High-Strength and Ultra-High-Strength Thermomechanically Rolled Fine-Grained Steels
High-Strength and Ultra-High-Strength Thermomechanically Rolled Fine-Grained Steels
High-Strength and Ultra-High-Strength Thermomechanically Rolled Fine-Grained Steels
strength thermomechanically
rolled fine-grained steels
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates
alform®
Steel grades
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 2
alform® x-treme
The high-strength steel grades alform plate 620 M, alform plate 700 M and the ultra-high-strength steel
grades alform plate 900 M x-treme, alform plate 960 M x-treme and alform plate 1100 M x-treme are thermo-
mechanically rolled fine-grain structural steels with excellent weldability and good bending properties.
The alloying concept provides very low carbon contents and low
carbon equivalents, which aims in very good weldability. The high
strength provide special advantages in areas, where weight savings are
of great importance, e.g. for mobile cranes, concrete pump cars, steel
construction industry and architecture, penstocks and vehicles.
Steel grades
Steel grades Table 1:
Steel grades
Steel grades
alform plate 620 M
alform plate 700 M
alform plate 900 M x-treme
alform plate 960 M x-treme
alform plate 1110 M x-treme
Production process
alform® steels are produced via the LD-route and are fully killed.
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 3
Chemical composition
Heat analysis
Carbon equivalent
As-delivered condition
Plates of alform plate 620 M and alform plate 700 M are delivered in a thermomechanical rolled condition
with accelerated cooling. Exceptionally conventional quenching and tempering is permitted. Plates of
alform plate 900 M x-treme, alform plate 960 M x-treme and alform plate 1100 M x-treme are delivered in
a thermomechanically rolled condition with accelerated cooling and tempering.
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 4
Mechanical properties
Mechanical properties in as-delivered condition Table 4:
Mechanical
Plate thickness Yield strength Tensile strength1) Fracture elongation1) Notch impact properties
range YS min. Rm L0 = 5,65 √ S0 energy2), min.
Steel grades mm MPa MPa min., % J
alform plate 620 M 8 < 50 620 700 - 890 15 40
8 < 15 700 770 - 1,050 10 40
alform plate 700 M > 15 < 50 680 770 - 1,050 12 40
> 50 < 60 650 770 - 1,050 12 30
alform plate 900 M x-treme 8 < 30 900 940 - 1,100 11 30
alform plate 960 M x-treme 8 < 30 960 980 - 1,150 10 30
8 < 20 1,100 1,120 - 1,300 8 30
alform plate 1100 M x-treme
> 20 < 25 1,080 1,100 - 1,300 8 30
Notch impact bending test in accordance with EN 10045 on Charpy-V longitudinal samples at –40 °C.
2)
The mean value from 3 individual samples must reach the specified requirements. No individual value may be below 70% of the
guar anteed mean value. For thicknesses < 10 mm, samples similar to Charpy-V with dimensions of 10 x 7.5 mm or 10 x 5 mm
are tested. The guaran teed value is reduced in proportion to the sample cross-section.
The mechanical properties of alform plate 620 M are according to EN 10025-6 for steel grade S620QL. The mechanical properties of
alform plate 900 M x-treme are according to EN 10025-6 for steel grade S890QL. The mechanical properties of alform plate 960 M
x-treme are according to EN 10025-6 for steel grade S960QL.
Quality test
Test unit
Unless otherwise agreed upon ordering, 40 t of a heat or a smaller portion is used as test unit for the
mechanical properties. The test unit must consist of plates with the same steel grade and the same
thickness range for the yield strength according to table 4.
Scope of testing
Quality testing includes the tensile test. The notch impact bending test is carried out on longitudinal
samples at –40 °C. A different sample position or testing temperature must be agreed on request.
The heat analysis is provided as proof of the chemical composition.
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 5
Marking
Processing guidelines
Cold forming
alform® steels provide good cold forming properties. On condition that cut edges have
been ground very smooth and that the bending process is done skillfully 90°-bending
without cracks is guaranteed for die-radii according to table 5.
alform® steels are in thermomechanically rolled condition and are intended for cold
forming. Hot forming and stress relief annealing are possible up to 580 °C. For opti-
mum toughness properties of the weld we recommend stress relief annealing up to
max. 520 °C. Tensile strength of alform plate 620 M and alform plate 700 M will de-
crease within the guaranteed values in table 4 compared to delivery condition due to
heat input. Normalizing and quenching and tempering deteriorate the microstructure
of TMCP-steels and therefore are not to be processed.
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 6
Welding
General information
alform® steels have excellent weldability, which results of a low carbon equivalent (CEV),
and in particular, a low carbon content (C). The low CEV and C values provide reduced
hardening in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welds. This leads to greater resistance to cold
cracking (picture 1).
360
Max. hardness in HAZ [HV10]
340
320
300
280
260
However, despite this advantage, in view of the high yield point of the steel grade, it is
advisable to take extra care during welding. The generally valid and accepted rules for
the welding of low-alloyed, higher-strength fine-grain structural steels according to
EN 1011-2 and STAHL-EISEN Werkstoffblatt (SEW) 088 must be observed.
Welding process
All standard automatic and manual welding processes can be employed. Inert gas
shielded welding (GMAW, IGSW) with solid wire has the advantage of providing very
low hydrogen content in the weld material and is also especially suitable with regard
to cold cracking resistance.
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 7
For welding alform plate 700 M ER 110 S-G wires according to AWS A 5.28 are proven for inert gas
shielded welding. Type E11018-G basic-coated stick electrodes according to AWS A 5.5 are suitable
for shielded metal arc welding, and the wire-powder combination ~ F 10 A4-EM2-M2 according to
AWS A 5.23-97 is suitable for submerged arc welding. Recommended welding consumables for high-
strength and ultra-high-strength alform® steels are provided in table 6 and by alform® welding system
at www.voestalpine.com/heavyplates/en/Brand-names/alform-R-welding-system.
alform® welding system is the world’s first custom-matched system of steels and consumables for
high-strength and ultra-high-strength welded structures.
In complex welded construction (e.g. out of position welding, accumulation of welds, …) preheating according EN 1011-2
2)
is recommended
For specific requirements on strength and toughness of filler material and weld an interpass temperature below 150°C is r ecommended
3)
Cooling time t8/5 (s), measured by thermocouple submerged into molten bath
4)
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 8
You will find more information at www.voestalpine.com/welding
Experienced welding engineers are at your disposal.
As a result of their high strength, such welded joints show a higher tendency to cold
cracking, which can be minimised by the selection of suitable welding conditions.
The tendency to crack formation in the HAZ, in general, is distinctly lower than in the
weld metal due wire. Basic electrodes and welding powder for submerged arc welding
must be subjected to secondary drying. The instructions of the manufacturer concer-
ning drying and the method of use to obtain the required hydrogen criterion must be
adhered to.The risk of cold cracking can be minimised by moderate preheating in
accordance with picture 2, even in case of unfavourable combinations between heat
input and plate thickness.
180
160
140
Minimum preheating temperature [°C]
120
100
80
60
40
GMAW (3 ml/100 g WM)
SAW (7 ml/100 g WM)
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
To ensure the high strength and impact properties of the weld (base material, HAZ and
filler metal) cooling times t8/5 of 3 - 15 seconds and interpass temperatures of < 150 °C
are desirable. Cooling times t8/5 above 15 seconds are permitted under special conditions
(e.g. overmatching, ...) but are to be proven by the welder in every case.
Precondition for high notch impact energy in the welded joint is multi-layer welding, in
which the number of weld layers is calculated on the basis of the following approximation:
Following appropriate checking (e.g. using process tests according to EN 15614-1), other
welding conditions can be selected, if the properties of the welded joint correspond with
the requirements made on the component.
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 9
Dimensions
alform plate 620 M
Thickness
(mm)
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
8
Width
3.600
3.700
1.500
1.600
1.700
1.800
1.900
2.000
2.100
2.200
2.300
2.400
2.500
2.600
2.700
2.800
2.900
3.000
3.100
3.200
3.300
3.400
3.500
3.800
(mm)
Maximum width: max. width of 3,750 mm for weight per piece > 15 mt
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 10
Dimensions
alform plate 700 M
Thickness
(mm)
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
8
Width
3.600
3.700
1.500
1.600
1.700
1.800
1.900
2.000
2.100
2.200
2.300
2.400
2.500
2.600
2.700
2.800
2.900
3.000
3.100
3.200
3.300
3.400
3.500
3.800
(mm)
Maximum width: max. width of 3,750 mm for weight per piece > 15 mt
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 11
Dimensions
alform plate 900 M x-treme
Thickness
(mm)
30
25
20
15
10
8
Width
1.500
1.600
1.700
1.800
1.900
2.000
2.100
2.200
2.300
2.400
2.500
(mm)
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 12
Dimensions
alform plate 960 M x-treme
Thickness
(mm)
30
25
20
15
10
8
Width
1.500
1.600
1.700
1.800
1.900
2.000
2.100
2.200
2.300
2.400
2.500
(mm)
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 13
Dimensions
alform plate 1100 M x-treme
Thickness
(mm)
25
20
15
14
12
10
8
Width
1.500
1.600
1.700
1.800
1.900
2.000
2.100
2.200
2.300
2.400
2.500
(mm)
Information and product properties provided in this publication have the sole purpose of giving non-binding technical guidance and by no means replace individual
expert advice from our sales and customer service team. Information and product properties provided in this brochure shall not be deemed guaranteed characte-
ristics unless this has been agreed upon individually. Technical changes reserved, errors and misprints excepted. No part of this publication may be reprinted
without explicit written permission by voestalpine Grobblech GmbH.
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 14
Technical terms of delivery for heavy plates alform® high-strength February 2017 15
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