Liquid and Solid Content Vol%: Prepa

Faculty of Engineering
Petroleum Engineering Department

Third stage
Drilling Engineering lab
Liquid and solid content vol%
Prepared by: Omer ikhlas
Supervised by: Mr Muhammed Jamal
Mr Awara Ghafur
Group:B
Aim
To determine the percentage of liquid and solid in the mud
Introduction
The 50 ml Oil and Water Retort provides a simple, direct-reading method
for measuring volumes of water, oil, and solids contained in drilling
fluids. Oil and water retorts can also measure water or solids in oil
samples, water and oil saturation in core samples, or volume of oil in
polluted sea water.
The sample is heated until the liquid vaporizes. These vapors pass through a condenser
and are collected in a graduated cylinder. Oil and water volumes are read directly from
the graduated cylinder. Total solids are determined by subtracting the oil and water
volumes from total sample volume. For fresh-water fluids, the relative amount of barite
and clay can be estimated. Corrections must be made for salt in the calculation for
solids content by volume.
Theory
The retort apparatus is used to determine the amount and type of solids and liquids
present in a drilling mud sample. Mud is
placed in the steel container and then heated untl the liquid porton is vaporized. The
vapor is passed through a condenser in
which it is cooled and then collected in a graduated cylinder. The volume of the water
and oil is measured as a fracton of the
total mud volume. For accurate results a true mud density should be used for
calculatons, an accurate air free sample must be
used and a volume correcton factor should be determined for oil content if it is present
in the mud.
The correcton factor, F0, can be determined from running the retort in the manner
described below and determining the oil
correcton factor as the fracton of oil recovered by running the oil blank. (For some
crude oils F0 may be as low as 0.6, i.e. only
6 mL of an accurately measured 10 mL sample were recovered)
Procedure
1. Prepare the retort for service. See Section 6.1 Equipment Care.
2. Lift the retort assembly (Figure 4-1) from the heating compartment.
Figure 4-1 Retort Assembly in Heating Compartment
3. Using the square bar retort wrench, separate the sample chamber from the upper
chamber as shown in Figure 4-2,
Figure 4-2 Retort Wrench to Separate Chamber Assembly

4. Pack the upper chamber with steel wool. See Figure 4-3.
5. Fill the sample chamber with the sample and replace the lid. Let excess sample
flow from the lid. Wipe excess sample from the chamber and lid
6. Clean and lubricate retort threads with high-temperature lubricant.
7. Screw the sample chamber with lid into the upper chamber. Hand-tighten using
the square bar retort wrench.
8. Place the retort assembly in the heating compartment and put the insulating
cover in place.
9. Add a drop of wetting agent (P/N 209938) to the graduated cylinder (or a
graduated receiver) and place the graduated cylinder under the drain port of the
condenser.
10. Connect the power cord. Move the power switch up to the ON position.
11. Let the retort heat until the pilot lamp goes out, indicating the temperature has
been reached.
12. After the test ends, move the power switch down to the OFF position.
13. Read the volumes of oil and water. Adding another drop of wetting agent will
make it easier to read the meniscus.
Tools
Discussion
Q/why we use steel wool?
Because the solid particles stick to the steel wool and our experiment runs smoothly.
Q/Why we read voltage and not read the temperature directly ?
Because we don’t know which temperature we need exactly to evaporate the liquid from the mud but
we know what range of voltage we need.
Q/ how do we clean the chamber?
We remove the steel wool using crock-screw then we clean inside.

Refrence:
http://www.ofite.com/products/drilling-fluids/product/2374-retort-kit-50-ml
images from google.com
https://www.fann.com/fann/products/drilling-fluids-testing/oil-water-solids/retort-50ml.html

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Faculty of Engineering

Petroleum Engineering Department

Figure 4-1 Retort Assembly in Heating Compartment

Figure 4-2 Retort Wrench to Separate Chamber Assembly

6. Clean and lubricate retort threads with high-temperature lubricant.

Q/Why we read voltage and not read the temperature directly ?

Q/ how do we clean the chamber?

We remove the steel wool using crock-screw then we clean inside.

images from google.com

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