IOT Unit 3 Part 3 IP As The IoT Network Layer Access Technologies

Internet of Things ( Elective -2 )
Unit : 3 IP as the IoT Network

Layer
Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan 1

Unit : 3 IP as the IoT Network Layer
3.2 Connecting Smart Objects,

3.3 Communications Criteria,
3.4 IoT Access Technologies.
3.5 IP as the IoT Network Layer,
3.6 The Business Case for IP,
2
Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan
Defining 'Internet of Design and Innovating Opportunities for IoT
Things' for Beginners IoT Applications Solutions in India
State and Data

Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan Data, data and data everywhere3 3
Everything has a State
Expiry Date Heart Rate Name of a Person Current Time
4
State is Expressed Attribute Value
with Attributes
Temperature 24 C
Battery Level 65%

State can be expressed
with multiple attributes
Name Thermostat
Others …
5
State Machines
Few things expose internal

state using state machines
Sometimes users control the

state
Bulb
6
The Need for Data and
Control
Location Monitoring of Control lights
information health parameters and appliances
Need current Road conditions for Access control

energy tariff traction control for security
Waste level Controlling traffic Parameter setting

detection signals for machines
7
Existence of State and the Need for Data
Data - Some devices have it; other devices or people want to use it
Data
State User 1
Thing
Data Data
User 2 User 3
Data Provider Data Users
8
How does the User get the Data?
Data Providers Data Users
9
Bridging Data Providers and Users
Data Providers Data Users
10
The Internet Evolution
Internet of Things
Trillion nodes
Sensors, Objects
Internet Fringe
Billion nodes
Computers, mobiles
Internet Core
Million nodes
Routers, Servers
11
Key Take aways
State Everything has state

Thing State is represented using attributes
Data State is transitioned into data from owner to users

User Many users will have same data for different purpose
The Internet connects the data users to the owners

Internet It can scale to provide connectivity for trillions of devices
12
Internet of Things
The next BIG thing on the Planet Earth!
13
Irrigation - Manual
Knowledge
14
Irrigation - with the Internet
Internet
Comfort
15
Irrigation - with IoT
Internet
Intelligence
16
Irrigation - IoT allows Innovation
Internet
Smart
17
Internet of Things - the Definition
Self-organizing and self-healing Exchanging information between

network of objects object-to-object and object-to-people
Internet
Internet as the major Removes physical barriers and helps in
communication medium smart decision-making by harnessing
the data
Real-time Information
Better decision making
Safety & Security Aging Population

Better living standards Requires better care
Lifestyle Limited Resources

Convenience Requires conservation
Information Generation Govt. Initiatives

Measurements and Better citizen services
tracking
Innovation
New business models
IoT Applications
Industrial
Smart Cities Smart Water
Control
Smart Grid Smart Farming Smart Homes
Smart
Smart Retail eHealthcare
Environment
Safety and Customer

Smart Logistics
Security Service
20
IoT is Pervasive Computing!
Time
1:1
1:N N:1
Server Personal Pervasive

Computing Computing Computing
21
Optim New business
al opportunities
livin
g
Future for the Job creation

next generations
Improved living
standards
Empowers Economic
people development
Internet of Things will have direct implications on the physical world

23 22
Key Takeaway
Better world Real-time data
IoT
Saves environment, More visibility about
money and even lives the real world
Enables agility and faster

exception handling
23
Designing and Innovating IoT Applications
A scalable approach for designing the IoT based applications
24
Protocol Layers for the IoT
APPLICATION HTTP, CoAP
TCP/UDP
TRANSPORT IPv6, 6lowpan
NETWORK IEEE 802.15.4, WiFi, Bluetooth low

energy*, 3G/LTE, Satellite
MAC
PHY
25
Access Technologies for IoT
Parameter IEEE 802.15.4 WiFi BLE
868, 915MHz
Frequency Band 2.4, 5.0 GHz 2.4GHz
2.4GHz
Topology Start, Mesh Star Star
Range 100m-3Km 250m 100m
Data Rate 250KBps 600Mbps 1Mbps
Battery, Mains,
Power Mains Battery
Hybrid
Residential and Residential and
Applications Industrial, outdoors
office environment personal
Internetworking 6lowpan IPv6 Under development

'Things' - Design Considerations
Physical
Low Cost Low Power Lossy Links
Constraints
Low Low Minimal Small

Range BoM or no UI Footprint
Less Low Self

Code Data Healing
'Things' - The Constrained Devices
Size of Class 0 Class 1 Class 2
Code <100 KiB ~100 KiB ~250 KiB
Data <10 KiB ~10 KiB ~50 KiB
IP Connectivity Gateway CoAP TCP/IP

Processing One simple Function Multiple Functions Flexible
Power Energy Harvesting, Battery, Rechargeable Battery, Mains Power
Moore's law will be used for reduction of cost and power requirements
28
Designing the Things
Inputs Outputs
Design for sleep
Receiving is expensive
SoC Time is energy - transmit quick
Define the state model
Battery Define a set of services
Size is cost:
Sensors Button cell > AAA > AA > Mains
29
How long a Button Cell would last?
Typical Spec of a device
Frequency Band: 2.4GHz Assumptions:
Data rate: 250 Kbps Transaction duration: 3ms
Operating voltage 1.8 to 3.6 V Current consumption, avg: 30mA
Tx power: 5dBm (3.2mW) No. of measurements: 60 per hour
Receiver sensitivity: –98 dBm No. of transactions: 80 per hour
Current consumption:
RX - 22 mA, TX - 33 mA, Sleep - <1 µA
CR2032: ~Typical capacity 225 mAh = 810,000,000 mAms
No. of transactions: 810,000,000 / (30 x 3) = 9,000,000
No. of transactions per day: 80 x 24 = 1,920
Duration of the battery: 9,000,000 / 1,920 = 4,687 days = 12.8 years
31 30
Autonomous Services
Clients
User 1 User 2 User 3 A temperature service

A time service
No bleeding between users or services
Services Client behavior need not be defined

Client use case determines the use of a service
Attributes
Allows innovation in client implementation
Device
Server
32 31
Use Case
Use case 1: Switching AC Use case 2: Scheduled light

Client
ON ON/OFF
AC Temp. Time Light

Service Service Service Service
Use case defines how to use the services exposed by the devices
33 32
Autonomous Services - Innovation
n Services = (2^n) – 1 possible Use cases
100 Services = 1 267 650 600 228 229 401 496 703 205 375 Use cases
200 Services = more than the number of atoms on the Earth
Autonomous services allow Unlimited Innovation

34 33
Building Context
Door Closed
Projector ON
Meeting is in progress
Chairs occupied Context
Table Interactions
Other inputs
Lights OFF
Bed Occupied
Person is sleeping
No movement Context
Time
Other inputs
35 34
App Deployment - PAN
Personal Area IoT Networks
35
Deployment in Metro Areas
Large scale/metro area IoT networks
36
Key Takeaways
Application
Use Cases
Services
State
Attribute 1 Attribute 2 … Attribute n
37
Business Opportunities for IoT in India
Key condiderations for building IoT products and services
38
Gandhi
Local First
Minimize the distance between
producer and consumer!
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

(1869 – 1948)
39
India
Agriculture
700K GDP is IT contributes
300M Mobile contributes
employable proportional to 7% of GDP;
Internet Users; 25% of GDP;
graduates per manufacturing; Saturated at
Second to Employment
year; Twice 1.7% GDP from 58% of global
China Electronics
for 56%
that of China market share
Indians
India - The Land of Opportunity for the Internet of Things!

What does IoT mean for India?
Internet of Things
Opportunity
India on Threshold
Be Proactive Be Laggard
India on Technology India on Threat
Produce IoT Solutions Produce Gandhis

Considerations for Building an IoT Product
Identify your customer

Collaborate to innovate
in the ecosystem
Focus on traction
90% Cost savings building and customer
10x Better experience acquisition
Easy fit into the Customer Service is

ecosystem Everything

43 42
Your Product/Service
Deep
Curve Jumping
The user should continue to
get new value Elegant Intelligent
The Art of the Start 2.0, Guy Kawasaki Empowering Complete

44 43
IoT Business Model
Sunk money subscriptions

If the customer is not ready for this,
you do not have a business case.
Recurring Revenues
44
IoT Markets
eCommerce and Supply Chain

Large Farms and warehouses
Manufacturing
Energy Commercial market is
Transport preferred over the
consumer and
Healthcare government markets
Focus on RoI in 2 to 3 years
45
IESA & TiE Assistance for IoT Startups
Assistance for
Design for Manufacturability
Testing & Certification
IoT for India: TiE and IESA Initiative
Interoperability and Standards
http://www.iotforindia.org
46
Be Courageous..
“ My message especially to young

peoples is
to
have courage to think differently, courage
to invent, to travel the unexplored path,
courage to discover the impossible and
to conquer the problems and succeed ”.
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
(1931 – 2015)

Key Takeaways
India has lot of Business model for

opportunities recurring revenues
Build curve jumping

Be courageous
solutions
48
Questions ..?
Thank You!

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Internet of Things ( Elective -2 )

Unit : 3 IP as the IoT Network

Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan 1

3.2 Connecting Smart Objects,

State and Data

Expiry Date Heart Rate Name of a Person Current Time

Battery Level 65%

Few things expose internal

Sometimes users control the

Need current Road conditions for Access control

Waste level Controlling traffic Parameter setting

Data Providers Data Users

Data Providers Data Users

State Everything has state

Data State is transitioned into data from owner to users

The Internet connects the data users to the owners

Self-organizing and self-healing Exchanging information between

Safety & Security Aging Population

Lifestyle Limited Resources

Information Generation Govt. Initiatives

Smart Grid Smart Farming Smart Homes

Safety and Customer

Server Personal Pervasive

Future for the Job creation

Internet of Things will have direct implications on the physical world

Better world Real-time data

Enables agility and faster

APPLICATION HTTP, CoAP

NETWORK IEEE 802.15.4, WiFi, Bluetooth low

Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan 26

Low Low Minimal Small

Less Low Self

Size of Class 0 Class 1 Class 2

Code <100 KiB ~100 KiB ~250 KiB

Data <10 KiB ~10 KiB ~50 KiB

IP Connectivity Gateway CoAP TCP/IP

User 1 User 2 User 3 A temperature service

Services Client behavior need not be defined

Use case 1: Switching AC Use case 2: Scheduled light

AC Temp. Time Light

n Services = (2^n) – 1 possible Use cases

Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan

Personal Area IoT Networks

Large scale/metro area IoT networks

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

India - The Land of Opportunity for the Internet of Things!

Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan 40

India on Technology India on Threat

Produce IoT Solutions Produce Gandhis

Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan 41

Identify your customer

Easy fit into the Customer Service is

Internet of Things by Dr.M.K.Jayanthi Kannan

The Art of the Start 2.0, Guy Kawasaki Empowering Complete

Sunk money subscriptions

eCommerce and Supply Chain

Focus on RoI in 2 to 3 years

“ My message especially to young