phase ring.
6. Place the green filter in the filter holder or directly onto the center of the
base lens of your microscope (where the light emerges from). Remove the
green filter if doing darkfield microscopy.
7. Remove the centering telescope and replace the eyepiece.
Note: Once aligned, repeat the process for each magnification.

T670 Microscope
2.19.5 Perform the Phase Contrast Observation
After you center the condenser, you can perform the phase contrast observation
the same way as a normal brightfield microscope.
Note: When changing to another phase contrast objective and corresponding

condenser ring plate, the focusing and centering of bright ring and dark
ring should be repeated following the procedures above.
Tips:
1. Make the illumination as bright as possible.
2. The thinner the specimen, the better the image.

T670 Microscope
2.20 Using a Turret Phase Contrast Kit (Optional Accessory)

2.20.1 Unpacking the Turret Phase Contrast Kit
1. Take the aluminum case containing your kit out of the cardboard carton.
Remove the tape and open the container carefully so as to avoid dropping
and damaging the optical items. You may need to use the key taped onto the
box. Check carefully to ensure that all parts and accessories are intact.
Note: You must match finite tube-length kits to finite tube-length microscopes and
infinity-corrected units to infinity-corrected microscopes for optimal results.
2. Check the packing list to ensure that you’re received all the items. All units
should come with:
Ø Turret with 10X, 20X, 40X &100X Phase Contrast Condensers
Ø 10X, 20X, 40X & 100X Phase Contrast Objectives
Ø Centering Telescope Lens
Ø Green filter
Ø Small flathead screwdriver

T670 Microscope
2.20.2 Installing the Turret Phase Contrast Kit
1. Loosen the lock screws and remove the Abbe

brightfield condenser from the holder.
2. Insert the phase contrast condenser turret into the

condenser holder and tighten the lock screw with
the screw driver. Due to the weight of the turret,
it’s best to use the screw driver to securely fasten
the turret to the condenser holder.
2.20.3 Focusing the Turret Phase Contrast Kit
1. Rotate the microscope’s nosepiece to the 10X

phase contrast objective lens. Objective
lenses designed for phase contrast will be
marked “Ph”, this denotes the objective lens
has a built-in phase ring.
Note: There are 4 phase contrast objectives:

10X, 20X, 40X and 100X, and there are 5
settings on the condenser’s turret ring: 10, 20,
40, 100 and B. The numbers on the turret ring
must always correspond with objective’s
numbers.
For example, when using a 10X phase contrast

objective the condenser’s turret ring setting
must be 10. The B setting will make the phase
contrast condenser work as a conventional
brightfield condenser.

T670 Microscope
2. Place a slide on the microscope stage.

Make sure the specimen is covered with a
cover slip (a good example for a phase
contrast specimen is human saliva). Clean
any excess material from the slide.
3. Turn the phase contrast condenser’s turret to the B setting. Focus the
specimen. Before aligning the phase contrast lens and condenser, you will
need to bring the specimen into focus with the brightfield setting.
4. Once the specimen is in focus with the brightfield setting, rotate the
condenser’s turret ring so it is set to 10.
2.20.4 Calibrating the Turret Phase Contrast Objectives and Condenser Lenses
The turret has a built-in annulus for each

objective magnification. Once the turret
and objective lens are set with matching
numbers, they will need to be aligned.
You will need to do this again each time
you change the objective lens.
Each annulus in the turret is easy to

reposition by using a finger.
1. Remove one eyepiece from the

microscope eyetube and insert
the centering telescope.
2. Turn the microscope’s light on

and look through the telescope
lens.
3. While looking through the telescope lens, extend the eyepiece by rotating the
top counter clockwise.

T670 Microscope
4. Keep rotating the telescope lens until

an image of the objective’s phase ring
and the condenser’s annulus are clearly
in focus.
5. By slowly moving the annulus on the

underside of the turret, now in-line with
the condenser’s lens, the annulus’ bright
ring of light should overlap the dark grey
ring, which is the objective’s phase ring
6. If the bright ring is still obscure, raise or

lower the condenser by adjusting the
condenser focusing knob (or the
microscope focusing knob if necessary)
until the bright ring is in focus and the
dark ring is visible.
7. Place the green filter in the filter holder or directly onto the center of the
base lens of your microscope (where the light emerges from). Remove
the green filter if doing darkfield microscopy.
8. Remove the centering telescope and replace the eyepiece.
Note: Once aligned, repeat the process for each magnification.

T670 Microscope
2.20.5 Perform the Phase Contrast Observation
After you center the ring plate, you can perform the phase contrast observation
the same way as a normal brightfield microscope.
Note: When changing to another phase contrast objective and corresponding

condenser ring plate, the focusing and centering of bright ring and dark
ring should be repeated following the procedures above.
Tips:
1. Make the illumination as bright as possible.
2. The thinner the specimen, the better the image.

T670 Microscope
2.21 Microscope Maintenance
2.21.1 Handle with Care

As the microscope and all accessories are precision instruments, always handle
them with care, avoiding impact or abrupt movement during transportation. Do not
shake the package.
2.21.2 No Sun/Heat
Do not place the microscope and accessories in direct sunlight or in
high heat.
Keep the microscope and all accessories indoors in a dry and clean
place with temperatures between 32°-100° F (0°-40°C), maximum
relative humidity: 85%.
2.21.3 No Dust
Always keep the microscope covered by the dust cover when not in
use. The glass will attract dust, obscuring your view. Make sure to
keep it in a dry and clean place in order to prevent rust.
2.21.4 Keep Glass Clean

All glass surfaces must always be kept clean.
Oil and dirt from your fingerprints will obstruct your view.
Fine dust on the optical surface should be blown off using a hand blower or
gently wiped off with a soft lens tissue.
2.21.5 Use an optical lens cleaner.
Carefully wipe off oil or fingerprints on lens surfaces using a tissue moistened
with a small amount of 3:7 alcohol to ether mixture.
2.21.6 Do not use lens cleaner on the non-glass parts of the microscope.
Do not use the optical lens cleaning solution to wipe the surfaces of the
other components of the microscope.
All other parts, especially those made of plastic, should be cleaned with a
mild detergent.
2.21.7 Do not touch the glass.
Avoid touching the lenses on the objective, the eyepiece and all the
accessories with glass lenses.

T670 Microscope
2.21.8 Do not take apart the microscope.
Do not assemble or disassemble the microscope’s electrical

components yourself.
.
2.22 Darkfield Condenser Kit & Phase Contrast Kit Maintenance
2.22.1 Secure Setting

Ensure that the microscope is located on a smooth, level and firm
surface.
2.22.2 Do Not Take Apart

Do not attempt to disassemble any components.
2.22.3 Keep Kits Clean

Keep the kits clean; remove dirt and debris regularly.
Accumulated dirt on outer surfaces should be cleaned with a
damp cloth. More persistent dirt should be removed using a mild
soap solution. Do not use organic solvents for cleansing.
2.22.4 Keep Lens Clean

The outer surface of the optics should be inspected and cleaned periodically using
an air stream from an air bulb. If dirt remains on the optical surface, use a soft cloth
or cotton swab dampened with a lens cleaning solution (available at the camera
stores).
All optical lenses should be swabbed using a circular motion. A small amount of
absorbent cotton wound on the end of a tapered stick makes a useful tool for
cleaning recessed optical surfaces.
Avoid using an excessive amount of solvents as this may cause problems with
optical coatings or cemented optics or the flowing solvent may pick up grease
making cleaning more difficult.
2.22.5 Cool and Dry Storage

Store the instrument in a cool, dry environment. Put the condenser back in the
storage box when not in use.

T670 Microscope
3. General Specifications
3.1 Features
SPECIFICATION FEATURE
Optical System Infinity corrected
Nosepiece Reversed, ball bearing quintuple
Head Siedentopf trinocular head, 30-degree inclined
Eyepiece WH10X/22mm and WH20X/12
Infinity plan objective 10X, 20X, 40X (spring), 100X
Objectives (spring, oil)
Focusing Low position coaxial focus system
Interpupillary Adjustment
Range 2-3/16" - 3" (55-75mm)
Mechanical Stage 7.1"x5.9" (180mm × 150mm)
Stage Traveling Range 3"x 2" (75x50mm)
Division of Fine Focusing 0.0000787" (0.002mm)
Illumination Built-in Kohler LED Illumination System
Condenser N.A. 1.25, swing with iris diaphragm & filter
Power Supply 85V-230V wide voltage, CE certified
3.2 Objectives
Numerical
Aperture Magnification
Model (N.A.) Marks
Type Number Magnification Rating Medium (Color Ring)
DIN Infinity
Plan
Achromatic A4X 4X 0.10 Air Red
Objective
A10X 10X 0.25 Air Yellow
with
Associated A20X 20X
N.A. A40X 40X 0.65 Air Light Blue
Ratings A60X 60X 0.85 Air Dark Blue
(195mm) A100X 100X 1.25 Cedar Oil White

T670 Microscope
3.3 Eyepieces
Eyepieces
Magnification 5X 10X 15X 16X 20X 25X
Field of View Φ18 Φ18 Φ13 Φ15 Φ11 Φ9
3.4 Darkfield Condensers

Dry Oil
Darkfield Darkfield
SPECIFICATIONS Condenser Condenser
Model DK-DRY100 DK-OIL100
Numerical Aperture
(N.A.) Rating 0.7 – 0.9 1.36 – 1.25
Mounting Size (Diameter) 37mm 37mm
3.5 Phase Contrast Kits

Simple Phase Contrast Turret Phase Contrast
SPECIFICATIONS
Kit Kit
Model PCS PCT
Achromatic 10X/0.25, 160/0.17 Plan phase contrast 10X/0.25,
with built-in phase plate 160/0.17
Plan phase contrast 20X/0.40,
160/0.17
Phase Contrast Objective Achromatic 40X/0.65, 160/0.17 Plan phase contrast 40X/0.65,
with built-in phase plate, spring 160/0.17
Achromatic 100X/1.25, 160/0.17 Plan phase contrast 100X/1.25,
with built-in phase plate, spring, oil 160/0.17, Oil
Numerical Aperture (N.A.)
Rating 1.25 1.25
1 For 10X phase contrast objective 10 for 10X phase contrast objective
20 for 20X phase contrast objective
Turret Ring Plates 1 For 40X phase contrast objective 40 for 40X phase contrast objective
1 For 100X phase contrast 100 for 100X phase contrast
objective objective
Centering Telescope Focusing adjustable Focusing adjustable

T670 Microscope
4. Parameters
4.1 Electrical System
85V-230V wide voltage, CE certified
4.2 Microscope Parameters
Magnification 10x-2500x
Field of View Φ0.8mm~Φ4.5mm
Mechanical Tube Length 160mm
Object to Primary Image Distance 195mm
Fine Focusing Sensitivity 0.002mm

T670 Microscope
5. Recommended Accessories
(Purchase separately. Please visit www.amscope.com and search with SKU #, for more
information.)
5.1 Eyepieces
5X Eyepieces 20X Eyepieces 25X Eyepieces

SKU: EP5X23 SKU: EP20X23 SKU: EP25X23
10X w/ Pointer 10X w/ Reticle

SKU: EP10X23P SKU: EP10X23R
5.2 Darkfield Condensers
Dry Darkfield Condenser Oil Darkfield Condenser

SKU: DK-DRY100 SKU: DK-OIL100

T670 Microscope
5.3 Objective Lenses

Achromatic
2X 5X 20X 60X
SKU: A2X SKU: A5X SKU: A20X SKU: A60X
Plan Achromatic
Plan 4X Plan 10X Plan 40X Plan 100X

SKU: PA4X SKU: PA10X SKU: PA40X SKU: PA100X
5.4 Phase Contrast Kits
Simple Turret
SKU: PCS SKU: PCT

T670 Microscope
5.5 Cameras and Accessories

Cameras
To capture images, video, or view live display on a computer (PC/Mac OS X). Real-
Time Live Video Microscope Digital Camera, Reduction Lens, High Sensitivity
Sensor and Deluxe Calibration Kit.
350K 1.3 Mega 3 Mega 5 Mega 8 Mega 9 Mega 10 Mega

Pixel Pixel Pixel Pixel Pixel Pixel Pixel
SKU: SKU: SKU: SKU: SKU: SKU: SKU:
MU035 MU130 MU300 MU500 MU800 MU900 MU1000
Calibration Micrometer
Calibrate the camera software for on-screen measurements.
SKU: MR400
Charge-Coupled Device Television
CCD Digital CCD TV/Video 1920x1080 Full HD HDMI

(VGA, Trinocular Only) (Trinocular Only) (Trinocular Only)
SKU: CCD-MT SKU: CCD-NP SKU: HD1080
To view live display on a To view live display on a To view live display on a
computer monitor (VGA). television (RCA). computer monitor (VGA).

T670 Microscope
5.6 Fuses
Fuses For
Microscopes
SKU: FS-M
T1AL 220V
5.7 Slides
Prepared
25 Slides 50 Slides 100 Slides 200 Slides

SKU: PS25W SKU: PS50 SKU: PS100A SKU: PS200
Blank
50 Blank Slides 100 Blank Slides 144 Blank Slides 300 Blank Slides
SKU: BS-100P- SKU: BS-144P- SKU: BS-300P-
SKU: BS-50P-C 100S-22 200S-22 300S
5.8 Cleaners
Sparkle Microscope 3 in 1 Professional 3 in 1 Cleaning Kit

Optical Lens Cleaner Cleaning Kit for for Microscopes,
SKU: CLS Microscopes, Cameras Cameras and
and Laptops LCD Screens
SKU: CK-I SKU: CK-II

T670 Microscope
6. Troubleshooting
6.1 Optical Issues
SYMPTOM
SYMPTOM CAUSE REMEDY
OPTICAL ISSUES
Turn the nosepiece until it clicks into
One side of the field of view is The nosepiece is misaligned. place.
darker Stains, dust, or dirt has
accumulated on the objectives Clean all lenses with lens cleaner or a lint
or eyepieces. free non-abrasive cloth.
Stains, dust, or dirt has Clean the slide or use a new specimen if
Obstructions are observed in accumulated on the specimen. sample is destroyed.
the field of view Stains, dust, or dirt has
accumulated on the objective,
eyepieces, or Barlow lens. Clean the lens.
Add a cover slip. The objectives are
designed for use with a 0.17mm cover
There is no cover slip on the slip, so it is a requirement to use one for
slide. proper images.
The cover slip is not standard Replace the cover slip with the
sized. appropriate 0.17mm thickness slip.
The immersion oil has Thoroughly clean the objective lens with
accumulated on the dry lens cleaner or a lint free non-abrasive
objective. cloth
No immersion oil is used with Use immersion oil for better clarity and
the 100X objective. resolution.
Used wrong oil. Use standard cedar wood oil.
Unclear Image Adjust the aperture to have the light just
The aperture is not open to an larger than
appropriate diameter. the size of the condenser.
Stains, dust, or dirt has Clean the lens with lens cleaner or a non-
accumulated on the inlet of the abrasive lint free cloth, as well as spray
head. with compressed air.
Adjust condenser height to the top of the
The condenser is not in the travel range, and then adjust down to
right position. focus image.
Initial focus was at too high a Start focusing with the lowest objective
magnification. and then switch to the higher ones.
The slide thickness at higher
magnifications will impact clarity if the
The slide is upside down slide is upside down.
Adjust the brightness knob to a higher or
The brightness adjustment lower setting for color
The color of the image is not knob is not in the right position. clarity.
accurate
Remove color filter if natural light is
No filter is used or filter is in desired, or insert desired
use. filter.

T670 Microscope

OPTICAL ISSUES
One side of the field of Secure the slide to the stage with
view is dark or the image The specimen slide is not fixed. clips.
moves while focusing The nosepiece is not in the right Turn the nosepiece until it clicks into
position. place.
Adjust the iris diaphragm to allow the
light to be just larger than the
The iris diaphragm is too small. condenser.
The field of view is not Adjust condenser height to the top of
bright enough The condenser is not in the right the travel range, and then adjust
position. down to focus image.
Stains, dust or dirt has accumulated
on the condenser, objective, Clean the lens with lens cleaner or a
eyepieces, or base lens. non-abrasive lint free cloth.
6.2 Mechanical Issues

MECHANICAL ISSUES
The slide is not secured Adjust the slide to use the stage clips and secure
Unable to move the correctly. the sample.
slide smoothly. The mechanical stage is not Tighten the mechanical stage screws to better
properly secured. secure the stage.
The cover slip is not standard Replace the cover slip with the appropriate 0.17mm
sized. thickness slip.
The objective
touches the cover Be careful to avoid contact between objective and
slip. the slide when the limit stop is not engaged (unless
using the 100X objective with oil). To re-engage,
focus the sample, then lock the limit stop into place
The limit-stop is set too high to set maximum height at a safe but usable
or not engaged. distance.
Loosen it by adjusting the tension ring inside the
Focus-knob does coarse focus knob counterclockwise (close to the
not turn. arm of the microscope on the left of the
The tension knob is too tight. microscope).
Stage declines by Tighten it by adjusting the tension ring inside the

itself. coarse focus knob clockwise (close to the arm of
The tension knob is too loose. the microscope on the left of the microscope).
The coarse
focusing knob won’t Disengage the limit stop on the left side of the
raise the stage. Limit-stop is engaged. microscope inside the coarse focusing knob.
The fine focusing
knob won’t raise the Disengage the limit stop on the left side of the
stage. Limit-stop is engaged. microscope inside the coarse focusing knob.

T670 Microscope
6.3 Electrical Issues

ELECTRICAL ISSUES
The bulb/light source Replace the bulb. This unit uses our BH-
flickers. The bulb is close to 6V20W with our 20w unit or our BH-
burning out. 6V30W for the 30W unit.
The microscope is Insert the plug into the wall socket to
unplugged. achieve electrical illumination.
Check the bulb by unscrewing the base
(remove eyepieces first to prevent falling
The microscope does not The bulb is not inserted out) door and ensuring that the bulb is
light up. correctly. inserted.
Replace the bulb. This unit uses our BH-
6V20W with our 20w unit or our BH-
The bulb burned out. 6V30W for the 30W unit.
Replace with fuse on the bottom of the
The fuse burned out. microscope.
Use the correct power supply (110v if
The fuse burns out 110v unit, 220v if 220v
frequently. unit), or get a voltage adapter to convert to
the proper electrical
The voltage is too high. system.
Use the correct power supply (110v if
110v unit, 220v if 220v unit), or get a
voltage adapter to convert to the proper
electrical
The voltage is too high. system.
The bulb burns out Use the correct wattage bulb for the unit.
frequently. Using a higher wattage than it is rated for
can damage your unit (melt components
with additional heat), so please be sure to
use the correct one. Damage from
incorrect usage is not covered under
Used wrong bulb. warranty.

T670 Microscope
7. General Microscopy Guide

Microscopes come in a wide variety of types with many different features. Each
AmScope model is designed for specific uses and specific users. This glossary will help
illustrate what the variations mean and why they are useful.
Compound and Stereo Microscopes

Using a compound or a stereo microscope depends on the specimen being studied.
Compound microscopes are best for smaller

transparent specimens, like slides and biological
subjects.
Compound microscopes show a two-dimensional
image of the specimen (usually reversed and
upside-down)
The common magnification range of our

compound microscopes is between 40X-1000X,
could be up to 2500X. You need a minimum of
400X to study cell structure.
Stereo microscopes are best for larger specimens

you cannot see through.
Stereo microscopes show a 3D image. Three

dimensional imaging is perfect for performing
dissections, repairing circuit boards, studying
fossils and gems or examining any specimen
where you want to use your hands.
The magnification range of our stereo

microscopes is between 2X to 225X.

T670 Microscope
Base Lens
Base lenses direct the light source towards the

specimen.
Binocular Head-Rotating
A rotating binocular head is designed for maximum

flexibility in viewing options.
Binocular microscope heads allow for the easy adjustment

of the interpupillary distance (the distance between the
eyes), by moving the eyepieces toward or away from each
other.
The rotating feature allows for either forward or reverse

view, depending on whether you’d rather look at the
specimen or over it.
Condenser Lens
A condenser lens concentrates light on a specimen

and increases the resolution. An adjustable iris
controls the diameter of the beam of light entering
the lens system. Abbe Condenser lenses are
specially designed to mount under the stage.

T670 Microscope
Condenser Lens Adjustment Knob
The Condenser Lens Adjustment Knob changes the

distance between the light condenser and the base lens.
This allows you to control the concentration of the light
hitting your slide.
Darkfield Condenser Lens
A darkfield condenser lens produces bright images against a dark background for low
contrast biological specimens.
With brightfield lenses, a solid
beam of light illuminates the
objective lens. Darkfield condenser
lenses block the center of the
beam of light to produce a hollow
cone of light. Light does not enter
the objective lens directly. The
specimen scatters light, which then
enters the objective lens.
Brightfield Darkfield
Dimmer
Dimmers control the amount of light escaping from

the base lens.
DIN/JIS
DIN is the Deutsches Institut für Normung, the German Institute for Standardization,
an international standards organization determining the "standard" for many types of
technology. JIS is the Japanese Industrial Standard, specifying the standards used
for industrial activities in Japan.

T670 Microscope
Diopter
Small ring on the eyetube, used to focus ocular

lenses (eyepieces).
Eye Guards
Eye Guards fit over the eyepieces, they are for comfort and to
protect the glass in the eyepiece.
Eyepieces
Eyepieces are also called ocular lenses. Eyepieces come in
many magnifications and you replace them by swapping them
out of the eyetubes.
The eyepieces magnify the specimen further from the first

magnification through the objective lens. Each eyepiece is
marked with 2 numbers. The first number is the magnification and
the second is the field of view.
For example, an eyepiece marked WF10/20 has a magnification

of 10X and a field of view of 20mm.
Eyetubes
Eyetubes are also called ocular tubes. Eyetubes

house the eyepieces and camera adapters. You
change eyepeices by removing them from the
eyetubes and replacing them with the new ones.

T670 Microscope
Field of View and Working Distance
Field of view is how much of the specimen you can see

through the eyepiece. The linear field of view of the
eyepiece is divided by the magnification of the objective.
The higher the magnification, the smaller the field of
view.
Working distance is the distance between the

bottom of objective lens and the stage. You
change the working distance when you use the
coarse focusing knob.
Together, working distance and field of view

determine how much of the specimen you see
and how closely.
Focusing Knobs
Coarse Focus: This is the large knob on the side

of the microscope that moves the objective lens
up and down. It is used in conjunction with the
fine focus. Do not use this knob with the 100X
objective lens.
Fine Focus: The outer knob, used to fine-tune

the focus of a specimen in conjunction with the
coarse focus.

T670 Microscope
Head Types
Monocular
Monocular microscope heads have one eyepiece.
Binocular
Binocular microscope heads have two eyepieces.
Trinocular
Trinocular microscope heads have two eyepieces and a photo port

for a camera. This allows you to look at a specimen with a camera
without removing an eyepiece.
Multi-head
Multi head microscopes are specially designed for three-person

observation. Ideal for teaching and/or training purposes. It has a
binocular head and two monocular heads.
Simul-Focal
Simul-Focal heads mitigate the amount of re-focusing needed when

you change your view from the eyepieces to the monitor.
Perfect for lectures, teaching demonstrations, clinical examinations

and laboratory applications.

T670 Microscope
Immersion Oil
A special oil used with the 100X objective to concentrate the light and increase
the resolution of the image. At high magnifications the field of view is so small
that very little light passes. The light refracts, scatters and produces a dark
image.
A drop of oil is placed on the slide’s cover slip and the objective is lowered until
it touches the oil. The oil will match the specimen’s light refracting index to the
lens, adding more light to the specimen, which improves resolution and clarity.
Interpupillary Distance
Interpupillary Distance is the distance between your eyes. AmScope uses 2 types of
systems to change interpupillary distance.
Siedentopf heads adjust the interpupillary distance by rotating the

eyetubes around a central axis. A Siedentopf head changes the
interpupillary distance without changing the tube distance.
Jentsch heads adjust the interpupillary distance by moving the

eyetubes closer together or farther apart in a linear fashion. The
tube length changes when changing interpupillary distance, so the
user compensates by adjusting the focus of the eyepieces to
correspond to the new interpupillary distance.
Iris or Diaphragm
The diaphragm or iris is located under the stage and is an apparatus

that can be adjusted to vary the intensity, and size, of the cone of
light that is projected through the slide.
The iris adjustment slider allows you to adjust the opening of the iris.
Lenses
Microscopes have a two lens system, objective and ocular.
The Objective Lens is the lens closest to the specimen or object.
The Ocular Lens (Eyepiece) is the lens closest to the eye.

T670 Microscope
Light Bulbs-Caution
1. Turn off the microscope when not in use to preserve the life of the bulb.
2. Never touch a light bulb directly, especially when it’s turned on.
a. The light bulbs can get hot enough to burn skin. Wait until the bulb has cooled
completely before handling it.
b. The oil from your skin will create a hot spot on the bulb which will damage the
glass, dramatically shortening the life of the bulb.
c. When changing light bulbs cover skin with cloth or paper to handle the bulb.
This will protect both you and the bulb.
3. Hot bulbs will not damage the microscope. AmScope’s microscopes are designed
specifically to handle the heat output of the model’s bulb.
Lighting-Types
Tungsten
Tungsten light bulbs are the most economical, providing a reliable
source of light. They burn hotter than the other bulbs, but are the best
option for certain microscopes.
Fluorescent
Fluorescent bulbs burn cooler and brighter than tungsten bulbs. The
bulbs are more expensive than tungsten, but
last longer.
LED
LED light bulbs burn the coolest of all the bulbs and last the longest.
The bulbs are also the most expensive. Depending on use, LED
lights should last about 40,000 hours.
Halogen
Halogen light bulbs produce the most amount of light. The light is
very white and concentrated; the bulbs can get very hot and must be
cooled regularly. Depending on use, halogen light bulbs can last
anywhere from 1 week to 6 months.
Fiber Optic
Fiber optical lighting uses a system of flexible transparent fibers
made of plastic or glass. The light is transmitted between the two
ends of the fiber, allowing for greater illumination in confined spaces.

T670 Microscope
Limit Stop Knob
The limit stop is designed to prevent impact between

objective and slide. You may loosen the limit-stop knob in
order to give yourself the full range of motion for fine tuning
the focus when using the 40X and 100X objective lenses.
When the limit stop is off you will be able to damage the
microscope or the glass slide. For safety, engage the limit
stop once you have it close or in contact with the objective
(if using oil contact is required).
Magnification
Microscopes have a two lens system. Total Magnification is the power of two lenses
multiplied together.
E.g.: (10X Eyepieces) x (4X Objective) = 40X Total Magnification
Mechanical Stage
A Mechanical Stage is a flat mechanism that sits on top of

the stage and allows the viewer to move a specimen
small distances - a task that is otherwise difficult at higher
magnifications. Most mechanical stages are equipped
with an X and Y axis so the viewer can see how far the
slide has moved.
Mechanical Stage Control
The mechanical stage control moves the stage,

mechanically moving the slide along an X and Y axis for
optimal positioning.
The top ring moves the stage forward and backward. The
bottom ring moves the stage from left to right.

T670 Microscope
Nosepiece
This circular structure is where the different objective lenses are

screwed in. To change the magnification power, rotate the turret.
Numerical Aperture (N.A.)

N.A. is a rating for the resolution of the objective lens. The N.A. rating ranks the
objective lens’ ability to capture light and show fine detail.
Lens with larger numerical apertures capture finer details than lenses with smaller
numerical apertures. Generally, lenses with larger numerical apertures create a brighter
image, but the depth of field will be shallower.
N.A. Rating
Average
Objective Numerical
Lens Aperture
4X 0.1
10X 0.25
40X 0.65
100X 1.25
Parcentered
When changing objectives, the image of the specimen stays centered. Most compound
microscopes are parcentered.
Parfocal
When changing objectives, the image of the specimen stays in focus without
needing to adjust the coarse focusing knob. Not all compound microscopes are
parfocal.

T670 Microscope
Phase Contrast
Many biological specimens are virtually transparent when viewed with a typical
compound microscope. Phase contrast microscopy is a method that collects light from
specific incidents (phases) of light only to allow better contrast in viewing transparent
specimens.
Phase Contrast improves visibility by manipulating direct and diffracted light to produce
greater contrast without losing resolution. The major benefit is the ability to study living cells
in their natural state instead of killing them with stain.
Brightfield Phase Contrast
Phase Contrast Condenser Lenses
A specific condenser with a ring printed on it, used for phase contrast. The
magnification of the objective must match the magnification of the condenser.
Condensers are used to concentrate the light from a transmitted light on a sample for
illumination and viewing.
Phase Contrast Condenser Assembly
For phase contrast kits without a turret, the condenser assembly is the
mount for the condenser lenses.

T670 Microscope
Phase Contrast Objective
A specific objective with a ring printed on it that is used for phase

contrast.
The objective is the bottom lens that determines the resolution of

the image in the microscope, and is one of the two lenses that
compound to make total magnification.
Phase Contrast Turret
The phase contrast condensers are mounted on a rotating

turret much like the objectives on a microscope are. The
turret also has brightfield and darkfield condensers.
Telescope Lens-Centering
A lens that telescopes in one way or another, used in an eyepiece

slot to assist in centering the light in phase contrast microscopy.

T670 Microscope
Tension Knob
The large, innermost ring on the focusing knob.

Adjusts the tension of the focusing knobs.
Trinocular Port
A trinocular microscope has three viewing ports. There are two

eyepieces and a third port for photography and video.
The trinocular port is a 23mm adjustable photo port.

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Operator'S Manual: T670 Microscope

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What are the main parts of a microscope?

What are the main parts of a microscope?

What is the purpose of the condenser?

What is the purpose of the condenser?

OPERATOR’S MANUAL

(Please Read This Manual Before Using the Microscope)

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The reversed nosepiece configuration provides plenty of operating space in front of

Ø An Affordable Infinity Optical Microscopy System with Kohler Illumination!

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Ø Large Double Layer Mechanical Stage with Stain Resistant Finish

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2.1.2 Verify Packing List

Ø One Trinocular Siedentopf Head

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Remove the microscope body from the box and

The body of the microscope is composed of the

2.2.2 Loosen the Head Lock Screw

Loosen the metal knob located directly above the

2.2.3 Install the Microscope Head

Tighten the head lock screw to secure the head in place.

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Screw in the Trinocular port

If your camera has a c-mount, insert the c-mount adapter

2.2.5 Insert Eyepieces

Place the desired eyepieces into the empty

Be sure to avoid touching the lenses.

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2.2.6 Insert Objective Lenses

Unpack the objective lenses. Screw the

Start with the lowest magnification, and in order

Plug in the microscope and turn it on.

If no light emerges from the light source, adjust

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2.3 Adjusting the View

2.3.1 Choose forward or reverse viewing

The microscope head rotates to allow for forward or reverse viewing.

There is no difference as far as the optics; it depends on what’s comfortable. In

2.3.2 Focus the distance between your eyes.

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2.4 Specimen Set Up

2.4.1 Prepare the Specimen

Place the specimen to be studied on a glass

2.4.2 Secure the Slide

Place the slide on the stage, holding it snugly in

2.4.3 Center the Specimen

Using the mechanical stage controls, center the

The top ring moves the stage forward and

2.4.4 Adjust the dimmer if more light is needed.

To adjust the illumination, slowly turn the dimmer

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Turn the nosepiece to choose an objective. It is easiest

Under the diopter on the eyepiece, there are numbered

2.5.3 Focus one eye at time

1. Look with one eye through the eyetube

2.5.4 Focus your other eye