Global Inter-State System: Learning Objectives

GLOBAL INTER- STATE SYSTEM
“ The central task of out time is to evolve new system of world order based on principles of
peace and justice.”
Richard Falk
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this topic, the students will be able to:
1. differentiate nation and state;

2. define internationalism and globalism;
3. distinguish the competing conceptions of internationalism and
4. determine the institutions that govern international relations.
ACTIVATING PRIOR LEARNING
Many times you heard the terms nation and state. But maybe you are confused with these
two terms. Do they have the same meaning? The following are key words which are related
to nation and state. Identify if these are in line with nation or state.
Race Definite territory
Clan Union of families
Tribe Natural institution
Tradition Community of persons

PRESENTATION OF CONTENT
Character Culture
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATION AND STATE

Many people are confused when the word state is mentioned. Some of them will
relate it to a nation. Although many people think they are the same, the words nation and
state are entirely different from one another. In terms of territory, a state is comprised of
four elements: government, territory, population, and sovereignty. If one element is
absent, it disqualifies the area from being called a state. However, a nation can be defined
as a population who shares a similar culture and ideals. A nation is formed as a result of a
common race, religion, language, territory, history, culture or political aspirations. These
elements are not essential and are ever-changing. In terms of political and social
organization, state is a political term and refers to an area that is organized for the
security of people. It is a legal entity with human actions. On the contrary, a nation tends
to focus less on the people’s physical needs and more on metaphorical or emotional
terms.
A state has police power and individuals who disobey are punished. A state is a
political organization and it orders, coerces and punishes. On the other hand, a nation
doesn't possess strong powers.
A nation is backed by spiritual, emotional and moral power and it appeals to its
citizens and persuades them. It is a unity rather than a political organization.
INTERNATIONALISM AND GLOBALISM

Other terms to consider in this topic will be globalism and internationalism.
Globalism means “networks of connections spanning multi-continental distances,

drawing them close together economically, socially, culturally and informationally” (Das
2011:18). Looking at the definition of the economic globalism can increase our
understanding of globalism. It is a constructive and creative dimension of globalism and
visualizes global economy as an integrated marketplace.
In its most fundamental form, it implies that cross-border flows of goods and services,
factors of production, financial assets; as well diffusion of technology takes place in a
frictionless manner.
The phenomenon of economic globalism has arguably developed into one of the
most important economic policy challenges of the 21 st century. It has become a
ubiquitous force that is affecting, if not shaping the contours of major global economic
and financial trends.
On the other hand, internationalism is only in the same line as Globalization, but
to limited field. Though internationalism is also a process among countries but it is not as
wide as Globalization for example, WTO agreements have effects of Globalization as it
involves all economic players, whereas in SAARC (South Asian Association for
Regional Cooperation), the agreement will affect internationalism as limited to some
countries.
COMPETING CONCEPTIONS OF INTERNATIONALISM
Internationalism comes in different forms, but the principle may be divided into
two broad categories: liberal internationalism and socialist internationalism. The first
major thinker of liberal internationalism was the late 18 th century German philosopher
Immanuel Kant. Kant likened states in a global system to people living together require a
government to prevent lawlessness, shouldn’t that same principle be applied to states?
Without a form of world government, he argued the international system would be
chaotic. Therefore, states, like citizens of countries, must give up some freedoms and
establish a continuously growing state consisting of various nations which will ultimately
include the nations of the world. In short, Kant imagined a form of global government.
German socialist philosopher Karl Marx who was also an internationalist did not
believe in nationalism. He believed that any true form of internationalism should
deliberately reject nationalism, which rooted people in domestic concerns instead of
global ones.
He placed a premium on economic equality; he did not divide the world into
countries but into classes. He referred to the capitalist class or bourgeoisie as the owners
of the factories, companies, and other means of production. In contrast the proletariat
class included those who did not own the means of production, but instead, worked for
the capitalists. In connection to this, there is a power struggle between the capitalists class
or bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Due to exploitation, at the peak of capitalism, the
proletariat will rise to have a bloody revolution.
Marx and his co-author Fried Engels, believed that in a socialist revolution
seeking to overthrow the state and alter the economy, the proletariat “had no nation.”
They opposed nationalism because they believed it prevented the unification of the
world’s workers.
Instead of identifying with other workers, nationalism could make workers in individual
countries identify with the capitalist of their countries.
THE INSTITUTIONS that GOVERN INTERNATIONAL

RELATIONS
Of growing significance in the realm of global civil society is the wide range of
organizations dealing primarily with issues that relate to the environment, human rights,
and economic development. Among the most notable of these are INGOS, CARE
International, Worldwide Fund for Nature, Greenpeace and Amnesty International.
International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOS)

These are international not-for-profit organizations that perform public functions
but are not established or run by nation-states but are not established or run by nation-
states. They are private, voluntary, and non-profit and most are oriented to bringing about
some sort of social and political change.
INGOS are often grassroots organizations and therefore are much more in touch
with the needs and interests of their membership than larger, more formal, and more
bureaucratized organizations associated with nation-states or the international
community.
CARE International
CARE International is a global force and partner of choice within a world-wide
movement dedicated to ending poverty. It is known everywhere for its unshakable
commitment to the dignity of people.
It works with the world’s poorest and least developed countries, fragile states,
where the government and institutions are unable to provide for the basic needs, or
protect the rights, of the majority of the people, countries affected by conflict, crises or
natural disasters, poor communities in ‘middle income countries’ – countries which are
experiencing economic growth, but where inequality means that many people are left
behind, and remain trapped in extreme poverty.
World Wide Fund for Nature
WWF works with its partners worldwide to develop and implement lasting
solutions to the environmental challenges we face and in order to achieve this mission,
WWF focuses its efforts on two broad areas:
Biodiversity to ensure that the earth's web of life - biodiversity - stays healthy and
vibrant for generations to come.
Footprint, to reduce the negative impacts of human activity. WWF is working to

ensure that the natural resources required for life - land, water, air - are managed
sustainably and equitably.
Greenpeace
Greenpeace is an independent, campaigning organization which uses non-violent,
creative confrontation to expose global environmental problems, and to force solutions
for a green and peaceful future. Greenpeace's goal is to ensure the ability of the earth to
nurture life in all its diversity.
Amnesty International
It is a global movement of more than 7 million people who take injustice
personally. We are campaigning for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. It is
independent of any political ideology, economic interest or religion.
What does Amnesty do?

o It investigates and exposes the facts whenever and wherever abuses happen.
o It lobby governments, and other powerful groups such as companies, making sure
they keep their promises and respect international law.
o It mobilizes millions of supporters around the world to campaign for change and
to stand in defense of activists on the frontline.
o It supports people to claim their rights through education and training.

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GLOBAL INTER- STATE SYSTEM

At the end of this topic, the students will be able to:

1. differentiate nation and state;

ACTIVATING PRIOR LEARNING

Race Definite territory

Clan Union of families

Tribe Natural institution

Tradition Community of persons

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATION AND STATE

INTERNATIONALISM AND GLOBALISM

Globalism means “networks of connections spanning multi-continental distances,

COMPETING CONCEPTIONS OF INTERNATIONALISM

THE INSTITUTIONS that GOVERN INTERNATIONAL

International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOS)

World Wide Fund for Nature

Footprint, to reduce the negative impacts of human activity. WWF is working to

What does Amnesty do?

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