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    Biofuel Lubozhya Zambia PDF

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    Lukiyo Owuor
    Zambia relies heavily on wood fuel which causes deforestation. It imports all petroleum products and over 50% of the population lives in poverty. The government wants to develop biofuels to provide rural energy access and reduce poverty and deforestation. Trials show potential for ethanol from sugar cane and sweet sorghum, and biodiesel from Jatropha oil. The government is supporting research, standards, and incentives to establish a biofuels industry.

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    Biofuel Lubozhya Zambia PDF

    Uploaded by

    Lukiyo Owuor
    87 views32 pages
    Zambia relies heavily on wood fuel which causes deforestation. It imports all petroleum products and over 50% of the population lives in poverty. The government wants to develop biofuels to provide rural energy access and reduce poverty and deforestation. Trials show potential for ethanol from sugar cane and sweet sorghum, and biodiesel from Jatropha oil. The government is supporting research, standards, and incentives to establish a biofuels industry.

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    Zambia relies heavily on wood fuel which causes deforestation. It imports all petroleum products and over 50% of the population lives in poverty. The government wants to develop biofuels to provide rural energy access and reduce poverty and deforestation. Trials show potential for ethanol from sugar cane and sweet sorghum, and biodiesel from Jatropha oil. The government is supporting research, standards, and incentives to establish a biofuels industry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    87 views32 pages

    Biofuel Lubozhya Zambia PDF

    Uploaded by

    Lukiyo Owuor
    Zambia relies heavily on wood fuel which causes deforestation. It imports all petroleum products and over 50% of the population lives in poverty. The government wants to develop biofuels to provide rural energy access and reduce poverty and deforestation. Trials show potential for ethanol from sugar cane and sweet sorghum, and biodiesel from Jatropha oil. The government is supporting research, standards, and incentives to establish a biofuels industry.

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    You are on page 1of 32

    Biofuels Experiences in

    Zambia
    By
    Bernadette Lubozhya
    Map of Zambia

    III

    III

    IIb
    II

    Figure 1. Agro-ecological Regions.


    III - Region III
    II - Region II
    IIb - Region IIb
    I - Region I
    Zambia

    Area: 752,614 square kilometers

    Population: 11.7 million


    • growth rate of about 2.9%
    752,614 square kilometers
    75,185,000 ha landmass

    • 16,540,700 ha is suitable for arable use

    • Roughly 14 percent is under cultivation


    Agriculture
    • provides livelihoods to more than 50 % of
    Zambia’s population

    • absorbs about 67 % of the labour force

    • main source of income and employment for


    rural women who constitute 65 % of rural
    population.
    Farmer Category
    700 large-scale commercial - over 40 ha;

    5,000 semi-commercial farmers – 20 to40 ha;

    75,000 emergent farmers - 5 to 20 ha; and

    850,000 small-scale farmers - restricted mainly


    by energy to managing 0 to 5 ha
    Poverty

    • 68 % of the population earn less than 32


    USD per month
    • Extreme poverty (people earning less than
    22 USD per month) stands at 53 %
    • In rural areas incidence of poverty stands
    at 78%
    • Rural small scale farmers have the highest
    incidence of and stands at 79%
    – with 66% being extremely poor
    Hunger

    • Household food insecurity is more


    prevalent in rural areas and stands at
    60 per cent.
    Limited power

    • Rural people have no energy to


    opump water
    oCultivate their land etc.
    Energy
    • 97% of Zambia’s population depends on
    wood-fuel (firewood & charcoal) for
    cooking and heating

    Deforestation
    350,000 – 400,000 ha of forests every year
    Deforestation

    Soil loss

    Rapid soil fertility decline which


    cannot be rectified by use of
    petroleum based fertilizers
    Petroleum products
    • Account for 12 % of Zambia’s energy
    needs.

    • imports all its petroleum requirements


    Hence insecure in both supply and
    prices
    National Requirement of
    Petroleum products

    • 45,000 liters per day or 16.425 million


    liters per annum of gasoline (petrol)

    • 1.1 million liters per day or 401.5


    million liters per annum of diesel
    Need to reduce full dependency
    on Petroleum Products
    Zambia needs to get good

    • Petrol extender – bioethanol

    • Diesel extender - biodiesel


    Zambia’s perception of Biofuels

    • could ensure security of supply of fuel

    • have potential to contribute towards


    poverty alleviation among the rural
    poor.
    Government is keen to
    establish a biofuels industry

    1. Has constituted inter-ministrial


    steering committee to spearhead
    biofuels development
    2. Facilitated the formation of Biofuels
    Association of Zambia (BAZ).

    ZAB is an association of firms, companies


    and individuals involved and/or planning to
    be involved in the production of feedstock
    and/or biofuels in Zambia
    3. Has allocated equivalent to
    150,000 United States Dollars
    for research work on Jatropha
    Curcas and other biofuels in its
    2007 budget.
    4. Revising the Energy Policy
    to accommodate biofuels
    5. Has drafted Biofuels
    Legislation
    6. Has facilitated the drafting of
    Biofuels Standards through
    the Energy Regulation Board
    Need for Bioethanol

    • To blend with gasoline petrol to 5%


    by 2011
    Ethanol Production Plans from
    Sugar Cane
    Raise sugar output by almost 70 % to

    Meet rising local demand,

    supply exports to the EU and

    produce ethanol.
    Ethanol Production Trials from
    Sweet Sorghum
    . Sweet sorghum possible alternative or
    complementary crop to provide raw
    material to the sugar cane for ethanol
    production

    The potential has been evaluated by the


    University of Zambia
    Figure 2: Fresh Stem Yield of Sweet
    Sorghum Varieties
    50000
    Fresh Stem Yield (kg/ha)

    45000
    40000
    35000
    30000
    25000
    20000
    15000
    10000
    5000
    0
    Sima

    Keller
    Madhura

    Praj 1

    Cowley
    TS1

    GE2

    GE3

    Sweet sorghum variety Wray


    Figure 3: Sugar content of sweet
    sorghum varieties
    Sugar content (Brix %) 25

    20

    15

    10

    W ray
    Sima

    Cowley

    Keller
    TS1

    Madhura

    Praj 1

    GE2

    GE3

    Sweet sorghum variety


    Preliminary Results

    • show promise that production of


    sweet sorghum could be integrated
    with sugar cane production
    Need for Biodiesel

    • To blend with fossil diesel to 10% by


    2011

    • And also Viable Energy alternative to


    wood fuel
    Viable Energy alternative to
    wood fuel
    • (1) whose source is renewable and does not
    require much foreign exchange for its
    production;

    • (2) whose production can be decentralized and

    • (3) Can be incorporated in land use planning in


    order to improve the ecological conditions in
    rural areas – thereby contribute towards hunger
    and poverty reduction in general.
    Jatropha Curcas

    • Identified as the plant that posses all


    the three characters.
    Jatropha Curcas Oil

    • (1) good alternative to paraffin in lamps;

    • (2) good in running grinding mills, water


    pumps and decentralized generation of
    electricity; and

    (3) a good substitute to tallow,


    Limited Experience with
    Jatropha in Zambia
    • soap making enterprise – women groups

    • demonstrations on the various uses of


    Jatropha oil through National Agricultural
    and Commercial Shows.
    • Three-day workshop to train some
    entrepreneurs spearheaded by Dr.
    Henning on Jatropha System .

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