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Ntroduction: Leonardo Da Vinci Drew Plans For A "Mechanical Man" in 1495.the Word"robot" Comes From The Czech

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ntroduction

If you think robots are mainly the stuff of space movies, think again. Right now, all over the world,

robots are on the move. They're painting cars at Ford plants, assembling Milano cookies for

Pepperidge Farms, walking into live volcanoes, driving trains in Paris, and defusing bombs in Northern

Ireland. As they grow tougher, nimbler, and smarter, today's robots are doing more and more things

we can't -or don't want to-do.

History
Leonardo da Vinci  drew plans for a "Mechanical Man" in 1495.The word"robot" comes from the Czech

word "robota", meaning drudgery or slave-like labor. It was first used to describe fabricated workers

in a fictional 1920s play by Czech author Karel Capek called Rossum's Universal Robots. In the story,

a scientist invents robots to help people by performing simple, repetitive tasks. However, once the

robots are used to fight wars, they turn on their human owners and take over the world. Real robots

wouldn't become possible until the 1950's and 60's, with the invention of transistors and integrated

circuits. Compact, reliable electronics and a growing computer industry added brains to the brawn of

already existing machines. In 1959, researchers demonstrated the possibility of robotic manufacturing

when they unveiled a computer-controlled milling machine.

The Robot may be defined as:

 "A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or


specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks."

--Robot Institute of America, 1979.


 "Force through intelligence."

 "Where AI (Artificial Intelligence) meet the real world."

 "An automatic device that performs functions normally ascribed to humans or a machine in the
form of a human."

--Webster's Dictionary.
 "A machine that can do some tasks that a human can do and that works automatically or is
controlled by a computer."

--Oxford Dictionary

Laws of Robotics
Scientist-turned-writer Isaac Asimov wrote many science fiction tales that featured robots as

characters. In Asimov's stories, the robots were guided by a set of rules, called "The Three laws of

Robotics," which prevented robots from harming people. They are:


1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to
harm.

2. A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would
conflict with the first law.

3. A robot must protect its own existence, as long as this does not conflict with the first two laws.
Although Asimov wrote these laws as fiction in the 1940's, before robots existed, they reflect
ongoing concerns that some people have about robots. Technically, destructive technologies like
"smart" cruise missiles (which can be considered robots) are already violating Asimov's laws.

Future of Robotics
Today robots are doing more and more things we can't -or don't want to-do. They used in various

Industries like: Agriculture, Automobile, Construction, Entertainment, Health care, Research,

Laboratories, Law enforcement surveillance, Manufacturing, Military, Surveillance, Mining, Excavation

and Exploration, Transportationetc. In future by using the technologies like Nanotechnology and

Artificial Intelligence, we can make the robots which are tiny nanomachines and programmable

nanorobots which will be able to operate on the human body with greater precision than ever before

imagined.

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