Chapter 1 Revsion
Chapter 1 Revsion
Chapter 1 Revsion
Research Instructor
Researchers:
Ronielyn Malaluan
Karla Salvanera
Lindsay Reufrir
Leoj Barrameda
The Problem
INTRODUCTION
growing and resisting diseases. Playing and doing some physical activities become
hard for them and even learning activities can be diminished. Children suffering from
malnutrition could lack energy because they don’t take in enough nutrients to sustain
body needs. This study would focus on common causes of malnutrition among
insufficient diet. It more often refers to under nutrition resulting from inadequate
consumption, poor absorption or excessive loss of nutrients, but the term can also
precipitating causes if any. Clinical symptoms of malnutrition are often the major
determinants of malnutrition and there is a little role of diagnostic and imaging studies
According to the census 2015, it has a population of 50,841 people. The town was
originally named "Barra", and it was a barangay of Daet. The provincial capital. Its
name was changed to Mercedes after Doña Mercedes, a rich woman who devoted
Apuao Island, all formerly part of Daet, Camarines Norte, by virtue of Republic
many children who don’t get enough nutrients. As if they were starving or they just
don’t eat the right food that contains different kind of nutrients.
Purok 4, Brgy 2 Mercedes Camarines Norte. This will show us on how to deal with
nutrients, but the term can also encompass over nutrition resulting to over eating or
province of Daet, Camarines Norte. According to the census 2015 it has a population
of 50,841 people.
can somehow help the children on Brgy 2, Mercedes Camarines Norte Purok 4 by
giving them some tips or by telling them the right things to do. And also by
conducting a small feeding program that consist of food which contains the nutrients
This study is very important because there is a big chance that this study can
help those children who are in Barangay 2, Purok 4, Mercedes, Camarines Norte.
We chose this topic because we pity those children who can’t do what they want
because they lack energy and nutrients that hinder them to do physical activities.
CHAPTER 2
conceptual framework and paradigm. The researchers browsed the internet and books
as sources of information.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) [17], malnutrition has three
measures by height for age, weight for height and weight for age indexes respectively.
deficiency for calories and protein available to the body tissues and it is inadequate
intake of food over a long period of time, or persistent and recurrent ill-health. This
height-for-age index (stunting) is less sensitive to temporary food shortages and thus
seems to be considered as the most reliable indicator. Because studies have shown
that wasting is volatile over seasons and periods of sickness and underweight shows
seasonal weight recovery and being overweight for some children can also affect
failure to receive adequate nutrition during the period immediately before the survey,
resulting from recent episodes of illness and diarrhoea in particular or from acute food
shortage. Underweight status is a composite of the two preceding ones, and can be
Mosley and Chen [20] in their study of the causes of death in children in
developing and low income countries, placed risk factors within an analytical
framework or including the interactions among socio-economic, cultural,
determinants according to how direct the impact of the determinant was on the risk of
Osmani (1997) attempts to explain the "South Asian Puzzle", i.e., why South
Asia's child malnutrition rate is so much higher than Sub-Saharan Africa's, despite
almost equal poverty rates, higher food availability in South Asia, and comparable
levels of public provision of health and sanitation services. The study employs OLS
the early 1990s. The initial explanatory variables are per capita GDP ($PPP), health
services (proxied by population per physician), extent of urbanization, and the female
literacy rate. All are found to be important determinants of stunting. A South Asian
dummy variable is significant and quite large, indicating (as does UN ACC/SCN
1993), that additional factors explain South Asia's extreme child stunting rates. Under
the hypothesis that the presence of relatively high low-birth-weight (LBW) rates are at
the root of the South Asian puzzle, this variable is added into a second estimating
equation, causing the South Asian dummy variable to lose its significance. In a third
estimating equation, the dummy variable is dropped and replaced with the LBW
variable. The latter is statistically insignificant in this equation. The author concludes
that LBW and factors influencing it—particularly the low status of women in South
is partially determined itself by both per capita income and female literacy), the OLS
Frongillo, de Onis, and Hanson (1997) examine the determinants of child stunting
using data from 70 developing countries in the 1980s and 1990s. They find national
income per capita, DES, government health expenditures, access to safe water, and 10
variables, the study tests for the significance of four others representing countries'
proportions of population in the military, population density, and female share of the
As for previous studies, regional effects are found to be strong and significant. They
are particularly strong for the “Asia” region, which is represented by 17 countries
nutrition” She stated that nutrients are consumed through the food that we eat, and
through metabolic processes in the digestive system these nutrients are absorbed at a
cellular level in the body. A nutrient-rich diet could assist apprentices to maintain a
healthy body and mind. The nature of most construction industry apprenticeships is
such that it requires concentration and moderate to high levels of physical activity,
and consequentially apprentices need a diet which can support these required high
research suggests that many of Detroit’s children are consuming “foods” which do not
promote optimal health. The study indicated that many children are getting energy
primarily from powdered fruit flavored drinks. Children who do not have an adequate
diet perform poorly in school because they are absent more due to illness, have
shorter attention spans, retain less, and often exhibit inappropriate behaviors.
(www.justicetaskforce.com)
Far too many children and adults are overweight or obese and as a result
suffer from poor self-esteem, lack of energy, social challenges and various health
problems. Obesity should be of major concern in the city of Detroit. Clearly, at the
heart of efforts to address obesity must be the understanding that this is a cultural
phenomenon that is deep rooted in the habits that have been developed by post World
War II generations of the American populace and federal policies that greatly
subsidize less healthy processed foods making them abundant and cheap over fresh
produce.
The movement towards convenience slowly led families away from the
preparation of fresh foods that sustained health and wellness, to pre-packaged, instant
foods that reduced the time spent in kitchens, but compromised nutrition. That
downward spiral has continued with the proliferation of “fast food” restaurants
throughout the city of Detroit. Many families get significant percentages of their food
from such establishments. Research has shown that the fat contained in burgers and
fries contribute significantly to obesity in children and adults. The tendency of those
improved eating habits including hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. It has
been suggested that certain cancers may be caused by nitrates and nitrites in
processing meats that are used frequently in the African-American community such as
smoked meats, bacon, sausage and lunch meat. African American communities also
face higher risk from diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other diet-related illnesses.
The study aims to determine if the common cause of malnutrition among children are
a. Age
b. Educational Attainment
C. Number of siblings
a. RHU data/record
b. Researchers Evaluation
ASSUMPTIONS
After conducting the research, there are some assumptions that was made
The following statements are the assumptions that concerns to the topic:
b. Preschool-Elementary
2). The weekly nutrition feeding is the measure recommended to improve the health
of malnourished children
3). Eating a healthy and balanced diet is an important part of maintaining a good
health,
The outcome of this study is a great help for everyone and specifically to it
follows:
-Children. Because it will help them to gain more weight and also improve their
health.
-Parents, beacause it will help them to gain knowledge on handling the health of their
children.
DEFENITION OF TERMS
Malnutrition- a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrient are either not
enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems malnutrition is
fortified foods.
RELATED STUDY
According to Nathan Gray (2011) who conducted a study entitled poor childhood
diet linked to low IQ . A diet with high I fats, sugars, processed foods in early
childhood may result in lower IQ scores, While a diet rich in healthy foods packed
Researchers led by Dr. Kate Northstone (2005) from the department of social
medicine at the University of Bristol also said that “In this population of
processed food, fat and sugar in such early childhood associated with lower IQ at the
age of 8.5 years in addition a concurrent healthy diet maybe associated with higher
IQ”
According to the study conducted by Dr. Mandal, Ananya (2011), one of the
causes of malnutrition is inadequate diet because of the lack of intake of fruits and
Our data suggest that both maternal and paternal education are strong predictors
of of child stunting: greater levels of formal education achieved by both mothers and
fathers were associated with a decreased odds of child stunting. Previous reports have
examined the effect of no education versus some formal education, or the completion
of primary secondary school, with child height or stunting; there is also paucity of
data for the effect of paternal education on child development. The large sample sizes
studied here allowed sufficient power to discern the effects of levels of formal
Purok 4, Brgy 2 Mercedes Camarines Norte. There are some similarities and between
our present study to some previous study and these are the following
In the study conducted by Nathan Gray and Dr. Kate Northstone (1997) that
saids A diet with high I fats, sugars, processed foods in early childhood may result in
lower IQ scores, While a diet rich in healthy foods packed with vitamins and nutrients
may work in reverse meaning if you eat unhealthy foods or you don’t eat at all it can
result to low IQ or difficulty in maintaining good grades in school and if you eat
healthy foods and maintain good and healthy diet it may result to high IQ which
In the study of Dr. Ananya Mandal (2011) that inadequate diet is one of the
causes of malnutrition it is similar to our study because not taking enough nutritional
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
This framework will support the theory of Dr. Ananya Mandal, MD that
inadequate diet.
individuals
A. Age
Conducting survey
B. Educational attainment
Norte
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter particularly deals with malnutrition on children , First of all let us
define what malnutrition and children means . Malnutrition is a condition that results
from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that
the diet causes health problems , Malnutrition is also one of the main problems in our
country.
RESEARCH DESIGN
To inform parents that when their child is not getting enough food, malnutrition is
just around the corner . to let parents know the possible things that could happen if
their children undergo malnutrition. Parents define malnutrition as just a small thing,
they don’t make it a big deal they think that malnutrition is just a stage in childhood in
RESPONDENTS
purok 4, Barangay 2.
SAMPLING DESIGN
Most of the respondents were mothers that has kids 5 years old below.
SOURCE OF DATA
Likewise, the study used percentage technique and ranking with the formula
below. The percentage technique was used to organize score to facilities analysis and
computation.
Formula:
P=f/n *100
Where P=Percentage
F=frequency response
100=constant multiplier
selected respondents. The respondents that we chose were mothers of infant children,
Name:
Age:
Educational attainment:
Do you eat vegetables? Yes? No?
CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
Chapter 4
CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION IN BRGY 2, PUROK-4 MERCEDES
CAMARINES NORTE
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data and evaluation and
the problem encountered by the respondents. This also includes a discussion about the
causes of malnutrition In Brgy 2, Purok-4 Camarines Norte.
Respondents Profile
Table 1
Respondents by Gender
MALE 5 20.83%
FEMALE 19 79.16%
TOTAL 24 99.54%
Table 2 shows that 5 or 20.83% are male and 19 or 79.16% are females. Therefore
this table shows that the majority of the respondents are females
Table 3
ELEMENTARY 18 50
TOTAL 24 99.94
Table 4
Problem encountered by the respondents
POVERTY 11 13.5%
UNAWARE 9 11.11%
Chapter 5
SUMMARY:
The primary objective of this study was to determine the Causes of Malnutrition
on Children in Brgy 2, Purok 4, Mercedes Camarines Norte .
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of their ages, gender and
educational attainment?
2. What are the problem encountered by the respondents?
3. What are the causes of malnutrition in their Barangay?
FINDINGS
After the data gathered and analyzed and interpreted, The researchers had the
following findings:
1. Most of the respondents belong to the ages 10-11. nineteen (19) or 79.16 %
were females. Majority was Elementary students They belong to the poor
socioeconomic condition. Most of them were married.
2. Majority of the respondents chose unbalanced diet for their encountered
problem.
3. The causes of malnutrition is inadequate diet because of the lack of intake
of fruits and vegetables and increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and
fats.
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