2016 Engg7q1

2016
LEARNING MODULE
English G7 | Q1
Knowing Myself
NOTICE TO THE SCHOOLS
This learning module (LM) was developed by the Private Education Assistance
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ENGLISH 7
Module 1: Knowing Myself
How can the tales and wise sayings of the past help us live
today?INTRODUCTION AND FOCUS QUESTIONS
Let us start this unit by recalling stories and wise sayings that you have
heard from your grandparents or from an old folk such as the famous Lola
Basyang. Think about this question:
How can the tales and wise sayings of the past help us live today?
MODULE COVERAGE
This module has the following lessons:
Lesson Title You’ll learn to… Estimated

No. Time
Identify and formulate simple
Learning from the
Lesson 1 and compound sentences. 15 Days
Past
Formulate grammatically
Knowing My correct sentences and retell
Lesson 2 10 Days
Origin tales using the written mode.
Use grammatically correct

Exploring Filipino sentences in retelling tales
Lesson 3 15 Days
Culture using the oral mode.
Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 1

under the GASTPE Program of the Department of Education
Concept Map of the Module
Here is a simple illustration of the lessons you will cover in this module
Welcome to the
wonderful world of
storytelling!
Riddles Proverbs Fables Legends Myths Epics
Expected Skills
To do well in this module, you need to remember and do the following:
1. Determine how expressive and oral skills serve as carriers of meaning.

2. Use expressive skills when reading short passages aloud and engaging
in interpersonal communication.
3. Use words that are suitable to the purpose of a communication
situation.
4. Be familiar with, appreciative of, and critical towards selected
Philippine folk literature texts and other parallel selections.
5. Compose grammatically correct expressions and sentences.
6. Use appropriate mechanisms/tools in the library for locating resources.
7. Establish goals for learning based on self and peer assessment.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Let’s find out how much you have already known about Philippine Folk
Literature by reading the provided text and answering the questions
that follow.
READING TEXT
One day, Darang Magayon was bathing in the river when she slipped on
the rocks. She did not know how to swim. Fortunately, Panganoron, the son of
Rajah Karilaya from the Tagalogs, saw her calling for help in the Yaw river and
saved her.
After saving her life, Panganoron started to court her. After some days she
finally accepted his proposal. Consequently, he decided to ask Darang Magayon's
father, Rajah Makusong for her hand in matrimony. The father accepted
Panganoron to be his daughter’s husband.
When Pagtuga heard of the news that Darang Magayon was to be

bethrothed to Panganoron, he got very angry. Pagtuga kidnapped Rajah
Makusong and took him to the mountains. Then he told everyone that he would
release him only if Darang Magayon would marry him. Afraid that Pagtuga would
hurt her father, she accepted to be his wife.
When Panganoron knew about the situation, he asked his warriors to follow
him to the mountains to fight against Pagtuga. The battle was fierce. Panganoron
killed Pagtuga, but he was also eventually killed by an arrow thrown by one of
Pagtuga's warriors. Sadly, while Darang Magayon ran to the arms of her beloved
Panganoron, an arrow pierced her heart and killed her.
After the battle was over, Rajah Makusong laid the bodies of both lovers in
a single grave. As days passed by, people who went to the grave to pay respect,
saw that the grave was rising and turning into a land form. They started to call it
Mayon, short for Magayon.
Each time that the Mayon volcano would erupt, some would say that such
eruptions are songs of love between the lovers. People say that the spirit of Darang
Magayon lives on the volcano. On the hand, Panganoron, whose spirit is believed
to be living on the clouds above the volcano, would disperse rain to keep its flowers
and plants fresh, so it stays beautiful.

1. What does the reading selection manifest?
The story…
a. mirrors almost exactly the origin of a particular volcano.

b. depicts consequences of parental interventions.
c. exemplifies heroic adventure of Panganoron.
d. poses a love story of genuine roots.
2. It is a story of ___________________.
a. courage and faith
b. honesty and hope
c. love and courage
d. hope and sacrifice
3. If the reading text were to explain the actions of gods and heroes or a natural
phenomenon, then it would be a sample of a ____________.
a. myth
b. legend
c. epic
d. folk tales
4. If you were to write an epic, what element should you consider?

a. origin of a place
b. moral of a story
c. adventure of a hero
d. love between the hero and heroine
5. Using the Dewey Decimal System, which classification do the legends, myths,
epics and folktales fall under?
a. 400-499 Language
b. 700-799 Arts
c. 800-899 Literature
d. 300-399 Social Sciences
6. Which of the following words is stressed differently?

a. accepted b. proposal c. everyone d. another
7. What does indifferent mean as used in the sentence,

“Pedro, who seemed indifferent, refused to participate in class discussions
about Philippine folk literature”?
a. curious b. uninterested c. agitated d. quiet
8. Based on its structure, how do you classify the following sentence?
“People say that the spirit of Darang Magayon lives on the volcano.”
a. simple
b. complex
c. compound
d. compound-complex
9. The reading text is a tale that was passed along by word of mouth. This means it is
part of the ____________ of our country.
a. culture
b. oral tradition
c. heritage
d. customs
10. Which of the following is true?

Philippine Literature______________________.
a. started during the coming of Spaniards in 1521.
b. is based on how ancient people talk.
c. traces its roots in oral tradition.
d. has an ethnic origin.
11. Which of the comments below would you give if you were to assess the subject-verb
agreement in the sentence, “Each of the legends are interesting”? The subject-verb
agreement in the sentence is______.
a. correct b. incorrect c. partly correct d. cannot be determined
12. Juana was asked to do an oral retelling of the reading text. Which statement below
manifests that she is doing it effectively?
a. She tells the story loud enough to make the listeners look at her
intently.
b. She moves around the room while retelling the story so that she would
catch the attention of her audience.

c. She establishes eye contact with her audience, varies her voice for
dramatic effect, and uses simple and understandable language.
d. all of the above.
13. When Ella was retelling a story, she used a monotonous voice and mispronounced
many words. Why is it important for her to articulate words clearly and correctly? It is
important in order _____________.
a. to communicate effectively
b. to impress her audience
c. to increase her word power
d. to enhance her reading comprehension
14. The choices below share the same meanings. In retelling a story, which word would
you use to describe your appreciation for a character’s trait?
a. determined b. pig-headed c. stubborn d. unreasonable
15. Why is it important to know the right word in any writing situation? Knowing how a
word is used ______________________.
a. shows mastery of the English language
b. endears the readers to the writer
c. determines its meaning
d. impresses the readers
16. In doing a retelling of the origin of your locality, why should you consider your
audience?
a. to grab their attention
b. to know the big words that can truly amaze them
c. to leave a lasting impression of your storytelling ability
d. to know the content and language most suitable to them
17. Why is there a need to study folk literature?

a. Folk literature should be given importance.
b. Folk literature is rarely appreciated in the 21st century.

c. Folk literature offers enchanting stories about nature.
d. Folk literature provides insights into the people’s culture and beliefs.
18. You were asked by Philippine Daily Inquirer to tell a story which forwards a lesson
and uses characters that will be most interesting to young children. What tale would
you choose?
a. myth b. legend c. epic d. fables
19. How would you revise the sentence, “Juan commanded the goat and shook it’s
whiskers until his mother and brothers had all the silver they could carry”?
Change__________.
a. "there" to "their."
b. "he" to "it."
c. "it’s" to "its."
d. No revision is needed.
20. Matanglawin Publication has asked you to do a written retelling of an existing

legend. Which of the choices below should you NOT consider? You should not
use___.
a. words produce vivid imagery.
b. words with fewer syllables.
c. sentences with varied structures.
d. sentences the evoke vivid imagery.

21-25. In 3-5 sentences, retell the reading text using your own words.
The reading text is adapted from: http://www.read-legends-and-

myths.com/mayon-volcano.html

Have you ever wondered how the ancient Filipino teenagers interacted with
their peers and the elderly? What kind of guessing games do they play to
entertain themselves? What advice did their elderly tell them so that they
would grow mature and wise? As you attempt to know their culture and the
conversations they had with their peers and elderly, think about this question:
ACTIVITY 1. Knowing You, Knowing Me
Fill out the second column based on the questions found below. Accomplish the
3rd column using your experience as the point of reference.
How did Filipino teenagers interact with their peers and the elderly?
What advice did the elderly tell them so that they would grow up wisely?
What guessing games do they play to amuse themselves?
Interactions Youth of the Past Youth of the Present
Peer
Parents
ACTIVITY 2. Reflection Checkpoint

Go back to the comparison table found in Activity 1. Think about the similarities
and differences between you and the youth from the past. Write your insights on
the box below.

My
Thinking
Box
ACTIVITY 3. KWL Chart
Below is a KWL Chart. It will help you check your understanding of the lessons
in this unit. Fill in with appropriate information the different sections of this
module. Now, you are supposed to complete the first and second columns with
what you know and wonder about the topic. Click on the “Submit” button to
submit your response.
Philippine Folk Literature

K W L
KNOW WONDER LEARNED
Write what you think you know about Write what you wonder or want to learn Write what you have learned about the
the topic. about the topic. topic.


.
ACTIVITY 4. Inventory of Philippine Folk Literature
Answer these preliminary questions before you fully explore what

Philippine folk literature is. Jot down your answers to these questions in
the thought bubble found below.
1. What does folk literature mean?

2. What are examples of Philippine folk literature?
3. Under what categories do these examples fall under?

End of Explore
On your own, you tried to determine what the people of the past talk
about or believe in. Get to know more about these through the next
learning segments.
Your goal in section is to gain more information about the two kinds
of folk literature in our country. Continue to think of the question:
ACTIVITY 5. Amuse me!
Take a look at how these youngsters entertain themselves through a guessing

game that tests wit or intellectual ability.
Isang balong Bibig

malalim na puno
ng patalim.
nutart.blogspot.com

English Translation:
Girl: a deep well full of sharp instruments
Boy: mouth
ACTIVITY 6. Brainy Battle!
Follow the instructions found below:
A. Go to this link:
Mga Bugtong: Tagalog Riddles
http://tagaloglang.com/philippine-literature/filipino-riddles/mga-bugtong-at-sagot-tagalog-
riddles-answers.html
B. Play this game with a peer. Take turns in guessing what is being referred to
by the statements found in the link.
C. Use the scoring sheet to tabulate your correct answers to determine who
wins in this game of wits.
Brainy Battle
Scoring Sheet
Names
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
# of
Correct
Answers
Congratulations!
You have just put your wit to a test through the universal art of riddling. Now,
click the next arrow to know more about riddles.

Refer to the riddles as you write your observations on the following questions:
Questions to Answer:
1. What do the riddles talk about? Take note of the answers for the various
riddles.
2. What do you notice about the highlighted words at the end of each line?
What does it say about the structure of riddles?
Nang hatakin ko ang baging, Limang puno ng niyog,

isa'y matayog.
nagkagulo ang mga matsing.
3. What purpose do riddles play as Filipinos interact with one another?
4. What are riddles and how do they manifest the rich culture and tradition of our
country?
5. How can the tales and wise sayings of the past help us live today?
3.

Riddles, which are famous among Filipinos, are witty and puzzling
statements referring to animals, objects or fruits found in the country.
Since riddles have been passed from one generation to another, their
origins are difficult to trace. This kind of folk literature is used not only
to entertain but also to showcase the Filipino wit and intellect.
Philippine riddles can either be prose or verse. They are usually written in
couplets.
The anthology of ASEAN FOLK LITERATURE edited by Damiana L.

Eugenio outlines the stylistic devices manifested in Philippine riddles.
1. Balance and parallelism:

Araw araw bagong buhay; Every day it has new life;
Taon-taun namamatay. Every year it dies.
Kalendaryo Calendar
2. Parallel statements expressing contrast:

Mataas kung nakaupo; Tall when sitting,
Mababa kung nakatayo. Short when standing.
Aso Dog
3. Paradox, or reversal of the expected:

Nang maala-ala’y naiwan, When remembered, it was left behind;
Nadala nang malimutan When forgotten it was carried.
Amor siko Amor seco
4. An odd or illogical action:

Nagsaing si Hudas Judas cooked rice
Itinapon ang bigas He threw the rice
1 Ki h h A dk t th i t
ACTIVITY 7. Of Wit and Wisdom
Study the pictures and sayings below and then answer the questions that follow.
Write your thoughts on the thinking box.
Source: http://mmdelrosario.hubpages.com/hub/Salawikain_Filipino_Proverbs#
1. What are these sayings called?

2. What do these sayings express?
3. What is the structure of these sayings?
4. What is the function or purpose of these wise sayings?
5. How do these wise sayings reflect the culture of our country?

My
Thinking
Box

Filipino Proverbs are wise sayings. Like riddles, they are handed
from one generation to another. It is quite difficult to trace their roots
since they were originally in oral form. They are culled from the
wisdom of daily living, providing lessons and observations about life.
Proverbs manifest not only the richness of Philippine culture but also
the values and philosophy of Filipinos.
The anthology of ASEAN FOLK LITERATURE edited by Damiana L.

Eugenio provides examples which are classified under the following categories:
1. Proverbs expressing a general attitude towards life:

11. And dalan sa langit The road to heaven
12. Wala bakbakig kabulakan is not strewn with thorns.
13. Ceb
14.
2. Ethical Proverbs:
15. Habang maiksi ang kumot While your blanket is short,
16. Magtiis mamaluktot Endure crouching under it.
17. Tag
18.
3. Proverbs expressing values:

19. Ing mayap a lagyu A good name
20. Maiguit ya king gintu. Is better than gold.
ACTIVITY 8. Express Yourself!
Imagine that you have been selected to represent your country in an

international conference geared towards promoting culture and heritage among
the youth today. You meet someone who is keen on knowing about your country’s
customs and traditions. What would you say? How would you express your ideas
clearly? Fill in the dialogue boxes with things you would say. Take turns in playing
this role.

ACTIVITY 9. Word Power
A. Examine this screenshot and look for the words diverse and ancient.
B. Determine which pair of words shows opposite or similar meanings.

1. What are words with similar meanings called? _____________
2. What are words with opposite meanings called? _____________
A synonym is a word that has the same meaning as another word. On

the other hand, an antonym is a word with a meaning opposite to that
of another word. In a dictionary or thesaurus, synonyms and
antonyms are often given as part of the definition of a word. Take a
look at the sample found below.
SOURCE: http://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/wise?show=0&t=1341365358
C. Using a dictionary or thesaurus, look for the antonym and synonym of the
highlighted words found in the riddles and proverbs. Write your answers on
the table.
1. “Better a slip of the foot than a slip of the tongue.”

2. “He who questions much excels the wise.”
3. “A man in extreme need will clutch even at a sharp knife.”
4. “Leaves of Cappa-cappa turned backwards and identical.” EARS
5. “A deep well full of sharp instruments.” MOUTH
WORD SYNONYM ANTONYM

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
ACTIVITY 10. Hear ye! Hear ye!
A. Listen to the following conversation among the members of the International

Cultural Club. Note the correct pronunciation of the highlighted words.
Michael: Carla, this is Maria de La Cruz.

Carla: Nice to meet you Maria. I’m Carla. So, I heard you are from the
Philippines.
Maria: That’s right!
Carla: Cool! What’s Philippines like?
Maria: Well, it’s a beautiful country! And its culture is diverse.
Carla: Great! I need to write an article about your country’s ancient past. Can
you
help me with it?
Maria: That’s interesting! Sure. I can meet you at the library later. Let’s talk
after I get my borrower’s card.
Carla: That sounds fine. See you there!
B. Observe the contrast in the pronunciation of these words.
Short Long
it Eat
this These
is Ease

ACTIVITY 11. Speak easy!
Practice saying these words correctly.

bit-beat hit-heat sit –seat ship-sheep
Web Link:
Access this link to get a complete list of words that differ in one sound:
http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/minimal-pairs.htm
Go to this link to get free online pronunciation exercises:

http://www.shiporsheep.com/
ACTIVITY 12. Library Walk
Aside from your school library, your city or town library can also
provide resources and services to support your research needs.
As you study the online forms, think about the importance of giving
accurate information.
Many libraries such

as the National Library of the
Philippines have shifted to
automated library book
borrowing system (LBB
system). In this case, library
users need to fill out an
online form.

Forms require names, birth dates, and addresses which need to be
written in different ways. Before you fill out any form, look for specific
directions such as writing your last name first or using uppercase or
capital letters. Follow these general rules when filling out forms:
1. Read each item in the form very carefully.

2. Follow instructions for printing or encoding.
3. Supply true and specific data or information.
National Library Registration Process

Source: National Library of the Philippines
ACTIVITY 13. Language in Focus
What happens when a person writes the way he speaks? Why is it

important to know the difference between spoken and written
language? Explore the answers to these questions by taking a
look at the samples below.

1. Which of the two forms of communication

sounds more formal? Why?
2. In what way do they differ?
Instinctively , many people are aware of the differences between oral

and written language. Written language is more formal than spoken
language. Knowing the differences between the two is crucial in
making writing formal and thus suitable to the academic setting.
Found below are some of the typical features of spoken and written
language as listed by Craig Thaine (2010).
Spoken Language Written Language

Spontaneous and sometimes redundant Planned, precise, and well thought out
Informal in style Formal in style
Instant feedback Delayed or no feedback
Utterances not complete sentences Use of simple and complex sentences
Stress, intonation and pauses for Use of punctuation for ensuring clarity
conveying meaning
ACTIVITY 14. Write it out!
Go to the web link found below and read the article about Ancient Philippine
Archipelago.
Web Link: http://ancientweb.org/explore/country/Philippines

As you read, note the features of written communication in the specified text.
Write your answers in the box below.

Note that formal written communication uses complete sentences. You

have learned in earlier grades that a sentence is a set of words that is
complete in itself, thus it contains a subject and predicate. According
to structure, a sentence can be simple, compound, complex or
compound complex. In this lesson, we will focus on learning about and
writing simple and compound sentences. Read the excerpted paragraph below
and make your generalizations about these two kinds of sentences.

SOURCE: http://coconuter.blogspot.com/2007/11/philippines-ancient-culture.html
Our ancestors spoke many languages and dialects as there were tribes.
When the Spaniards arrived, our forefathers already had known how to read and write in their own
ancient alphabet that came from India. Our ancient alphabet consisted of seventeen letters.
Almost all these ancient writings are lost today, but some relics can still be seen in the archives of
the Dominican fathers in Manila and in private collections.
Our ancient alphabet consisted of seventeen Almost all these ancient writings are lost today,
letters. but some relics can still be seen in the archives of
the Dominican fathers in Manila and in private
collections.
This sentence expresses one complete This sentence is made up of two simple
thought. This sentence is called _________. sentences. This sentence is called________.
Conjunctions such as or, and, or but are used
in this kind of sentence.
In 5 sentences, write what you have

Web Links learned about the early Filipinos. Use
simple and compound sentences.
Access these interactive exercises in
order to hone your skills in identifying and
creating simple and compound sentences.


A. This website will test your skill in identifying
simple and compound sentences.

http://www.quia.com/quiz/242899.html?AP_rand=
1860197414

b. This website will help you construct simple
and compound sentences.
http://www.glencoe.com/sec/writerschoice/rws/
mslessons/grade6/lesson16/exercisea.shtml
End of Firm Up
In this section, the discussion was learning about riddles and proverbs
and using language in real life. Go back to the question posed at the
start of this lesson. Jot down your answers on the “I Say” thought
bubble found in Activity 15.
ACTIVITY 15. Pause. Think. Write.

ACTIVITY 16. Writeshop!
A. Brainstorming
Be familiar with the poster elements by studying the sample poster below. Fill out
the template below to record your ideas on the poster elements.
Source: http://kakiseni.com/myresources/events/607poster.jpg
ELEMENTS DICTIONARY YOUR SPECIFIC TASK

DEFINITION
Poster What kind of poster are
you making?
Design How will you design this
poster?
Message What message will
make readers gain
interest in the festival?
Audience Who will read this
poster? Why is it
important to know and
consider your audience
in making this poster?
Purpose Why are you making this
poster?

Why are these elements important in making a poster?
B. Designing Your Poster
As you design your poster, think about the message that you want to
forward to your audience. Use 2-3 sentences that would immediately grab your
reader’s attention. Write your message below. Afterwards, incorporate the other
elements in your poster.

C. Revising
To ensure that people will take the time to read your poster, consider the
checklist below. Ask a peer editor to place a √ or × mark to answer each
Activity 2: Revising your Message
question. Afterwards, have the revised poster ready for editing.
Is the message clear?

. Is the message written using simple and compound sentences that can
easily grab the readers’ attention?
. Is the information brief and easy to read?
. Is the poster neat and clutter free?

?
D. Editing
Before you prepare the poster for posting, proofread its content.
Note the basic rules on subject-verb agreement and then answer
the drills that follow. These grammar tips and drills will hone your
writing skill and help you write grammatically correct sentences.
A singular subject needs a singular verb.
Knowledge is wealth that can't be stolen.
A plural subject needs a plural verb.
Riddles are witty sayings that are handed over the course of many generations.
In present tenses, nouns and verbs form plurals in this manner:
She likes riddles. They like riddles.

singular Verb plural Verb
subject +s subject - s
Use the s-form of the verb (likes, writes) if the subject is singular.
Use the base form of the verb (like, write) if the subject is plural.

Right Practice Makes Perfect
A. Go to these web links:
http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectVerbAgree.asp
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/
http://eslbee.com/cgi-bin/quiztest.cgi?sv_agreement
These websites will give you more tips on achieving subject-verb agreement in
your sentences.
B. Study the sample riddles and proverb and do the following:
1. On the 2nd column, identify whether the statement is a riddle or a proverb.

2. On the 3rd column, place a √ if the sentence is grammatically correct.
Otherwise, place an X mark.
3. On the 4th column, write the edited version of the sentence. Write NA if the
original sentence is correct.
Original Version English √ or × Edited Version

Translation
Dalaua cong cahon I opens my two
bucsan ualang boxes noiselessly.
ugong. (Tagalog)
Nagapanilong apang He is under the
basa. shed but is always
(Bisaya) wet.
Ania ti parsua ni apo What creature of

Dios nga aoan ti God have no arms
imana nga aoan ti and legs but can
sacana quet talk?
ammona ti agsao?
(Pampangeno)
Pulutin ang mabuti, Emulate what is
ang masama ay good; ignore what is
iwaksi. bad.
(Tagalog)
Ti táo nga A man that talk too
mannaríta, awán ti much accomplishes
ania nga little.
magapuánanna.
(Ilokano)

C. Read the informational text below and choose the verb which agrees with its
respective subject.
Filipinos - A Rich Blend of East and West

Adapted from: http://www.selectphilippines.com/filipinos.html
The Philippines, because of 1. (its, it’s) favorable location, has attracted people
from Asia, Europe and America and has become a true melting pot of cultures.
As a result, the Filipinos came from a mixture of Asian, European, and American.
Knowing these facts 2.(enables, enable) one to appreciate the unique nature of
the Filipino people and to understand why they 3.(is, are) not the typical Asians
one 4.(has, have) come to meet and know.
In fact, most foreigners 5.(find, finds) the Filipino people to be more western and
Latin in their ways.
But beneath the veneer of Hispanic, Mexican and American heritage, the Filipino
people, in heart and in spirit, 6. (is, are) Asians.
They 7. (is, are) Asian in race and in geography with an indestructible Asian
heritage.
Indeed, this reputation for being cultural hybrids reflect in the Filipino art, religions,
fashion, architecture, behavior, business and government practices.
8. (It's, Its) easy to "fall in love" with the Filipino people. Everywhere you find them
in the world, Filipinos 9. (is, are) genuinely friendly and 10. (always, alway) ready
to help.
The Filipino people 11. (is, are) known for their captivating smiles, natural charm,
wonderful sense of humor and joie de vivre.
If you happen to have a Filipino friend or colleague, then you may be quite familiar
with the famous Filipino hospitality.
The Filipino people 12. (love, loves ) to entertain and actually 13. (do, does) 14.
(possess, possesses) a flair for entertaining.
Birthday parties 15 (seem, seems) like "mini-fiestas" as the table literally 16.
(overflows, overflow) with food - from pancit (noodles), fried lumpia (spring roll),
barbecue, spaghetti, lechon (roasted pig), and a wide array of other delectable
Filipino dishes, plus unforgettable Filipino sweets.

Beyond that, the Filipino people 17. (is, are) admired for being hard-working,
creative, talented, and fiercely loyal and dedicated to those which they 18.
(commit, commits) themselves to. Despite having been through so many wars,
the Filipino people 19. (is, are) truly a peaceful people. Throughout the ages, the
Filipinos 20. (has, have) demonstrated a great adaptability to different cultures and
strong resiliency amidst even the most challenging conditions.
D. Publishing
After you edit the message on your poster, prepare a final copy. Post it on
your school’s bulletin board where your peers can see it.
E. Evaluating
Use the Output Satisfaction Worksheet below to assess your work.

Exchange ideas about how you can improve your poster. These ideas will help
you in crafting your individual poster.
Output Satisfaction Worksheet
We are most satisfied with…
We are least satisfied with…

We are having problems with…

Take note of what you know and you do not fully understand yet using the
graphic organizer below.

Crystal Clear Muddiest Point
I still don’t fully
These are what I know: understand the following:

End of Deepen
In this section, the discussion was about extending your knowledge

of riddles and proverbs and using language for real life. Now that you have
a deeper understanding of the topic, you are ready to do the culminating
task on your own.

Your goal in this section is to transfer your learning to real life
situation. As you go through the steps in completing the task, ask
yourself, “Why should writers consider their purpose for writing
and their audience?”
You have been tasked by your city/ town librarian to make an 8” by 14”
poster for the upcoming literacy month. This poster should be able to
encourage library users to read and know more about our Philippine
TASK riddles and proverbs so that they can see the relevance of the past in
today’s modern life. Your poster must have the following: clear and
appropriate message and creative design.
.
Your poster will be evaluated based on the following rubric:
Criteria 4 3 2 1
Exemplary Satisfactory Developing Beginning
Clear and The message Writing Writing Writing

Appropriate successfully purpose and purpose and purpose and
Message meets the preference of preference of preference of
writing purpose. the intended the intended the intended
The well-written audience are audience are audience are
message, which met. somewhat not met. The
shows the The met. The message has
relevance of the message, message, more than 3
riddles and which shows which partly grammatical
proverbs to the relevance shows the errors. The
today’s life, is of the riddles relevance of poster does
catchy and and proverbs the riddles not manifest
compelling. to today’s and proverbs the relevance
life, is well- to today’s of the riddles
written. life, has 1-2 and proverbs
grammatical to today’s life.
errors.
Creative The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
Design exceptionally attractive in acceptably distractingly
attractive in terms of attractive messy or very
terms of design, design, though it poorly
layout, and layout and may be a bit designed. It is
neatness. neatness. messy. not attractive.

ACTIVITY 18. Writeshop

Go through the writing process as you accomplish this task. Be guided by
the directions and questions found below.
A. Brainstorming
Consider the following questions in making your poster:
1. What kind of poster are you making?What is your purpose in making

this poster?
2. Who is your audience? What should you consider in making this poster
suitable to them?
3. What message will make your readers become interested in riddles
and proverbs?
B. Designing
The message in the poster should allow your audience to see the
relevance of riddles and proverbs to their modern lives. Incorporate visuals or
illustrations that are suitable to this message.
C. Revising and Editing
Go back to the revising checklist found in the Deepen segment of this

module. Exchange drafts with a peer and proofread each other’s poster. Edit the
sentences based on what you have learned about s-v agreement.
D. Presenting
Coordinate with your librarian so that you can post your project on the
bulletin board or on the front door of the library so that it can easily be seen.
End of Transfer
In this section, your task was to make a poster which forwards a
compelling message to encourage library users to appreciate riddles
and proverbs. Before you move to the next lesson, capture what you
have learned by doing Activity 17. Finally, get ready for the next
lesson by thinking about stories that explain the origin of things.

ACTIVITY 19.
What new realizations do you have about the topic? What new connections have
you made for yourself? Revise the KWL Chart. Click on the link to open the chart
and click “Save” after you’ve revised the “What have you Learned” portion.

K W L
KNOW WONDER LEARNED
Write what you think Write what you wonder Write what you have
you know about the or want to learn about learned about the topic.
topic. the topic.

Have you ever wondered where everything comes from? Have you
heard of stories which tell the origin of things and places? As we
begin another learning journey, let us continue to think of the
question:
How can the tales of the past help us live today?
ACTIVITY 1. Idea Wheel
Fill this wheel with ideas coming from you and three other people in your
campus. Be sure to ask people of different ages.
How did our

ancestors
explain the
origin of things?

ACTIVITY 2. Hypothesis
Based on what you have gathered in the previous activity, make your own
generalization about how things came to be. Write it in your thinking box.

My
Thinking
Box
End of Explore
On your own, you tried to gather insights about how our ancestors
explain the origin of things. Get to know more about these through the
next learning segments.
Your goal in section is to read other forms of folk literature, namely

legends and myths. You should be able to answer why folk literature
comes in different forms. Continue to think of the question:

ACTIVITY 3. How it came to be
Read to find out how early Filipinos explained the origin of a plant
that has a and its very unique smell.
Reading 1 Legend of Dama de Noche
Many years ago, there was a rich Maharlika or nobleman who spent his bachelor
days wining and dining in the company of nobility. He drank the finest wines, ate
the most delicious food, and enjoyed the company of the most beautiful and
bejeweled women of the noble class. After spending this kind of life for many
years, he decided to settle down and get married to a woman of his choice. "But
whom to marry?" he asked himself, "All the women I know are gorgeous and
charming, but I am tired of the glitter of their jewels and the elegance of their
clothes!" Finally, he found himself a simple, charming girl whose name was
Dama.
They got married and lived happily. She loved and pampered him with the most
delectable dishes and kept his home and clothes in order. But soon he got bored
and began to long for his friends' company. He looked at his wife and thought,
“She is not beautiful and doesn't have the air of nobility and wisdom in her that I
am so used to.” And so he returned to his world of glitter and pleasure. He
started to spend his evenings sitting around with his friends, drinking, and talking
till the next morning.
Seeing this Dama felt that she was losing her husband. She wept and prayed,
"Oh God! Help me. Give me a magic charm that would make my husband come
home again and never leave my side, forever!" At midnight he came home,
opened the door of their bedroom, and called for Dama to tell her to prepare his
nightclothes. He shouted for her and searched the whole house, but he could not
find his wife. Finally he returned to their bedroom and when he opened the door,
he stopped. A sweet and fragrant scent that he had never smelled before drifted
to him. He went straight to the window from where it seemed to be coming. He
was amazed to see a strange bush growing outside his window. The bush had
thousands of tiny star-like white flowers, from which the heavenly and enchanting
scent was coming.
He stood there, completely enthralled by the glorious smell. "Dama..." he

whispered softly, wondering, could this be Dama? The noble man sat by the
window and waited for his loving, simple wife to return. But she did not come
back. Only the fragrance of the flowers stayed with him, casting a spell over his
entire life.
In the moonlight, Dama of the night, or Dama de Noche would be in full bloom,
capturing the rich Maharlika and ensuring that he never leave her side again.

Source: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/philippines-legends-and-myths.html
Do the Five-Finger retelling by answering the five questions:
1. When and where does the story take place?

2. Who are the characters in the story?
3. What problem is cited in the story?
4. What are the events in the story?
5. How does the story end?
Use the space around the hand to jot down your answers to the questions.
Source: http://www.pawneeschools.com/pages/uploaded_images/jhgylevg14397.jpg

Personal Connection
If you were the Maharlika, how would you treat another person, especially
someone who is close to you?
ACTIVITY 4. How things started
Read another story.
How the World Was Created

Panayan
Reading 2 By: F. Landa Jocano
Weblink: Click this link
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmdxsC8Rluk
One of the stories about the creation of the world, which the old Folks of
Panay, especially those living near the mountain, do not tire relating, tells us that
in the beginning there was not heaven or earth – only a bottomless deep and a
world of mist. Everything was shapeless and formless – the earth, the sky, the
sea, and the air were almost mixed up.
Then from the depth of this formless void, there appeared two gods, --
Tungkung Langit and Alunsina. Just where these two deities came from it was
not known. However it is related that Tungkung Langit fell in love with Alunsina
and, after so many years of courtship, they got married and had their abode in

the highest realm of the eternal space where the water was constantly warm and
the breeze was forever cool. It was in this place where order and regularity first
took place.
Tungkung Langit was an industrious, loving and kid god whose chief
concern was how to impose order over the whole confused set-up of thins. He
assumed responsibility for the regular cosmic movement. On the other hand,
Alunsina was lazy, jealous and selfish goddess whose only work was to sit by the
window of their heavenly home, and amuse herself with her pointless thoughts.
Sometimes, she would go down from the house, sit down by a pool near their
doorstep and comb her long, jet-black hair all day long.
One day Tungkung Langit told his wife that he would be away from home
for sometime to put an end to the chaotic disturbances in the flow of time and in
the position of thins. The jealous Alunsina, however, sent the sea breeze to spy
on Tungkung Langit. This made the latter very angry upon knowing about it.
Immediately after his return from the trip, he called this act to her attention
saying that it was ungodly of her to be jealous, there being no other creature
living in the world except the two of them. This reproach was resented by
Alunsina and a quarrel between them followed.
Tungkung Langit lost his temper. In his rage, he divested his wife of
powers and drove her away. No one knew where Alunsina went; she merely
disappeared.
Several days after Alunsina left, however, Tungkung Langit felt very
lonely. He realized what he had done. Somehow, it was too late even to be sorry
about the whole matter. The whole place, once vibrant with Alunsina’s sweet
voice, suddenly became cold and desolate. In the morning, when he woke up, he
would find himself feel the same loneliness creeping deep in his heart because
there was no one to meet him at the doorstep or soothe the aching muscles of
his arm.
For months, Tungkung Langit lived in utter desolation. He could not find
Alunsina, try hard as he would. And so, in his desperation, he decided to do
something in order to forget his sorrows. For months and months he thought.
His mind seemed pointless, his heart, weary and sick. But he must do something
about his loneliness.
One day, while he was sailing across the regions of the clouds, a thought
came to him. He would make a big basin of water below the sky so that he can
see the image of his wife, if she were just somewhere in the regions above. And
lo! the sea appeared. However, Alunsina was never seen. After a long time, the
somber sight of the lonely sea irritated Tungkung Langit. So he came down to
the Middle-world and created the land; then he planted this with grasses, trees

and flowers. He took his wife’s treasured jewels and scattered them in the sky,
hoping that when Alunsina would see them she might be induced to return home.
The goddess’ necklace became the stars, her comb the moon and her crown the
sun. However, despite all these Alunsina did not come back.
Up to this time, the old folks in Panay say that Tungkung Langit is alone in
his palace in the skies. Sometimes, he would cry out his pent-up emotions and
his tears would fall down upon the earth. The people sat that rain is Tungkung
Langit’s tears and that is why in some localities in Panay, the first rain in May is
received with much rejoicing and sacrifice. Incidentally, when it thunders hard,
the old folks also say that it is Tungkung Langit sobbing, calling for his beloved
Alunsina to come back – entreating her so hard that his voice thunders across
the fields and countryside.
Questions to Answer
Use the grammar story below to address the following questions:

1. What is the story about?
2. Who are involved?
3. How does the story end?

Source: http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/21515677.png
Make a clear comparison between legends and myths by filling out the matrix
below based on the previous activities.
CATEGORY LEGENDS MYTHS
CHARACTERS
SETTING
THEME
PURPOSE

Compare your answer with the explanation and definition proffered
by The ASEAN Folk Literature: An Anthology edited by Damiana
Eugenio (1995, 2).
Myths Legends
Myths are prose narratives which, Legends are prose narratives

in the society in which they are told, are which, like myths, are regarded as true
considered to be truthful accounts of by the narrator and the audience, but
what happened in the remote past. they are set in a period considered less
They are accepted on faith; they are remote, when the world was much as
taught to be believed; and they can be it is today. Legends are more secular
cited as authority in answer to than sacred, and their principal
ignorance, doubt, or disbelief. Their characters are human. They tell of
main characters are not usually human migrations, wars and victories, deeds
beings, but they often have human of past heroes, chiefs, and kings, and
attributes: they are animals, deities, or succession in ruling dynasties.
culture heroes, whose actions are set
in an earlier word such as the sky or
underworld.
Fill out the Venn diagram below to highlight the differences and similarities
between myths and legends.
Legend Myth

ACTIVITY 5. Knowing my origin
You have learned about tales that talk about the origin of the world
and everything in it. Let us extend this knowledge by continuing to
explore your insights and experiences concerning how things came
to be. These series of activities will help you find your own words in
retelling tales of the past.
1. Click this link, http://www.myheritage.com/.

2. Trace your lineage by making a family tree.
3. Copy and paste your family tree to the box below.
You can do that by pressing PrtScSysRq button on your
keyboard and paste the image on the box below.
4. Be ready to share your family history to your peers.

ACTIVITY 6. Word Power
A. Determine which of the time and place signals best fits each statement.
B. Identify which of the words/phrases signal time or place. Write T (Time) or
P(Place) on the blank.
1. In the beginning, the world was a large void.

little by little (2) _______ There were mists and shapeless things
beside (4) _______ ____________.
everyday (3) _______ 2. ________Tungkung Langit restored order
eventually (5) _______ and put an end to the confusion around
away (6) _______ them.
after awhile (7) _______ 3. ________he would leave to do his job.
everywhere (1) _______ 4. Alunsina, who was lazy and selfish would do
where (8) _______ nothing but comb her hair. One day, she
on (9) _______ placed her comb ______her, stood up and
when (10) _______ commanded the sea breeze to spy on
Tungkung Langit.
Answers in parenthesis. 5. _____________, the latter found out about
.to be removed this.
6. He got all the powers of Alunsina and sent
her ____________.
7. _________Tungkung Langit started to feel
lonely especially when he found his home
empty.
8. He did not know __________to find
Alunsina.
9. He finally decided to make the sea and
earth. He created trees and flowers
________ the ground that Alunsuna would
see its beauty and return home.
10. However, Alunsina never returned to their
palace in the sky. It is said that_____it rains,
Tungkung Langit’s lonely and sad.

A. Read the paragraph below and note the highlighted words.
In the beginning, the world was a large void. There were mists and
shapeless things everywhere. Little by little, Tungkung Langit restored order and
put an end to the confusion around them. Everyday, he would leave to do his job
little by little. Alunsina, who was lazy and selfish would do nothing but comb her
hair. One day, she placed her comb beside her, stood up and commanded the sea
breeze to spy on Tungkung Langit. Eventually, the latter found out about this. He
divested Alunsina of her powers and sent her away. After a while, Tungkung Langit
started to feel lonely especially when he found his home empty. He did not know
where to find Alunsina. He finally decided to make the sea and earth. He created
trees and flowers on the ground so that Alunsina would see its beauty and return
home. However, Alunsina never returned to their palace in the sky. It is said that
when it rains, Tungkung Langit is feeling so lonely and that the rain is his tears of
sadness.
Questions to answer
1. When does the action take place as signified by the form of the verb?
2. Which of these verbs are regular? Irregular? Do the click and drag
activity below.
restored put placed stood decided sent
Regular Irregular
B. Get more ideas on how and when to use the simple past form of the verb by
doing the following:
1. Click this link, http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-

lesson-simple-past.php and read about the past tense.
2. Know more about using the simple past form through this link,
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-simple-
past.php.

ACTIVITY 8. In a nutshell
A. Study the paragraph again and analyze its parts.
Topic Sentence In the beginning, the world was a large void. There were mists and
shapeless things everywhere.
Rising Action Little by little, Tungkung Langit restored order and put an end to the
confusion around them. So every day, he would leave to do his job.
Conflict Alunsina, who was lazy and selfish would do nothing but comb her hair.
One day, she placed her comb beside her, stood up and commanded
the sea breeze to spy on Tungkung Langit. Eventually, the latter found
out about this. He divested Alunsina of her powers and sent her away.
Falling Action After a while, Tungkung Langit started to feel lonely especially when he
found his home empty. He did not know where to find Alunsina. He
finally decided to make the sea and earth. He created trees and flowers
on the ground so that Alunsina would see its beauty and return home.
However, Alunsina never returned to their palace in the sky.
Resolution It is said that when it rains, Tungkung Langit is feeling so lonely and that
the rain is his tears of sadness.
A narrative paragraph explains what, when and who. It is written

following a chronological order. The transitional devices used in a
narrative paragraph are: finally, before, meanwhile, upon, during,
when, while, later, then, upon, during. A well-written narrative
paragraph consists of a topic sentence, properly sequenced events
and a conclusion.
A. Write a narrative paragraph on the legend, Dama de Noche. Do this in groups.
Topic Sentence
Rising Action
Conflict
Falling Action
Resolution

B. Critique what you have written using the checklist below:
1. Is there a well-written topic sentence? Does it establish what the story is

about?
2. Are the events sequenced properly? Are transition devices used?
3. Is the conflict articulated well?
4. Does the paragraph end with a resolution?
5. Is there consistency in the use of the past tense?
C. Assess your work using the Output Satisfaction Worksheet below.
Output Satisfaction Worksheet
We are most satisfied with…
We are least satisfied with…

We are having problems with…

End of Firm Up
In this section, the discussion was learning about legends and myths and
using language in real life. Track what you have learned by doing Activity
16.
Use the gasoline meter to signify your learning status.

Half-empty

Empty Full
Explain your
Talk about your
difficulties.
successes.


DEEPEN
Your goal is to read a modern retelling of the creation story. Once

again, reflect on the question, How can the tales of the past help us?
live today?
ACTIVITY 11. Irreversible
Read the selection found below and answer the questions that follow.
REVERSE CREATION
by Bernard Backman
http://www.scribd.com/doc/30172684/reverse-creation
In the end, we destroyed the heaven that was called Earth. The Earth had been
beautiful until our spirit moved over it and destroyed all things.
And we said...
Let there be darkness... and there was darkness. And we liked the darkness; so
we called the darkness, Security. And we divided ourselves into races and
religions and classes of society. And there was no morning and no evening on
the seventh day before the end.
And we said...
Let there be a strong government to control us in our darkness. Let there be

armies to control our bodies so that we may learn to kill one another neatly and
efficiently in our darkness. And there was no evening and no morning on the
sixth day before the end.
And we said...
Let there be rockets and bombs to kill faster and easier; let there be gas
chambers and furnaces to be more thorough. And there was no evening and no
morning on the fifth day before the end.
And we said...
Let there be drugs and other forms of escape, for there is this constant
annoyance - Reality - which is disturbing our comfort. And there was no evening
and no morning on the fourth day before the end.

And we said...
Let there be divisions among the nations, so that we may know who is our
common enemy. And there was no evening and no morning on the third day
before the end.
And finally we said...
Let us create God in our image. Let some other God compete with us. Let us say
that God thinks as we think, hates as we hate, and kills as we kill. And there was
no morning and no evening on the second day before the end.
On the last day, there was a great noise on the face of the Earth. Fire consumed
the beautiful globe, and there was silence. The blackened Earth now rested to
worship the one true God; and God saw all that we had done, and in the silence
over the smoldering ruins... God wept.
Questions to answer:
1. Based on the selection, in what ways have men reversed creation?

2. What is the ultimate effect of men’s attempt to reverse creation?
ACTIVITY 12. Pause. Think. Write.
How can the tales of the past help you live today?

ACTIVITY 13. Hear ye! Hear ye!
A. Listen and practice. Determine which syllable has the main stress in these
words. Group together the words that have similar pattern.
o O O o O o o O
escape heaven darkness consume
o O O o
B. Which stress patterns do these words have? Click and drag these words to
the appropriate box.
control bodies neatly evening morning before
Accented Syllables
Pronunciation of English words is based not only on the sounds of the

consonants and vowels but also on the accented syllables. The accent
found in syllables makes words differ in meaning. For example, the word record
which has an accent in the first syllable is a noun. It is a verb when its second
syllable is accented.
ACTIVITY 14. Speak easy!

A. Read “Reverse Creation” for the second time and mark the syllables that
contain the main accent.
B. Record your reading of the text and submit a file to your teacher. You will
be given feedback which is meant to help you improve your oral
communication skills.

Your next task is to look for a representative legend/myth and information
concerning the region you are assigned to work on. Your library has a wealth
of resource concerning this topic but you need to know the system which will
allow you to access these information. Learn to navigate the library by
studying the classification of subjects based on the Dewey Decimal System
through the image and web link found below.
ACTIVITY 15. Navigating the Library
A. Learn about the Dewey Decimal System through this interactive site:
http://breitlinks.com/deweychallenge/index.htm. Answer the 25 questions in
order to determine if you are DDC savvy!
B. Summarize what you have learned by answering these questions:

1. Who is the author of the Dewey Decimal Classification?
2. What will happen if there is no way to classify the wide array of
knowledge about the world?
3. How does DDC solve this problem?
4. How does the DDC organize different information about the world?
C. Do the matching game to test your knowledge of the Dewey Decimal System.
(NOTE TO PROGRAMMER: kindly convert…...students are supposed to
match the numbers with the words)
000 Generalities
100 Philosophy and Psychology
200 Religion
300 Social Science
400 Language
500 Natural Science and Mathematics
600 Technology (Applied Sciences)
700 Arts
800 Literature
900 Geography and History

End of Deepen
In this section, the discussion was about reflecting on the question, How
can the tales of the past help us live today? Now that you have a
deeper understanding of the topic, you are ready to do the culminating
task on your own.
Your goal in this section is to transfer your learning to real life

yourself, “Why should writers consider their purpose for writing
and their audience?”
The Department of Tourism has commissioned you to create a 1-page

brochure inset promoting the cultural origin of a specific region. The said
brochure will be distributed during the program launch of “It’s More Fun in
TASK the Philippines.” In that brochure inset, you are to retell a written text of
an existing legend or myth. In order for your readers to see the applicability
of the literature of the past to their modern lives, the brochure inset should
be insightful and engaging
Your poster will be evaluated based on the following rubric:
Criteria 4 3 2 1
Exemplary Satisfactory Developing Beginning
Insightful The message Writing Writing Writing
successfully purpose and purpose and purpose and
meets the preference of preference of preference of
writing the intended the intended the intended
purpose. The audience are audience are audience are
well-written met. somewhat met. not met. The
message, The message, The message, message,
which shows which shows which shows which shows
the relevance the relevance the relevance the relevance
of the legends of the legends of the legends of the legends
and myths to and myths to and myths to and myths to
today’s life, is today’s life, is today’s life, today’s life,
catchy and well-written. has 1-2 has more than
compelling. grammatical 3 grammatical
errors. errors.
Engaging Story has a Story is Story has Story does not
logical logically some have a clear
consistent sequenced interruptions in beginning,

sequence of with a the sequence. middle, or end.
events, with a beginning, There may not It is difficult to
clear middle, and be a clear follow the story
beginning, end. beginning,
middle, and middle, or end.
end. Interruptions in
Transitional the sequence
words are may interfere
present. with meaning.

Go through the writing process as you accomplish this task. Be guided by
the directions and questions found below.
A. Brainstorming
Consider the following questions in making your brochure inset.
1. What kind of brochure inset are you making?What is your purpose

in making this brochure inset?
2. Who is your audience? What should you consider in making this
brochure inset suitable to them?
3. How can you make the retelling of an existing legend of myth allow
your readers to see the connection between the past and the
present?
B. Drafting
Provide the original copy of the legend Retell the legend or Use this
or myth in this column. myth. narrative
paragraph
structure.
Topic
Sentence
Rising Action

Crisis/Conflict
Falling Action
Resolution
C. Revising and Editing
Post the draft of the narrative paragraph/retold myth/legend in the class

forum. Use the checklist below to give comments for revision.
Use this checklist to revise the draft.

1. Is there a well-written topic sentence? Does it establish what the story is about?
2. Are the events sequenced properly? Are transition devices used?
3. Is the conflict articulated well?
4. Does the paragraph end with a resolution?
5. Is there consistency in the use of the past tense?

D. Finalizing and Presenting
Prepare the final draft as a brochure inset. Send a PDF file of this to your
teacher’s email address. Post the final draft on the FORUM. Evaluate your peers’
output using the provided rubric.
End of Transfer
In this section, your task was to retell an existing legend or myth
using the written mode. Before you move to the next lesson,
capture what you have learned by doing Activity 18. Finally, get
ready for the next lesson by thinking about stories featuring animals
and heroes.
ACTIVITY 17.
What new realizations do you have about the topic? What new connections have
you made for yourself? Revise the KWL Chart. Click on the link to open the chart
and click “Save” after you’ve revised the “What have you Learned” portion.

K W L
KNOW WONDER LEARNED


.

Do you remember hearing stories about talking animals and heroes
with supernatural powers? What do these stories tell us? As you
attempt to know why our elderly tell us these stories, think about the
question:
ACTIVITY 1. Remembering theTales
Group the following pictures. Explain why you grouped them that way.
Questions to answer
1. What is the basis in grouping the different tales?
2. What is the basic trait or characteristic of each group?

3. What do these tales manifest about the ancient literature of the Philippines?
END OF EXPLORE
On your own, you tried to determine what the people of the past talk
about or believe in. Get to know more about these through the next
learning segments.
Your goal in this section is to see how stories in the past have
remained significant in our lives today and how these have affected
how people live. As you go through the next activities, continue to
think about how these tales help you live today.
ACTIVITY 2. Learning Lessons
Read the story. Afterwards, fill in the diagram with the characteristics
of the animals.
Reading 1
The Monkey and the Tortoise

As told in English and Illustrated by José Rizal
Original text in English
The tortoise and the monkey found once a banana tree floating amidst the
waves of a river. It was a very fine tree, with large green leaves, and with roots,
just as if it had been pulled off by a storm. They took it ashore.
“Let us divide it,” said the tortoise, “and plant each its portion.”

They cut it in the middle, and the monkey, as the stronger, took for himself the
upper part of the tree, thinking that it would grow quicker, for it had leaves. The
tortoise, as the weaker, had the lower part, that looked ugly, although it had roots.
After some days they met.
“Hello, Mr. Monkey,” said the tortoise, “How are you getting on with your banana
tree?”
“Alas,” answered the monkey, “it has been Interesting facts about tortoise
dead a long time! And yours Miss Tortoise?”
1. Tortoises are evolved before
“Very nice, indeed; with leaves and fruits. mammals, birds, crocodiles, snakes
Only I cannot climb up, to gather them.” and lizards. They are one of the
oldest creatures on the earth.
“Never mind,” said the malicious monkey, “I 2. The shell of tortoise is prepared of 60
different bones and all are connected
will climb and pick them for you.”
to each other.
3. Mostly tortoise species can live up to
“Do, Mr. Monkey,” replied the tortoise
more than hundred years of age.
gratefully.
4. Tortoise can live on every continent
except Antarctica.
And so they walked towards the tortoise’s
5. The top domed part of a tortoise’s
house.
shell is known as carapace and the
bottom underlying part is known as
As soon as the monkey saw the bright yellow the plastron.
fruits hanging between the large green 6. Tortoises do not have teeth.
leaves, he climbed up and began plundering, 7. The bony portion of the shell is
munching and gobbling, as quick as he could. covered with plates, which helps in
protecting tortoise from various
“But give me some, too,” said the tortoise, elements.
seeing that the monkey did not take the 8. The desert tortoise is able to survive
slightest notice of her. where ground temperature can
exceed 140 ° Fahrenheit.
“Not even a bit of skin, if it is eatable,” 9. Adult tortoise can survive for many
rejoined the monkey, both his cheeks years without access to the water.
crammed with bananas.
SOURCE:
The tortoise meditated revenge. She went to http://www.petcaregt.com/Turtle/Int
the river, picked up some pointed snails eresting-Facts-About-Tortoise.html
planted them around the banana tree, and hid
herself under a cocoa-nut shell. When the
monkey came down, he hurt himself and
began to bleed.
After a long search, he found the tortoise.

“You wretched creature, here you are!” said he. “You must pay for your
wickedness; you must die. But as I am very generous, I will leave to you the choice
of your death. Shall I pound you in a mortar, or shall I throw you into the water?
Which do you prefer?”
“The mortar, -- the mortar,” answered the tortoise: “I am so afraid of getting

drowned.”
“O ho!” laughed the monkey; “indeed! You are afraid of getting drowned! Now I will
drown you.”
And, going to the shore, he slung the tortoise and threw it in the water. But soon
the tortoise reappeared swimming and laughing at the deceived, artful monkey.
Questions to answer:
1. Which of the statements below are true based on the story and the
informational text about tortoise? Place a check mark before each statement.
1. The monkey and the tortoise are certain that the banana
tree has been pulled off by a ferocious storm.
2. The monkey places a lot of emphasis on appearance. This
is his basis for selecting the upper part of the banana tree.
3. As used in the story, “crammed” means in a state of panic.
4. The tortoise is smarter than the cunning monkey.
5. Based on the informational text, the “cocoa-nut shell” is
called the “carapace.”
6. Interesting Fact No. 4 evidences that tortoises are found in
the Philippines.
2. What are the differences between the monkey and the tortoise? Who among
the historical figures in the Philippine resemble each character? Justify your
answer. Use the diagram below to organize your answers.

ACTIVITY 3. Deep Understanding
A. Click this link, http://kapitbisig.com/philippines/english-version-of-folktales-

mga-kuwentong-bayan_842.html, and read more samples of Philippine fables.
B. Record what you have learned about folktales by completing the chart below.
1. What are fables

about?

2. What purpose do
folktales play as
Filipinos interact with
others?
3. What do fables show about Filipino culture? Base your answer on the
following folktales found in the link.
The Iguana and the

Turtle
The Lizard and Her

Young One
The Monkey, the Turtle,

and the Crocodile
Generally, fables are short narratives that revolve around particular

lessons. Animals are the heroes in most fables. They are made to stand for certain
traits of the human race, and to teach the ways of the world through vivid
characterization and lively interaction.
Source: http://folklore.philsites.net/
ACTIVITY 4. Tales of Courage
Learn more about the Filipino culture through the tale found
be low. below.
Reading 2

Biag ni Lam-ang (Summary)
http://tagaloglang.com/Philippine-Literature/Filipino-Epics/biag-ni-lam-ang-buod.html
BIAG NI LAM-ANG (Life of Lam-ang) is pre-Hispanic epic poem of the Ilocano

people of the Philippines. The story was handed down orally for generations before
it was written down around 1640 assumedly by a blind Ilokano bard named Pedro
Bucaneg.
Don Juan and his wife Namongan lived in Nalbuan, now part of La Union in
the northern part of the Philippines. They had a son named Lam-ang. Before Lam-
ang was born, Don Juan went to the mountains in order to punish a group of their
Igorot enemies. While he was away, his son Lam-ang was born. It took four people
to help Namongan give birth. As soon as the baby boy popped out, he spoke, and
asked that he be given the name Lam-ang. He also chose his godparents and
asked where his father was.
After nine months of waiting for his father to return, Lam-ang decided he
would go look for him. Namongan thought Lam-ang was up to the challenge but
she was sad to let him go. During his exhausting journey, he decided to rest for
awhile. He fell asleep and had a dream about his father's head being stuck on a
pole by the Igorot. Lam-ang was furious when he learned what had happened to
his father. He rushed to their village and killed them all, except for one whom he
let go so that he could tell other people about Lam-ang's greatness.
Upon returning to Nalbuan in triumph, he was bathed by women in the

Amburayan river. All the fish died because of the dirt and odor from Lam-ang's
body.
There was a young woman named Ines Kannoyan whom Lam-ang wanted
to woo. She lived in Calanutian and he brought along his white rooster and gray
dog to visit her. On the way, Lam-ang met his enemy Sumarang, another suitor of
Ines whom he fought and readily defeated.
Lam-ang found the house of Ines surrounded by many suitors all of whom
were trying to catch her attention. He had his rooster crow, which caused a
nearby house to fall. This made Ines look out. He had his dog bark and in an
instant the fallen house rose up again. The girl's parents witnessed this and
called for him. The rooster expressed the love of Lam-ang. The parents agreed
to a marriage with their daughter if Lam-ang would give them a dowry valued at
double their wealth. Lam-ang had no problem fulfilling this condition and he and
Ines were married.
It was a tradition to have a newly married man swim in the river for the
rarang fish. Unfortunately, Lam-ang dove straight into the mouth of the water
monster Berkakan. Ines had Marcos get his bones, which she covered with a

piece of cloth. His rooster crowed and his dog barked and slowly the bones
started to move. Back alive, Lam-ang and his wife lived happily ever after with his
white rooster and gray dog.
1. Which of the statements below are true? Mark them with a check.
5.
1. Lam-ang grew up fatherless.

2. After he was born, he exhibited abilities that were
advance for his age.
3. The dog and the rooster succeeded in making Ines fall for
Lam-ang.
4. A dowry is a piece of cloth presented by the groom to his
bride’s family.
5. One of Lam-ang supernatural powers is being to speak at
a young age.
2. What traits does Lam-ang possess? What makes him an epic hero?
3. In what way does the epic manifest Philippine culture?
Epics are the major oral literary forms found among the various
ethnic groups. These epics have the following characteristics: The story is about
a supernatural or heroic person of ancient times; it is based on oral tradition; it is
composed in verse; and it is sung or chanted.
Epics still have a place in the life of cultural minorities and are sung during
times of gathering, such as weddings and wakes. They entertain the community
with the heroic deeds of their ancestors. They also convey the customs and
beliefs of previous generations, often providing examples for the next generation
to follow. Philippine folk epics stress such themes as strong kinship bonds,
reciprocity and cooperation, a deep sense of community, ethnic pride, and love of
freedom.

Through the epic, a human society transmits the memory of the ancestors,
a total and independent world and its very presence in the world.
SOURCE: http://kapitbisig.com/philippines/information/arts-and-literature-mga-epiko-
epics_347.html
Module 1: Knowing Myself>Lesson 3: Exploring Filipino Culture
ACTIVITY 5. Differentiating Literary from Academic Text
How does a literary text such the folk and epic tales different from
an academic text? Do they have something in common? If one
wants to write an informational text, will he apply the same
procedure when writes a story? Find out by reading and comparing
“Modern Filipino Heroism” with the ones you have previously read.
Modern Filipino Heroism (An Excerpt)

http://androidph.hubpages.com/hub/Modern-Filipino-Heroism
Heroes are individual men and women the rest of society look up to. They
are icons that many aspire to emulate. Their stories are told and passed on and as
such inspire younger generations. Their great courage to see things through in
spite of themselves is at the core of why they are admired. In humble homes to
honorable halls, they are the center of colorful discourses. They have no names,
but their life and times is the message. Heroism may have been contemporarily
synonymous during wartime. In the Philippines, there are heroes every day. They
are our Overseas Filipino Workers.
Making the choice to work abroad for better opportunities and leaving
behind his family is not easy to comprehend. More so because the Filipino is a
family-oriented individual and puts them in the center of his heart. Being all alone
and leaving his family all alone is a great challenge. It is a sacrifice one would not
easily understand if he has not been through the same or similar experience at all.
The sacrifice of aloneness, lonesomeness, being far away from what’s important,
not being with your spouse, and not seeing your kids grow or how do they fare in
school all in exchange of ensuring they have better choices and chances in life
than you ever had. The very human act of sacrificing one’s happiness and interests
for the betterment of other people’s welfare is a hero’s act.
Though any observer is correct to point to the struggling local economy as

the reason for this exodus, the choice to do so is still there to make by the
individual. He could just stay and take his chances to make it or blow it. In many
countries, working and living abroad is a mere option down in a list of possible
career choices. In the Philippines, it is very much on top of that list. Plus, given the

state of affairs in education, one who could not afford to go to a good school will
find himself being shown the door when he applies for work in companies because
of stiff competition. Thus with a bold and brave soul, he makes the quest for his
and his family’s fortunes abroad wherever he may find it
1. Who are being referred to as the modern day heroes?
2. What makes them so?
3. In what way are these modern day heroes different from epic heroes such as
Lam-ang?
4. Compare this reading text about modern day heroes with the folk and epic
tales which you have read earlier. Match the descriptions with the right
category.
Biag ni Lam-ang Modern Filipino Heroism
literary
conveys data and information
academic
organized and highly structured
highly artistic with picture words
focused on storytelling
flair for words
clear and concise writing
5. What are the important things to remember when engaging in academic

writing. Find out by clicking this link,
http://www.worcester.ac.uk/studyskills/documents/top_10_tips_AW_25.10.
10.pdf and get ideas from this pdf file. Write what you have learned
especially about the kind of language required in this kind of writing.

ACTIVITY 6. Say what?
Ella is writing an essay on modern day heroes. However, she has a

problem determining which word is most suitable in this writing situation. Help her
by clicking the word that she should use.
Efren Penaflorida , the Filipino CNN hero, is a nice

(fellow/person). He is the (sort/type) of person who would
not hesitate about helping others. He does not easily (pack it
in/give up) easily even when he experiences difficulty as the
founder and head of the Dynamic Teen Company.
(THE ONES IN RED ARE THE CORRECT ANSWERS)
1. Why are these expressions more suitable in writing a formal essay?
2. Why are expressions such as fellow, sort and pack it in not suitable for
formal writing? What are these expressions called? When can these
expressions be used? Click this link,
http://palc.sd40.bc.ca/palc/feature/2009/oncolloquial.htm, and learn more.
3. Do you know when and how to use these expressions? Click this link,
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/bl_pairphrases1.htm, and do the
interactive quiz. Record your score in the box and the feedback that you
will receive.
4. What will happen to your formal essay if it is loaded with colloquial

expression? How will you sound in an informal conversation with someone

if you use formal language? What should be your basis in determining
whether to use formal or colloquial expressions?
Learn about another Philippine folk hero through this short

summary of Hudhud ni Aliguyon.
Aliguyon, a long time ago, was born in the village of

Hannanga. His father was Amtalao; his mother was
Dumulao. When he was a little boy, his father used to tell him the stories of his
own adventures, in love and in war. His father also taught him the use of spear
and shield. Aliguyun learned quickly.
When he was old enough, his father made him a top. He taught Aliguyon
how to spin it, and how to break the tops if his playmates. His father also taught
him how to cut runo spears and fight with them.
Aliguyun, listening to the war prayers of the tribe, also learned to say the
magic words of the native priests and priestesses. In time, he became the
undisputed leader of the children of his tribe.
When he reached adolescence, he gathered his comrades and led them
in a fight against the enemy of his father, Pangaiwan of Daligdigan.
In Daligdigan, however, he faced, not his father’s enemy, but the son.
Pumbakhayon was as spirited and lusty as Aliguyun, so the fight lasted three
years, with no end in sight or any sign of defeat on the part of either group.
Through the protracted warfare, the heroes learned to admire each other’s
abilities. Their fight finally ended in a peace pact made in Daligdigan, in the home
of Pumbakhayon, and at the instance of old Pangaiwan, Pumbakhayon’s father.
During the conclusion of the peace pact, Aliguyun saw and courted the
youngest of the beautiful sisters of Pumbakhayon, Bugan. Aliguyon brought his
bride, a mere child, to his home in Hannanga, where Bugan grew up into a
beautiful woman. Then Pumbakhayon went to Hannanga to witness his sister’s
formal marriage to Aliguyon. Aliguyon and Bugan had many children, and both
became prosperous and beloved of the people of Hannanga…
Pumbakhayon, later courted Aliguyon’s sister and brought her to his
father’s home in Daligdigan. There they were happily married and became
prosperous.
SOURCES:
Photo: kampeonngpagibig.com
Text: Philippine Folk Literature: An Anthology by Damiana L. Eugenio

1. Based on the summary, what kind of hero is Aliguyon?

2. How is Pumbakhayon characterized?
3. How do Aliguyon and Pumbakhayon resolve the fight? What does this say about
them?
Study the sentences below.
Aliguyun, listening to the war prayers of the tribe, also learned to say
the magic words of the native priests and priestesses. In time, he
became the undisputed leader of the children of his tribe.
The pronoun he refers back to its antecedent Aliguyon. It agrees with its
antecedent in number and gender.
What are the rules to remember in pronoun antecedent agreement?
Learn more by clicking this link,

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/pronouns.htm. Define the terms found
in the box below and provide the basic rule in PAA.
PRONOUN
ANTECEDENT
BASIC PAA RULE:
Click the links found below and answer the interactive quizzes:
A. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/cgi-shl/quiz.pl/pronoun_quiz.htm
B. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/pron2_quiz.htm
4. Record your score.


A.

B.

5. Take note of what you know and you do not fully understand yet using this this 3-
2-1 exit ticket.

3 Things I learned
____________
____________
____________
2 Things I want to know more of
____________
____________
1 Question I still have
___________

End of Firm Up
In this section, the discussion was about folk and epic tales. These tales
which reflect Filipino beliefs and culture have been handed down from
one generation to another.
DEEPEN
Your goal in this section is to reflect on the relevance of these tales to

modern living. Recall the tales you have read and think about how they
reflect the modern culture and society.
ACTIVITY 8. Looking backward to move forward
Review what you have written on the first and second columns. Use the third
column to articulate what you have learned about Philippine folk literature.

K W L
KNOW WONDER LEARNED


ACTIVITY 9. Word Cloud
Use your written outputs in Activity 8 to create a word cloud or wordle.

Follow these directions:
1. Click this link, http://www.wordle.net/create.

2. Generate a word cloud by typing a set of words what you have learned about
Philippine folk literature.
3. Click the GO button. You can customize your word cloud by choosing your
preferred font, layout and color.
4. Post your work on the FORUM. Provide a 1-paragraph explanation of how
Philippine folk literature has helped you live your life today.
ACTIVITY 10. Let me tell you a story…
Through the passage of time, people have shared stories with one another.
In the oral tradition, storytelling entails a teller and an audience. Now that you have
a clear idea of what these tales mean to you as a modern citizen of this country, it
is now your time to learn how to retell these tales to others.
A. Click this link, http://vimeo.com/20630392, and watch this short clip of Sean
Buvala’s oral retelling of Fundevogel, a Grimm Brothers' folktale of loyalty
and 19th century justice.
B. Use the checklist to assess the performance of the storyteller.
Performance Skills Rubric Your

http://www.storyarts.org/classroom/usestories/storyrubric.html Comments
Voice Mechanics
Speaks with an appropriate volume for the audience to hear.
Employs clear enunciation. Uses non-monotonous, vocal
expression to clarify the meaning of the text.

Facial Expression
Expressively uses non-verbal communication to clarify the
meaning of the text.
Body Language & Gesture

Expressively uses non-verbal communication to clarify the
meaning of the text.
Focus
Concentration is clear.
Eye contact with audience is engaging.
Maintains a charismatic presence in space (stage presence)
Characterization
Storyteller seems comfortable, relaxed and confident in front
of listeners. Storyteller maintains clear spatial relationships
for characters and narrator.
Use of Space
Storyteller seems comfortable, relaxed and confident in front
of listeners. Storyteller maintains clear spatial relationships
for characters and narrator.
Timing/Pacing
The story is presented efficiently and keeps listeners' interest
throughout.
ACTIVITY 11. Retelling Circle
Let’s say you and your buddy are interested in

getting a part-time job as the official storytellers of the
Children’s Museum. Both of you are tasked to do an
oral retelling of a tale that reflects the beliefs and
practices of Filipino. You will take turns in doing this.
Capture the attention of your young museum guests,
Grade 1 students who are having a field trip in the said
museum, by doing your retelling in an engaging
manner. The administrator of the museum will
evaluate your performance. The tips below will help
you do this task.

Storytelling Tips
http://www.grtleeds.co.uk/storytelling/wendy.html
1. Sit on comfy chairs, or cross-legged on the floor, and look at your

audience with a welcoming smile and bright eyes.
2. Try to create an atmosphere, like casting a good spell. Set the scene for
your audience. Start with the time, place and weather of the story.
3. Use facial expressions, to show the feelings of your characters, their
nature or personality, or the situation they are in, eg shy or cold.
4. Speak more slowly and loudly than normal, so everyone can hear, and sit
near anyone hard of hearing. Vary the speed, pace and volume of your
voice where appropriate. Make your voice melodic and interesting.
5. Use your hands, shoulders and body as much as you can, to show shapes
of objects, scenery, actions and feelings. Use mime and gesture to "paint
the story", like a picture.
6. Role-play any dialogue, with characterful voices. Help the audience to
feel sympathy for the characters and their situation.
7. Use other sounds, for example, weather sounds, like wind or rain;
happening sounds, like explosions or rustling; animal sounds; emotional
sounds, like sighs, sobs, yawns. You can ask the audience to help you, by
making the sounds.
8. Leave a space between words or sentences sometimes, to create an
atmosphere.
9. Look around the audience with expectation. Occasionally surprise them
with a loud noise, but do not frighten very young children.
10. Involve your audience if you like, with phrases like "As you know the sea
is deep and mysterious..." or ask them questions like "What might a sea
monster look like"
11. Keep the traditional style of storytelling, but develop your own style inside
and around that.
End of Deepen
In this section, the discussion was about the art of oral storytelling. Now
that you have a deeper understanding of the topic, you are ready to do the
task in the next section.

Your goal in this section is to apply your learning to a real life
yourself, “How can the tales of the past help us live today?”
TASK Matanglawin Publication in cooperation with Philippine Daily Inquirer has

commissioned you to write a storybook which highlights a creative retelling of the
origin of or folk tales in your locality. This storybook will be used in the literacy
campaign which is meant to nurture a love for reading among Grade 1 students.
The storybook must be insightful, creative, well-crafted and suitable to the
intended audience. Your oral retelling must be engaging and proficient.

Written Outstanding Satisfactory Developing Beginning
Retelling 4 3 2 1
The entire story The story is Some of the No attempt
Insightful is entirely related to the story is has been
related to the assigned related to the made to
assigned topic topic. The assigned relate the
and allows the story allows topic, but the story to the
reader to the readers to reader does assigned
understand know about not learn topic.
much more his locality. much about
about the origin the topic. The story
of or tales in Connections seems very
the locality. between Connections disconnected
events, ideas, between and it is very
Connections and feelings events, ideas, difficult to
between in the story and feelings figure out the
events, ideas, are in the story story.
and feelings in expressed are
the story are and sometimes
clearly appropriate. hard to figure
expressed and out. More
highly detail or
appropriate. better
transitions are
needed.

Creative The story The story The story There is little
contains many contains a contains a evidence of
creative details few creative few creative creativity in
and/or details and/or details and/or the story. The
descriptions descriptions descriptions, author does
that contribute that but they not seem to
to the reader's contribute to distract from have used
enjoyment. The the reader's the story. The much
author has enjoyment. author has imagination
really used his The author tried to use
imagination. has used his his
imagination. imagination.
The student The student The student The student
Well- turns in an turns in a turns in copy turns in an
crafted attractive and copy of the of the story, incomplete
complete copy story in the but the format copy of the
of the story in correct format was not story. It is full
the correct and grammar. correct. of
format Moreover, the grammatical
grammar. story has errors.
grammatical
errors.
Story is suitable Story is Story is not Audience is
Suitable to and relevant to appropriate to familiar to the not interested
the the type of the type of type of in the story
intended audience audience. audience. because it is
audience irrelevant to
them.
Oral 4 3 2 1
Retelling
Engaging The The storyteller The The storyteller
storyteller has has a well- storyteller’s cannot be
characterful modulated voice is not heard and is
voice voice applying loud enough. simply telling
matched with appropriate Gestures are the story
the gestures intonation, limited and without any
and facial used good facial gesture and
expressions. gestures and expressions facial
facial are not that expression.
expressions. evident.
Proficient Words are There are no There are Mispronounced
creatively mispronounced several words and
used to make words and mispronounced wrong
the story statements are words and statements
more sensible. statements are make the story
interesting not that clear.

and catchy to unclear and
the listeners. misunderstood.
ACTIVITY 12. A Lasting Impression
Make a postcard explaining what you have learned from the 1st Quarter
Module. Address this postcard to your parents.

POST-ASSESSMENT
Let’s find out how much you have already known about Philippine Folk
Literature by reading the provided text and answering the questions
that follow.
READING TEXT
Bantugan
Bantugan revolves around the life of Prince Bantugan, brother of King Madali,
the ruler of Bumbaran. The poem opens with:
“Sa alwan imanto
Na aia dun mata tabu
Mara rampun a adar
O inai Onan o kampong
Sa ilian a Bumbaran.”
(Humigit kumulang sa araw na ito ay may pangyayaring nakapagpapalungkot sa

hari ng marilag na kaharian ng Bumbaran.
“Today there is something which gives the lovely King of Bumbaran a severe case
of the blues.”- F. Laubach)
It is said that while Madali won many battles, Bantugan won many hearts
for the younger brother is not only a marvelous fighter but also handsome and
popular. He has courted 50 of the loveliest princess in the world but the King does
not allow him to marry. His popularity later makes the older brother, Madali jealous.
He decrees that nobody shall ever be allowed to speak with his brother. Driven by
loneliness, the Prince leaves for foreign lands. The wandering Bantugan evetually
falls ill and dies at the Palace Gates of The-Land-Between-Two-Seas. Not
knowing who this stranger is, the ruler of the place and his sister Princess
Datimbang (Timbang) give shelter to the poor prince. Not knowing what to do, and
fearing that the prince’s death is of their doing, they summon the council to discuss
what has to be done. A parrot (loro) flies in and identifies the handsome man as
Prince Bantugan of Bumbaran. He is then sent home to Bumbaran to tell King
Madali of his brother’s fate. Upon learning this, the King leaves and journeys to the
heavens. He speaks with the gods and bargains for his brother’s soul to be
returned to earth. Meanwhile, Princess Datimbang brings Prince Bantugan’s body
to Bumbaran. Upon King Madali’s return, Bantugan’s life has been restored and
the king soon has a change of heart.
King Madali, overjoyed that his younger brother Bantugan has been brought back
to life, calls for a celebration. But the story of his return has already spread, and
unknown to them, King Madali’s rival, King Miskoyaw has sent his army for a
siege.[ Makalayan cries]:

“O datus! Go down and graze across the sea half-filled
with foreign vintas. Enemies are sweeping down upon us…”
(photo credit: http://www.muslimmindanao.ph)
A battle takes place and Bantugan defends his people. However, Bantugan
who has just been restored is eventually captured. It is said that he later regains
his strength while held captive, and avenges his warrior’s death. Another
celebration is held for this victory. The people of Bumbaran feasted and King
Madali welcomes his brother back. Bantugan gets married with the loveliest
princesses and lives happily in Bumbaran for several years.
SOURCE: http://rizhau.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/maranao-epics/
1. Which of the statements below articulates the main idea of the reading text?
The story…
a. exemplifies heroic adventure of an epic hero.
b. shows a love story of genuine roots.
c. illustrates ancient battles.
d. forwards a lesson.
2. Bantugan is not _____________.

a. a tale about origins
b. a tale about a heroic person
c. a tale based on oral tradition
d. a tale that is chanted or sung.

3. If Bantugan were a god and the story talks about a natural phenomenon then
it would be a/an _________________.
a. folk tale
b. legend
c. myth
d. epic
4. What would be a significant feature of the reading text if it were a fable?

a. origin of a place
b. moral of a story
c. adventure of a hero
d. love between the hero and heroine
5. Using the Dewey Decimal System, which section of the library can you find
information about the culture of Bicol?
a. 300-399 Social Sciences
b. 400-499 Language
c. 800-899 Literature
d. 700-799 Arts
6. Which of the following words is stressed differently?

a. happy b. return c. captive d. people
7. What does wandering mean as used in the sentence,

The wandering Bantugan eventually falls ill and dies at the Palace Gates of
The-Land-Between-Two-Seas?
a. rambling b. traveling c. marveling d. enjoying
8. What is the classification of the sentence below based on its structure?
“Bantugan gets married with the loveliest princesses and lives happily in
Bumbaran for several years.
a. simple
b. complex
c. compound
d. compound-complex
9. Which of the following exemplifies how the tale, Bantugan, has survived
through the centuries? It has been transmitted through ______.
a. oral tradition
b. retellings written in stone.
c. the rich cultural traditions.
d. the preservation of our customs and beliefs.

10. Which of the following is true?
Philippine Literature______________________.
a. refers to the body of written texts about our culture and society.
b. came into existence with the coming of the Spaniards in 1521.
c. reflects the unchanging culture of the Philippine society.
d. traces its roots in the oral tradition of our ancestors.
11. If you were to assess the storyteller’s statement, “One of the brave epic
heroes in Philippine literature is Bantugan,” what would be your comment?
The sentence is _____.

a. correct b. incorrect c. partly correct d. cannot be determined
12. Which of the following statements shows that Anna is doing a proficient
retelling of Bantugan?
a. She speaks with a loud voice in order to get the attention of her
audience.
b. She makes use of the space and maintains eye contact with the
audience.
c. She uses simple, understandable and grammatically correct language.
d. She uses effective gestures and body movement in order to maintain
contact with audience.
13. In doing an oral retelling of a tale, why should you use the proper tone of
your voice and articulate words clearly?
a. to express your ideas eloquently
b. to communicate effectively
c. to talk authoritatively
d. to speak credibly
14. In retelling the story of Bantugan, which word would you use to describe him
as powerful?
a. controlling b. great c. domineering d. authoritative
15. Which of the statements below shows the importance of word choice in
writing situations? Knowing what word to use is important because it___.
a. shows concern for the readers.
b. captures the reader’s attention.
c. exhibits knowledge of the English language.

d. allows a writer to forward meaning with clarity and conciseness.
16. In crafting a tale about the origin of your locality, why should you consider
your audience and purpose?
Knowledge of audience and purpose will allow you to _____.

a. choose suitable style and form.
b. use words that readers like.
c. write interesting stories.
d. win writing awards.
17. Which of the statements below shows the value in studying Philippine Folk
literature?
Philippine Folk Literature _______________.

a. provides an avenue for 21st century Filipino to learn about their cultural
past.
b. provides a gateway for cultural understanding and solidarity with other
cultures.
c. needs to be given priority since it is fast fading.
d. forwards entertainment and wisdom.
18. You were asked by Philippine Daily News to retell a story that features the
bravery and gallantry of ancient Filipinos. What tale would you choose?
a. myth b. legend c. epic d. fables
19. How would you revise the sentence, ““Bantugan faced the other warriors
bravely. They did not flinch at the sight of his enemies.”? Change ____.
a. they to their
b. they to he
c. his to their
d. No revision is needed.
20. In doing an oral retelling of a fable for Matanglawin Publication’s storytelling

event, which kind of sentence structure should you use?
a. simple
b. complex
c. compound
d. compound-complex
21-25. In 3-5 sentences, retell the reading text using your own words.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THIS LESSON
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). This is the world’s most widely used library
classification system.
Epics. These are stories about supernatural or heroic persons during the ancient
times. Since epics are based on oral tradition, they are either sung or chanted.
Fables. These short narratives revolve around particular lessons. Animals are the
heroes in most fables. They are made to stand for certain traits of the human race,
and to teach the ways of the world through vivid characterization and lively
interaction.
Legends. These prose narratives which, like myths, are regarded as true by the
narrator and the audience, but they are set in a period considered less remote,
when the world was much as it is today.
Myths. These prose narratives are truthful accounts of what happened in the
remote past. Their main characters are not usually human beings, but they often
have human attributes: they are animals, deities, or culture heroes, whose actions
are set in an earlier word such as the sky or underworld.
Proverbs. These wise sayings are culled from the wisdom of daily living, providing
lessons and observations about life.
Riddles. These are witty and puzzling statements referring to animals, objects or
fruits found in the country. Philippine riddles can either be prose or verse. They
are usually written in couplets
REFERENCES AND WEBSITE LINKS USED IN THIS LESSON:
Eugenio, Damiana. (1967). Philippine Proverb Lore. Quezon City: University of

the Philippines
Eugenio, Damiana (1981). Philippine Folk Literature. Quezon City: Folklore

Studies Program, College of Arts and Sciences.
Eugenio, Damiana (1993). Myths. Quezon City: University of the Philippines

Press.

Annotation of Website Resources:
 http://www.read-legends-and-myths.com/mayon-volcano.html
This website provides a copy of the Legend of Mayon Volcano.
 http://tagaloglang.com/philippine-literature/filipino-riddles/mga-bugtong-at-
sagot-tagalog-riddles-answers.html
This link will allow students to play an interactive game on riddles.
 http://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/wise?show=0&t=1341365358
This link provides a definition of the word, wise.
 http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/minimal-pairs.htm
This link provides a complete list of words that differ in one sound.
 http://www.shiporsheep.com/
This link provides free pronunciation exercises.
 http://ancientweb.org/explore/country/Philippines
This website provides a copy of the article, Ancient Philippine Archipelago
 http://coconuter.blogspot.com/2007/11/philippines-ancient-culture.html
This link provides information about the Philippine Alphabet.
 http://www.quia.com/quiz/242899.html?AP_rand=1860197414
This website will test student’s skill in identifying simple and compound
sentences.
 http://www.glencoe.com/sec/writerschoice/rws/mslessons/grade6/lesson1
6/exercisea.shtml
This website will help you construct simple and compound sentences.
 http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectVerbAgree.asp
 http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/
 http://eslbee.com/cgi-bin/quiztest.cgi?sv_agreement
These websites provides exercises and information on subject-verb
agreement
 http://www.selectphilippines.com/filipinos.html
This link provides the article, Filipinos - A Rich Blend of East and West
 http://www.buzzle.com/articles/philippines-legends-and-myths.html
This website is the source of “Dama de Noche.”

 http://www.myheritage.com/
This website provides an application which students can use to make an
online family tree.
 http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-simple-
past.php
 http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-simple-
past.php.
These links provide information about the simple past tense.
 http://www.scribd.com/doc/30172684/reverse-creation
This link provides a copy of “Reverse Creation” by Bernard Backman.
 http://breitlinks.com/deweychallenge/index.htm
This is an interactive site on the Dewey Decimal Classification system.
 http://kapitbisig.com/philippines/english-version-of-folktales-mga-
kuwentong-bayan_842.html
Varied fables are featured in this website.
 http://androidph.hubpages.com/hub/Modern-Filipino-Heroism
This site contains a copy of the essay, “Modern Filipino Heroism.”
 http://www.worcester.ac.uk/studyskills/documents/top_10_tips_AW_25.10.
10.pdf
This website features academic writing.
 http://palc.sd40.bc.ca/palc/feature/2009/oncolloquial.htm
 http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/bl_pairphrases1.htm
These websites provide information and interactive exercises on formal
and colloquial expressions.
 http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/cgi-shl/quiz.pl/pronoun_quiz.htm
 http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/pron2_quiz.htm
These websites feature interactive exercises on pronoun-antecedent agreement.
 http://www.wordle.net/create.
This Web 2.0 application allows learners to create a word cloud.
 http://vimeo.com/20630392
This link provides access to Sean Buvala’s oral retelling of Fundevogel.
 http://www.grtleeds.co.uk/storytelling/wendy.html
This link provides tips on storytelling.

 http://rizhau.wordpress.com/2009/10/21/maranao-epics/
This link features “Bantugan.”


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Module 1: Knowing Myself

This module has the following lessons:

Lesson Title You’ll learn to… Estimated

Use grammatically correct

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 1

Riddles Proverbs Fables Legends Myths Epics

To do well in this module, you need to remember and do the following:

1. Determine how expressive and oral skills serve as carriers of meaning.

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 2

When Pagtuga heard of the news that Darang Magayon was to be

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 3

a. mirrors almost exactly the origin of a particular volcano.

4. If you were to write an epic, what element should you consider?

d. love between the hero and heroine

d. 300-399 Social Sciences

6. Which of the following words is stressed differently?

7. What does indifferent mean as used in the sentence,

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 4

a. curious b. uninterested c. agitated d. quiet

8. Based on its structure, how do you classify the following sentence?

10. Which of the following is true?

a. started during the coming of Spaniards in 1521.

b. is based on how ancient people talk.

c. traces its roots in oral tradition.

d. has an ethnic origin.

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 5

b. to impress her audience

c. to increase her word power

d. to enhance her reading comprehension

b. endears the readers to the writer

c. determines its meaning

d. impresses the readers

c. to leave a lasting impression of your storytelling ability

d. to know the content and language most suitable to them

17. Why is there a need to study folk literature?

b. Folk literature is rarely appreciated in the 21st century.

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 6

20. Matanglawin Publication has asked you to do a written retelling of an existing

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 7

The reading text is adapted from: http://www.read-legends-and-

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 8

ACTIVITY 1. Knowing You, Knowing Me

Interactions Youth of the Past Youth of the Present

ACTIVITY 2. Reflection Checkpoint

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 9

ACTIVITY 3. KWL Chart

Philippine Folk Literature

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 10

ACTIVITY 4. Inventory of Philippine Folk Literature

Answer these preliminary questions before you fully explore what

1. What does folk literature mean?

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 11

ACTIVITY 5. Amuse me!

Take a look at how these youngsters entertain themselves through a guessing

Isang balong Bibig

Developed by the Private Education Assistance Committee 12

ACTIVITY 6. Brainy Battle!