Industrial Revolution PDF
Industrial Revolution PDF
Industrial Revolution PDF
SUBMITTED BY :
UTKARSH
15138
3RD SEMESTER
B.ARCHITECTURE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WAS THE TIME PERIOD WHICH TOOK
PLACE BETWEEN 17TH AND 18TH CENTURY.
INVENTED BY JAMES WATT IN 1785 WHOSE PROLIFIRATION INTO NEEWLY BUILT MASHINE SHOP AND IRON
FOUNDRIES ENGENDERED AN APPROPRIATE TYPE OF BUILDING.
RAILWAY-
MEANINGFUL SYMBOL OF NEW AGE WHICH IN TURN HAD CONSECQUENCE OF ARCHITECTURE (STATIONS,
BRIDGES AND TUNNELS).
AN IMPORTANT MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION WHICH IN TURN HAD CONSECQUENCE FOR MASS MIGRATION
FROM ACROSS THE GLOBE.
MASS MIGRATION-
THE POSSIBILITY OF TRAVELBROUGHT ABOUT THE MIGRATION OF POPULATION FROM THE COUNTRY SIDE TO
BIG CITIES AND FROM NATION TO NATION.
OTHER INVENTION LIKE PRINTING MASHINE, SWING MASHING, TOILET BOWL, CYCLE, BAGGI ETC.
STEAM BOAT
INVENTION OF BUILDING MATERIAL
CAST IRON-
AN ESSENTIALY BRITTLE MATERIAL IS APPROXIMATELY FOUR TIMES AS RESISTANT TO COMPRESSION TO
STONE.
WROUGHT IRON-
WHICH IS FOURTY TIME AS RESISTANT TO TENSION AND BENDING AS STONE IS ONLY FOUR TIMES
HEAVIER. IT CAND BE FORM OR MOULDED INTO ANY SHAPE.
GLASS-
CAN BE MANUFACTURED IN LARGER SIZES AND VOLUME, SOLID STRUCRURE COULD BE REPLACED BY
SKELETON STRUCTURE, MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO ERECT BUILDING OF ALMOST UNRESTRICTED HEIGHT.
BUILDING COULD BE CONSTRUCTED IN ANY SHAPE AND IN SHORT TIME
USED AS FENCING OR AS
TRUSS..
USE OF GLASS AS
ACURVED STRUCTURE..
USES OF IRON IN ARCHITECTURE
▪ THE IRON BRIDGE
▪ THE IRON RAIL ROAD STATION
▪ THE IRON MARKET PLACE
▪ THE IRON COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
▪ THE IRON CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS BUILDING
▪ THE IRON EXIBITION BUILDING
THREAD MASHINE
APART FROM ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS FLOURISHING WITH RESPECT TO
HOUSING AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS, ARCHITECTURE ALSO SAW A BOOM
WITH RESPECT TO OTHER FORMS OF INFRASTRUCTURE SUCH AS Canals, tunnels,
bridges etc..
▪ ITS GREEK ASPECT WAS PARTICULARLY STRONG IN THE YOUNG UNITED STATES FROM THE EARLY YEARS OF THE
19TH CENTURY UNTIL ABOUT 1850. NEW SETTLEMENTS WERE GIVEN GREEK NAMES—SYRACUSE, ITHACA,
▪ , entablatures, and pediments, mostly transmuted into white-painted wood, were applied
to public buildings and important town houses in the style called GREEK revival.
FAMOUS BUILDINGS OF NEO-CLASSICAL ERA
ALTES MUSEUM
(BERLIN)
WHITE HOUSE(U.S.A) BALTIMORE BASILICA(USA)
THEN….
❑ IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY DISLOCATIONS BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION BECAME OVERWHELMING.
❑ MANY WERE SHOCKED BY THE HIDEOUS NEW URBAN DISTRICTS OF FACTORIES AND WORKERS’ HOUSING
AND BY THE DETERIORATION OF PUBLIC TASTE AMONG THE NEWLY RICH.
❑
❑ FOR THE NEW MODES OF TRANSPORTATION, CANALS, TUNNELS, BRIDGES, AND RAILROAD STATIONS,
ARCHITECTS WERE EMPLOYED ONLY TO PROVIDE A CULTURAL VENEER.
❑ THIS ERA ALSO SAW A NEW INTREST IN USING NEW BUILDING MATERIALS LIKE GLASS, WOODEN TIMBER
(USED IN WINDOWS) AND BRICKS AND TERRACOTA.
❑ FACTORY MADE PLATE GLASS WAS DEVELOPED AND COMPLEX DESIGNS IN IRON GRILLWORK WERE A
POPULAR DECORATION FOR THE CLASSICAL AND GOTHIC BUILDINGS.
❑ STEEL SKELETONS WERE COVERED WITH MASONRY AND LARGE GLASS SKYLIGHTS WERE POPULAR
❑ .
❑ LARGE INDOOR OPEN SPACES WERE NOW MADE POSSIBLE WITH THE USE OF STRONG IRON FRAMED
CONSTRUCTION. THIS WAS IDEAL FOR FACTORIES, MUSEUMS AND TRAIN STATIONS.
❑ BUILT FOR THE 1889 EXHIBITION IN PARIS WAS A DRAMATIC DEMONSTRATION BY THE FRENCH OF THEIR
MASTERY OF THIS NEW CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY WHICH OF SOMETHING GOTHIC STYLE OF
ARCHITECTURE OR MAIN MATERIAL IS STEEL IN THIS MONNUMENT.
❑ IT WAS HEAVILY CRITICIZED BY SOME ARCHITECTS AND ARTISTS WHO SCORNED IT AS AN EXAMPLE OF
THE “BLACKNESS OF INDUSTRY” AND SAW IT AS BLIGHT ON THE CITY’S SKYLINE.
IRON GRILLWORK IN CLASSICAL BUILDING
IRON FRAMEWORK IN GOTHIC BUILDING
TERRECOTA
CONSTRUCTION IN
GOTHIC BUILDING
EIFFEL TOWER
▪ 1887-1889
▪ PARIS
▪ 1063’HIGH (81 FLOORS)
▪ DESIGNED BY GUSTAVE
EIFFEL
▪ IRON TOWER
CONSTRUCTED AS
ENTRANCE FOR PARIS
WORLD’S FAIR
▪ 300 WORKERS
▪ TOWER WAS
CRITICIZED AS AN
EYESORE
▪ SHAPE OF TOWER
DESIGNED TO
WITHSTAND THE FORCE
OF WIND
There was some rejection of the new Industrial Revolution architecture and it’s emphasis on classical
construction, Palladian styles and Victorian “gingerbread” houses; some impressive Gothic revival
architecture was commissioned instead.
Notable examples were the British Parliament Buildings with their pointed spires and suggestion of
strength and moral values.
CRYSTAL
PALACE
Regarding architecture of this era,
They have no connection, and every effort that you make to reason from one
to the other will blunt your sense of beauty…. Remember that the most
beautiful things in the world are the most useless; peacocks and lilies for
instance.”
THANK YOU